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Books on the topic 'Dehumanization, commodification of people'
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1
Keith, Kenneth D. (Kenneth Dwight), 1946-, ed. Intellectual disability: Ethics, dehumanization, and a new moral community. Atrium, Sounthern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, a John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication, 2013.
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2
Keith, Heather, and Kenneth D. Keith. Intellectual Disability: Ethics, Dehumanization, and a New Moral Community. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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3
Keith, Heather, and Kenneth D. Keith. Intellectual Disability: Ethics, Dehumanization, and a New Moral Community. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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4
Keith, Heather, and Kenneth D. Keith. Intellectual Disability: Ethics, Dehumanization, and a New Moral Community. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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5
Chan, Christine Emi. Beyond Colonization, Commodification, and Reclamation. Edited by Anthony Shay and Barbara Sellers-Young. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199754281.013.36.
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The Hawaiian Islands have long been characterized as a place of romance, mystery, and exotic cultural experiences. Since the 18th century arrival of Europeans, this view of Hawaii has been perpetuated by explorers, missionaries, the government, the tourist industry, and many others who choose to play into the fantasies of Hawaiian culture conjured and maintained by Orientalization. Hula and the figure of the Hawaiian hula girl are particularly oversexualized and overspiritualized. Today, we see debate over whether non-Native speakers, nonindigenous people, or non-Hawaii residents should be allowed to participate in the dance. Interestingly, in attempting to celebrate hula, certain rhetoric reinforces Orientalist tendencies to romanticize hula and Hawaii. Therefore, I offer a retheorization of hula by drawing out aspects of hula presentations that (1) recognize hula as a recycled tradition, (2) acknowledge the unique plight of the indigenous people of Hawaii, and (3) do not limit participation to certain bodies.
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Kasperbauer, T. J. Dehumanizing Animals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695811.003.0003.
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This chapter presents the core psychological account of the book. It reviews research on dehumanization toward human beings and explains how this process is similarly applied to non-human animals. It also makes a novel proposal for how animals could have come to present psychological threats to human beings and as a result be viewed negatively. The chapter describes ways in which animals are treated as part of an outgroup, even in the absence of overt hostility between humans and animals. Terror management theory and the psychology of dehumanization, fear, and disgust are used to explain how people make both positive and negative evaluations of animals. Evolutionary explanations for responding to animal threats are considered in order to further substantiate the importance of dehumanization in human attitudes toward animals.
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Unwin, Tim. Reflections on the Dark Side of ICT4D. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795292.003.0006.
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Technology is all too often seen as being inherently good, and there are powerful interests limiting the amount of attention paid to the darker side of ICTs and Internet access in particular. However, these darker aspects are crucial to understanding ICT4D, especially since they can more seriously impact the poor, both countries and people, than the rich. The following main challenges are covered in the chapter: privacy and security; the Surface Web and the Dark Web; cyber-security and resilience; negative aspects of the exploitation of Big Data and the abuse of people through social media; and the increasing dehumanization of people through the use of ICTs and the Internet of Things.
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Paryż, Marek, ed. Annie Proulx. University of Warsaw Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323547983.
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The philosophical underpinnings and existential implications of Annie Proulx’s fiction situate it in the tradition of literary naturalism. The writer portrays characters from the lower social classes, people who are unable to overcome the impasse in which they have found themselves. Far from idyllic sentiments, Proulx’s approach to the experience of place connects her to the writers associated with so-called new regionalism. She shows the degrading influence of the life amidst beautiful natural surroundings on individual human psyche. Proulx looks closely at the processes of the commodification of regional culture and interprets them as symptoms of a dangerous global tendency.
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Spracklen, Karl. Developing a Cultural Theory of Music Making and Leisure. Edited by Roger Mantie and Gareth Dylan Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.013.2.
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People listen to music in their leisure time, in leisure spaces, as a supposedly free act of agency. Yet social and cultural theorists show that leisure choices and spaces are constrained by hegemonic power, and that cultural forms such as music are products of commodification. This chapter explores these key claims for the use of music and the consumption of music in leisure spaces. It uses the work of Baudrillard on simulacra to explore the potential meaning and purpose of music in the lives of makers, listeners and fans—as a key device in constructing alternative hyperrealities to the capitalized reality of late modernity.
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Smith, David Livingstone. On Inhumanity. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923006.001.0001.
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The Rwandan genocide, the Holocaust, the lynching of African Americans, the colonial slave trade: these are horrific episodes of mass violence spawned from racism and hatred. We like to think that we could never see such evils again—that we would stand up and fight. But something deep in the human psyche—deeper than prejudice itself—leads people to persecute the other: dehumanization, or the human propensity to think of others as less than human. This book looks at the mechanisms of the mind that encourage us to see someone as less than human. There is something peculiar and horrifying in human psychology that makes us vulnerable to thinking of whole groups of people as subhuman creatures. When governments or other groups stand to gain by exploiting this innate propensity, and know just how to manipulate words and images to trigger it, there is no limit to the violence and hatred that can result.
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Davis, Adrienne D., and BSE Collective, eds. Black Sexual Economies. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042645.001.0001.
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This book is a compilation of contemporary and previously unpublished scholarship on Black sexualities. The sixteen essays work to untangle the complex mechanisms of dominance and subordination as they are attached to political and socioeconomic forces, cultural productions, and academic lenses that assess sexuality as it intersects with race. Some of the essays trace the historical and contemporary markets for sexual labor and systems of erotic capital. Other essays illuminate how forces of commodification, exploitation, and appropriation, which render black sexualities both desirable and deviant, also provide the spaces, networks, and relationships that have allowed black people to revise, recuperate, and re-articulate their sexual identities, erotic capital, and gender and sexual expressions and relations. The collection focuses on three themes linked by the major theory of black sexual economy: sex labor and race play; drag and hypersexual performance; and the erotics of life and death.
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Howell, Gillian, Lee Higgins, and Brydie-Leigh Bartleet. Community Music Practice. Edited by Roger Mantie and Gareth Dylan Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.013.26.
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Many people have become disengaged from music making owing to the commercialization and commodification of music practices. This chapter examines a distinctive response to that disengagement, through the work of community music facilitators, who connect on interpersonal and musical levels to encourage community music practice. Four case studies are used to illustrate the central notions of this approach. Underpinning these four case studies is the concept of musical excellence in community music interventions. This notion of excellence refers to the quality of the social experience—bonds formed, meaning and enjoyment derived, and sense of agency that emerges for individuals and the group—alongside the musical outcomes created through the music making experience. The chapter concludes by considering the ways in which community music opens up new pathways for reflecting on, enacting, and developing approaches that respond to a wide range of social, cultural, health, economic, and political contexts.
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Powers, Shawn M., and Michael Jablonski. Google, Information, and Power. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039126.003.0004.
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This chapter examines Google's aims to dominate the global market for information services and data. Drawing from the suggestion that “information is the new oil of the Internet and the currency of the digital world,” it explores how Google's various endeavors seek to control each facet of the data market: data production, data extraction, data refinement, data infrastructure and distribution, and demand. It shows that there is no equivalent company that has ever been capable of dominance in each facet of the oil economy to the extent that Google leads in the data economy. The chapter also discusses the commodification of information in the modern internet economy and argues that Google's interest in internet freedom and connectivity lies in the fact that its survival (in the political economy sense of the word) depends on getting more and more people online to use its complimentary services.
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Lageson, Sarah Esther. Digital Punishment. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872007.001.0001.
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Data-driven criminal justice operations creates millions of criminal records each year in the United States. Documenting everything from a police stop to a prison sentence, these records take on a digital life of their own as they are collected and posted by police, courts, and prisons; reposted on social media, online news, and mugshot galleries; and bought and sold by data brokers as an increasingly valuable data commodity. The result is “digital punishment,” where mere suspicion or a brush with the law can have lasting consequences. This analysis describes the transformation of criminal records into millions of data points; the commodification of these data into a valuable digital resource; and the impact of this shift on people, society, and public policy. The consequences of digital punishment, as described in hundreds of interviews detailed in this book, lead people to purposefully opt out of society as they cope with privacy and due process violations.
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Williams, Erica Lorraine. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037931.003.0001.
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This book explores the cultural and sexual economies of tourism in the Brazilian state of Bahia, known as the “Black Mecca” of Brazil, in order to make sense of how racism, eroticization, and commodification play out in the context of transnational tourism. More specifically, it examines sex tourism's so-called ambiguous entanglements as well as the specter of sex tourism. It also examines the meanings and implications of sex tourism for daily life, romantic relationships, and the transnational mobility of multiple actors in Bahia based on interviews, conducted between June 2005 and August 2008, with a broad range of people, including foreign tourists, tour guides, sex workers, and representatives of nongovernmental organizations. Finally, the book interrogates questions of globalization, political economy, and transnationalism by analyzing the racialized and sexualized dynamics of Salvador, the capital of Bahia, as well as the implications of the specter of sex tourism in the city. This introduction provides an overview of the tourism industry and tourism studies research as well as the book's arguments, theoretical frameworks, research methodologies, and chapters.
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Lothian, Alexis. Old Futures. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479811748.001.0001.
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Old Futures traverses the history of imagined futures from the 1890s to the 2010s, interweaving speculative visions of gender, race, and sexuality from literature, film, and digital media. Centering works by women, queers, and people of color that are marginalized within most accounts of the genre, the book offers a new perspective on speculative fiction studies while reframing established theories of queer temporality by arguing that futures imagined in the past offer new ways to queer the present. Imagined futures have been central to the creation and maintenance of imperial domination and technological modernity; Old Futures rewrites the history of the future by gathering together works that counter such narratives even as they are part of them. Lothian explores how queer possibilities are constructed and deconstructed through extrapolative projections and affective engagements with alternative temporalities. The book is structured in three parts, each addressing one convergence of political economy, theoretical framework, and narrative form that has given rise to a formation of speculative futurity. Six main chapters focus on white feminist utopias and dystopias of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; on Afrofuturist narratives that turn the dehumanization of black lives into feminist and queer visions of transformation; on futuristic landscapes in queer speculative cinema; and on fan creators’ digital interventions into televised futures. Two shorter chapters, named “Wormholes” in homage to the science fiction trope of a time-space distortion that connects distant locations, highlight current resonances of the old futures under discussion.
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Nurse, Angus, and Tanya Wyatt. Wildlife Criminology. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529204346.001.0001.
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The harm and crime committed by humans does not only affect humans. Victimisation is not isolated to people, but instead encompasses the planet and other beings. Yet apart from fairly recent green criminological scholarship employing an expanded criminological gaze beyond the human, the discipline of criminology has largely confined itself to human victims, ignoring the human-caused suffering and plight of the billions of other individuals with whom we share the Earth. In order to take another step in rectifying criminology’s blindness to the non-human world, we propose a ‘Wildlife Criminology’. Wildlife Criminology is a complimentary project that expands the existing green and critical criminological scholarship even further beyond the human. As the book’s chapters will demonstrate, criminology’s current and future engagement with wildlife issues needs to develop by considering wider notions of crime and harm involving non-human animals and plants. We focus on non-human animals: as property, as food, for sport, reflectors of violence, the link to interpersonal human violence, and rights through exploration of four interconnected themes - commodification and exploitation, violence, rights, and speciesism and othering. We offer directions for the future of criminal justice system, humans’ relationship to the non-human, and for the project of Wildlife Criminology.
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Mantie, Roger, and Gareth Dylan Smith, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Music Making and Leisure. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.001.0001.
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Music has been a vital part of leisure activity across time and cultures. Contemporary commodification, commercialization, and consumerism, however, have created a chasm between conceptualizations of music making and numerous realities in our world. From a broad range of perspectives and approaches, this handbook explores avocational involvement with music (i.e., amateur, recreation) as an integral part of the human condition. The chapters in The Oxford Handbook of Music Making and Leisure present a myriad of ways for reconsidering—refocusing attention on—the rich, exciting, and emotionally charged ways in which people of all ages make time for making music through music learning and participation. The contexts discussed are broadly Western, including a diversity of voices from scholars across fields and disciplines, framing complex and multifaceted phenomena that may be helpfully, enlighteningly, and perhaps provocatively framed as music making and leisure. The book is structured in four parts: (I) Relationships to and with Music; (II) Involvement and Meaning; (III) Scenes, Spaces, and Places; and (IV) On the Diversity of Music Making and Leisure. This volume may be viewed as an attempt to reclaim music making and leisure as a serious concern for, among others, policy makers, scholars, and educators, who perhaps risk eliding some or even most of the ways in which music, so central to community and belonging, is integrated into the everyday lives of people. As such, this handbook looks beyond the obvious (of course music making is leisure!), asking readers to consider anew, “What might we see when we think of music making as leisure?”