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Journal articles on the topic 'Delayed error correction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kao, Chian-Wen. "A preliminary investigation into student writers’ perception of corrective feedback focus." Feedback Research in Second Language 1 (December 2023): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/frsl.2023.01.13.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether second language student writers’ perception or lack of perception of targeted error type influences corrective feedback effectiveness. The targeted linguistic error type in this study involved subject-verb agreement errors. Thirty-six college students from northern Taiwan were assigned into one control group without receiving error correction, one experimental group receiving error correction without perceiving the targeted error type, and another experimental group receiving error correction and perceiving the targeted error type. The result

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Sharika, K. M., Arjun Ramakrishnan, and Aditya Murthy. "Control of Predictive Error Correction During a Saccadic Double-Step Task." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 5 (2008): 2757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90238.2008.

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We explored the nature of control during error correction using a modified saccadic double-step task in which subjects cancelled the initial saccade to the first target and redirected gaze to a second target. Failure to inhibit was associated with a quick corrective saccade, suggesting that errors and corrections may be planned concurrently. However, because saccade programming constitutes a visual and a motor stage of preparation, the extent to which parallel processing occurs in anticipation of the error is not known. To estimate the time course of error correction, a triple-step condition w

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Yoshida, Masakazu, Toru Kuriyama, and Jun Cheng. "Solutions to the mean king’s problem: Higher-dimensional quantum error-correcting codes." International Journal of Quantum Information 14, no. 08 (2016): 1650048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749916500489.

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Mean king’s problem is a kind of quantum state discrimination problems. In the problem, we try to discriminate eigenstates of noncommutative observables with the help of classical delayed information. The problem has been investigated from the viewpoint of error detection and correction. We construct higher-dimensional quantum error-correcting codes against error corresponding to the noncommutative observables. Any code state of the codes provides a way to discriminate the eigenstates correctly with the classical delayed information.

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Mat Daud, Nur Afatin, JUNITA MOHD NORDIN, ANUAR MAT SAFAR, NORIZAN MOHAMED NAWAWI, Rosemizi Abd Rahim, and Hermansyah Alam. "Visible Light Communication System Architecture for Indoor Application Incorporating Forward Error Correction Code." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 65, no. 1 (2025): 37–46. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.65.1.3746.

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VLC (or visible light communication) has grown in popularity in recent years. For next-generation communication system upgrades, dependable data transmission is essential. As the number of VLC system users increases, so does the need for consistent, rapid, and minimally delayed data delivery. However, as more consumers demanded higher speeds, transmission errors also increased. The error correction code minimizes the overall system's data error to mitigate this effect. This study examines a design architecture for a visible light communication (VLC) transmission system that incorporates forwar

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Safari, Fatemeh. "The Effect of Immediate and Delayed Error Correction on Accuracy of EFL Learners’ Oral Production." Journal of Studies in Education 6, no. 3 (2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jse.v6i3.8915.

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The concept of corrective feedback in learning a second language has gained more importance and it has been the subject of many researches during recent years. Therefore, considering some aspects that affect it such as when and how to correct, and also what types of corrective feedback are more preferable and effective is of crucial concern. The aim of this study is to find the most effective type of error correction (especially the best time: whether immediately or delayed) in the case of accuracy of Iranian EFL learners’ oral production. Thus, in order to investigate this study, 30 homogenou

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Langit-Dursin, Richel. "Incidental Corrective Feedback by Classroom Teachers and Uptake by Bilingual Elementary Students in Teacher-Learner Interactions." Indonesian JELT: Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching 11, no. 1 (2016): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/ijelt.v11i1.1489.

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The study investigated (1) the relationship between corrective feedback types and errors by bilingual elementary students in speaking; (2) corrective feedback type that leads to high uptake; (3) uptake commonly made by bilingual elementary students in response to incidental corrective feedback; and (4) perspectives of elementary classroom teachers and bilingual young learners on the provision, frequency, and timing of corrective feedback. The qualitative and quantitative research involved classroom teachers from grades 1 to 5 and bilingual elementary students. A total of 20 classroom teachers

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Pham, Quang Nam. "Can Indirect, Delayed Error Correction Improve Students’ Willingness to Speak in the Target Language?" Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 27/2 (September 17, 2018): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.27.2.10.

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At a high school where I have worked as a visiting lecturer, students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) tend to use their mother tongue (L1) instead of the target language (L2) in communicative activities. Many factors are to blame for this issue, such as the seating arrangement, the language curriculum, the influences from the interlocutors, and the teacher correction methods (Pham 2005). This study aims to propose a strategy to correct student errors during communicative activities. Data analysis shows that the strategy of error correction that a teacher uses will have a substantial imp

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ZHAO, ShengMei, Peng SHI, and Hong XIAO. "A reconciliation protocol with delayed error correction for quantum key distribution." SCIENTIA SINICA Technologica 45, no. 8 (2015): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n092014-00228.

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Iqbal, Arshad, and Mohammad Azannee Saad. "The effect of focused and comprehensive written corrective feedback on writing accuracy: A comparative study." AJELP: The Asian Journal of English Language and Pedagogy 11, no. 1 (2023): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/ajelp.vol11.1.9.2023.

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Although a vast body of research has investigated the effectiveness of written corrective feedback on students’ writing accuracy, there is relatively fewer studies that compared the effectiveness of focused and comprehensive written corrective feedback. Determining the relative efficacy of feedback focus is crucial for writing instruction as it can make error correction less tedious for the teacher and more manageable for the learner. Writing teachers need to know whether students can better internalize a selected number of error categories at a time or cope with feedback provided on all error

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Yasaei, Hasti. "The Effect of Immediate vs. Delayed Oral Corrective Feedback on the Writing Accuracy of Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 9 (2016): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0609.09.

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This research used the quasi-experimental design to investigate the effects of immediate vs. delayed oral corrective feedback (CF) on the writing accuracy of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. A Nelson English Language Test (section 200 A) was used to homogenize three classes, two of which then were randomly assigned to experimental group and one to control group. During the treatment, the experimental group 1 received immediate oral CF through a face-to-face negotiation between the teacher and each individual after an error was made by a learner. The experimental group 2 received delayed oral

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Pascual, Ananda, Christine Boone, Gilles Larnicol, and Pierre-Yves Le Traon. "On the Quality of Real-Time Altimeter Gridded Fields: Comparison with In Situ Data." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 3 (2009): 556–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecho556.1.

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Abstract The timeliness of satellite altimeter measurements has a significant effect on their value for operational oceanography. In this paper, an Observing System Experiment (OSE) approach is used to assess the quality of real-time altimeter products, a key issue for robust monitoring and forecasting of the ocean state. In addition, the effect of two improved geophysical corrections and the number of missions that are combined in the altimeter products are also analyzed. The improved tidal and atmospheric corrections have a significant effect in coastal areas (0–100 km from the shore), and a

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Frear, David. "A Cognitively Designed Error Correction Log for Facilitating the Learning of Grammatical Structures." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 2 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.2p.30.

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The exploratory study investigated the effectiveness of a new tool referred to as the error correction log (ECL). It was designed from a cognitive SLA perspective to facilitate learning, in the context of this study, of grammatical structures, following the receipt of written corrective feedback (WCF). The uniqueness of the ECL is that it guides learners through the cognitive processes deemed to underlie acquisition of grammatical structures, namely, noticing-the-gap (Schmidt & Frota, 1986), noticing (Schmidt, 1990, 2001) and noticing with metalinguistic understanding (Leow, 1997; Schmidt,

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Tazifor Tchantcho, Martial, Egon Zimmermann, Johan Alexander Huisman, Markus Dick, Achim Mester, and Stefan van Waasen. "Low-Pass Filters for a Temperature Drift Correction Method for Electromagnetic Induction Systems." Sensors 23, no. 17 (2023): 7322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177322.

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Electromagnetic induction (EMI) systems are used for mapping the soil’s electrical conductivity in near-surface applications. EMI measurements are commonly affected by time-varying external environmental factors, with temperature fluctuations being a big contributing factor. This makes it challenging to obtain stable and reliable data from EMI measurements. To mitigate these temperature drift effects, it is customary to perform a temperature drift calibration of the instrument in a temperature-controlled environment. This involves recording the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) values at

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Sheen, Younghee. "DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF ORAL AND WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN THE ESL CLASSROOM." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 32, no. 2 (2010): 203–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263109990507.

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This article examines whether there is any difference between the effect of oral and written corrective feedback (CF) on learners’ accurate use of English articles. To this end, the current research presents the results of a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, immediate-posttest, delayed-posttest design, using 12 intact intermediate English-as-a-second-language classes with adult learners of various first language backgrounds. Five groups were formed: oral recasts (n= 26), oral metalinguistic (n= 26), written direct correction (n= 31), written direct metalinguistic (n= 32), and control (n

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Reynolds, Barry Lee, and Chian-Wen Kao. "A Research Synthesis of Unfocused Feedback Studies in the L2 Writing Classroom: Implications for Future Research." Journal of Language and Education 8, no. 4 (2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/jle.2022.16516.

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Introduction. The issue of whether or not teachers should correct second language learners’ grammatical errors has been hotly contested in the literature. Researchers who studied corrective feedback were particularly interested in determining what kinds of feedback may help students commit fewer errors in subsequent writing. One of the primary points of contention in this discussion is whether language teachers should provide focused (i.e., only one or a few types of grammar errors are targeted for correction) or unfocused written corrective feedback (i.e., all error types are corrected). Alth

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Yüzbaşı, Şuayip, and Murat Karaçayır. "A numerical method for solutions of Lotka–Volterra predator–prey model with time-delay." International Journal of Biomathematics 11, no. 02 (2018): 1850028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524518500286.

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In this paper, we present a numerical scheme to obtain polynomial approximations for the solutions of continuous time-delayed population models for two interacting species. The method includes taking inner product of a set of monomials with a vector obtained from the problem under consideration. Doing this, the problem is transformed to a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. This system is then solved, yielding coefficients of the approximate polynomial solutions. In addition, the technique of residual correction, which aims to increase the accuracy of the approximate solution by estimatin

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Pinet, Svetlana, and Nazbanou Nozari. "Electrophysiological Correlates of Monitoring in Typing with and without Visual Feedback." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 4 (2020): 603–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01500.

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New theories of monitoring in language production, regardless of their mechanistic differences, all posit monitoring mechanisms that share general computational principles with action monitoring. This perspective, if accurate, would predict that many electrophysiological signatures of performance monitoring should be recoverable from language production tasks. In this study, we examined both error-related and feedback-related EEG indices of performance monitoring in the context of a typing-to-dictation task. To disentangle the contribution of the external from internal monitoring processes, we

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Luo, Ke, and Hong Li Lv. "Output Prediction Method Based on Model and its Application in Power Systems." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 986–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.986.

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An output prediction method based on state space model is proposed to overcome the poor reliability of the prediction method that does not use system model. The open-loop state observer is established based on the system state space model. Then the output prediction model is built in which the prediction error is used as input and a correction module is also contained. The module is used to correct the prediction error, and then the current predicted output can be obtained by the model from the delayed output. At last, a wide-area damping controller in power systems based on output prediction

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Contini, Mauro, Alessandra Angelucci, Andrea Aliverti, et al. "Comparison between PtCO2 and PaCO2 and Derived Parameters in Heart Failure Patients during Exercise: A Preliminary Study." Sensors 21, no. 19 (2021): 6666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196666.

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Evaluation of arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) and dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) during exercise is important for the identification of exercise limitation causes in heart failure (HF). However, repeated sampling of arterial or arterialized ear lobe capillary blood may be clumsy. The aim of our study was to estimate PaCO2 by means of a non-invasive technique, transcutaneous PCO2 (PtCO2), and to verify the correlation between PtCO2 and PaCO2 and between their derived parameters, such as VD/VT, during exercise in HF patients. 29 cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) performed

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Shabani, Karim, and Fatemeh Safari. "Immediate vs Delayed Correction Feedback (CF) and Accuracy of Oral Production: The Role of Anxiety." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 11 (2016): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0611.21.

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The objective of this study was twofold: a) to evaluate L2 learners’ perspectives on the level of anxiety caused by different corrective feedbacks (Immediate vs. Delayed) and b) to uncover students’ views towards the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of their oral production. Following an OPT, 30 students were selected as the main cohort of the study and then randomly assigned to two groups of 15. To collect the data, a close-ended questionnaire proposed by Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1986) along with an additional open-ended questionnaire (developed by the researcher) was administered to the

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Diab, Nuwar Mawlawi. "The impact of language learning strategies and motivation on L2 writers’ lexical accuracy in response to WCF." Feedback Research in Second Language 1 (December 2023): 197–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/frsl.2023.01.11.

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The role individual differences play in developing learners’ L2 has received sufficient attention, but only few studies have addressed the relationship between these differences and learners’ lexical development. Accordingly, this study investigates the influence of two learner differences, namely language learning strategies (LLS) and motivation on reducing 63 L2 learners’ lexical errors revised in response to coded teacher feedback. Data was collected from a pretest essay and a survey about students’ motivation to learn. Students received training sessions on how to apply LLS to revise lexic

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Beesley, Lauren J., Dave Osthus, and Sara Y. Del Valle. "Addressing delayed case reporting in infectious disease forecast modeling." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 6 (2022): e1010115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010115.

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Infectious disease forecasting is of great interest to the public health community and policymakers, since forecasts can provide insight into disease dynamics in the near future and inform interventions. Due to delays in case reporting, however, forecasting models may often underestimate the current and future disease burden. In this paper, we propose a general framework for addressing reporting delay in disease forecasting efforts with the goal of improving forecasts. We propose strategies for leveraging either historical data on case reporting or external internet-based data to estimate the

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Fhaeizdhyall, Abang, and Collin Jerome. "THE EFFECT OF WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK STRATEGIES ON COLLOCATION ERRORS OF LOW-PERFORMING ESL LEARNERS." Premise: Journal of English Education 9, no. 2 (2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/pj.v9i2.2755.

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The studies on error correction have been laying their emphasis on grammatical structures of the language with lack of focus on non-grammatical aspect such as lexical collocation. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the effect of direct and indirect written corrective feedback on low-performing ESL learners. Ninety-two students of a public university involved in the study. Three intact groups that have equal proficiency were identified at the beginning of the universityâ€™s academic term. A quasi-experimental design was employed with two experimental groups receiving indirect WCF and d

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Burns, S. P., T. W. Horst, L. Jacobsen, P. D. Blanken, and R. K. Monson. "Using sonic anemometer temperature to measure sensible heat flux in strong winds." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 9 (2012): 2095–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-2095-2012.

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Abstract. Sonic anemometers simultaneously measure the turbulent fluctuations of vertical wind (w') and sonic temperature (Ts'), and are commonly used to measure sensible heat flux (H). Our study examines 30-min heat fluxes measured with a Campbell Scientific CSAT3 sonic anemometer above a subalpine forest. We compared H calculated with Ts to H calculated with a co-located thermocouple and found that, for horizontal wind speed (U) less than 8 m s−1, the agreement was around ±30 W m−2. However, for U ≈ 8 m s−1, the CSAT H had a generally positive deviation from H calculated with the thermocoupl

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Khattak, Arshad Iqbal, and Mohammad Azannee Saad. "The Comparative Effectiveness of Focused and Comprehensive Written Corrective Feedback on Writing Accuracy: A Mixed-Methods Perspective." IIUM Journal of Educational Studies 12, no. 2 (2024): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijes.v12i2.519.

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While research has extensively looked into the impact of written corrective feedback (WCF) on EFL/SL learners' writing accuracy, research exploring the comparative effectiveness of focused and comprehensive WCF in enhancing learners' writing accuracy is notably scant. Assessing the comparative efficaciousness of feedback focus is highly important for facilitating error correction for teachers and making it more feasible for learners. This mixed-methods study explored the efficacy of those two methods of WCF on Saudi EFL learners' writing accuracy in their essays. Essays were collected from 18

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Khezrlou, Sima. "The role of task repetition with direct written corrective feedback in L2 writing complexity, accuracy and fluency." Journal of Second Language Studies 3, no. 1 (2020): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jsls.19025.khe.

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Abstract This study explored whether the effects of task repetition in drawing learners’ attention to linguistic form could be reinforced through the provision of two types of unfocused direct written corrective feedback. Fifty-seven learners formed three conditions: (1) task repetition with no feedback (TR, control), (2) task repetition with error correction (TR+EC), and (3) task repetition with reformulation (TR+R). All groups repeated an identical writing narrative task but only the experimental groups received feedback after their initial task performance. All participants were then asked

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Nayak, Kajal, Salal Khan, and Kamal Pant. "A Retrospective Study on Clinical Presentation and Features of Refractive Accommodative Esotropia among Children and Its Significance with Ocular Profile." International Journal of Medical and Allied Health Sciences 3, no. 02 (2023): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54618/ijmahs.2023321.

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Purpose: To report the ocular profile of children with refractive accommodative esotropia. Material & Methods: It was a retrospective observational study with a sample size of 162 subjects presenting at Centre for Sight and diagnosed with refractive accommodative esotropia in the age group of 3 years and above. A thorough eye examination of the patients was done and the full cycloplegic refractive correction was prescribed. The patients were called for follow-up with prescribed glasses to assess the visual acuity and deviation with Rx. The features studied were ocular alignment with correc

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Rushworth, M. F. S., K. A. Hadland, D. Gaffan, and R. E. Passingham. "The Effect of Cingulate Cortex Lesions on Task Switching and Working Memory." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15, no. 3 (2003): 338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903321593072.

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Anatomic interconnections between the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices suggest that these areas may have similar functions. Here we report the effect of anterior cingulate removal on task switching, error monitoring, and working memory. Neuroimaging studies have implicated the cingulate cortex in all these processes. Six macaques were taught task switching (TS) and delayed alternation (DA) paradigms. TS required switching between two conditional response tasks with mutually incompatible response selection rules. DA required alternation between two identically covered food-well positi

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Wilkes, A. L., and M. Leatherbarrow. "Editing Episodic Memory following the Identification of Error." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 40, no. 2 (1988): 361–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724988843000168.

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The editing of an episodic memory record in order to remove incorrect information embedded within naturalistic communications is an important though underinvestigated phenomenon. Experiment 1 deals with the recall and comprehension of a sequence of messages following the delayed identification of one of the messages as being incorrect. Two styles of correction were employed, and it was found that in neither case was the memory record edited effectively. Inferences based upon the old information continued to be drawn although subjects had clearly recalled that it had been subsequently corrected

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Xing-Hua, Lu, Huang Peng-Fen, and Huang Wei-Peng. "Robust control method for bionic gait of machine legs based on time delay feedback." MATEC Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817302009.

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The bionic machine leg is disturbed by the joint during the walking process, which is easy to produce time delay, which causes the robustness of the control of the machine leg is not good. In order to improve the robustness of the bionic gait control of the machine leg, a robust control method for the bionic gait of the machine leg based on time - delay feedback is proposed. The gait correlation parameters of robot leg are collected by sensor array, and the dynamic model of bionic gait is constructed. The fuzzy controller of bionic gait of robot leg is constructed by using time-delay coupling

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Sayeed, Adiba, Mohammed Abdul Hannan Hazari, and Mehnaaz Sameera Arifuddin. "Immediate and delayed effect of Ramadan fasting on spirometry parameters." Annals of Medical Physiology 2, no. 1 (2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23921/amp.2018v2i1.279619.

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Fasting in the month of Ramadan is an obligatory duty for muslims. Researchers have investigated health benefits of fasting and reported conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate and delayed effects of Ramadan fasting on spirometric parameters. 50 apparently healthy young adults aged between 17-27 years, belonging to both genders who fast during the month of Ramadan were enrolled for the study. Spirometric recordings were done at three different time points. First: 5-10 days before the start of Ramadan (Pre-Ramadan); second: within 10 days of the beginning o

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Sayeed, Adiba, Mohammed Abdul Hannan Hazari, and Mehnaaz Sameera Arifuddin. "Immediate and delayed effect of Ramadan fasting on spirometry parameters." Annals of Medical Physiology 2, no. 1 (2018): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.23921/amp.2018v2i1.279619.

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Fasting in the month of Ramadan is an obligatory duty for muslims. Researchers have investigated health benefits of fasting and reported conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate and delayed effects of Ramadan fasting on spirometric parameters. 50 apparently healthy young adults aged between 17-27 years, belonging to both genders who fast during the month of Ramadan were enrolled for the study. Spirometric recordings were done at three different time points. First: 5-10 days before the start of Ramadan (Pre-Ramadan); second: within 10 days of the beginning o

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Guo, Wanqi, and Shigeyuki Tateno. "Investigation into the Performance Enhancement and Configuration Paradigm of Partially Integrated RL-MPC System." Mathematics 13, no. 15 (2025): 2341. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13152341.

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The improvement of the partially integrated reinforcement learning-model predictive control (RL-MPC) system is developed in the paper by introducing the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) and Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithms. This framework differs from the traditional ones, which completely substitute the MPC prediction model; instead, an RL agent refines predictions through feedback correction and thus maintains interpretability while improving robustness. Most importantly, the study details two configuration paradigms: decoupled (offline policy applica

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Canals, Laia, Gisela Granena, Yucel Yilmaz, and Aleksandra Malicka. "Second Language Learners’ and Teachers’ Perceptions of Delayed Immediate Corrective Feedback in an Asynchronous Online Setting An Exploratory Study." TESL Canada Journal 37, no. 2 (2020): 181–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v37i2.1336.

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Online language courses that rely on asynchronous teacher-learner communication face a practical problem when it comes to the provision of immediate corrective feedback by the teacher in oral interaction tasks. In this learning context, learners can still communicate synchronously and record their interaction without the teacher being present, but feedback by the teacher will be delayed in time. Research indicates that the effectiveness of feedback decreases as the time between the error and the correction increases and that immediate feedback is more effective (Arroyo & Yilmaz, 2018; Shin

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Yin, Xueke. "How Effective are Recasts in Providing Corrective Feedback? - An Analysis of Recent Perspectives." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 10, no. 1 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.10n.1p.33.

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Inspired by the previous recast literature, this paper aims to investigate whether more explicit recasts are more effective than implicit recasts in second language grammar teaching and learning. Four empirical studies (two classroom-based and two laboratory-based) on implicit and explicit recasts were reviewed. In the two classroom-based studies, recasts were coded as explicit or implicit according to their length, intonation, number of changes, type of change, prosodic emphasis, etc. The effectiveness of recasts was measured by learners’ successful uptake rate and test scores. Conclusion dra

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Ozker, Muge, Werner Doyle, Orrin Devinsky, and Adeen Flinker. "A cortical network processes auditory error signals during human speech production to maintain fluency." PLOS Biology 20, no. 2 (2022): e3001493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001493.

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Hearing one’s own voice is critical for fluent speech production as it allows for the detection and correction of vocalization errors in real time. This behavior known as the auditory feedback control of speech is impaired in various neurological disorders ranging from stuttering to aphasia; however, the underlying neural mechanisms are still poorly understood. Computational models of speech motor control suggest that, during speech production, the brain uses an efference copy of the motor command to generate an internal estimate of the speech output. When actual feedback differs from this int

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Nusrat, Aasia, Farzana Ashraf, Sardaraz Khan, Shazia Aziz, and Riffat Jabeen. "Is Indirect Written Feedback Valuable? A Study Targeting ESL University Students in Pakistan." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 5 (2019): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n5p340.

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The aim of this small-scale study is to investigate the effect of indirect written feedback (coded and un-coded correction along with revisions) among ESL learners in Pakistani University and learners&rsquo; written accuracy in three types of errors (i.e., articles, past simple tense, and prepositions). In this quasi-experimental study, 50 students are randomly assigned into two groups. At initial level, teachers provide indirect written feedback (e.g., underlining, circling or error codes are provided for three types of errors) to the first group, and no feedback is provided to the second

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Barbetta, Patricia M., William L. Heward, Donna M. Bradley, and April D. Miller. "EFFECTS OF IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED ERROR CORRECTION ON THE ACQUISITION AND MAINTENANCE OF SIGHT WORDS BY STUDENTS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 27, no. 1 (1994): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1994.27-177.

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Storto, Andrea, and Simona Masina. "C-GLORSv5: an improved multipurpose global ocean eddy-permitting physical reanalysis." Earth System Science Data 8, no. 2 (2016): 679–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-679-2016.

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Abstract. Global ocean reanalyses combine in situ and satellite ocean observations with a general circulation ocean model to estimate the time-evolving state of the ocean, and they represent a valuable tool for a variety of applications, ranging from climate monitoring and process studies to downstream applications, initialization of long-range forecasts and regional studies. The purpose of this paper is to document the recent upgrade of C-GLORS (version 5), the latest ocean reanalysis produced at the Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC) that covers the meteorological sa

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Lee, Choongkil, David S. Zee, and Dominik Straumann. "Saccades From Torsional Offset Positions Back to Listing's Plane." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 6 (2000): 3241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.6.3241.

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Rapid eye movements include saccades and quick phases of nystagmus and may have components around all three axes of ocular rotation: horizontal, vertical, and torsional. In this study, we recorded horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements in normal subjects with their heads upright and stationary. We asked how the eyes are brought back to Listing's plane after they are displaced from it. We found that torsional offsets, induced with a rotating optokinetic disk oriented perpendicular to the subject's straight ahead, were corrected during both horizontal and vertical voluntary saccades.

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Marmol, Francesc, Alvaro Escribano, and Felipe M. Aparicio. "INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLE INTERPRETATION OF COINTEGRATION WITH INFERENCE RESULTS FOR FRACTIONAL COINTEGRATION." Econometric Theory 18, no. 3 (2002): 646–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466602183046.

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In this paper we propose an alternative characterization of the central notion of cointegration, exploiting the relationship between the autocovariance and the cross-covariance functions of the series. This characterization leads us to propose a new estimator of the cointegrating parameter based on the instrumental variables (IV) methodology. The instrument is a delayed regressor obtained from the conditional bivariate system of nonstationary fractionally integrated processes with a weakly stationary error correction term. We prove the consistency of this estimator and derive its limiting dist

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Xu, Jinfen, and Changying Li. "Timing of form-focused instruction: Effects on EFL learners’ grammar learning." Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching 12, no. 3 (2022): 405–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2022.12.3.4.

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This study investigates how different form-focused instruction (FFI) timing impacts English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ grammar development. A total of 169 Chinese middle school learners were assigned to four conditions randomly: control, before-isolated FFI, integrated FFI, and after-isolated FFI. The three experimental groups received treatments which combined form and meaning with the English passive voice as the teaching target, but learners’ attention was drawn to the passive voice with different timing. The before-isolated and after-isolated groups received the treatment before

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Reuter, M., M. Buchwitz, O. Schneising, et al. "A simple empirical model estimating atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> background concentrations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 1 (2012): 1293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-1293-2012.

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Abstract. A simple empirical CO2 model (SECM) is presented to estimate column-average dry-air mole fractions of atmospheric CO2 (XCO2) as well as mixing ratio profiles. SECM is based on a simple equation depending on 17 empirical parameters, latitude, and date. The empirical parameters have been determined by least squares fitting to NOAA's (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) assimilation system CarbonTracker version 2010 (CT2010). Comparisons with TCCON (total column carbon observing network) FTS (Fourier transform spectrometer) measurements show that SECM XCO2 agrees quite well

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Behroozmand, Roozbeh, Hanjun Liu, and Charles R. Larson. "Time-dependent Neural Processing of Auditory Feedback during Voice Pitch Error Detection." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 5 (2011): 1205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21447.

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The neural responses to sensory consequences of a self-produced motor act are suppressed compared with those in response to a similar but externally generated stimulus. Previous studies in the somatosensory and auditory systems have shown that the motor-induced suppression of the sensory mechanisms is sensitive to delays between the motor act and the onset of the stimulus. The present study investigated time-dependent neural processing of auditory feedback in response to self-produced vocalizations. ERPs were recorded in response to normal and pitch-shifted voice auditory feedback during activ

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Phuong, Thi Thanh Huyen. "Feedback on Pronunciation: Vietnamese EFL Teachers’ Beliefs and Practice." SAGE Open 12, no. 3 (2022): 215824402211266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221126612.

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In EFL classrooms today, teachers are facing the challenge of helping their students improve their intelligibility in international communication in English. Feedback is one of the main ways through which teachers are performing the task. However, feedback on students’ English pronunciation has not received commensurate attention in EFL contexts. Aiming to shed some light on this essential but neglected aspect of English language teaching (ETL), this study examines the beliefs and practices of ten experienced teachers of English at a non-English-major university in Vietnam. Findings derived fr

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Vukušić, Kruno, and Iva M. Tolić. "Polar Chromosomes—Challenges of a Risky Path." Cells 11, no. 9 (2022): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091531.

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The process of chromosome congression and alignment is at the core of mitotic fidelity. In this review, we discuss distinct spatial routes that the chromosomes take to align during prometaphase, which are characterized by distinct biomolecular requirements. Peripheral polar chromosomes are an intriguing case as their alignment depends on the activity of kinetochore motors, polar ejection forces, and a transition from lateral to end-on attachments to microtubules, all of which can result in the delayed alignment of these chromosomes. Due to their undesirable position close to and often behind t

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Pisa, Ivan, Antoni Morell, Ramón Vilanova, and Jose Lopez Vicario. "Industrial Control under Non-Ideal Measurements: Data-Based Signal Processing as an Alternative to Controller Retuning." Sensors 21, no. 4 (2021): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041237.

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Industrial environments are characterised by the non-lineal and highly complex processes they perform. Different control strategies are considered to assure that these processes are correctly performed. Nevertheless, these strategies are sensible to noise-corrupted and delayed measurements. For that reason, denoising techniques and delay correction methodologies should be considered but, most of these techniques require a complex design and optimisation process as a function of the scenario where they are applied. To alleviate this, a complete data-based approach devoted to denoising and corre

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Jutard, Quentin, Emanuele Organelli, Nathan Briggs, et al. "Correction of Biogeochemical-Argo Radiometry for Sensor Temperature-Dependence and Drift: Protocols for a Delayed-Mode Quality Control." Sensors 21, no. 18 (2021): 6217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186217.

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Measuring the underwater light field is a key mission of the international Biogeochemical-Argo program. Since 2012, 0–250 dbar profiles of downwelling irradiance at 380, 412 and 490 nm besides photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) have been acquired across the globe every 1 to 10 days. The resulting unprecedented amount of radiometric data has been previously quality-controlled for real-time distribution and ocean optics applications, yet some issues affecting the accuracy of measurements at depth have been identified such as changes in sensor dark responsiveness to ambient temperature,

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Zhang, Qianwu, Yuntong Jiang, Hai Zhou, et al. "137 Gb/s PAM-4 Transmissions at 850 nm over 40 cm Optical Backplane with 25 G Devices with Improved Neural Network-Based Equalization." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (2019): 5095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235095.

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An improved neural network-based equalization method is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The up-to-137 Gb/s transmission of four level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signals with 25 G class 850 nm optical devices is achieved over an in-house fabricated 40 cm optical backplane. An in-depth investigation is conducted regarding the impact of delayed taps and spans on equalization performance. A performance comparison of the proposed method with the traditional maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) and decision feedback equalization (DFE) is also undertaken. For the bit rate f

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McKenna, Erin, Laurence C. Jayet Bray, Weiwei Zhou, and Wilsaan M. Joiner. "The absence or temporal offset of visual feedback does not influence adaptation to novel movement dynamics." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (2017): 2483–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00636.2016.

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Delays in transmitting and processing sensory information require correctly associating delayed feedback to issued motor commands for accurate error compensation. The flexibility of this alignment between motor signals and feedback has been demonstrated for movement recalibration to visual manipulations, but the alignment dependence for adapting movement dynamics is largely unknown. Here we examined the effect of visual feedback manipulations on force-field adaptation. Three subject groups used a manipulandum while experiencing a lag in the corresponding cursor motion (0, 75, or 150 ms). When

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