Relevant bibliographies by topics / Degree of saturation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Degree of saturation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Degree of saturation"

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El Mir, Abdulkader, Gáspár Balczó, and Salem Georges Nehme. "Effect of saturation degree of recycled aggregates on concrete properties." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 67, no. 2 (2015): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2015.9.

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Kazemiroodsari, Hadi, Mishac K. Yegian, Akram N. Alshawabkeh, and Seda Gokyer. "Electric Conductivity Probes to Study Change in Degree of Saturation - Bench Top Laboratory Tests." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019503016.

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Sand characteristics such as liquefaction susceptibility can be affected as a result of change in degree of saturation of sand. New liquefaction mitigation technique by inducing partial saturation in sands is introduced by Yegian et al in 2007[1]. This technique requires to monitor changes in degree of saturation of sand. By nature, changes in degree of saturation of sand can lead in changes in its electric conductivity. Electric conductivity is the property of a material that represents its ability to conduct electric current. Fully saturated sand can conduct electric current better than sand with lower degree of saturation. Therefore, the change in measured electric conductivity can be used to calculate the change in degree of saturation of sand. In 1942, Gus Archie [2] expressed that the electric conductivity of soil is a function of its porosity, degree of saturation, tortuosity and electric conductivity of pore fluid. Using Archie’s law electrical conductivity can be related to the degree of saturation in sands. Typically, electric conductivity probes and meters are instruments which are used to measure electric conductivity. Using electrical conductivity probes, sets of bench top tests were conducted on Ottawa sand to study the relation between degree of saturation and electric conductivity in sand. Partial saturation in sands were created by pouring dry sand into sodium percarbonate solution with a known initial concentration. By nature, sodium percarbonate in water, generates oxygen gas bubbles in time. The changes in electric conductivity in the specimen were measured using electric conductivity meters and probes. In addition, changes in degree of saturation of the specimen were measured using soil phase relations equations. Measured electric conductivity data and calculated degree of saturations were correlated to explore relation between electric conductivity and degree of saturation. This paper presents results of bench top tests, and suggests a relationship between, final degree of saturation of sand and initial concentration of sodium percarbonate solution
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Song, Xin Jiang, and Wei Wang. "Experiment Study on Shearing Property of Soil-Concrete Interface with Improved Simple Shear Apparatus." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.59.

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Soil saturation degree plays an important role in mechanic behavior of soil-concrete interface. Laboratory experiments are conducted on soil-concrete interfaces by using improved simple shear apparatus, where three soil saturation degrees and five normal stresses are taken into accounted, respectively. The experiment data show that failure of the interface still satisfies the Mohr-Coulomb criterion under fixed soil saturation degree. With higher soil saturation degree, both shear strength and friction angle of the interface decrease monotonously, but cohesion force of the interface first increases and then decreases after reaching a peak value. When soil saturation degree increases, failure position of the interface moves from concrete surface to soil inner part.
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Parera, Ferran, Núria Pinyol, and Eduardo Alonso. "Image-based measurements of degree of saturation." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019503010.

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A method based on SWIR images is proposed for measuring the degree of saturation in soils. This method is especially suitable for use in experiments conducted in the facilities of a common geotechnical laboratory. The method uses images on the short-wave infrared (SWIR) (wavelength: 1400– 1550 nm), which is highly absorbed by water compared with the other bands of the light spectrum (visible and near-infrared). The paper presents the basis of the method and the procedure to measure the degree of saturation in a massive and non-invasive way. A relation curve to transform the pixel intensity values to the degree of saturation is provided for samples of a beach sand. The non-linearity of this curve is discussed and related to the optical path length.
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Li, Jinpeng, Hong Xu, Lichuan Chen, Boyi Li, Dan Liang, Shicong Ren, Shilei Zhang, and Jun Wang. "Effect of Saturation Degree on Mechanical Behaviors of Shallow Unsaturated Expansive Soils." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 14617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114617.

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In the southwest of China, there are widely distributed expansive soils. However, to save costs and manage the speed of construction, these shallow expansive soils are often filled with subgrade materials. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly understand the mechanical behaviors of unmodified shallow expansive soils. Current research on the mechanical behaviors of shallow expansive soils is mainly focused on shear and compressive strengths but rarely on the tensile strength since general tests are costly, time consuming, and difficult to conduct. Therefore, uniaxial tensile, unconfined compression and direct shear tests were carried out to study the mechanical behavior of shallow unsaturated expansive soils under different saturation degrees, and the tests analyzed the change mechanism of its mechanical behavior. The following were found: (1) with an increase in saturation degree, the uniaxial tensile strength, unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, cohesive force, and internal friction angle first increased and then decreased; (2) when the saturation degree increased from 18.7% to the saturation degree corresponding to the peak, the uniaxial tensile strength, unconfined compressive strength, cohesive force, and internal friction angle increased by about 11 times, 3.24 times, 2.34 times, and 0.52 times, respectively; (3) when the saturation degree increased from the saturation degree corresponding to the peak to 80.3%, they decreases by about 42%, 51.4%, 36%, and 50%, respectively; (4) with the increase in dry density, the saturation degree corresponding to the peak of uniaxial tensile strength gradually increased, while the saturation degree corresponding to the peak of unconfined compressive and shear strength did not significantly change.
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Pollock, David D., and John C. Larkin. "Estimating the Degree of Saturation in Mutant Screens." Genetics 168, no. 1 (September 2004): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.103.024430.

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Johnson, G. B. "Degree of corona saturation for HVDC transmission lines." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 5, no. 2 (April 1990): 695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.53072.

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Serianni, Richard, Jed Barash, Timothy Bentley, Pushpa Sharma, John L. Fontana, Darin Via, Jochen Duhm, Rolf Bunger, and Paul D. Mongan. "Porcine-specific hemoglobin saturation measurements." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00710.2002.

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The determination of O2consumption by using arteriovenous O2content differences is dependent on accurate oxyhemoglobin saturation measurements. Because swine are a common experimental species, we describe the validation of CO-oximeter for porcine-specific oxyhemoglobin saturation. After developing a nonlinear mathematical model of the porcine oxyhemoglobin saturation curve, we made 366 porcine oxyhemoglobin saturation determinations with a calibrated blood-gas analyzer and a porcine-specific CO-oximeter. There was a high degree of correlation with minimal variability ( r2= 0.99, SE of the estimate = 5.2%) between the mathematical model and the porcine-specific CO-oximeter measurements. Bland-Altman comparison showed that the CO-oximeter measurements were biased slightly lower (−0.4 vol%), and the limits of agreement (±2 SD) were 0.7 and −1.5 vol%. This is in contrast to a 10–20 vol% error if human-specific methods were used. The results show excellent agreement between the nonlinear model and CO-oximeter for porcine-specific oxyhemoglobin saturation measurements. In contrast, comparison of the porcine-specific oxyhemoglobin saturations with saturations obtained by using human methods highlights the necessity of species-specific measurement methodology.
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Le, Van Tuan, Yong Lai Zheng, and Shu Xin Deng. "Testing for the Influence of the Degree of Water Saturation of Concrete upon Chloride Diffusivity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2639.

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In order to estimate the impact of the degree of water saturation of concrete to chloride ion diffusion coefficient, the experimental setup allows to measure chloride diffusion coefficient through nonsaturated concrete specimens with controlled degree of water saturated. The different degrees of water saturation of concrete specimens were obtained, by using saturated solutions of NaCl and KCl controlling the relative humidity, then applied Rapid Cloride Permeability Test method to measure the cloride diffusion coefficient. The test results show that chloride diffusion coefficient depends strongly on the degree of water saturation of concrete. Beside, this relationship shows the non-linear relationship, in which, chloride diffusion coefficient reachs the maximum value in fully saturated concrete specimens.
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Lim, P. C., S. L. Barbour, and D. G. Fredlund. "The influence of degree of saturation on the coefficient of aqueous diffusion." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 811–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-045.

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The role of degree of saturation on the coefficient of diffusion of contaminants in the aqueous phase is presented and theoretical models for predicting the coefficient of diffusion at any degree of saturation are described. Three predictive models were developed based on three different diffusion modes: diffusion in parallel and series arrangements and combination of both. Diffusion tests were conducted on a sand at various water contents ranging from saturation to the residual degree of saturation using potassium and chloride ions as tracers to verify the applicability of the models. Results from the diffusion tests showed a decrease in effective diffusion coefficient of potassium with a decrease in degree of saturation. The functional relationship between the normalized diffusion coefficient for potassium and the degree of saturation is slightly nonlinear. The results for chloride also showed a decreasing trend, although the data were quite scattered and further verification is needed. Model verification based on the results for potassium showed that among the three models proposed, the model which combines the diffusion pathways in parallel and series arrangements provides the best fit to the experimental data.Key words: unsaturated, contaminant transport, aqueous diffusion, degree of saturation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Degree of saturation"

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Barbour, Michele Emily. "Human tooth enamel dissolution in citric acid as a function of degree of saturation and pH." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272036.

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Edwards, Cristie LeAnne. "Effect of Synthetic Chelating Agent Application to Soils on Phosphorus Availability." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23690.

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Fertilizer phosphorus (P) can become unavailable to crops due to immobilization of P in acidic soils through forming chemical bonds with iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) amorphous oxides.  Organic chelating agents form strong bonds with metals in soil and may reduce P binding with Fe and Al.  Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine triacetic acid (HEEDTA), gluconic acid (GA), and citric acid (CA) were tested to determine their influence on water-soluble P (WSP), Mehlich-1 P and Mehlich-3 P in Loam and Sand soils fertilized with P and incubated for 49 days.  Soil P sorption capacity (PSC) was estimated from an oxalate extraction of Fe and Al, and chelates were applied at rates of 90 percent of the PSC.  The EDTA, HEEDTA, and CA significantly (P<0.05) reduced P sorption in the Loam and Sand when measured by WSP.  In soils without P fertilizer added, EDTA and HEEDTA significantly increased WSP, Mehlich-1, and Mehlich-3 P concentrations.  EDTA and HEEDTA were also applied at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 percent PSC to produce a rate response curve for WSP in a second soil incubation.  With increasing chelating rate, there was a linear increase in WSP for both soils, thus indicating higher rates of chelating agents were most efficient at decreasing P sorption.
EDTA and HEEDTA were also tested in a 4-week greenhouse study for efficiency at increasing plant available P to corn (Zea mays L.) in two soils.  Phosphorus was added with and without the addition of chelating agents to the center of the pot, simulating a starter band of P.  After 4weeks, soils were analyzed for WSP, Mehlich-1, and Mehlich-3 P and corn above- and below-ground biomass was quantified and analyzed for total P concentration.  Without the presence of chelating agents, concentrations of WSP, Mehlich-1 P, Mehlich-3 P, above- and below-ground biomass, and TKP increased linearly as P fertilizer rates increased at 0, 9.6, 19.3, 28.9, and 38.5 kg P ha-1.  Decreased P sorption using chelating agents was not observed in this experiment.  However, with the results from the soil incubation, chelating agents do show potential for increasing plant available P, but the application and incorporation method needs to be further studied.

Master of Science
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Lopez, Jose Pantoja. "Lactation performance and fatty acid digestibility by cows fed fats differing in degree of saturation, esterification, and chain length /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487862399450065.

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Torpner, Jessie. "Evaluation of degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) and easily soluble P in top- and subsoil as a predictor for P-leaching." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-376875.

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Eutrophication has long been an environmental problem and the effects from fertilizingarable land is a known source. The degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS)and easily soluble phosphorus (P) are different variables used in different countriesto try to predict the leaching of P from soils. The purpose of this master thesiswas to investigate what variable can be used as a predictor for leached P from soilsand to investigate what extent P leaching from the topsoil can be readsorbed inthe subsoil. The extraction method used for DPS was the Swedish standard lactateextraction and for easily soluble P were distilled water, CaCl2-solution and artificialrainwater with recipe from SMHI used. Three different soils in Sweden were used,two arable soils with different chemical properties and one forest soil. The soilswere filtered (2 mm) and put into columns since the texture was of interest ratherthan the structure. CaCl2-solution was used to saturate the samples and artificialrainwater was used for irrigation. The results showed that easily soluble P is areasonable indicator for leached P and that the subsoil affects the total leachingof P. However, no significant correlation was found between DPS and leached P,indicating that it may not be a suitable indicator of leaching. On the other hand,DPS can be seen as a reasonable indicator for easily soluble P since the correlationtest showed almost significant correlation. The results also showed that the electricconductivity in the leachate correlates to the leached P for the arable soils. For amore reliable result, more soils should be analyzed during more days.
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Bajwa, Tariq Mahmood. "Experimental Characterization of the Thermal, Hydraulic and Mechanical (THM) Properties of Compost Based Landfill Covers." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20518.

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Landfills are considered to be one of the major sources of anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions in the environment. A landfill biocover system optimizes environmental conditions for biotic CH4 consumption that controls the fugitive and residual emissions from landfills. A compost material has more oxidation potential in comparison to any other material due to its high porosity, organic content, free flux for gases and water holding capacity. Thermal, hydraulic, bio – chemical and mechanical (THMCB) properties are important factors that can significantly affect the performance of biocover material with regards to CH4 oxidation potential as well as structural stability. Technical data on the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical (THM) properties of compost based biocover materials are quite limited. Hence, a detailed experimental program has been carried out at the University of Ottawa to study the THM properties and behaviour of compost biocover material by conducting experimental tests on small compost samples as well as by performing column experiments. The test results indicate that lower water content (dry of optimum for compaction curve) shows more free air space (FAS) in comparison to higher water content. The compost has almost the same shear strength for various initial water contents and dry unit weights; however, it settles and swells more at higher water content than lower water content per mechanical test results. The thermal and hydraulic properties of compost are a function of the compaction degree in addition to various other parameters. It is also found that the THM properties of compost are strongly coupled and the degree of saturation greatly affects the FAS.
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Alali, Firas [Verfasser], and Ugur [Akademischer Betreuer] Yaramanci. "The Influence of Porosity, Saturation Degree, Clay Content and Pore Water Conductivity on NMR and SIP Parameters / Firas Alali. Betreuer: Ugur Yaramanci." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018764933/34.

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Badetti, Michel. "Rhéologie des matériaux granulaires non saturés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1020/document.

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Nous reportons dans ce travail le comportement mécanique, dans le régime solide et en écoulement, de matériaux granulaires liés par un liquide non saturant, qui intervient par sa viscosité et par des effets capillaires. De tels matériaux, intermédiaires entre les assemblages granulaires secs et les suspensions très concentrées, sont étudiés expérimentalement et par simulations discrètes depuis la microstructure jusqu'au comportement macroscopique. Ainsi, on adopte une démarche multi-échelle, dont l’objectif est d’établir les fondements de la compréhension des phénomènes capillaires et/ou visqueux, qui interviennent dans la formulation de lois de comportement, et d'y intégrer une caractérisation de la microstructure de ces matériaux. Nous nous intéressons notamment au modèle d'interactions capillaire et visqueuse par ponts simples, dans un cadre où l'on fait varier l'inertie, le degré de confinement, le degré de friction du matériau ainsi que la quantité de liquide introduite. Pour répondre à cet objectif, ce travail de thèse s’articule autour des trois volets suivants :- Un travail de rhéologie expérimentale macroscopique sur matériau modèle (billes de polystyrènes monodisperses, mouillées avec une huile de silicone newtonienne) qui nous permet de délimiter des régimes d'écoulement et de caractériser l'influence de l'effet cohésif. Le format expérimental adopté nous permet de cisailler les échantillons sur des temps très longs et d'atteindre des régimes d'écoulement stationnaires. Ainsi, à l'instar des matériaux secs, on retrouve des régimes quasistatiques puis inertiels à mesure que la vitesse d'écoulement augmente. On met aussi en avant une très forte influence de l'effet cohésif qui tend à augmenter drastiquement la résistance au cisaillement et à diminuer la compacité de nos échantillons.- Des expériences de microtomographie à rayons X qui permettent d'étudier la microstructure à l'état statique. On remarque notamment une bonne homogénéité des échantillons, qu'ils soient faiblement ou fortement saturés. On détecte aussi un nombre non-négligeable de morphologies capillaires complexes, ce qui, par comparaison aux résultats de rhéologie macroscopique, ne semble pas influencer les propriétés d'écoulement. Ce résultat est particulièrement intéressant puisqu’il montre la capacité du modèle d’interactions par pont simple à décrire le comportement de systèmes à priori hors de sa portée descriptive.- Des simulations numériques discrètes qui nous permettent d'élargir fortement la gamme de paramètres étudiés, notamment avec des caractéristiques du matériau comme la friction de Coulomb. L'étude micromécanique, permise par les simulations, autorise aussi l'analyse des questions d'anisotropie, de coordination et de contraintes capillaires. On met en avant l'importance des interactions capillaires à distance lors de l'utilisation d'un modèle de contraintes effectives. Les limites de ce modèle, usuellement adapté à la description du comportement en régime quasi-statique, sont aussi testées et discutées dans le régime inertiel. La bonne concordance entre résultats expérimentaux et numériques nous aura permis de valider et calibrer un modèle numérique qui, en retour, aura donc fourni une analyse viable des effets microstructurels pour la compréhension du comportement et la transition de l'échelle microscopique à l'échelle macroscopique
With this doctoral research, we report on the solid and liquid-like mechanical behaviors of wet granular materials, which exhibit viscous and capillary effects. Such systems, standing between dry and immersed granular materials, are studied both in experiments and discrete numerical simulations, from the microstructural aspects to the mechanical behavior. We therefore adopt a multiscale approach whose purposes are to understand the origins and roles of capillary and viscous effects in constitutive laws and to include a microstructural description within these laws. We are interested in the simple bridge model for the illustration of viscous and capillary effects in the case of quasistatic and inertial flows, where the confining forces, the Coulomb friction and the liquid quantity can vary. To answer such questions, this thesis is articulated around the 3 following topics :- A study based on macroscopic rheological experiments with a simple model material (monodisperse polystyrene beads, wetted with a Newtonian silicon oil) which enables us to distinguish the flow regimes and to characterize the influence of cohesive effects. The experimental framework allows for long time shearing experiments, where the materials can reach their steady state behavior. Alike dry systems, wet granular materials still exhibit a quasistatic and an inertial regime with increasing flow velocity. We show the noticeable influence of capillary effects which strongly increases the shear resistance and reduces the materials density.- X-ray microtomographic experiments enabling the microstructural study of static samples. We witness a good homogeneity of our samples whether slightly or strongly saturated. A non-negligible number of very complex capillary bonds were detected, which stresses, when compared with macroscopic rheological results, their lack of influence on the flow properties. This result is very noticeable as it demonstrates the ability of the simple bridge model to illustrate the behavior of materials which would not be included a priori within its reach.- Discrete numerical simulations allowing us to strongly improve the range of the parameters of the study, especially in the case of material characteristics such as Coulomb friction. The micromechanical study emerging from simulations, allows us to analyze anisotropy, coordination and capillary stresses questions. We underline the great importance of long-range capillary interactions when using an effective stress model. The limits of such model, usually adopted to describe the behavior in the quasistatic regime, are also tested and debated in the inertial regime. The good agreement between numerical and experimental results enabled us to validate and calibrate a numerical model which, in return, offered a reliable analysis of microstructural effects for the understanding of the mechanical behavior and for the transition from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale
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Fischer, Peter. "The degree of phosphorus saturation of agricultural soils in Brazil and Germany: New approaches for risk assessment of diffuse phosphorus losses and soil phosphorus management." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19589.

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Diffuse Phosphor (P)-Austräge aus der Landwirtschaft tragen zur Gewässereutrophierung bei. Der Phosphorsättigungsgrad (DPS) ist ein etablierter Parameter, um das P-Austragsrisiko aus Böden zu erfassen. Ein bodentypunabhängiger Ansatz, der die Abschätzung des DPS durch eine einfache Standardmethode wasserlöslichen P (WSP) ermöglicht (WSP-DPS-Ansatz), wurde an europäischen Böden entwickelt. In der Dissertation wurde dieser Ansatz erstmalig: i) an tropischen Böden getestet und ii) dazu verwendet P-Austragsrisiken von Boden-P-Monitoringdaten und von landwirtschaftlichen Institutionen empfohlenen P-Gehalten abzuleiten. Neben dem DPS wurde der Einfluss der in Brasilien gängigen anorganischen Oberflächendüngung auf das Austragsrisiko mittels Laboranalysen und Feldstudien erfasst. Die Bodentypunabhängigkeit des WSP-DPS-Ansatzes wurde für Böden Brasiliens bestätigt. Infrarotspektroskopische Analysen lieferten eine Erklärung für relativ niedrige gelöste P-Konzentrationen im Oberflächenabfluss von Oxisols. Pedotransferfunktionen zwischen WSP und Methoden, die in Brasilien und Deutschland zur Abschätzung pflanzenverfügbaren P verwendet werden, ermöglichten die Berechnung von DPS-Werten aus Monitoringdaten. Erste DPS-Karten zeigten relative geringe Austragsrisiken für das Untersuchungsgebiet in Brasilien und hohe Risiken für Deutschland, die teilweise durch unterschiedliche empfohlene Boden-P-Gehalte erklärbar waren. Um mit einer einfachen und kosteneffizienten Methode sowohl die landwirtschaftliche Produktion als auch den Gewässerschutz zu berücksichtigen, wurden die Wasser- und CaCl2-Methode zur Abschätzung von pflanzenverfügbarem P mit dem WSP-DPS-Ansatz kombiniert. Dieser Ansatz könnte helfen die Herausforderungen zu lösen mit denen die Menschheit in den nächsten Jahrzehnten bezüglich P in der Landwirtschaft konfrontiert sein wird: Einer effizienten Nutzung der limitierten Ressource P und dem Schutz der Gewässer vor diffusen P-Einträgen.
Diffuse phosphorus (P) losses from agriculture contribute to the eutrophication of surface waters. The degree of P saturation (DPS) is an established parameter for assessing the risk of P loss from agricultural soils. A soil type-independent approach for estimating the DPS by a simple standard method of water-soluble phosphorus (WSP; the WSP-DPS approach) was developed on European soils. In the thesis, the WSP-DPS approach was for the first time: i) tested on tropical soils and ii) used to derive P loss risks from soil P monitoring data and from recommended soil P levels by agricultural institutions. In addition to DPS, laboratory analyses and field studies were combined to assess the risk of P loss associated with the superficial application of inorganic fertilizer, which is commonly used in Brazil. The soil type-independency of the WSP-DPS approach was confirmed for soils of Brazil. Infrared spectroscopic analyses provided an explanation for the relatively low dissolved P concentrations in the surface runoff of Oxisols. Pedotransfer functions were determined between WSP and methods used to estimate plant-available P in Brazil and Germany and allowed for the transformation of soil P monitoring data into DPS values. The first DPS maps revealed relatively low P loss risks for the investigation area in Brazil and high risks for Germany. This difference was partly explainable by the recommended soil P levels in the two countries. To consider both agricultural production and the protection of surface waters in soil P management with a simple and cost-effective method, the soil test methods of using water and CaCl2 to estimate plant-available P and the WSP-DPS approach were combined. This approach could help to solve the challenges humanity faces regarding P in agriculture in the coming decades: An efficient use of the limited resource P and the protection of surface waters from diffuse P losses.
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Åkerström, Erika. "Korsningen Industrigatan-Östgötagatan i Linköping : analys och åtgärder." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2480.

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Trafiksystemet i Linköpings tätort bygger på två ringar, Y-ringen (yttre) och C- ringen (centrum), vilkas syfte är att avlasta stadens olika centrala delar. Den signalreglerade korsningen Industrigatan-Östgötagatan är en del av den så kallade Y-ringen och under vissa tider på dygnet finns det risk för köbildning. Antalet inkommande fordon i korsningen uppgick år 1999 till ca 28 000 per dygn och idag uppgår antalet till någonstansmellan 30 400-32 400 fordon/dygn.

Kommunen har planer på att på att etablera ett bostadsområde i Övre Vasastaden, vilket kan komma att påverka trafikmängderna i den studerade korsningen. En garanterad orsak till ökade trafikmängder är det faktum att Linköping ständigt ökar i invånarantal, med ökad folkmängd ökar även trafiken. Storleken på trafikökningen finns prognostiserad i olika trafikprognoser och dessa visar att när staden har 150 000 respektive 180 000 invånare kommer det inkommande flödet i aktuell korsning uppgå till ca 35 000 respektive ca 40 000 fordon/dygn. Framtida kö- och framkomlighetsproblem är därmed en realitet.

Med stöd av effektberäkningsprogrammet Capcal presenteras tre olika förslag på åtgärder där framkomlighetsproblemen undviks. Alternativ 1 innebär modifiering av trafiksignalerna och en förbjuden vänstersväng, alternativ 2 är en rund cirkulationsplats och alternativ 3 motsvaras av en oval cirkulationsplats. I de två sistnämnda alternativen föreslås även fyra alternativa lösningar för gång- och cykeltrafik.

En jämförelse mellan de olika alternativen visar att de ”bästa” effektmåtten erhålls vid alternativ 3 även om resultaten i alternativ 2 nästan är lika ”bra”. Däremot om kommunens prognoser skulle slå fel med 10 %, dvs om trafiken skulle öka med 10 % mer än beräknat, skulle endast alternativ 1 visa på godkända värden. Resonemanget kring rekommendationer av alternativ har delvis gjorts utifrån de framräknade effektmåtten men även med tanke på trafiksäkerheten för både de oskyddade trafikanterna och fordonstrafikanterna.

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Rodrigues, Felipe Trez. "Medição do grau de saturação e a difusão de íons cloreto em concretos executados com cimento de alta resistência inicial." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2009. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/3432.

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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, Escola de Engenharia, 2009.
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A durabilidade do concreto armado é objeto de estudo e preocupação de pesquisadores e engenheiros de diversos países. Objetivando a maior precisão na previsão de vida útil das estruturas de concreto armado, alguns pesquisadores desenvolveram métodos de ensaio, buscando a influência do grau de saturação (GS) na difusão de íons cloreto, comprovando que o valor do GS está ligado diretamente à penetração de cloretos no interior de estruturas próximas à atmosfera marinha. Neste trabalho, foi verificada a variação do grau de saturação para concretos executados com cimento de alta resistência inicial e resistente a sulfato e a influência desta variação na difusão dos íons cloreto, sendo criado, assim, um modelo. Para estabelecer o mencionado modelo, foram moldados corpos de prova com diferentes traços de concreto, contaminados com cloretos, expostos a diferentes graus de saturação e analisados quanto ao teor de cloretos em cada camada de cada corpo de prova. Analisando-se estes perfis, obteve-se o coeficiente de difusão para os graus de saturação de cada traço. Com a moldagem de outros corpos de prova de traços semelhantes aos executados anteriormente e exposição a diferentes orientações solares, foi possível a comparação do grau de saturação com estação do ano, posicionamento geográfico e posição da superfície exposta em relação à superfície de concretagem. De posse dos dados obtidos a partir desses objetivos parciais, foi atingido o objetivo principal, obtendo-se um modelo, ou nomograma, capaz de possibilitar a obtenção do coeficiente de redução do coeficiente de difusão do concreto em função do grau de saturação a partir da resistência estimada do concreto executado com cimento ARI-RS.
The reinforced concrete’s durability is highly studied and also an important concern of researches and engineers from many countries. It’s already proved that the index value is directly bound to chloride’s penetration in the interior of structures near by marine’s atmosphere. Aiming a higher accuracy in forecast of armed concrete’s structures service life, test’s methods were developed by some researchers, with the purpose of seek for the influence of saturation degree on the diffusion of chloride’s ions, proving that the saturation’s degree’s value is directly linked with the chlorides penetration inside structures near the marine atmosphere. On this research, the variation of the saturation degree with the concrete made with high-early strength cement and it’s influence on the diffusion of chloride’s ions were verified, being created then, a model. In order to establish the mentioned model,test specimens were molded with different mixes of concrete which were contaminated with chlorides and also exposed to different saturation degrees and analyzed according to the chlorides content in each layer of each test specimen. By analyzing these profiles, was obtained the diffusion coefficient. By molding other test specimens with similar mixes to the previously made ones and exposing them to different solar orientations, it was able to compare saturation degree, seasons of the year, geographic position and exposed surface position according to the concrete casting surface. Having the data obtained from these partial points, the main point was reached, obtained a model or nomogram capable to give the obtaining of reduction coefficient of diffusion coefficient according to the saturation degree from the estimated strength of concrete made with high-early strength sulfate-resistant cement.
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Books on the topic "Degree of saturation"

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Degrees of Givenness: On Saturation in Jean-Luc Marion. Indiana University Press, 2014.

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Degrees of Givenness: On Saturation in Jean-Luc Marion. Indiana University Press, 2014.

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Dienstag, Joshua Foa. Cinema Pessimism. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190067717.001.0001.

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Cinema Pessimism uses the medium of film to explore the dilemmas of democratic representation. When is representation an aid to democracy, and when is it an obstacle? Why are democratic populations so perpetually dissatisfied with their representatives? An exploration of film representation gives us a unique standpoint from which to answer these and other questions. Representation contains dangers for democracy, including its ability to foster illusions of power and freedom in a citizenry rather than genuine autonomy. Film itself can be a powerful political narcotic, suppressing rather than expressing the humanity that is supposed to flourish in democracy. Most popular films today, like many elected representatives, frustrate and interrupt democracy rather than sustain it. In its best form, however, representation, both filmic and political, can add something irreplaceable to our political life. Democratic citizens are hard to represent because human beings only reveal themselves over time. Representing them thus holds special challenges that this work explores. Great representatives and great representations are rare, but when they do appear, they enhance our politics by sustaining the reciprocity and equality that are at the heart of any well-ordered human society. We can draw these lessons from films even as we resist the increasing saturation of modern life with representations that distract or degrade us.
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Book chapters on the topic "Degree of saturation"

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Farah, Ilijas. "Degree-1 Saturation." In Springer Monographs in Mathematics, 367–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27093-3_15.

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Trabelsi, Houcem. "Evaporation Rate Dependence with Saturation Degree." In Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, 173–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61905-7_15.

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Higgins, Kent E., Kenneth Knoblauch, Monique S. Roy, Edmond Thall, Ralph Gunkel, and Francisco M. de Monasterio. "Saturation Discrimination and the Degree of Diabetic Retinopathy." In Colour Vision Deficiencies IX, 243–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2695-0_29.

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Rocchi, I., L. Tonni, G. Gottardi, and M. Marcolongo. "Experimental procedure for checking the saturation degree of piezocone tips." In Cone Penetration Testing 2022, 209–13. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003308829-24.

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Rocchi, I., L. Tonni, G. Gottardi, and M. Marcolongo. "Experimental procedure for checking the saturation degree of piezocone tips." In Cone Penetration Testing 2022, 210–14. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003329091-24.

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Qiu, X. Y., X. Xiong, T. Tsunemoto, S. Okino, and F. Zhang. "Mechanical Behavior of Unsaturated Masado Under Constant-Degree-of-Saturation Condition." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Multi-physics Processes in Soil Mechanics and Advances in Geotechnical Testing, 30–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0095-0_3.

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Tran, Khai Hoan, Saber Imanzadeh, Said Taibi, and Duy Lam Dao. "Liquefaction Behavior of Dense Sand Relating to the Degree of Saturation." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 879–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2184-3_114.

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Ter-Martirosyan, Armen, and Ahmad Othman. "Simulation of Effects the Degree of Water-Saturation on Stress–Strain State." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 163–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79983-0_15.

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Ventini, Roberta, Alessandro Flora, Stefania Lirer, and Claudio Mancuso. "On the Effect of Grading and Degree of Saturation on Rockfill Volumetric Deformation." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 462–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21359-6_49.

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Khan, K. A., Sukanta Das, and B. K. Maheshwari. "Effect of Degree of Saturation on Dynamic Properties of Solani Sand in Small Strain." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 223–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6564-3_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Degree of saturation"

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Zhang, Fan, Peng Cheng, Jiming Chen, Youxian Sun, and Xuemin Shen. "Distributed Saturation Degree Based TDMA Scheduling Algorithm for Target Tracking." In ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2011.5962518.

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Lloret-Cabot, Martí, Simon J. Wheeler, and Marcelo Sánchez. "Normal Compression Planar Surfaces for Specific Volume and Degree of Saturation." In Second Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481684.039.

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Sharma, Radhey S., and Mostafa H. A. Mohamed. "Evolution of Degree of Saturation and Suction Relationships under Dynamic Flow." In Fourth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40802(189)124.

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Hu, Jiaming, Stephan Trenn, and Xiaojin Zhu. "Funnel Control for Relative Degree One Nonlinear Systems With Input Saturation." In 2022 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc55457.2022.9837979.

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Guimar�es, A. "Chloride diffusion and the influence of the saturation degree of the concrete." In Third International RILEM Workshop on Testing and Modelling Chloride Ingress into Concrete. RILEM Publications SARL, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2912143578.016.

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Costabel, S., F. Alali, and U. Yaramanci. "Dependency of NMR Relaxation Behavior from Water Saturation Degree in Loose Sediments." In Near Surface 2009 - 15th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20147011.

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Siemens, G. A., and R. A. Beddoe. "Spatial Resolution of Degree of Saturation Measurements in Unsaturated Transparent Soil Experiments." In Second Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481677.009.

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Ma, Sh, M. Huang, Q. Fan, X. Zhang, and P. Hu. "Model for Prediction of Shear Strength with Respect to Degree of Saturation." In GeoShanghai International Conference 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41103(376)2.

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Andrade, Carmen. "Generic relations between degree of saturation of concrete, resistivity and corrosion rate." In 1st Corrosion and Materials Degradation Web Conference. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmdwc2021-09895.

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Jatmika, Bambang, Miptahul Pallah, Nuriya Akmaliyah, Ardi Sardi, Rezha Firdaus Kusuma Barkah, and Ir Agus Darmawan. "The Evaluation on the Saturation Degree on Pelabuhan II Street of Sukabumi City." In 2018 International Conference on Computing, Engineering, and Design (ICCED). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icced.2018.00048.

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Reports on the topic "Degree of saturation"

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Kinikles, Dellena, and John McCartney. Hyperbolic Hydro-mechanical Model for Seismic Compression Prediction of Unsaturated Soils in the Funicular Regime. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/yunw7668.

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A semi-empirical elasto-plastic constitutive model with a hyperbolic stress-strain curve was developed with the goal of predicting the seismic compression of unsaturated sands in the funicular regime of the soil-water retention curve (SWRC) during undrained cyclic shearing. Using a flow rule derived from energy considerations, the evolution in plastic volumetric strain (seismic compression) was predicted from the plastic shear strains of the hysteretic hyperbolic stress-strain curve. The plastic volumetric strains are used to predict the changes in degree of saturation from phase relationships and changes in pore air pressure from Boyle’s and Henry’s laws. The degree of saturation was used to estimate changes in matric suction from the transient scanning paths of the SWRC. Changes in small-strain shear modulus estimated from changes in mean effective stress computed from the constant total stress and changes in pore air pressure, degree of saturation and matric suction, in turn affect the hyperbolic stress-strain curve’s shape and the evolution in plastic volumetric strain. The model was calibrated using experimental shear stress-strain backbone curves from drained cyclic simple shear tests and transient SWRC scanning path measurements from undrained cyclic simple shear tests. Then the model predictions were validated using experimental data from undrained cyclic simple shear tests on unsaturated sand specimens with different initial degrees of saturation in the funicular regime. While the model captured the coupled evolution in hydro-mechanical variables (pore air pressure, pore water pressure, matric suction, degree of saturation, volumetric strain, effective stress, shear modulus) well over the first 15 cycles of shearing, the predictions were less accurate after continued cyclic shearing up to 200 cycles. After large numbers of cycles of undrained shearing, a linear decreasing trend between seismic compression and initial degree of saturation was predicted from the model while a nonlinear increasing-decreasing trend was observed in the cyclic simple shear experiments. This discrepancy may be due to not considering post shearing reconsolidation in the model, calibration of model parameters, or experimental issues including a drift in the position of the hysteretic shear-stress strain curve. Nonetheless, the trend from the model is consistent with predictions from previously- developed empirical models in the funicular regime of the SWRC. The developments of the new mechanistic model developed in this study will play a key role in the future development of a holistic model for predicting the seismic compression across all regimes of the SWRC.
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Ho, P. C., and D. A. Palmer. Electrical conductivity measurements of aqueous boric acid at 25--350{degree}C at saturation vapor pressure. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/212521.

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Jagniecki, Elliot, Andrew Rupke, Stefan Kirby, and Paul I. nkenbrandt. Salt Crust, Brine, and Marginal Groundwater of Great Salt Lake's North Arm (2019 To 2021). Utah Geological Survey, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ri-283.

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Following the construction of the railroad causeway in 1959, a perennial halite (NaCl) bottom crust has been known to exist in the north arm (Gunnison Bay) of Great Salt Lake, Utah, but the lake conditions controlling accumulation or dissolution of the crust are not well defined, including how depth-controlled chemodynamic and hydrodynamic factors influence the degree of the halite saturation. Immediately prior to the opening of a new bridge in the causeway in early December 2016 when north arm lake elevation was at a historical low (just above 4189 feet), the north arm lake brine was at halite saturation. After the opening, inflow of less saline south arm water mixed with north arm water, raised lake elevation, and diluted the north arm lake brine to undersaturation with respect to halite. The following five years have resulted in annual and seasonal fluctuations of halite saturation states. Beginning in mid-2019, the Utah Geological Survey began a study of the north arm to better understand and document the transitions of halite saturation state following the bridge opening using newly collected data as well as reviewing available past data.
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Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.

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Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.
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