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Journal articles on the topic 'Delaware River'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ravindranath, Arun, Naresh Devineni, and Peter Kolesar. "An environmental perspective on the water management policies of the Upper Delaware River Basin." Water Policy 18, no. 6 (2016): 1399–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.166.

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Since 1954, the Delaware River has been managed under the framework of a Supreme Court decree and the subsequent concomitant intergovernmental collaboration between New York State, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York City (NYC) and the US federal government. Taking an environmental perspective, we review the evolution of water release policies for three NYC reservoirs from the issuance of the 1954 decree through the implementation of the Flexible Flow Management Program (FFMP) of 2007–2015 and examine the policies' impact on the upper Delaware River. We describe governmental and institutional constraints on the development of Delaware water policy and show how modifications of release policies have enhanced aquatic habitat and ecological health in the upper Delaware while reliably delivering water to NYC and the Delaware's other principal stakeholders. We describe the development of the FFMP in 2006, its subsequent modification, and its augmentation by NYC's Operations Support Tool in 2012. Finally, we discuss the negative ecological consequences of the 2010–2016 stalemate on Delaware water policy resulting from conflicts between the decree parties about current and future water rights, and how the stalemate derives partially from the decision structure imposed by the 1954 decree and the Good Faith Agreement of 1983.

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2

Gerald J. Kauffman Jr. "THE DELAWARE RIVER REVIVAL:." Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 77, no. 4 (2010): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.77.4.0432.

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3

Galbraith, Heather S., William A. Lellis, Jeffrey C. Cole, Carrie J. Blakeslee, and Barbara St. John White. "Population Demographics for the Federally Endangered Dwarf Wedgemussel." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7, no. 2 (2016): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/112014-jfwm-084.

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Abstract The dwarf wedgemussel Alasmidonta heterodon is a federally endangered freshwater mussel species inhabiting several Atlantic Slope rivers. Studies on population demographics of this species are necessary for status assessment and directing recovery efforts. We conducted qualitative and quantitative surveys for dwarf wedgemussel in the mainstem Delaware River and in four of its tributaries (Big Flat Brook, Little Flat Brook, Neversink River, and Paulinskill River). We quantified population range, relative abundance, size, size structure, and sex ratio within each river. We estimated total dwarf wedgemussel population size for the surveyed rivers in the Delaware Basin to be 14,432 individuals (90% confidence limits, 7,961–26,161). Our results suggest that the historically robust Neversink River population has declined, but that this population persists and substantial populations remain in other tributaries. Sex ratios were generally female-biased, and small individuals (&lt;10 mm) found in all rivers indicate recent recruitment. We most often found dwarf wedgemussel at the surface of the sediment (not buried below) in shallow quadrats (&lt;2.00 m) comprised of small substrate (sand in tributaries; cobble in the mainstem) and minimal aquatic macrophytes. Long-term monitoring, continued surveys for new populations, and assessments of reproductive success are needed to further understand dwarf wedgemussel viability within the Delaware River basin.

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4

Helton, Douglas, Donna Lawson, and Martin McHugh. "NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESIDENTE RIVERA OIL SPILL, DELAWARE RIVER1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (1995): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-333.

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ABSTRACT On June 24, 1989, the Uruguayan merchant marine tanker Presidente Rivera, loaded with 19 million gallons of No. 6 fuel oil, ran aground in the Delaware River near Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, spilling between 200,000 and 300,000 gallons of oil. Currents spread the oil over approximately 29 miles of shoreline in New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, reaching upstream as far as Little Tinicum Island, a wildlife refuge near Philadelphia, and downstream as far as Reedy Island, south of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Natural resources under the trusteeship of New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, the U.S. Department of the Interior, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (U.S. Department of Commerce) were affected by the spill, including shoreline parks, fisheries, marshes, birds, and wildlife. Additionally, portions of the river were closed to vessel traffic and nearby creeks were boomed off, preventing access to marinas and boat ramps. After three years of damage assessment, pretrial discovery, and negotiations, the trustees reached a settlement on natural resource damages with the responsible party. This paper discusses the strategy used by the trustees in developing a natural resource damage claim and highlights some of the lessons learned during the assessment and settlement process.

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5

Featherstone, Jeffrey. "Conservation in the Delaware River Basin." Journal - American Water Works Association 88, no. 1 (1996): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1996.tb06482.x.

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6

Wiltshire, Glenn A., and Lewis Corcoran. "Response to the Presidente Rivera Major Oil Spill, Delaware River1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, no. 1 (1991): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-253.

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ABSTRACT On June 24, 1989, the Uruguayan tankship Presidente Rivera grounded in the Delaware River south of Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania. The grounding resulted in the discharge of over 300,000 gallons of “high pour” No. 6 oil into the river. This paper discusses the actions taken by the various involved parties to respond to the spill and to remove the oil from the river and its shorelines. Cleanup operations were especially difficult because of the tar-like consistency of the oil, the nonavailability of appropriate containment and recovery equipment, and the accessibility and environmental sensitivity of areas affected by the oil. Nontraditional methods, including clamshell bucket dredges and hopper barges, had to be used to contain and remove the oil from the water. The paper also addresses some of the political issues faced by the federal on-scene coordinator during this response and cleanup.

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7

Whitney, Michael M., and Richard W. Garvine. "Simulating the Delaware Bay Buoyant Outflow: Comparison with Observations." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 1 (2006): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2805.1.

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Abstract Coastal buoyant outflows from rivers and estuaries previously have been studied with field research, laboratory experiments, and numerical models. There is a dire need to evaluate model performance in light of coastal current observations. This research simulates the Delaware Bay outflow and compares results with observations of estuarine and shelf conditions. Observations include an estuarine salinity climatology, a record of freshwater delivery to the shelf, coastal current salinity mappings, and surface drifter data. Simulation efforts focus on spring 1993 and spring 1994, the primary field study period. The simulation is forced with river discharge, winds, and tides; only tidal-averaged results are discussed. Estuarine salinity results are consistent with the observed lateral salinity pattern, vertical structure, and response to river discharge. Salinities within the lower bay agree with observations, but the simulation overestimates the along-estuary salinity gradient. Observed and simulated freshwater delivery exhibit the same amplitude of response to river discharge and winds. The simulation produces a buoyant outflow that is generally consistent with the observed buoyancy signature, width, length, and vertical structure over a variety of river discharge and wind conditions. The simulated coastal current, however, tends to be somewhat shorter and fresher than observed. Simulated surface drifter paths exhibit the observed onshore advection during downwelling winds as well as offshore transport and current reversals during upwelling winds. A statistical evaluation based on shelf salinity mappings indicates that the model reproduces the observed variance and has only a small bias (less than 10% of plume buoyancy signature). The rms error of 1.2 psu is linked to the shorter and fresher nature of the simulated coastal current. Observational comparisons discussed in this paper indicate that the model can simulate many coastal current features and its response to river discharge and wind forcing.

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8

Kotulak, Peter. "DELAWARE BAY MISPILLION INLET ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION PROJECT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.8.

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The Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) has received grants from Hurricane Sandy funding to rehabilitate and improve environmental functionality and sustainability for areas along the Delaware Bay shoreline. The Mispillion Inlet Complex near Milford, Delaware was one of the projects selected due to its importance as habitat for both American Horseshoe Crabs (Limulus polyphemus) and shorebirds, specifically the threatened species Rufa Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa). The complex includes the Mispillion River and Cedar Creek that connect at Mispillion Inlet and provide access for tidal flow and navigation into the Delaware Bay via federally-authorized and maintained channels. Efforts to stabilize Mispillion Inlet first occurred in 1859 when a 560-foot long timber pile jetty was constructed along the north side of the inlet. In 1908 a south jetty was constructed, and in subsequent years, several additional jetty extensions were made to a total length of about 5,800 feet. In 1985, the barrier spit separating Mispillion River and the Delaware Bay north of the inlet breached and was subsequently closed with a stone dike and sand fill. Two years later, the repaired area was breached again, followed by placement of more rock and sand.

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9

Lefebvre, Mario, and Fatima Bensalma. "An Application of Filtered Renewal Processes in Hydrology." International Journal of Engineering Mathematics 2014 (May 5, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/593243.

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Filtered renewal processes are used to forecast daily river flows. For these processes, contrary to filtered Poisson processes, the time between consecutive events is not necessarily exponentially distributed, which is more realistic. The model is applied to obtain one- and two-day-ahead forecasts of the flows of the Delaware and Hudson Rivers, both located in the United States. Better results are obtained than with filtered Poisson processes, which are often used to model river flows.

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10

Joesoef, A., W. J. Huang, Y. Gao, and W. J. Cai. "Air–water fluxes and sources of carbon dioxide in the Delaware Estuary: spatial and seasonal variability." Biogeosciences 12, no. 20 (2015): 6085–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6085-2015.

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Abstract. Distributions of surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) were measured on nine cruises in the Delaware Estuary (USA). The Delaware River was highly supersaturated in pCO2 with respect to the atmosphere during all seasons, while the Delaware Bay was undersaturated in pCO2 during spring and late summer and moderately supersaturated during mid-summer, fall, and winter. While the smaller upper tidal river was a strong CO2 source (27.1 ± 6.4 mol-C m−2 yr−1), the much larger bay was a weak source (1.2 ± 1.4 mol-C m−2 yr−1), the latter of which had a much greater area than the former. In turn, the Delaware Estuary acted as a relatively weak CO2 source (2.4 ± 4.8 mol-C m−2 yr−1), which is in great contrast to many other estuarine systems. Seasonally, pCO2 changes were greatest at low salinities (0 ≤ S < 5), with pCO2 values in the summer nearly 3-fold greater than those observed in the spring and fall. Undersaturated pCO2 was observed over the widest salinity range (7.5 ≤ S < 30) during spring. Near to supersaturated pCO2 was generally observed in mid- to high-salinity waters (20 ≤ S < 30) except during spring and late summer. Strong seasonal trends in internal estuarine production and consumption of CO2 were observed throughout both the upper tidal river and lower bay. Positive correlations between river-borne and air–water CO2 fluxes in the upper estuary emphasize the significance of river-borne CO2 degassing to overall CO2 fluxes. While river-borne CO2 degassing heavily influenced CO2 dynamics in the upper tidal river, these forces were largely compensated for by internal biological processes within the extensive bay system of the lower estuary.

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11

Joesoef, A., W. J. Huang, Y. Gao, and W. J. Cai. "Air–water fluxes and sources of carbon dioxide in the Delaware Estuary: spatial and seasonal variability." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 13 (2015): 10899–938. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-10899-2015.

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Abstract. Distributions of surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) were measured on nine cruises in the Delaware Estuary (USA). The Delaware River was highly supersaturated in pCO2 with respect to the atmosphere during all seasons while the Delaware Bay was undersaturated in pCO2 during spring and late summer and moderately supersaturated during midsummer, fall, and winter. While the upper tidal river was a strong CO2 source (24.6 ± 2.2 mol C m−2 year−1), the bay was a weak source (1.8 ± 0.2 mol C m−2 year−1), the latter of which had a much greater area than the former. In turn, the Delaware Estuary acted as a relatively weak CO2 source (2.4 ± 0.3 mol C m−2 year−1), which is in great contrast to many other estuarine systems. Seasonally, pCO2 changes were greatest at low salinities (0 ≤ S< 5) with pCO2 values in the summer nearly three-fold greater than those observed in the spring and fall. Undersaturated pCO2 was observed over the widest salinity range (7.5 ≤ S< 30) during spring. Near to supersaturated pCO2 was generally observed in mid- to high salinity waters (20 ≤ S< 30) except during spring and late summer. Strong seasonal trends in internal estuarine production and consumption of CO2 were observed throughout both the upper tidal river and lower bay. Comparably, positive correlations between river-borne and air–water CO2 fluxes in the upper estuary emphasize the significance of river-borne CO2 degassing to overall CO2 fluxes. While river-borne CO2 degassing heavily influenced CO2 dynamics in the upper tidal river, these forces were largely compensated by internal biological processes within the extensive bay system of the lower estuary.

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12

Joesoef, Andrew, David L. Kirchman, Christopher K. Sommerfield, and Wei-Jun Cai. "Seasonal variability of the inorganic carbon system in a large coastal plain estuary." Biogeosciences 14, no. 21 (2017): 4949–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4949-2017.

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Abstract. Carbonate geochemistry research in large estuarine systems is limited. More work is needed to understand how changes in land-use activity influence watershed export of organic and inorganic carbon, acids, and nutrients to the coastal ocean. To investigate the seasonal variation of the inorganic carbon system in the Delaware Estuary, one of the largest estuaries along the US east coast, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and pH were measured along the estuary from June 2013 to April 2015. In addition, DIC, TA, and pH were periodically measured from March to October 2015 in the nontidal freshwater Delaware, Schuylkill, and Christina rivers over a range of discharge conditions. There were strong negative relationships between river TA and discharge, suggesting that changes in HCO3− concentrations reflect dilution of weathering products in the drainage basin. The ratio of DIC to TA, an understudied but important property, was high (1.11) during high discharge and low (0.94) during low discharge, reflecting additional DIC input in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2), most likely from terrestrial organic matter decomposition, rather than bicarbonate (HCO3−) inputs due to drainage basin weathering processes. This is also a result of CO2 loss to the atmosphere due to rapid water transit during the wet season. Our data further show that elevated DIC in the Schuylkill River is substantially different than that in the Delaware River. Thus, tributary contributions must be considered when attributing estuarine DIC sources to the internal carbon cycle versus external processes such as drainage basin mineralogy, weathering intensity, and discharge patterns. Long-term records in the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers indicate shifts toward higher alkalinity in estuarine waters over time, as has been found in other estuaries worldwide. Annual DIC input flux to the estuary and export flux to the coastal ocean are estimated to be 15.7 ± 8.2 × 109 mol C yr−1 and 16.5 ± 10.6 × 109 mol C yr−1, respectively, while net DIC production within the estuary including inputs from intertidal marshes is estimated to be 5.1 × 109 mol C yr−1. The small difference between riverine input and export flux suggests that, in the case of the Delaware Estuary and perhaps other large coastal systems with long freshwater residence times, the majority of the DIC produced in the estuary by biological processes is exchanged with the atmosphere rather than exported to the sea.

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13

Weggel, J. Richard. "Are Floods on the Delaware River Getting Worse?" Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 16, no. 3 (2011): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000301.

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14

MacGillivray, A. Ronald, David E. Russell, Steven S. Brown, et al. "Monitoring the tidal Delaware River for ambient toxicity." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 7, no. 3 (2011): 466–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.144.

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15

McCabe, Gregory J., and David M. Wolock. "Hydro‐Climatic Drought in the Delaware River Basin." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 56, no. 6 (2020): 981–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12875.

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16

Lipschultz, Fredric, Steven C. Wofsy, and Lewis E. Fox. "Nitrogen metabolism of the eutrophic Delaware River ecosystem1." Limnology and Oceanography 31, no. 4 (1986): 701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1986.31.4.0701.

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17

Mandarano, Lynn A., and Robert J. Mason. "Adaptive management and governance of Delaware River water resources." Water Policy 15, no. 3 (2012): 364–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.077.

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This paper articulates the complexities of adaptively managing Delaware River water resources to meet shifting priorities of drinking water supply, drought mitigation and flood mitigation, as well as conflicting stakeholder interests. In particular, the paper examines the short-term and long-term programs that comprise the Delaware River Basin Commission's (DRBC) and the 1954 US Supreme Court Decree parties' successful adaptive management approach that seeks to balance the growing list of demands for water resources management, including drinking water supply, drought management, flood control and cold water fisheries protection. Review of the DRBC's adaptive governance approach reveals the critical complexities of designing experimental, yet science-driven management approaches and effectively engaging various sets of stakeholders in the associated decision-making processes.

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18

Hooper, Bruce. "River basin organization performance indicators: application to the Delaware River basin commission." Water Policy 12, no. 4 (2010): 461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.111.

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This paper reports the development of performance indicators of a river basin management organization's ability to undertake integrated water resources management, and applies them to a US basin organization: a river basin commission. Integrated water resources management (IWRM) and integrated river basin management (IRBM) are defined, in the context of international and US advances in IWRM and IRBM. A suite of good governance factors was assembled from the reviews of consultants' practical experiences in river basin management, peer-reviewed literature, government reports and policy statements, and reports of river basin management practice. A list of impediments to the implementation of IRBM was also assembled. These sources were used as the data set to develop 115 indicators of best practice in IRBM; these indicators were grouped into ten categories: coordinated decision-making, responsive decision-making, goals and goal shift, financial sustainability, organizational design, role of law, training and capacity building, information and research, accountability and monitoring, private and public sector roles. This paper reports the results of a facilitated workshop with the Delaware River Basin Commission's staff and stakeholders to apply the indicators to their setting. The outcome of the workshop was a self-assessment tool for performance evaluation, involving triaging the basin organization situation, checking performance against 20 performance benchmarks and using 63 performance indicators for basin commission settings. The paper concludes with a discussion of the issues surrounding the application of the performance indicators to other US basins and commissions.

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19

Nolan, Kathleen, Joseph Grossfield, and Isaac Wirgin. "Discrimination among Atlantic Coast Populations of American Shad (Alosa sapidissima) Using Mitochondrial DNA." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 9 (1991): 1724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-204.

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We used restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to differentiate among spawning stocks of American shad (Alosa sapidissima). Highly purified mtDNA was isolated from shad from four major spawning rivers: the St. John's (Florida), the Delaware, and the Hudson in the United States and the Miramichi in New Brunswick, Canada. Primarily four-and-five-base-cutting restriction enzymes were used to prepare both individual enzyme profiles and composite genotypes. Three separate spawning stocks, St. John's, Delaware–Hudson, and Miramichi, could be distinguished based on frequency differences in mtDNA genotypes generated by single restriction enzyme digests. We could not distinguish Delaware from Hudson River shad. Only a single definitive restriction site polymorphism was observed among all samples, but polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic mobility variants were common. Eco RI, Dde I, and Rsa I revealed stock-specific mtDNA genotypes. The frequencies of some genotypes occurred in latitudinal clines. Fifty-seven of 81 fish showed individual-specific composite genotypes. Geographic partitioning of genotypes suggests that mtDNA analysis may be useful for the identification of some American shad stocks and their relative contributions to mixed coastal fisheries.

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20

Kauffman, Gerald J. "Benefit-cost analysis of water quality policy and criteria in the Delaware River." Water Policy 22, no. 3 (2020): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.017.

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Abstract This research conducts a benefit-cost analysis of water policies to reach an optimal level of dissolved oxygen (DO) to meet year-round fishable water quality criteria in the Delaware River. A watershed pollutant load model is utilized to estimate marginal cost curves of water quality improvements to meet a more protective year-round fishable standard and annual benefits are defined to achieve future DO criteria in the Delaware River. The most cost-effective DO standard is 4.5 mg/L defined by the point where the marginal benefits of willingness to pay (WTP) for improved water quality equals the marginal costs of pollution reduction. This optimal criteria (4.5 mg/L) can be achieved at a cost of $150 million with benefits ranging from $250 to $700 million/year. While a future DO standard of 4.5 mg/L reflects an economically efficient level of water quality, this DO criteria is less protective than the level of 5–6 mg/L needed to protect anadromous fish such as the Atlantic sturgeon. The policy to reach a DO level of 6 mg/L (at 80% DO saturation) may be difficult to achieve at summer water temperatures that approach 30 °C in the Delaware River at Philadelphia.

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21

Borowiak, Craig, Vicky Funari, Jesikah Maria Ross, and Helen K. White. "Troubled Waters: Tracing Globalization and Waste in the Delaware River." PS: Political Science & Politics 50, no. 01 (2017): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096516002420.

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ABSTRACT In spring 2014, an interdisciplinary media project titled “Troubled Waters: Tracing Waste in the Delaware River” was organized at Haverford College. This project brought together more than 50 students from four courses comprising introductory political science, chemistry, and documentary film students, as well as a community media artist and community partners. The aim was to explore the causes, impacts, and meanings of different types of waste that are polluting the Delaware River. Chemistry students collected samples to determine the presence of chemicals from various waste products, political science students traced the waste to globalized production processes, and documentary students explored diverse ways of representing the theme of waste on screen. This article describes the project and how it might serve as a pedagogical model for multicourse interdisciplinary collaboration and community engagement.

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22

Smith, James A., Mary Lynn Baeck, Gabriele Villarini, and Witold F. Krajewski. "The Hydrology and Hydrometeorology of Flooding in the Delaware River Basin." Journal of Hydrometeorology 11, no. 4 (2010): 841–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1236.1.

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Abstract Extreme floods in the Delaware River basin are examined through analyses of a sequence of record and near-record floods during September 2004, April 2005, and June 2006. The three flood episodes reflect three principal flood-generating mechanisms in the eastern United States: tropical cyclones (September 2004); late winter–early spring extratropical systems (April 2005); and warm-season convective systems (June 2006). Extreme flooding in the Delaware River basin is the product of heavy rainfall and runoff from high-gradient portions of the watershed. Orographic precipitation mechanisms play a central role in the extreme flood climatology of the Delaware River basin and, more generally, for the eastern United States. Extreme flooding for the 2004–06 events was produced in large measure from forested portions of the watershed. Analyses of flood frequency based on annual flood peak observations from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauging stations with “long” records illustrate the striking heterogeneity of flood response over the region, the important role of landfalling tropical cyclones for the upper tail of flood peak distributions, and the prevalence of nonstationarities in flood peak records. Analyses show that changepoints are a more common source of nonstationarity than linear time trends. Regulation by dams and reservoirs plays an important role in determining changepoints, but the downstream effects of reservoirs on flood distributions are limited.

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23

Leck, Mary Allessio, and Robert L. Simpson. "Spore Bank of a Delaware River Freshwater Tidal Wetland." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 114, no. 1 (1987): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2996382.

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24

van Snik Gray, Ellen, Robert M. Ross, and Randy M. Bennett. "Bioassessment of Fish Communities of the Upper Delaware River." Northeastern Naturalist 12, no. 2 (2005): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2005)012[0203:bofcot]2.0.co;2.

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25

Pearson, Adam J., and Jim Pizzuto. "Bedload transport over run-of-river dams, Delaware, U.S.A." Geomorphology 248 (November 2015): 382–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.07.025.

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26

Buckman, Kate, Vivien Taylor, Hannah Broadley, et al. "Methylmercury Bioaccumulation in an Urban Estuary: Delaware River, USA." Estuaries and Coasts 40, no. 5 (2017): 1358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0232-3.

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27

Duca, Kathleen. "What Stopped the Tocks Island Dam Project: The Environmental War or the War in Vietnam?" New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, no. 1 (2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v3i1.66.

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<p><em>The controversial damming of the Delaware River at Tocks Island would have created a 37-mile-long reservoir and recreational lake between the borders of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, flooding vast areas of beautiful land and historic buildings. In preparation, fifteen thousand people were displaced from their homes by the Army Corps of Engineers to create the Delaware Water Gap National Park and the proposed man-made lake. It took nearly forty years before the dam was finally de-authorized by Congress and the Delaware River permanently protected. The demise of the Tocks Island Dam project had always been incorrectly viewed as solely a victory for the environmental movement, but the dam was actually doomed much earlier when President Lyndon Johnson needed money to simultaneously fight the War in Vietnam and push through his Great Society legislation. Cost increases and budget cuts due to the war delayed the project long enough for it to get tangled in later environmental legislation. This paper demonstrates that a lack of funding in the late 1960s handed the growing environmental movement a fait accompli victory in the 1970s. </em></p>

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28

Aristizábal, María, and Robert Chant. "A Numerical Study of Salt Fluxes in Delaware Bay Estuary." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 8 (2013): 1572–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0124.1.

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Abstract The results of a numerical study of Delaware Bay using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) are presented. The simulations are run over a range of steady river inputs and used M2 and S2 tidal components to capture the spring–neap variability. Results provide a description of the spatial and temporal structure of the estuarine exchange flow and the salinity field, as well the along-channel salt flux in the estuary. The along-channel salt flux is decomposed into an advective term associated with the river flow, a steady shear dispersion Fe associated with the estuarine exchange flow, and a tidal oscillatory salt flux Ft. Time series of Fe and Ft show that both are larger during neap tide than during spring. This time variability of Ft, which is contrary to existing scalings, is caused by the lateral flows that bring velocity and salinity out of quadrature and the stronger stratification during neap tide, which causes Ft to be enhanced relative to spring tide. A fit for the salt intrusion length L with river discharge Q for a number of isohalines is performed. The functional dependences of L with Q are significantly weaker than Q−1/3 scaling. It is concluded that the response of the salt field with river discharge is due to the dependence of Fe and Ft with Q and the relative importance of Ft to the total upstream salt flux: as river discharge increases, Fe becomes the dominant mechanism. Once Fe dominates, the salt field stiffens because of a reduction of the vertical eddy viscosity with increasing Q.

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29

Grigalunas, Thomas A., James J. Opaluch, and Young Tae Chang. "Who Gains from and who Pays for Channel Deepening?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1909, no. 1 (2005): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190900109.

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Port dredging to accommodate larger vessels can create substantial national economic benefits. However, how affected individual states fare economically with dredging is often unclear and can be an important issue. The benefits and the costs to Delaware residents of dredging—with the recent proposed deepening of the Delaware Bay and River main federal channel as a case study—are examined. Benefits include ( a) lower transportation costs that residents might receive on imported goods, ( b) profits that residents would realize if cost savings (e.g., on refinery products) were not passed forward to Delaware users, ( c) project costs that residents would bear as federal taxpayers, and ( d) benefits that residents would realize if the use of dredged sediments for planned beach renourishment created savings to the state. Sensitivity analyses are used to reflect uncertainty in outcomes. The estimated net present value to Delaware today of all future annual quantifiable benefits and costs ranges between $15,528,393 and $14,195,700 over 50 years at 5.875%. Stated another way, the quantified net benefits for Delaware imply a benefit-cost ratio between 2.07 and 1.89. Hence, for every dollar of the $7.5 million that Delaware would pay as a nonfederal cosponsor, estimated quantifiable net benefits to the state are $2.07 to $1.89. Some benefit and cost estimates are vehemently debated between interested parties, and not all benefits and costs can be quantified.

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30

Leck, Mary Allessio. "Germination of Macrophytes from a Delaware River Tidal Freshwater Wetland." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 123, no. 1 (1996): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2996306.

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31

O'herron, John C., Kenneth W. Able, and Robert W. Hastings. "Movements of Shortnose Sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in the Delaware River." Estuaries 16, no. 2 (1993): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352495.

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32

Riedel, Gerhardt F., and James G. Sanders. "Trace Element Speciation and Behavior in the Tidal Delaware River." Estuaries 21, no. 1 (1998): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352548.

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33

Du, Songyan, Thomas J. Belton, and Lisa A. Rodenburg. "Source Apportionment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Tidal Delaware River." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 11 (2008): 4044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es703047a.

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34

Rowe, Amy A., Lisa A. Totten, Minge Xie, Thomas J. Fikslin, and Stephen J. Eisenreich. "Air−Water Exchange of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Delaware River." Environmental Science & Technology 41, no. 4 (2007): 1152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es061797i.

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35

Weiler, Kirk, M. Todd Walter, Michael F. Walter, Erin S. Brooks, and Chris A. Scott. "Seasonal Risk Analysis for Floodplains in the Delaware River Basin." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 126, no. 5 (2000): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2000)126:5(320).

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36

Lefebvre, Mario. "A filtered renewal process as a model for a river flow." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2005, no. 1 (2005): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mpe.2005.49.

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Various models, based on a filtered Poisson process, are used for the flow of a river. The aim is to forecast the next peak value of the flow, given that another peak was observed not too long ago. The most realistic model is the one when the time between the successive peaks doesnothave an exponential distribution, as is often assumed. An application to the Delaware River, in the USA, is presented.

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37

Houghton, R. W., R. J. Chant, Ana Rice, and Charles Tilburg. "Salt flux into coastal river plumes: Dye studies in the Delaware and Hudson River outflows." Journal of Marine Research 67, no. 6 (2009): 731–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224009792006142.

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38

Levine, Edwin A., Jay Pinckney, and Todd Montello. "FOLLOW-UP STUDY ON OILED VEGETATION CUTTING ALONG THE DELAWARE RIVER." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (1995): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-465.

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ABSTRACT In July 1992, the tank vessel Canadian Liberty spilled approximately 50 barrels of heavy Venezuelan crude oil into the Delaware River. Eight miles of New Jersey riverbank were oiled. The product clung to the vegetation, forming a bathtub ring about 20 cm wide at the high-tide mark. Cutting of vegetation was approved for areas with the highest waterfowl concentrations and highest degree of oiling, and in public-use areas. The objective of cutting was to remove impacted vegetation to prevent secondary oiling of waterfowl and to allow use of the public park. Emphasis was placed on limiting habitat degradation by selective manual cutting from boat and shore. A yearlong study was undertaken to monitor the recovery of the cut vegetation. Comparisons to uncut oiled vegetation and control sites were made. Nine monitoring stations were established in the area affected by the spill. Vegetation surveyed were Phragmites communis (common reed grass), Peltandra virginica (arrow arum), and Scripus olneyi (bulrush). One year after cleanup operations, cut and oiled vegetation appeared to have completely recovered. The distributions, densities, and heights of vegetation oiled and/or cut were not noticeably different from control transects of unimpacted vegetation.

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39

Weisberg, Stephen B., Peter Himchak, Tom Baum, Harold T. Wilson, and Russell Allen. "Temporal Trends in Abundance of Fish in the Tidal Delaware River." Estuaries 19, no. 3 (1996): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352531.

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40

Brandes, David, Gregory J. Cavallo, and Michael L. Nilson. "BASE FLOW TRENDS IN URBANIZING WATERSHEDS OF THE DELAWARE RIVER BASIN." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41, no. 6 (2005): 1377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03806.x.

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41

Prentiss, S. "Tied to Oliver's Beach: Growing Up Along the Industrialized Delaware River." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 14, no. 2 (2007): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/14.2.201.

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42

Ashley, Jeffrey T. F., Megan L. Webster, Richard J. Horwitz, David J. Velinsky, and Joel E. Baker. "Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sediment and Biota from the Delaware River Estuary." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 158, no. 1 (2009): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1635/053.158.0105.

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43

Kauffman, Gerald J. "Economic benefits of improved water quality in the Delaware River (USA)." River Research and Applications 35, no. 10 (2019): 1652–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3484.

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Kauffman, Gerald. "The Cost of Clean Water in the Delaware River Basin (USA)." Water 10, no. 2 (2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10020095.

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45

Silverman, D. J. "Peoples of the River Valleys: The Odyssey of the Delaware Indians." Ethnohistory 56, no. 2 (2009): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-2008-068.

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Kelton, Paul. "People of the River Valleys: The Odyssey of the Delaware Indians." Western Historical Quarterly 39, no. 2 (2008): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/39.2.211.

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Cottrell, Matthew T., Lisa A. Waidner, Liying Yu, and David L. Kirchman. "Bacterial diversity of metagenomic and PCR libraries from the Delaware River." Environmental Microbiology 7, no. 12 (2005): 1883–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00762.x.

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48

Kauffman, Gerald J. "Economic Value of Nature and Ecosystems in the Delaware River Basin." Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education 158, no. 1 (2016): 98–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2016.03222.x.

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49

Houghton, R. W., C. E. Tilburg, R. W. Garvine, and A. Fong. "Delaware River plume response to a strong upwelling-favorable wind event." Geophysical Research Letters 31, no. 7 (2004): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018988.

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50

Bressler, David W., John K. Jackson, Matthew J. Ehrhart, and David B. Arscott. "Building a More Scientifically Informed Community in the Delaware River Basin." Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 9, no. 1 (2019): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nib.2019.0011.

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