Relevant bibliographies by topics / Degree of Combined leverage

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Academic literature on the topic 'Degree of Combined leverage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 13 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Degree of Combined leverage"

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Abdulkareem, Ahmed Mahdi. "Financial Performance of Indian Pharmaceutical Companies: Analysis of Leverage and Cost of Capital." Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences 1, no. 1 (2020): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/jareas.v1i1.15.

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Purpose: The main aim of the study is to examine the performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in India based on the Degree Of Operating Leverage, Degree Of Financial Leverage, Degree Of Combined Leverage, and Cost Of Capital.
 Approach/Methodology/Design: Five pharmaceutical companies were randomly selected, and the annual reports and financial statements of these companies were analyzed. The analysis methods involved Degree Of Operating Leverage, Degree Of Financial Leverage, Degree Of Combined Leverage, and Cost Of Capital. ANOVA test was also employed to test hypotheses. The study is made for five years from 2013-14 to 2017-18.
 Findings: The results of the study reveal that there is a significant difference in the (means) variables in terms of leverage (operating, finance, and combined) and cost of capital. All leverages are different to each other and the cost of capital. The analysis reveals that Sun Pharma performed well during the study period, whereas Lupin underperformed in all aspects.
 Practical Implications: The leverage and cost of capital are very important components for deciding whether to invest or not in pharmaceutical companies. The present study highlights the financial performances and growth of the selected pharmaceutical companies.
 Originality/value: The results of the paper give certain indicators about the performance of the selected companies. These indicators can be used to inform an investment decision.
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Ahmed, Mahdi Abdulkareem. "Financial Performance of Indian Pharmaceutical Companies: Analysis of Leverage and Cost of Capital." Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences 1, no. 1 (2020): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003539.

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<strong>Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Purpose: </strong>The main aim of the study is to examine the performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in India based on the Degree Of Operating Leverage, Degree Of Financial Leverage, Degree Of Combined Leverage, and Cost Of Capital. <strong>Approach/Methodology/Design:</strong> Five pharmaceutical companies were randomly selected, and the annual reports and financial statements of these companies were analyzed. The analysis methods involved Degree Of Operating Leverage, Degree Of Financial Leverage, Degree Of Combined Leverage, and Cost Of Capital. ANOVA test was also employed to test hypotheses. The study is made for five years from 2013-14 to 2017-18. <strong>Findings:</strong> The results of the study reveal that there is a significant difference in the (means) variables in terms of leverage (operating, finance, and combined) and cost of capital. All leverages are different to each other and the cost of capital. The analysis reveals that Sun Pharma performed well during the study period, whereas Lupin underperformed in all aspects. <strong>Practical Implications: </strong>The leverage and cost of capital are very important components for deciding whether to invest or not in pharmaceutical companies. The present study highlights the financial performances and growth of the selected pharmaceutical companies. <strong>Originality/value: </strong>The results of the paper give certain indicators about the performance of the selected companies. These indicators can be used to inform an investment decision.
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Iffath Unnisa Begum, Amtul Waha, Aithagoni Pranathi, Akarapu Navyanjali, Alfiya Begum, and Allampally Deekshitha. "A Study on Profitability Analysis at Shreejee Tex Print Pvt Ltd." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 04 (2024): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0087.

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The major objective of this study is to analyses and understand the impact of leverage on the profitability of the firm. This study investigates the relationship between the leverage (financial leverage, operating leverage and combined leverage) and the earning per share. And it aims to describe how the earning capacity of the firm is influenced by the fixed operating costs and the fixed financial charges. Leverage analysis is an important tool in the business. Though leverage analysis firm can analyses the impact of fixed cost. Data is retrieved from the financial statements of the company for the five years and accordingly the leverages, degree of leverages are analyzed. The present study makes an attempt to analyses the impact of both operating leverage and financial leverage which obviously gives combined leverage. We can maximize the returns through leverage. Profitability refers to the operational efficiency of a company to generate profit. A company should earn profit to survive and grow over a long period of time. Profitability is measure of efficiency and control it indicates the efficiency and effectiveness with which the operations of the business carried on. The results suggest that the leverage and profitability are related, and leverages are having impact on the profitability of the firm.
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Deshpande, Vaishnavi. "A Study on Relationship Between Leverage and Profitability – A Case of Food Industries in India." Indian Journal of Economics and Finance 3, no. 1 (2023): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijef.c2514.053123.

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In financial management, Leverage is the key decision area. Leverage constitutes the Degree of Operating Leverage, Degree of Financial Leverage and Degree of Combined Leverage. In this paper, the relationship between Leverage and Profitability has been discussed. For the purpose of this study, data of financial year (FY) 2020 has been considered. About 10 companies in the food industry which are listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange have been chosen for this study. An exploratory form of research design is used which is based on the secondary data. The data was collected from the annual reports of the chosen companies. The data collected has been analyzed by using the regression tool. The main aim of this study is to analyse the performance of the 10 companies, chosen.
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Widjaja, Indra. "DAMPAK UKURAN DEGREE OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE, SALES GROWTH, DAN SIZE GROWTH TERHADAP RETURN HARGA SAHAM." Media Riset Bisnis & Manajemen 11, no. 2 (2011): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mrbm.v11i2.1098.

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The effects of financial reports on stock price is a big issue of research in finance and investment management. A number of studies investigate how financial information becomes impounded in security prices and affects investment decisions. This research examines the relationship between degree of financial leverage, sales growth, size growth and stock return of listed companies in infrastructure, utility and transportation sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research uses combined data, which consists of time series with cross section or known as panel data. Final result indicates that sales growth and size growth influences stock return positively but not significantly. Beside that degree of financial leverage influences stock return negatively and significantly.Keywords : Degree of financial leverage, Sales growth, Size growth and infrastructure, Utility and transportation sector
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Tarnóczi, Tibor, Edit Veres, and Edina Kulcsár. "FINANCIAL AND OPERATING RISK ANALYSIS OF TWO ROMANIAN-HUNGARIAN BORDER COUNTIES." Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences 30, no. 30 (1) (2021): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes30(1)027.

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The study analyzes the risk of companies selected from two Romanian-Hungarian border counties (Bihor and Hajdú-Bihar counties) by the degree of operational and financial leverage ratios. A total of 1,674 companies from the two counties were included in the analysis, in approximately half and half proportions. In the study, operating, financial and combined leverage ratios are used for risk analysis. Because of the large variance of the ratios, outliers were filtered out. The filtering was based on the degree of the combined leverage ratio, which resulted in 107 companies excluded. In the analysis of sectors, there are significant differences in DOL ratio values between counties. For the DFL indicator, the values are much more balanced. There are also larger differences for DCL, which are likely to be caused by DOL values. The analysis showed no statistically significant difference in leverage ratios between the total county data or the sector-disaggregated county data. The analysis also suggested that some accounting reports may contain manipulations but that further investigations are needed to substantiate them adequately.
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Abdukareem, Ahmed Mahdi, and Priyanka Dineshgiri Meghanathi. "The Impact of Leverage on Earnings Per Share: A Study of Selected Petroleum Companies in India." Journal La Bisecoman 1, no. 2 (2020): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v1i2.112.

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The main purpose of this article is to study the impact of leverage on earning per share of selected petroleum companies in India. The article also aims to examine the correlation between three types of leverage with earning per share and to know more about the leverage and petroleum industry in India. The most appropriate Parametric and Non parametric tests are employed and the analysis of data is presented through different graphs and tables. This article comes across to draw a comparison between the degree of combined leverage and earnings per share of selected petroleum companies during the study period.
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Sumarna, Alfonsa Dian. "DEGREE OF LEVERAGE DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA SEKTOR INDUSTRI JASA KEUANGAN." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Bisnis 28, no. 3 (2023): 420–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/eb.2023.v28i3.8131.

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Krisis pandemi mengakibatkan sektor jasa keuangan. Penelitian ini menjadi menarik dari segi kerangka teoritis dalam penilaian pengaruh antara variabel bebas kinerja perusahaan yang diproksikan ke dalam variabel Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity(ROE) dan Eearning Per Share (EPS), serta variabel terikat degree of leverage (DL) yang diproksikan ke dalam variabel Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL), Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL), dan Degree of Combine Leverage (DCL). Penelitian ini menggunakan 156 data panel triwulanan untuk pengujian pengaruh (parsial dan simultan) serta Moderated Regression Analysis. Temuannya adalah untuk semua variabel bebas berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan, dan variabel ukuran perusahaan bukan merupakan variabel moderasi bagi pengaruh variabel degree of leverage terhadap kinerja keuangan. Pengaruh variabel independen bervariasi arah positif dan negatif terhadap variabel dependen. Walaupun hasil penelitian tidak memberikan hasil empiris pengaruh yang signifikan, tetapi perusahaan tetap dapat memberikan perhatian tanpa mengesampingkan variabel dikarenakan agar tidak terjadi kemungkinan potensial financial distress dan kegagalan bisnis.
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Putri, Leonita, Supardi Bakrie, and Samadi Bakar. "Analisis DOL, DFL dan DCL Terhadap Profitablitas Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011-2016." JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN BISNIS SRIWIJAYA 15, no. 2 (2018): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jmbs.v15i2.5697.

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Tujuan Penelitian –. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan DOL (Degree of Operating Leverage), DFL (Degree of Financial Leverage), DCL (Degree of Combined Leverage) memiliki pengaruh terhadap profitabilitas pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2011-2016.Desain/Metodologi/Pendekatan – Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kausalitas dan data yang digunakan adalah data kuantitatif. Merupakan perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar dan sahamnya masih aktif diperdagangkan di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Perusahaan tersebut menerbitkan Laporan keuangan bulanan secara lengkap dari 2011 sampai 2016 yang dapat di akses melalui Website Bursa Efek Indonesia dan Website perusahaan yang terkaitTemuan – Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan metode deret waktu yaitu dari tahun 2011-2016. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 21, baik pengujian secara individu DOL dengan profitabilitas dan DFL dengan profitabilitas maupun pengujian bersama DOL dan DFL terhadap profitabilitas didapatkan bahwa DOL dan DCL memiliki pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahan Profitabilitas perusahaan (ROE, ROA, dan EPS), sementara untuk DFL didapatkan hasil DFL tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahan profitabilitas perusahaan.Keterbatasan Penelitian – Penelitian ini focus pada objek perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI, perbedaan karakteristik antar perbankan dapat ditindaklanjuti dengan membandingkannya dengan perbankan daerah atau yang belum go-publik.Originality/Value: Penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi perbankan di Indonesia untuk menganalisa, perencaan dan melakukan pengendalian keuangan di perusahaan terhadap kinerja perusahaan.
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Prabowo, Ananto, and Indah Sari Pangestu. "Leverage, Tata Kelola Perusahaan, dan Manajemen Laba Riil." Organum: Jurnal Saintifik Manajemen dan Akuntansi 4, no. 1 (2021): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/organum.v4i1.133.

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Earnings management is conducted by key internal personels within a firm through the utility of accounting policy judgements which then mislead financial reports. The level of leverage and corporate governance have the ability to influence the degree of earnings management implementation. This research has an objective to examine the leverage and corporate governance mechanisms influence on real earnings management. This research population is included in 50 companies with the best corporate governance implementation in Indonesia for the period of 2012-2018. By using the purposive sampling method, 126 observations fit the sample criteria. This research uses a quantitative approach and secondary data with a random effects’ regression model. This research shows leverage and corporate governance mechanisms, when combined, affect real earnings management. This research's supplementary results show that leverage cannot limit real earnings management practice and consecutively on corporate governance mechanism. Independent board of commissioner negatively and significantly exert influence on real earnings management, followed by the audit committee, reducing real earnings management practice. Meanwhile, institutional and managerial ownership do not present a significant merit on real earnings management. This research implicates the policy maker in justifying good corporate governance and practioners to look upon the possibility of real activities manipulation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Degree of Combined leverage"

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Li, Rong-Jen. "Combined Leverage and the Volatility of Stock Prices." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331340/.

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Much has been written during the past decade to explain the relationship between financial and operating leverage and stock-price volatility. However, the relationship between combined leverage and stock-price volatility has yet to be fully explored. Mandelker and Rhee's (MR) recent study uses both operating and financial leverage in a regression (equivalent to the traditional total leverage—DTL) and shows that both types of leverage are positively associated with common stock betas. Huffman recently demonstrated that there are interactions between operating leverage and financial leverage. Therefore, MR's model could be oversimplified. This study examines the relationship between firms' combined leverage and their stock-price volatility. The study also examines industry and industry growth to see if the relationship is influenced by these factors. The question is whether DOCL is a better risk measure than DTL and whether there is an interaction between operating and financial leverage. The inferences that can be drawn from the study's results are as follows: (a) Stock risk is a function of combined leverage; (b) Industry significantly influences the relationship between stock risk and DOCL; (c) High growth increases the relationship between stock risk and DOCL; (d) Combined leverage (DOCL) is a better risk measure than total leverage (DTL). Further, the problem with the traditional total leverage measure is the omission of the interaction between DOL and DFL. This is consistent with Huffman's theory and suggests Mandelker and Rhee's model is oversimplified.
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Woodhead, Brendon. "Investigating the degree of induced disorder in mechanicaly combined pharmaceutical materials." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-the-degree-of-induced-disorder-in-mechanicaly-combined-pharmaceutical-materials(401fc654-296e-48e4-ba81-e0c9e31fdf45).html.

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Santos, Daniel. "Combined forced and parametric excitation of a single degree of freedom oscillator." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602266.

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This report looks at two forms of Mathieu's equation, each subjected to an external sinusoidal excitation, and has been appropriately divided into two sections. The first section analyses a nonhomogeneous linear equation considered initially without, and then with damping, The second section investigates a nonlinear nonhomogeneous equation, with damping, and is supplemented by laboratory investigations and analogue computing. The principal mathematical method used throughout has been the perturbation method of multiple scales, with the method of variation of parameters incorporated to investigate the linear case. Some of the results, from both cases, are presented in the form of time trace diagrams and these compared well with results obtained from numerical integration of the original equation using the Runge - Kutta algorithm. All the remaining results are presented in the form of 3D diagrams in an effort to give more information about the frequency content of the response. Experimental results for parametric and forced excitation of a light cantilever with an end mass agreed qualitatively with theoretical predictions and analogue computer results agreed well. Again the results were presented in a similar format to those of the previous sections, using 3D diagrams. The main findings for the linear problem were that the response was dominated by the frequencies ? and ?p - ? , where ? is the forcing frequency and ? is the parametric excitation frequency. Close to the stability boundary the interaction between the forced and parametric responses resulted in a response much larger than that due to either effect on its own. When the nonlinearities considered here were added it was found that, with no external forcing the response in the unstable region was dominated as expected by a component at ? p/2, but as the amplitude of the external forcing was increased this component was suppressed and replaced by dominant components at frequencies ? and ?P- ? In addition there were normally sidebands present, sometimes of relatively quite considerable amplitude and even the appearance, for a limited window, of what might have been chaotic motion, with a continuous range of spectral components. These digital computer findings were confirmed by analogue computer and laboratory observations.
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Lourenço, Wesley da Silva, and 0000-0002-0760-7644. "The Moderating Role Of Market Structure On The Relationship Between Firm Operational Performance And Degree Of Operating Leverage." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8869.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10960_DISSERTACAO - WESLEY LOURENCO.pdf: 1180702 bytes, checksum: 92a5bf3209b7bd23e332624e387fdd69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-03<br>CAPES<br>Esta dissertação investiga o papel de moderação da estrutura de mercado na relação entre desempenho operacional e composição dos custos das empresas. Como proxy para a estrutura de mercado, adotou-se o Índice Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI); para o desempenho operacional, foi utilizado como proxy o retorno sobre o capital investido (ROIC); e para composição dos custos das empresas, o Grau de Alavancagem Operacional (DOL). A base de dados abrange empresas não financeiras no mercado brasileiro de 1996 a 2016, terceiro trimestre. Resultados apontam que a estrutura de mercado modera a relação entre ROIC e DOL, tendo maior efeito há medida que os mercados se aproximam de uma estrutura monopolística. Resultados em geral, sugerem a existência de relação entre o desempenho operacional das empresas e comportamento dos custos, indicado por uma relação negativa entre ROIC e DOL. Observa-se, também, um papel moderador significativo do Tamanho na função de moderação da estrutura de mercado (HHI) na relação entre ROIC e DOL, na medida em que a estrutura do mercado avança para configurações próximas do monopólio, o efeito moderador HHI torna-se mais latente.<br>This thesis investigates the moderation role of market structure on the relationship between operational performance and firms’ costs composition. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) were adopted as proxy for market structure; for operational performance, Return on Invested Capital (ROIC); and for firms’ cost choices, the Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL). The database covers non-financial firms at Brazilian market from 1996 to 2016, third quarter. The output points toward to market structure moderation of the relationship between ROIC and DOL with an increase of the effect when markets comes near to a monopolistic structure. Overall results suggests the existence of a relation between firms’ operational performance and cost behavior, indicated by a negative relationship between ROIC and DOL. Furthermore, we notice a moderating role of Size on market structure (HHI) moderation role on the relationship between ROIC and DOL, in the extent that market structure moves towards a higher concentration level configuration, the moderating effect of HHI becomes more latent.
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LOURENCO, W. S. "The Moderating Role Of Market Structure On The Relationship Between Firm Operational Performance And Degree Of Operating Leverage." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8869.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10960_DISSERTACAO - WESLEY LOURENCO.pdf: 1180702 bytes, checksum: 92a5bf3209b7bd23e332624e387fdd69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-03<br>Esta dissertação investiga o papel de moderação da estrutura de mercado na relação entre desempenho operacional e composição dos custos das empresas. Como proxy para a estrutura de mercado, adotou-se o Índice Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI); para o desempenho operacional, foi utilizado como proxy o retorno sobre o capital investido (ROIC); e para composição dos custos das empresas, o Grau de Alavancagem Operacional (DOL). A base de dados abrange empresas não financeiras no mercado brasileiro de 1996 a 2016, terceiro trimestre. Resultados apontam que a estrutura de mercado modera a relação entre ROIC e DOL, tendo maior efeito há medida que os mercados se aproximam de uma estrutura monopolística. Resultados em geral, sugerem a existência de relação entre o desempenho operacional das empresas e comportamento dos custos, indicado por uma relação negativa entre ROIC e DOL. Observa-se, também, um papel moderador significativo do Tamanho na função de moderação da estrutura de mercado (HHI) na relação entre ROIC e DOL, na medida em que a estrutura do mercado avança para configurações próximas do monopólio, o efeito moderador HHI torna-se mais latente.
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Wood, Matthew R. "Effects of altitude exposure combined with sea level training on sea level performance a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology for the degree of Master of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, September 2003." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/WoodM.pdf.

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Kapel, Stephanie S. [Verfasser], and Hellmut G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Augustin. "Dissertation submitted to the Combined Faculties for the Natural Sciences and for Mathematics of the Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Germany for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences / Stephanie S. Kapel ; Betreuer: Hellmut G. Augustin." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203129432/34.

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Cardoso, Rafael Felipe Silva. "Incentivo fiscal e alavancagem operacional: um estudo de caso sobre a desoneração da folha de pagamento em uma empresa start-up." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-02082016-153102/.

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Os incentivos fiscais concedidos pelos entes públicos às empresas nacionais suscitam cada vez mais o interesse de estudos aprofundados em relação a seu impacto dentro das organizações. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos dos incentivos fiscais, especificamente, da desoneração da folha de pagamento instituída pelo Plano Brasil Maior do Governo Federal em 2011, no grau de alavancagem operacional de uma empresa start-up brasileira. A pesquisa foi realizada através de um estudo de caso em uma empresa start-up atuante no Brasil no setor de tecnologia desde 2011. As análises do estudo de caso confirmaram que há uma relação direta entre a desoneração da folha de pagamento e o grau de alavancagem operacional de uma empresa. A interpretação dos dados sugere que para uma melhor eficiência dos incentivos fiscais, estes devem alterar o comportamento dos custos e despesas fixas para variáveis, diminuindo assim a exposição ao risco operacional da empresa.<br>Tax incentives granted by public entities to domestic companies tend to raise more interest of extensive studies in relation to its impact within organizations. This research aims to analyze the effects of tax incentives, specifically, the payroll tax exemption established by the \"Plano Brasil Maior\" of the Brazilian Federal Government in 2011, on the degree of operating leverage of a Brazilian start-up company. The research was conducted through a case study of a start-up company operating in Brazil in the technology sector since 2011. The analysis of the case study confirmed that there is a direct relation between the payroll tax exemptions and the degree of operating leverage of a business. The interpretation of the case suggests that, for a more efficiency of the tax incentives, the incentive must directly modify the fixed and variable costs and therefore reducing the company\'s exposure to operational risk
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Marčiulionytė, Asta. "Įmonės pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20140626_161708-33077.

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Pelningumo siekimas yra pagrindinis verslo įmonės tikslas, dažnai lemiantis vadovų pasirinkimą sprendžiant problemas susijusias su pardavimo kainomis, įvairiomis išlaidomis. Pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimas teikia apibendrinantį planavimo proceso vaizdą ir išlaidų kitimo supratimą, todėl gauta informacija yra nepakeičiama, siekiant užtikrinti racionalų įmonės valdymą. Šio darbo tikslas – išanalizavus pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties metodologiją, atlikti įmonės pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimą ir sudaryti modelį, leidžiantį efektyviai planuoti ir analizuoti įmonės kaštų, veiklos apimties ir pelno ryšį. Taigi, šio darbo objektas-įmonės pelningumas, jo priklausomybė nuo įmonės pajamų, kaštų ir veiklos apimties. Siekiant įgyvendinti darbo tikslą, keliami tokie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo metodologiją, suformuoti prielaidas pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo modeliavimui, atlikti įmonės pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimą, bei sudaryti pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo modelį. Darbą sudaro trys pagrindinės dalys: metodologinė, analitinė ir rezultatų. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje nagrinėjami pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo metodologijos aspektai-pateikiamos analizės prielaidos, vertinimo reikšmė ir galimybės. Antrasis darbo skyrius apima prielaidų pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo modeliavimui analizę: tiriami ir lyginami pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo modeliavimo metodai, bei pateikiama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The main purpose of business enterprise is striving for profitability and this purpose usually decides the head‘s of enterprise choice when he tackles the problems about prices of sales and different expenses. Cost-volume-profit evaluation gives resumptive view about planning process and understanding of costs range so given information is irreplaceable because of trying to ensure rational management. The purpose of this work is to do cost-volume-profit evaluation and make a model according the analysis of cost-volume-profit methodology. This model will let to plan and analyse enterprise‘s cost, activity‘s size and profit‘s relation in effective way. So the object of this work is the profitability of an enterprise, its dependence from enterprises revenue, cost and activity‘s volume. In purpose to realize work‘s aim there are these objectives: to analyse cost-volume-profit evaluation methodology, to structure presumptions for cost-volume-profit evaluation modeling, to do enterprises cost-volume-profit evaluation and to make cost-volume-profit evaluation model. Three main parts makes this work: methodological, analytical, results. In the first part of this work there is an analyses of cost-volume-profit evaluation methodology‘s aspects, there are analysis presumptions, evaluations mean and possibilities. The second part includes presumptions analysis to cost-volume-profit evaluation modeling: here are researched and compared cost-volume-profit evaluation modeling methods and is... [to full text]
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Chen, Svuan-Jvun, and 陳炫君. "Detects the Association between Degree Operating Leverage and Degree Financial Leverage-Considers firm size factor." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09192859621306929632.

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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>會計所<br>96<br>Degree of operation and financial are the indexes of measuring business risk. In the past studies, Mandelker and Rhee (1984) measuring system is used to measure DOL and DFL. However, the size factor isn’t made as a consideration in Mandlker and Rhee (1984) measuring system. In our studies, in addition to improving the insufficiency of Mandlker and Rhee(1984) measuring system, we discussed the size factor in effecting DOL and DFL measurements in three ways of industry analysis- representative individual of firm, representative individual of industry and representative individual of market. The samples of the research are taken from COMPUSTAT, having 599 public corporations and the 20-year dates. In the result, we find that using total property as the size factor and setting PDF have obvious differences between steps of industry and market. Therefore, size factor would effect the measurements of DOL and DFL. Besides, DOL and DFL in weight average and in arithmetic average have obvious differences.
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Books on the topic "Degree of Combined leverage"

1

Jan, Pratley, and Avon (England) Careers Service, eds. Courses in translating, interpreting, practical linguistics and degree level courses in languages combined with scientific/technical studies. Avon Careers Service, 1988.

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Great Britain. Department for Education. Her Majesty's Inspectorate. Edge Hill College of Higher Education: Aspects of humanities provision within the BA and BSc Combined Honours degree. DFE, 1992.

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Department of Education & Science. Report by HM Inspectors on Bulmershe College of Higher Education: BA degree in combined studies, ; [and], initial teacher training. Department of Education and Science, 1986.

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Great Britain. Department for Education. Her Majesty's Inspectorate. Polytechnic South West (from 16 June 1992 University of Plymouth: Aspects of Humanities and Theatre Arts provision within the Combined Arts degree. DFE, 1992.

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Shigurov, Viktor. Theory of transpositional grammar of the Russian language:. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2198970.

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The monograph provides a comprehensive systematic study of the transpositional mechanism of modalation in the Russian language, the principles and patterns of its operation. The causes, prerequisites, signs, stages (stages) and the limit of transposition of linguistic units from verbs in predicative, semi-predicative and substantive forms; adjectives in full/short form and adverbs, including in the function of predicatives; prepositional and prepositional forms of nouns and pronouns into the interparticle semantic and syntactic category of introductory modal words and expressions. Using the methodology of oppositional analysis and indexing, the indices of transposition of words and word forms are calculated, explicating in typical contexts a particular stage of modalation and the degree of correspondence of their differential features to the characteristics of nuclear representatives of the initial and final links of the intercategory transposition. Special emphasis is placed on the study of syncretic (peripheral and hybrid) structures representing, in different combinatorics and proportions, signs of interacting parts of speech and interparticle categories of predicatives and introductory modal units during modalation, as well as when modalation is combined with other types of transposition — predication, adverbialization, particularization, conjunctionalization, interjection, etc. A system of criteria is proposed, It makes it possible to differentiate functional and functional-semantic homonyms, as well as peripheral and hybrid formations that demonstrate different stages of modalation (including when combined with other transpositional processes). An inventory of units of different partial affiliation has been compiled, demonstrating varying degrees of transposition into introductory modal words and expressions, as well as sometimes into predicatives, adverbs, particles, conjunctions, prepositions, interjections. It is intended for linguists: researchers, teachers of higher education, teachers of literature and students.
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Lobanov, Aleksey. Medical and biological bases of safety. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1439619.

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The textbook considers the subject and tasks of the discipline, highlights the medical and biological foundations of ensuring human security in the conditions of natural, man-made and biological-social emergencies, as well as when using modern weapons of destruction by a probable enemy. &#x0D; Briefly, but quite informative, the structure of the human body and the basics of its functioning are described. The specificity and mechanism of the toxic effect of harmful substances on a person, the energy effect and the combined effect of the main damaging factors of the sources of emergency situations of peacetime and wartime are shown. The article highlights the medical and biological aspects of ensuring the safe life of people in adverse environmental conditions, including in regions with hot and cold climates (the Arctic). The methods of forecasting and assessing the medical situation in emergency zones and lesions are presented. &#x0D; The means and methods of medical and biological protection and first aid to the affected are shown. The main tasks and organizational structure of formations and institutions of the medical rescue service of the GO, the All-Russian Service of Disaster Medicine and medical formations of the EMERCOM of Russia are considered. Organizational issues of medical and biological protection in emergency situations are highlighted. The features of the organization of medical support for those affected by terrorist attacks are considered. &#x0D; It is intended for students and cadets of educational institutions of higher education studying under the bachelor's degree program in the following areas of training: "Technosphere security", "Infocommunication technologies and communication systems", "Information systems and technologies", "State and municipal management", "Economics", "Mechatronics and robotics", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes", "Informatics and computer engineering", "Air Navigation", "System analysis and management". It can also be useful for researchers and a wide range of specialists engaged in practical work on planning and organizing medical and biological protection of the population.
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West, Joel, and Jonathan Sims. How Firms Leverage Crowds and Communities for Open Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816225.003.0004.

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There are many similarities in how firms pursuing an open innovation strategy can utilize crowds and communities as sources of external innovation. At the same time, the differences between these two network forms of collaboration have previously been blurred or overlooked. In this chapter, we integrate research on crowds and communities, identifying a third form—a crowd–community hybrid—that combines attributes of both. We compare examples of each of these three network forms, such as open source software communities, gated contests, crowdsourcing tournaments, user-generated content, and crowd science. We then summarize the intrinsic, extrinsic, and structural factors that enable individual and organizational participation in these collaborations. Finally, we contrast how these collaborative forms differ regarding their degree of innovativeness and relevance to firm goals. From this, we identify opportunities for future research on these topics.
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Leverages: Operating Leverage, Financial Leverage, Measures of Financial Leverage, Combined Leverage, Problems and Solutions. Independently Published, 2018.

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Eberwein, S. A. Cash Your Investment: How to Leverage Your College Degree into a Great First Job. Brown Books Publishing Group, 2016.

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Cash Your Investment: How to Leverage Your College Degree into a Great First Job. Brown Books Publishing Group, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Degree of Combined leverage"

1

Makhni, Melvin C. "Combined Degree Opportunities." In Physicians’ Pathways to Non-Traditional Careers and Leadership Opportunities. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0551-1_6.

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Hu, Cong, Jiang Zhong, Qi Li, and Qing Li. "DETER: Streaming Graph Partitioning via Combined Degree and Cluster Information." In Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38991-8_16.

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Zhang, Qianqian, Yang Sun, and Weidong Liu. "Discovering the Diverse Types of Multi-degree Valence Relations Combined with Their Context." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53980-1_119.

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Arnold, L., T. L. Willoughby, L. C. Epstein, B. Jones, and G. Xu. "Models for Predicting Career Patterns of Graduates of Combined Baccalaureate-MD Degree (CD) Programs." In Advances in Medical Education. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4886-3_163.

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Liang, Mingshen, Weixiong Xu, Qizhi Fang, and Xiaoyu Lan. "Research on a Novel Combined Degree Distribution of Fountain Code for UAV Communication Scenarios." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3572-6_54.

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Ma, Lili, Yun Chen, Liang Zhang, et al. "Cases Study on Foundation Pit Design in Complex Environment of Urban Core Area." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2532-2_5.

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AbstractWith the degree of urban underground space developing in China, the scale and excavation depth of foundation pit is much larger, and the surrounding environment is also more and more complex. Therefore, five cases of foundation pit design in complex environment have been studied in this paper. Then combined with local engineering experience, a design scheme of foundation pit adjacent to important facilities which is suitable for Qianjiang New Town has been summarized. Finally, based on the five cases, a simple model to assessment the complexity of the surrounding environment is proposed.
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Goeing, Jan, and Jens Friedrichs. "Interaction of Combined Module Variances and Influence on the Overall System Behaviour." In Regeneration of Complex Capital Goods. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51395-4_21.

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AbstractWithin the Collaborative Research Centre 871, geometrical variances caused by repair procedures and deterioration are evaluated for the turbomachinery of a high-bypass aircraft engine. Part of this evaluation is the investigation of the influence of isolated and combined geometric variances on the overall aircraft engine performance. For this purpose, a virtual twin of a research aircraft engine is developed in sub-project D6. This virtual aircraft engine is based on the Pseudo Bond Graph approach, which allows for transient manoeuvres and the effects of interactions to be simulated with a higher degree of accuracy compared to conventional methods. After validation of the model, a design of experiments is performed to analyse the sensitivities between the variances of modules and engine performance. Within the sensitivity analysis, it is shown that the evaluated steady-state and transient performances are mainly influenced by the high-pressure modules, especially by the mass flow and efficiency variances. Furthermore, it is shown that the sensitivities strongly depend on the operating points. However, significant interactions are found which can be attributed to both the high-pressure and low-pressure modules.
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Chen, Hanshu, Zheng Zhou, Guohai Chen, and Dixiong Yang. "Dynamic Analysis of Nonlinear Multi-degree-of-Freedom System Subjected to Combined Gaussian and Poisson White Noises." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5912-6_26.

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Jain, Aayush, Huijia Lin, Christian Matt, and Amit Sahai. "How to Leverage Hardness of Constant-Degree Expanding Polynomials over $$\mathbb {R}$$ R to build $$i\mathcal {O}$$ i O." In Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2019. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17653-2_9.

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Shen, Duwen, Qili Gan, and Langhua Li. "Research on Quality Inspection Method of Reinforcement Sleeve Grouting Joint." In Novel Technology and Whole-Process Management in Prefabricated Building. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5108-2_38.

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AbstractAt present, the connection of vertical members of prefabricated concrete structures in our country is mainly based on reinforcement sleeve grouting technology, which is a hidden project, and the inspection of construction quality determines the evaluation of connection quality. Therefore, this paper introduces the construction quality detection technology of sleeve grouting currently commonly used in our country, and analyzes the applicability and effectiveness of different quality detection methods for reinforcement sleeve grouting joint joints from the aspects of filling degree of grouting material and insert length of steel bar, which determine the quality of sleeve grouting, and combined with the actual detection situation of engineering projects.
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Conference papers on the topic "Degree of Combined leverage"

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Wu, Fengtong, Feilong Zhang, Huan Yuan, Aijun Yang, Xiaohua Wang, and Mingzhe Rong. "On-Line Vacuum Degree Detection of Vacuum Circuit Breaker Based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Combined with WTD-RF." In 2024 7th International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology (ICEPE-ST). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icepe-st61894.2024.10792482.

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Song, Wenping, Shijie Liu, Xiaohua Tong, Miao Li, and Yuhao Xia. "Effect of Overlapping Degree and Distribution of High-Accuracy Images on Combined RFM-Based Geometric Positioning of Multi-Resolution Satellite Imagery." In IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10642355.

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Nielsen, L. V., and K. V. Nielsen. "Differential ER-Technology for Measuring Degree of Accumulated Corrosion as Well as Instant Corrosion Rate." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03443.

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Abstract A modification of traditional electrical resistance technology is demonstrated which leads to high resolution measurements that can be used to quantify instant corrosion rate in addition to accumulated degree of corrosion. Electrical circuitry, mathematical algorithms, and methods for temperature compensation are demonstrated. The applicability of the technique has been demonstrated in fields where electrochemical techniques are excluded. These include measurements under cathodic polarization and cathodic polarization combined with superimposed alternating currents (AC) as well as measurements of the degradation of electro-galvanized zinc surfaces exposed in salt spray test.
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Barrett, Matt, Will Maize, and Tony da Costa. "Applying Machine Learning Techniques to Identify and Predict Behavior of Rectifier and Groundbed State Change." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17833.

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Abstract We explore how rectifier voltage and current measurements can inform pipeline engineers and technicians on the health, performance and operation of their cathodic protection (CP) assets, and predict the future operation of existing and newly installed cathodic protection systems. We leverage years of data from monitoring units installed on CP rectifiers combined with site specific details describing the site and its CP system provided by pipeline operators to train a machine learning model. The study includes current and historical data from hundreds of unique rectifier locations across Canada which have been historically monitored using a remote monitoring unit (RMU). RMU readings are analyzed and grouped by long term resistance trends. Contextual data is collected for each site. This data describes the cathodic protection relevant details of the site, including details of the pipe, rectifier, groundbed and soil. A machine learning model has been developed which accepts the contextual data associated with the rectifier and will predict the long-term rectifier resistance trend.
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Korsaka, Tereza, and Gunta Grinberga-Zalite. "Theoretical characteristics of using leverage instruments in the context of rural entrepreneurship." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.022.

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Today, the matters pertaining to regional and urban development in the EU are increasingly integrated into EU development plans and strategies. The EU actively facilitates regional development by supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions to contribute to employment, education and social integration. The strategic goal of the National Development Plan of Latvia 2021-2027 is to promote also regional development in Latvia in order to ensure long-term balanced growth in the country. Promoting entrepreneurship in the regions is of great importance, as Latvia is still one of the countries in the European Union experiencing unbalanced regional development and having socio-economic disparities. Consequently, financial performance and financial stability play an important role in sustainable business development. Rural entrepreneurs whose business is seasonal often lack an awareness of the role of financial leverage degrees, which could lead to making wrong decisions. Performing an assessment of the degrees of financial leverage could be useful not only in a situation when experiencing a business expansion but also when a business decline occurs, which is specific to rural entrepreneurship. A hypothesis of the present research is based on the authors’ opinion that by meaningfully applying the degrees of financial leverage, it is possible to enhance the financial performance of enterprises, which is particularly important for rural entrepreneurship. The aim of the research is to define the degrees of financial leverage – the degree of operating leverage (DOL), the degree of financial leverage (DFL) and the degree of combined leverage (DCL) – as measures of financial performance of enterprises and classify the principles of measure assessment in relation to whether the indicator percentage changes used in financial leverage calculations are positive or negative. The research employed the following methods: induction – to make scientific assumptions and identify similarities based on individual elements – and deduction – to logically systematize and explain empirical data. Applying the empirical and logical construction methods, the authors analysed six different theoretically possible situations, gave six different examples, defined and classified the principles of leverage degree assessment as different (positive and negative) in relation to the indicator percentage changes used in financial leverage calculations.
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Myers, Audun, and Firas A. Khasawneh. "Combined Coulomb and Viscous Damping Estimation Using Topological Signal Processing." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-68456.

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Abstract In this work we develop a novel time-domain approach for the simultaneous estimation of the damping parameters for a single degree of freedom oscillator with both viscous and coulomb damping. Our approach leverages zero-dimensional sublevel set persistence — a tool from Topological Signal Processing (TSP) — to analyze the ring down vibration of the signal. Sublevel set persistence is used as it alleviates the need for peak selection when analyzing the time-domain of the signal and provides an alternative noise-robust method for visualizing the damping envelope. We are able to successfully estimate the damping parameters using both a direct approach and a function fitting method. We show that the direct approach is only appropriate for low levels of additive noise, but allows for a less computationally demanding estimation of the parameters. Alternatively, the function fitting method provides accurate estimates for significantly higher levels of additive noise. The results are provided through a numerically simulated example with mixed coulomb and viscous damping. We demonstrate the robustness of our method for accurately estimating both damping parameters for various levels of additive noise, a wide range of sampling frequencies, and both high and low levels of damping. This analysis includes providing suggested limitations of the method when applied to real-world signals.
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Bin Ishak, Ismayuzri, Joseph Fisher, and Pierre Larochelle. "Robot Arm Platform for Additive Manufacturing Using Multi-Plane Toolpaths." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59438.

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This article discusses the concept of using an industrial robot arm platform for additive manufacturing. The concept being explored is the integration of existing additive manufacturing process technologies with an industrial robot arm to create a 3D printer with a multi-plane layering capability. The objective is to develop multi-plane toolpath motions that will leverage the increased capability of the robot arm platform compared to conventional gantry-style 3D printers. This approach enables print layering in multiple planes whereas existing conventional 3D printers are restricted to a single toolpath plane (e.g. x-y plane). This integration combines the fused deposition modeling techniques using an extruder head that is typically used in 3D printing and a 6 degree of freedom robot arm. Here, a Motoman SV3X is used as the platform for the robot arm. A higher level controller is used to control the robot and the extruder. To communicate with the robot, MotoCom SDK libraries is used to develop the interfacing software between the higher level controller and the robot arm controller. The integration of these systems enabled multi-plane toolpath motions to be utilized to produce 3D printed parts. A test block has been 3D printed using this integrated system.
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El-Mashad, Yehia, and Hesham A. Ali. "A novel approach for integrating and upgrading educational curricula through blended learning: a case study of faculty of artificial intelligence - Delta University." In Agria Média 2023 és ICI-17 Információ- és Oktatástechnológiai konferencia. Eszterházy Károly Katolikus Egyetem Líceum Kiadó, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17048/am.2023.112.

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Blended learning is a new approach to teaching. As the name suggests, it combines personalized instruction with an online learning environment. With this method, pupils have a certain degree of influence on their learning. The main objective of this paper is to present a case study of a new strategy to enhance and develop the curriculum of the Faculty of Artificial Intelligence - Delta University for Science and Technology (Egypt) by leveraging the content of the Coursera campus which provides over 5,000 + courses and over 80,000 specialized courses, professional certificates and directed projects. The article also studies and analyzes the impact of developing and raising the level of the educational process through blended learning. This paper introduces a new framework for integrating the courses of the College of Artificial Intelligence with one of the international platforms to provide distinguished scientific content. It also presents an evaluation of the proposed strategy to study the impact of integration and the new way of managing the course on student performance satisfaction and how the interaction study affects student satisfaction. The evaluation is based on the qualitative analysis of (student feedback and statistics values of the average distribution of skills mastery across skill areas and learner distribution and mastery of skills for the top 10 competencies across domains. Evaluation and analytical analysis depict that integrating accredited content and scholarly materials available on the Coursera campus provides students with strong learning experiences that benefit from blended methods. Moreover, Maximizing Impact via integration of online and on-campus content to provide students with robust learning experiences that leverage mixed modalities. Finally, the study demonstrates a favorable association between student happiness and performance, as well as a correlation between blended learning and students' better performance.
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Grover, Anurag, Saif Al Shamsi, J. Ahmed, Abrar Al Mesmari, L. Sandjivy, and Mickael Collet. "A Unified Modelling Approach using AI based Probabilistic Method to Address Structural Uncertainty in Carbonate Reservoirs." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/222014-ms.

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Structural uncertainty is the degree of variability or error in the interpretation of subsurface geology, especially the geometry and position of the reservoir. It affects the estimation of hydrocarbon volume and the design of the optimal field development plan. In complex and heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, structural uncertainty can be significant due to factors such as velocity variations, seismic resolution, multiple scenarios, and human bias. Therefore, it is crucial to have a robust and efficient workflow to quantify and reduce structural uncertainty using all available data sources. One of the challenges in conventional structural uncertainty workflows is the reliance on deterministic methods that often produce a single or few scenarios based on subjective assumptions and manual adjustments. These methods are time-consuming, inconsistent, and difficult to validate. Moreover, they do not account for the uncertainty in the seismic data quality and processing, which can propagate and affect the reservoir model. A more rigorous and objective approach is needed to capture the full range of possible structural outcomes and their probabilities. This study proposes an integrated stochastic structural workflow that leverages Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to generate multiple realizations of the reservoir structure and quantify their uncertainty. The workflow consists of four main steps: (1) generating an initial structural model based on seismic and well data, (2) applying an AI-based probabilistic method to estimate the combined uncertainty (horizon interpretation &amp; velocity) and its impact on the depth conversion, (3) performing a stochastic simulation to sample the combined uncertainty distribution and generate multiple depth-converted structural models, and (4) evaluating the structural uncertainty ranges and their implications for the reservoir characterization, volumes {Gross Rock Volume (GRV) &amp; Stock Tank Oil Initially In Place (STOIIP)}, and field development plan. The workflow is applied to a case study of heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East, and the results are compared with the conventional deterministic methods for capturing depth uncertainty.
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Skaggs, Paul. "Anticipate, Embrace, and Leverage Ambiguity." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002981.

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In his seminal book, Conceptual Blockbusting, James L. Adams states that an emotional block to creativity is the “inability to tolerate ambiguity . . . an overriding desire for order; and having no appetite for chaos.” Tolerance for ambiguity can be defined as the degree to which an individual is comfortable with uncertainty, unpredictability, conflicting directions, and multiple demands. Industrial designers work in ambiguous environments. Unfortunately, modern organizations are ordered around the principle of doing things that are efficient, repeatable, and reliable...the fundamental problem with trying to be creative is that it’s none of those things. Higher education is a modern organization that does not encourage students to develop a tolerance for ambiguity but strives to eliminate ambiguity from their educational experience. How one deals with uncertainty and the stress of an ambiguous situation is an important consideration in the life, education, and professional practice of industrial designers. An industrial design student with a low tolerance for ambiguity, who is seeking opportunities in the professional world, is bound to feel stress, anxiety, and frustration. This paper defines tolerance for ambiguity to create awareness of its influence on the success of students who are studying industrial design. Recognizing and developing opportunities for students to experience and practice ambiguous situations is important to student’s success as they move from the educational experience into professional life.
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Reports on the topic "Degree of Combined leverage"

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Shchurenko, Anastasia. PATENT PROTECTION OF MODERN SMART TECHNOLOGIES. Intellectual Archive, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.3045.

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FORMING THE BASIS OF A PATENT APPLICATION TO PROTECT THE TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING SMART COMPOSITE CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS AND HOMOGENIZED BEVERAGES. Using TRIZ and ARIZ analytical tools when preparing a provisional patent application to the US Patent Office. The specialization of the technical solution underlying the application is the production technology of composite confectionery products and smart combined food drinks (drinking emulsions) with a high degree of homogenization.
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Mateo-Berganza Díaz, María Mercedes, JungKyu Rhys Lim, Isabel Cardenas-Navia, and Karen Elzey. A World of Transformation: Moving from Degrees to Skills-Based Alternative Credentials. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004299.

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Postsecondary education is undergoing a period of profound change. One of the most significant changes is the emergence of skills-based, non-degree, alternative credentials as both complements and alternatives to traditional degrees. Several factors have combined to favor these shorter, less expensive, and more versatile ways to gain knowledge and skills for work. The factors include the rigidity and high cost of traditional degrees; the fact that traditional institutions are failing to equip many graduates with the skills they need; and the need to rapidly upskill and reskill workers to meet the increasingly complex demands of modern economies. This report summarizes evidence suggesting a decrease in the value of degrees as a signaling mechanism in the labor market. It also identifies the benefits of alternative, non-degree credentials and makes recommendations on ways to increase their value and acceptance in the market. It remains to be seen whether non-degree alternative credentials are a short-term strategy to close the skills gaps and deal with the transition to adaptive and qualified labor, or a permanent strategy of human capital development.
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Grubb, Michael. Navigating the crises in European energy: Price Inflation, Marginal Cost Pricing, and Principles for Electricity Market Redesign in an Era of Low-Carbon Transition. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp191.

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The energy crisis engulfing Europe is a crisis of both gas and electricity markets, with huge cost impacts on consumers across all European countries. In Britain, half of typical household energy expenditure arises from electricity. This paper examines how the cost of gas-powered generation feeds through to electricity bills, on the principle of marginal cost pricing, setting the price for most of the time though it accounts for only about 40% of GB generation. Combined with the steep decline in wind and solar costs over the past decade, this has resulted in an unprecedented degree of ‘cost inversion’ in the electricity system. We offer estimates of the increase of revenues across the wholesale market, and outline five principles for reform for addressing the combined challenges of energy costs and accelerating low-carbon transition.
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Gingerich, Daniel. Can Institutions Cure Clientelism?: Assessing the Impact of the Australian Ballot in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011486.

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This paper examines how the adoption of the Australian ballot (AB), and ipso facto, the transition from the nominal to effective secret vote, shaped the nature of party politics in Brazil. Engaging the literature on political clientelism, the impact of the AB on three outcomes is studied: 1) the ideological leanings of voters at the ballot box; 2) the degree of electoral control enjoyed by local vote brokers; and 3) the capacity of citizens to effectively participate in the electoral process. In order to get leverage on these issues, the paper utilizes an original dataset -painstakingly assembled from regional electoral archives- which contains municipal-level vote returns for federal deputy and senate contests during the period before and after the AB's introduction in Brazil (1958-1962). The dataset exploits the fact that the AB was introduced at different times in different states and for different offices in the country, thereby creating an unprecedented opportunity to assess the impact of this institution. Using a triple difference-in-difference procedure, the study finds that the AB: 1) shifted the ideological balance of power from Right to Left; 2) did not greatly weaken the hand of vote brokers; and 3) greatly increased the proportion of wasted votes cast in elections.
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Francini. L52319 Biaxial Loading of Corroded Casing Users Manual. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010578.

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Decisions by storage operators to repair or replace well casing with metal loss require an accurate assessment of the degree of metal loss and the ability to determine the effect of that loss on the remaining strength of the casing. A new generation of logging tools (developed with PRCI cofunding) has increased the ability to accurately size metal loss defects in casing. Prior work funded by PRCI has also included testing the remaining strength of casing with metal loss defects. This testing was performed on casing samples that were not subject to the tensile loads that typical well casing in service may experience. This is the user manual for an associated Excel spreadsheet to calculate the remaining strength of corroded casing under combined pressure and axial loads.
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Hernandez Martinez, Victor. Capital-Skill Complementarity in Manufacturing: Lessons from the US Shale Boom. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202412.

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This paper tests the existence of capital-skill complementarity in the manufacturing sector using quasi-experimental increases in the relative price of low-skill labor induced by the US shale boom. I find that in response to the shale boom, local manufacturing firms decreased their relative usage of low-skill labor while increasing their capital expenditures. These endogenous changes in the input mix allowed manufacturers to maintain the value added despite the increase in the price of low-skill labor, avoiding the potential short-term crowding-out effects of the natural resource boom. Combined with the findings of previous work, my results indicate that the degree of skill substitutable with capital in manufacturing has increased over the last several decades.
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Fitzlaff, Milan, Gibran Khoury, Moritz Käß, Martin Werz, Bernd Gundelsweiler, and Stefan Weihe. Investigations on injection mold inserts with reduced thermal masses using additive manufacturing. Universidad de los Andes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.gs.im.3.

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This work examined previously developed injection mold inserts with reduced thermal mass, with regard to lightweight construction approaches. These were optimised for oil-variothermal temperature control using simulative support. Additive manufacturing (AM), with its high degree of freedom in design, enables the implementation of individual, conformal cooling channels and can additionally support the efficiency of the variothermal process. The thermal mass of the injection mold is often a limiting factor in terms of process efficiency, which is also addressed in the analysis and optimisation considering the possibilities of additive manufacturing. A comparison of lightweight inserts with comparable variants made of solid material revealed a significant difference, with consideration of several tempering cycles. The validation of selected inserts confirmed the simulation. These investigations show that AM combined with lightweight construction approaches can support an additional increase in efficiency as well as a reduction in cycle times for the fluid-variothermal process control.
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Lahti, Yannick, and Emilia Palonen. The impact of the Russia–Ukraine war on right-wing populism in Finland. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0018.

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As Finland’s neighbour, Russia, attacked its neighbour, Ukraine, the response across the political spectrum in Finland was universal. All the parties underscored the importance of patriotism and sovereignty and messages of solidarity and support for Ukraine (alongside condemnation of Russia). Support for Putin or the war is basically non-existent in Finland. Still, the Finns Party (FP), which is part of the populist Radical Right milieu in Finland, polls extremely well. Moreover, groups combining anti-COVID-19 measures with pro-Putin leanings have registered as political parties in preparation for elections in spring 2023. Still, their combined support is in single digits. The concrete consequences of the war include a U-turn in foreign policy from long-standing neutrality to NATO membership, with all parties—including the FP—supporting the government’s pending application to join alongside neighbouring Sweden. Interestingly, as the conflict heated up in early 2022, “Niikkogate”—a scandal in which a parliamentary committee chair from the FP was replaced after tweeting pro-Kremlin sentiments—has indicated the degree of pro-Ukraine support across the political spectrum.
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White, Kelsey, and Amanda Rapoza. Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Acoustic monitoring report for Cades Cove and Cherokee Orchard roadways, 2023. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2312692.

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The Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division (NSNSD) received a request to collect baseline acoustical data on Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) roadways. Two acoustic monitoring stations were deployed during the summer (June/July) and winter (November/December) of 2023. The goal of the study was to conduct an acoustic inventory at these locations and to understand the degree to which vehicle noise in general, and specifically utility terrain vehicle (UTV) noise, may affect wildlife and visitor experience. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of Utility Terrain Vehicles (UTVs) within GRSM. The park has reported an uptick in complaints from visitors, employees, and park partners regarding their use in popular areas such as Cades Cove and Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail. As of 2024, GRSM does not regulate the use of these vehicles. Detailed sound source analysis shows road-based vehicles (all types combined) were audible an average of 57–59% of daytime hours during the summer season, while UTVs and motorcycles were audible 33–40% of daytime hours during the summer season. Hourly data show that the UTVs and motorcycles can be audible for 50% of a peak hour during the summer season and 10–20% of a peak hour during the winter season.
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Garciga, Christian L., Randal J. Verbrugge, and Saeed Zaman. The Effect of Component Disaggregation on Measures of the Median and Trimmed-Mean CPI. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202402.

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For decades, the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland (FRBC) has produced median and trimmed-mean consumer price index (CPI) measures. These have proven useful in various contexts, such as forecasting and understanding post-COVID inflation dynamics. Revisions to the FRBC methodology have historically involved increasing the level of disaggregation in the CPI components, which has improved accuracy. Thus, it may seem logical that further disaggregation would continue to enhance its accuracy. However, we theoretically demonstrate that this may not necessarily be the case. We then explore the empirical impact of further disaggregation along two dimensions: shelter and non-shelter components. We find that significantly increasing the disaggregation in the shelter indexes, when combined with only a slight increase in non-shelter disaggregation, improves the ability of the median and trimmed-mean CPI to track the medium-term trend in CPI inflation and marginally increases predictive power over future movements in CPI inflation. Finally, we examine the practical implications of our preferred degree of disaggregation. Our preferred measure of the median CPI suggests that trend inflation was lower pre-pandemic, while both our preferred median and trimmed-mean measures suggest a faster acceleration in trend inflation in 2021. We also find that higher disaggregation marginally weakens the Phillips curve relationship between median CPI inflation and the unemployment gap, though it remains statistically significant.
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