Journal articles: 'Degummed soybean oil'

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Myers, R. E., D. E. Deyton, and C. E. Sams. "Applying Soybean Oil to Dormant Peach Trees Alters Internal Atmosphere, Reduces Respiration, Delays Bloom, and Thins Flower Buds." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 1 (1996): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.1.96.

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Dormant `Georgia Belle' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees were sprayed in early February 1992 with single applications of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, or 20.0% (v/v) crude soybean oil. `Redhaven' trees were sprayed in February 1993 with single applications of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, or15% degummed soybean oil. Additional treatments of two applications of 2.5% or 5.0% oil were included each year. Both crude and degummed soybean oil treatments interfered with escape of respiratory CO2 from shoots and increased internal CO2 concentrations in shoots for up to 8 days compared to untreated trees. Respiration rates, relative to controls, were decreased for 8 days following treatment, indicating a feedback inhibition of respiration by the elevated CO2. Thus, an internal controlled atmosphere condition was created. Ethylene evolution was elevated for 28 days after treatment. Flower bud development was delayed by treating trees with 5% crude or degummed soybean oil. Trees treated with 10% crude or degummed soybean oil bloomed 6 days later than untreated trees. Repeated sprays of one half concentration delayed bloom an additional four days in 1992, but < 1 day in 1993 compared to a single spray of the same total concentration. Application of soybean oil caused bud damage and reduced flower bud density (number of flower buds/cm branch length) at anthesis. In a trial comparing petroleum oil and degummed soybean oil, yields of trees treated with 6% or 9% soybean oil were 17% greater than the untreated trees and 29%more than petroleum treated trees. These results suggest that applying soybean oil delays date of peach bloom and may be used as a bloom thinner.

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Myers, R. E., D. E. Deyton, and C. E. Sams. "190 EFFECTS OF DORMANT APPLICATION OF SOYBEAN OIL ON PEACH TREES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 456c—456. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.456c.

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`Redhaven' peach trees at the Knoxville Experiment Station were sprayed to runoff on 3 February 1993 with single applications of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, or 15.0% (v/v) degummed soybean oil with 0.6% Latron AG 44M emulsifier. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 single tree replications. The internal CO2 concentration of treated twigs was elevated the first day and continued to be significantly higher than the control through the fifth day following treatment. Respiration rates of soybean oil treated buds-twigs were lower than the control for the first eight days after treatment. Flower bud and bloom development were delayed by treatment of trees with 5.0 to 15.0% soybean oil. Treatment with 5.0% oil delayed bloom approximately 4 days. The greatest delay (approximately 6 days) occurred after treatment with 10.0 or 15.0% oil. Yield was reduced and fruit size increased as the concentration of soybean oil was increased. Optimum fruit size was achieved with the 5.0% soybean oil treatment.

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Pless, C. D., D. E. Deyton, and C. E. Sams. "Control of San Jose Scale, Terrapin Scale, and European Red Mite on Dormant Fruit Trees with Soybean Oil." HortScience 30, no. 1 (1995): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.1.94.

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Emulsions of degummed soybean (Glycine max L.) oil were compared to a petroleum oil emulsion for efficacy against winter populations of San Jose scale [Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock); Homoptera: Diaspididae] and European red mite [Panonychus ulmi (Koch); Acari: Tetranychidae] on dormant apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees and terrapin scale [Mesolecanium nigrofasciatum (Pergande); Homoptera: Coccidae] on dormant peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees. In laboratory tests, more than 94% of San Jose scale was killed on stems dipped for 1 second in 5.0% or 7.5% soybean oil or 5.0% petroleum oil. Mortality of terrapin scale exceeded 93% on peach stems dipped for 1 second in 7.5% soybean oil or 5.0% petroleum oil. No European red mite eggs survived on apple stems dipped for 1 second in 2.5%, 5.0%, or 7.5% soybean oil, or 5.0% petroleum oil. In field tests, >95% of San Jose scale died on apple trees sprayed with one application of 2.5% petroleum oil or 5.0% soybean oil; two applications of these treatments or 2.5% soybean oil killed all San Jose scales. One or two applications of 2.5% petroleum oil or 5.0% soybean oil killed 85% and 98%, respectively, of the terrapin scales on peach trees. Soybean oil shows promise as a substitute for petroleum oil for winter control of three very destructive fruit tree pests.

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Hix, Raymond L., Charles D. Pless, Dennis E. Deyton, and Carl E. Sams. "Management of San Jose Scale on Apple with Soybean-oil Dormant Sprays." HortScience 34, no. 1 (1999): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.1.106.

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The objective of this study was to examine efficacy of soybean oil dormant sprays to manage San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock) on apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.). On 14 Feb. 1994 and again on 20 Feb. 1995, `Bounty' apple trees were: 1) left unsprayed (control) or sprayed to runoff with: 2) 3% (v/v) or 3) 6% degummed soybean oil with 0.6% (v/v) Latron B-1956 sticker spreader, or 4) 3% 6E Volck Supreme Spray petroleum oil. Crawler emergence occurred 17 May-28 June, 7 July-30 Aug., and 7 Sept.-24 Oct. 1994. First-generation crawler emergence had started by 8 May in 1995. Both 3% petroleum oil and 6% soybean oil sprays reduced the numbers of first- and second-generation crawlers by 93% in 1994 and first-generation crawlers by 98% in 1995. The 3% soybean oil treatment reduced first- and second-generation crawlers by 60% in 1994 and first-generation crawlers by 83% in 1995. In 1995, apple fruit infestations by first-generation scales on the 3% soybean-, 6% soybean-, and 3% petroleum oil-treated trees did not differ significantly, but all fruit were significantly less infested than the controls.

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Gomes, Maria Carolina Sérgi, Pedro Augusto Arroyo, and Nehemias Curvelo Pereira. "Biodiesel production from degummed soybean oil and glycerol removal using ceramic membrane." Journal of Membrane Science 378, no. 1-2 (2011): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.05.033.

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Zhang, Yingying, Yiwen Yang, Qilong Ren, and Hailiang Jiang. "Quantification of Soybean Phospholipids in Soybean Degummed Oil Residue by HPLC with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 28, no. 9 (2005): 1333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/jlc-200054817.

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Manthey, Frank A., John D. Nalewaja, and Edward F. Szelezniak. "Herbicide-Oil-Water Emulsions." Weed Technology 3, no. 1 (1989): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00031237.

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Oil-water emulsion stability was determined for crop origin and refinement of seed oils and their methyl esterified fatty acids (methylated seed oil) as influenced by emulsifiers and herbicides. Oil-in-water emulsion stability of one-refined, degummed, and crude seed oils was affected by the emulsifier. However, emulsion stability of methylated seed oil was not affected by the refinement of the seed oil used to produce the methylated seed oil or by the emulsifier. Oils without emulsifiers or emulsifiers alone added to formulated herbicide-water emulsions reduced emulsion stability depending upon the herbicide and emulsifier. Further, emulsion stability of formulated herbicides plus oil adjuvants was influenced by the oil type, the emulsifier in the oil adjuvant, and the herbicide. Oil-in-water emulsions improved or were not affected by increasing concentration of the emulsifier in the oil. However, T-Mulz-VO at a concentration greater than 10% with soybean oil or 5% with methylated soybean oil reduced emulsion stability with sethoxydim. Emulsion stability of herbicides with adjuvants depends upon the herbicide, the emulsifier, emulsifier concentration, and the crop origin, type, and refinement of oil.

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8

Watanabe, Yomi, Yuji Shimada, Akio Sugihara, and Yoshio Tominaga. "Conversion of degummed soybean oil to biodiesel fuel with immobilized Candida antarctica lipase." Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 17, no. 3-5 (2002): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1177(02)00022-x.

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9

Fornasero, M. L., R. N. Marenchino, and C. L. Pagliero. "Deacidification of Soybean Oil Combining Solvent Extraction and Membrane Technology." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/646343.

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The aim of this work was to study the removal of free fatty acids (FFAs) from soybean oil, combining solvent extraction (liquid-liquid) for the separation of FFAs from the oil and membrane technology to recover the solvent through nanofiltration (NF). Degummed soybean oil containing 1.05 ± 0.10% w/w FFAs was deacidified by extraction with ethanol. Results obtained in the experiences of FFAs extraction from oil show that the optimal operating conditions are the following: 1.8 : 1 w : w ethanol/oil ratio, 30 minutes extraction time and high speed of agitation and 30 minutes repose time after extraction at ambient temperature. As a result of these operations two phases are obtained: deacidified oil phase and ethanol phase (containing the FFAs). The oil from the first extraction is subjected to a second extraction under the same conditions, reducing the FFA concentration in oil to 0.09%. Solvent recovery from the ethanol phase is performed using nanofiltration technology with a commercially available polymeric NF membrane (NF-99-HF, Alfa Laval). From the analysis of the results we can conclude that the optimal operating conditions are pressure of 20 bar and temperature of 35°C, allowing better separation performance: permeate flux of 28.3 L/m2·h and FFA retention of 70%.

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10

Nalewaja, John D., and Grzegorz A. Skrzypczak. "Absorption and Translocation of Fluazifop with Additives." Weed Science 34, no. 4 (1986): 572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450006745x.

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The influence of various additives on the absorption and translocation of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} butyl ester in oats (Avena sativaL. var. ‘Lyon’) was determined. Fluazifop absorption and translocation by oats 48 h after application were less when applied with safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.), sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.), soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], linseed (Linum usitatissimumL.), and palm (Eleais quineeneisJacq.) oil than with petroleum oil. However, fluazifop absorption and translocation continued to increase for the 96-h duration of the experiment when applied with soybean oil but only for 24 h when applied with petroleum oil. The14C-fluazifop-label recovery was higher when applied with oils than when applied alone, which may have been due to reduced fluazifop volatility when it was emulsified with the oils. Absorption and translocation of fluazifop applied with glycerol or various emulsifiers were equal to or less than fluazifop absorption and translocation when applied with petroleum oils but were greater than fluazifop absorption and translocation when applied with seed oils 48 h after application. Fluazifop absorption and translocation were similar whether soybean or petroleum oil additives were applied with or without emulsifiers. Totally refined seed oils only slightly increased fluazifop absorption and translocation compared to fluazifop with once-refined or degummed seed oils.

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11

Deyton, D. E., C. E. Sams, and C. D. Pless. "Effect of Soybean Oil on Photosynthesis and Aphids of Apple." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 829E—829. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.829e.

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Four-year-old `Gala' and `Widjit' apple trees with significant apple aphid populations were sprayed to runoff on 13 May 1994 with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% (v/v) emulsified degummed soybean oil (SO) or with 1.0% petroleum (dormant) oil (PO). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with five single-tree replications. Apple aphid populations were determined on 10 tagged shoots per tree. The top fully expanded leaf of two randomly selected shoots per tree were tagged and net photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration (Tr) measured. Trees treated with SO or PO had <20% as many aphids after treatment as nontreated trees. Trees treated with 2% SO had lower Pn and Tr than the control for 18 days after treatment. Spraying 0.1% or 0.5% SO caused less initial reduction of Pn than 2.0% SO, and the effect was shorter lasting. Four-year-old `Oregon Spur' and `Empire' were sprayed with 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% SO or PO on 26 June. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with four single-tree replications. Pn rates of trees treated with 0.1% to 1.0% soybean oil were <40% of nontreated trees the day after treatment, but recovered to >80% of control in 5 days.

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12

Monteiro, Daniel Pigatto, Aliny Ketilim Novais, Louise Manha Peres, et al. "The quality of lipid ingredients for pig diets: effects on performance, carcass and meat traits and adipocyte diameter." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 4 (2016): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4p2209.

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This study aimed to evaluate the viability of using four lipid products (refined soybean oil, RO; degummed soybean oil, DO; pig lard, PL; and recycled frying oil, FO) as ingredients for pig feed during the finishing phase. The products were previously evaluated for the presence of insoluble impurities, peroxide levels, and total acidity as well as dioxin group, polychlorinated biphenyl, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants. Eighty 110 day-old pigs, including 40 castrated males and 40 females, with a mean initial weight of 59.01 ± 5.09 kg, were subjected to four treatments (feed containing RO, DO, PL, and FO) for 32 days to evaluate the effect on growth performance, carcass and meat traits and adipocyte diameter. The results for the products did not reveal any degradation or presence of contaminants within the use restriction levels. There were no differences regarding performance, carcass and meat traits, and adipocyte diameter among the treatments. The animals fed FO feed exhibited a poorer loin area and marbling (P < 0.07). The tested lipid raw materials are viable for use as ingredients in feed.

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Rade, Letícia Leandro, Sarah Arvelos, Marcos Antônio de Souza Barrozo, Lucienne Lobato Romanielo, Erika Ohta Watanabe, and Carla Eponina Hori. "Evaluation of the use of degummed soybean oil and supercritical ethanol for non-catalytic biodiesel production." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 105 (October 2015): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2015.05.017.

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14

Fan, Xiaohu, Rachel Burton, and Greg Austic. "Conversion of Degummed Soybean Oil to Biodiesel: Optimization of Degumming Methods and Evaluation of Fuel Properties." International Journal of Green Energy 7, no. 6 (2010): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2010.529403.

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15

Jiru, Teshome E., Bradley G. Kaufman, Klein E. Ileleji, Daniel R. Ess, Harry G. Gibson, and Dirk E. Maier. "Testing the performance and compatibility of degummed soybean heating oil blends for use in residential furnaces." Fuel 89, no. 1 (2010): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.07.028.

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Zhang, Weinong, Haibo He, Yuqi Feng, and Shilu Da. "Separation and purification of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine from soybean degummed oil residues by using solvent extraction and column chromatography." Journal of Chromatography B 798, no. 2 (2003): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.10.005.

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17

Tosi, Enzo A., Ampelio Cazzoli, Edmundo Ré, and Luis Tapiz. "Soybean drying in fluidized bed. effect on the hydratable and nonhydratable phosphatide concentration in crude and degummed crude oil." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 76, no. 12 (1999): 1467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-999-0186-0.

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18

Santos, Sâmela Keila Almeida dos, Flávia De Souza Gomes Crosara, Fernanda Heloísa Litz, et al. "Crude corn oil with high acidity in broiler feed." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 2 (2018): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n2p809.

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This study aimed to evaluate crude corn oil with high acidity (CCOHA) as a surrogate for degummed soybean oil (DSO) in broiler diets. The design was completely randomized, with four treatments and ten replicates. Each box contained 40 birds (male), totaling 1600 Cobb Slow birds. Treatments consisted of two sorghum-based diets, one with DSO (SSO) another with CCOHA (SCO), and two corn-based diets, one with DSO (CSO) another with CCOHA (CCO). At 30 days of age, a digestibility test was performed using total excreta collection to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) from test rations. At 42 days of age, we evaluated live weight (LW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), carcass yield (CY), and the yields of breast with bone and skin (BWBS), skinless boneless breast (SBB), thigh (T), drumstick (D), and wing (W), as well as breast centesimal composition. Neither corn nor sorghum-based diets with CCOHA showed differences between AME and AMEn. Both DSO and CCOHA diets showed no differences in LW, FI, FC, carcass and cuts yields when using CCOHA. Regarding breast composition, no differences in dry matter and in the levels of crude protein, fat, and mineral matter were observed. We may conclude that CCOHA had no effect on the performance variables, carcass and cuts yields, and broiler meat quality.

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Silva, Camilla Mendonça, Charles Kiefer, Ricardo Carneiro Brumatti, et al. "Nutritional plans for net energy of growing-finishing swine: economic evaluation." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 4 (2021): e47310414222. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14222.

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The energy content is the most expensive component in the diet for production of swine. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profitability of nutritional plans with different net energy (NE) levels for barrows and gilts through sensitivity analysis. Nutritional plans with variable levels of NE were evaluated (2300; 2380; 2460; 2540; 2620 and 2700 kcal of NE/kg) in diets of 144 swines. The carcasses gross profit was determined based on bonus system (CGPbs) and or based solely on live weights (CGPlw). A sensitivity analysis was performed for each NE nutritional plan with different simulations of price quotes for the ingredients in the diet. The simulations carried out for the price of corn for nutritional plans for barrows, indicate that higher levels of net energy provided the highest CGPbs and CGPlw. For degummed soybean oil, the increase in the concentration of net energy in diets provided an increase of up to 6% in CGPbs and CGPlw. For gilts, the increase of energy levels in the diets from 2460 to 2700 kcal of net energy improved the gross profit by 17% when carcasses were sold based on bonus system (CGPbs) and CGPlw was higher when fed with the diet containing 2540 kcal of NE. The increase in the net energy level from 2300 to 2700 kcal in the diet of both barrows and gilts during the growth-finishing phase generated improvements in economic gains, regardless of the way in which the animals are marketed (CGPbs and CGPlw).

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Pereira, Francisco Sávio Gomes, Antonio Demóstenes de Sobral, Ana Maria Ribeiro Bastos da Silva, and Maria Aparecida Guilherme da Rocha. "Moringa oleifera: a promising agricultural crop and of social inclusion for Brazil and semi-arid regions for the production of energetic biomass (biodiesel and briquettes)." OCL 25, no. 1 (2017): D106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2017047.

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This study describes properties of biomasses of Moringa oleifera Lamarck for energetic applications of production of biodiesel and briquettes. The seeds collected of the mature pods were the initial biomasses used of this plant. The seeds were separated into husks and oilseed grains, from which the oils were extracted by mechanical pressing and by solvent extraction. The crude oil mixed (of pressing and by solvent) was degummed, neutralized, washed, dried and characterized. The purified oil was converted into methyl biodiesel in homogeneous alkaline transesterification, which was purified and characterized. The residual peels and pies had their calorific powers measured and compared with classic agricultural residues: firewood, sugarcane bagasse and coconut husks. Moringa culture was compared to soybeans in agricultural and biodiesel production perspectives. The analytical results show that the biomasses of the moringa are favorable as renewable biofuels like biodiesel or briquettes due to the good calorific power and simple and accessible productive technology. The production of briquettes starting from the biomasses of the moringa would be recommended with the uses of the pod husks, seed peels and pies (cakes) of extraction of the oil. The agricultural management and the simple productive technologies applied to the moringa are favorable for social inclusion by enabling family agriculture.

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Saraiva, Wenner V. A., Isadora G. Vieira, Andréia S. Galvão, et al. "Lethal and sublethal effects of babassu and degummed soybean oils on the predatory mite Typhlodromus ornatus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." International Journal of Acarology 46, no. 3 (2020): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2020.1734081.

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Vieira, Isadora G., Wenner V. A. Saraiva, Giselle S. Freitas, et al. "Compatibility of degummed soybean and babassu oils with the generalist predatory mite Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) ornatus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) preying on Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae)." International Journal of Acarology 47, no. 3 (2021): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2021.1892824.

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23

SOARES, MARINALDA DA SILVA, ANA PAULA BADAN RIBEIRO, LIRENY APARECIDA GUARALDO GONÇALVES, GABRIELA B. FERNADES, and HELENA MARIA ANDRÉ BOLINI. "ACEITAÇÃO SENSORIAL DO ÓLEO DE SOJA DEGOMADO POR ULTRAFILTRAÇÃO E DESODORIZADO." Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos 22, no. 2 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/cep.v22i2.1195.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se existe diferença sensorial significativa ao nível de consumidor quanto à aceitação dos atributos aroma e sabor entre o óleo de soja degomado por ultrafiltração e desodorizado e óleo de soja refinado comercial, obtido tradicionalmente. Amostras com 20 litros de miscela do óleo de soja bruto foram ultrafiltradas em membranas cerâmicas de 19 e 37 canais (comprimento de 1 m e 0,01 µm de diâmetro de poro) e desodorizadas sob nitrogênio a 230 ºC, após separação do solvente. Os óleos desodorizados obtidos mostraram coloração mais intensa com preservação de carotenóides e, em média, 0,25% de ácidos graxos livres, enquadrando-se na faixa estabelecida pela legislação brasileira (valores inferiores a 0,3% em ácido oléico). O índice de peróxido também atendeu às exigências para óleo desodorizado para fins comestíveis. As amostras obtidas não diferiram significativamente (p ≤ 0,05) entre si e nem do óleo de soja refinado disponível comercialmente. SENSORY ACCEPTANCE OF SOYBEAN OIL DEODORIZED AND DEGUMMED BY ULTRAFILTRATION Abstract This work had as objective to verify if it exists significant sensorial difference at consumers level of soybean oil degummed by ultrafiltration and comercial refined, traditionally obtained soybean oil in relation to aroma and flavor attributes. Samples with 20 L of miscella of crude soybean oil were ultrafiltrated in ceramic membranes of 19 and 37 channels (1 m lenght and 0.01 mm of pore diameter) and deodorized with nitrogen at 230ºC after solvent separation. The deodorized oils obtained showed more intense pigmentation with preservation of carotenoids and, in average, 0.25% of free fatty acids, within the range established by the Brazilian legislation (values inferior to 0.3% in oleic acid). The peroxide indice also attended the exigences for edible deodorized oils. The samples obtained didnt differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) among each other neither with the refined commercially available soybean oil.

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Luquetti, Brenda Carla, Sâmela Keila Almeida dos Santos, Fernanda Heloisa Litz, et al. "Inclusion of crude corn oil with high acidity in the feed of laying hens: analysis of egs production and quality." Bioscience Journal 36, no. 3 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v36n3a2020-42453.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate egg production and quality after including crude corn oil with high acidity (CCOHA) in the feed of laying hens. The design was completely randomized to three treatments and six replicates each. The sample included 90 hens of the Lohmann LSL lineage, housed in cages; each cage contained five animals and constituted an experimental unit. The evaluated feeds were corn-based feed with degummed soybean oil (CSO), corn-based feed with CCOHA (CC) and sorghum-based feed with CCOHA (SC). At the end of the 28-day cycle, the following productivity parameters were evaluated: egg weight at laying (EWL), laying percentage (LP), feed conversion per dozen eggs (FCDZ) and feed conversion per egg mass (FCEM). The evaluated internal and external quality parameters of the eggs were yolk percentage (YP), yolk index (YI), and yolk pH (YpH); albumen percentage (AP), albumen index (AI), and albumen pH (ApH); percentage shell (PS) and shell surface area (SSA); Haugh unit (HU) and egg yolk color (EYC). There were no significant differences in EW, LP, FCDZ, and FCEM between the experimental feeds. Moreover, the use of crude corn oil with high acidity in laying hens rations did not influence the parameters of YP, YI, YpH, AP, AI, ApH, PS, SSA, HU, and EYC.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Degummed soybean oil'

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