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Journal articles on the topic 'Delegation of powers – Macau'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

FRANCHINO, FABIO. "Delegating Powers in the European Community." British Journal of Political Science 34, no. 2 (2004): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123404000055.

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The theory of delegation developed by Epstein and O'Halloran for the US federal system is used here to generate original hypotheses on the politics of delegation in the European Community (EC). It is argued that two institutional features of the Community, namely the decision rules of the Council of Ministers and the possibility of relying on both the Commission and the member states for policy implementation are at the core of the choices of delegation of EC legislators. Using an original dataset of 158 major EC legislative acts, it is demonstrated that the Council delegates greater policy au

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2

Tymoshchuk, Viktor. "On decentralization of powers to provide administrative services." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 32 (2021): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2021-32-366-376.

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Introduction. The formation of public administration in Ukraine is simultaneously influenced by many factors. These are both the service view of the state and the development of the doctrine of administrative services, and the implementation of decentralization reform, in particular the consolidation of territorial communities, as well as digitalization. In this context, it becomes an urgent task to assess the effectiveness of policy on decentralization of powers, its positives, risks, prospects. Aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to study the issue of decentralization of powers

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3

Serohina, Svitlana, Iryna Bodrova, and Anna Novak. "Delegation of State Powers to Local Self-Government Bodies: Foreign Experience and Ukrainian Realities." Baltic Journal of European Studies 9, no. 3 (2019): 262–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2019-0033.

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AbstractThis article is devoted to the study of the problems of the delegation of state powers to local self-government bodies. The paper reveals the pluralism of approaches to the organization of models of such interaction in the countries where various doctrines of the organization and functioning of local self-government prevail (the state-oriented doctrine, the community-oriented doctrine, and the doctrine of municipal dualism). Using the example of various European states (grouped on the basis of the prevailing doctrines presented above for convenience), we reveal specific schemes for the

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4

Simoncini, Marta. "Paradigms for EU Law and the Limits of Delegation. The Case of EU Agencies." Perspectives on Federalism 9, no. 2 (2017): E—47—E—72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pof-2017-0009.

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Abstract This article questions the idea that the EU is a pure regulatory power based on supranational delegation of competence from the Member States. It claims the insufficiency of this single paradigm to explain the developments of EU law and the need to integrate it with recognition of the constitutional foundations of EU law. The analysis demonstrates this by focusing on a specific case study of institutional design in the internal market integration: the delegation of powers to EU agencies. By recognising the judicial evolution of the so-called Meroni doctrine concerning the non-delegati

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5

Geys, Benny, and Rune J. Sørensen. "Administrative Delegation of Budgetary Powers and Fiscal Performance." Kyklos 73, no. 4 (2020): 477–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12248.

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6

Majone, Giandomenico. "Delegation of Regulatory Powers in a Mixed Polity." European Law Journal 8, no. 3 (2002): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0386.00156.

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7

Piombo, Horacio J. J. "Privatización de funciones inherentemente estatales." Revista Jurídica Austral 1, no. 2 (2020): 627–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26422/rja.2020.0102.pio.

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Interbranch delegation of powers has been an issue of deep and recurrent analysis in our field; particularly, the exercise of legislative powers by the Executive branch. Conversely, the delega-tion of inherently governmental functions to private parties has received less attention. This essay tries to determine what should be understood by such, and consequently, if the transfer of certain quintessential state matters to private hands is tolerated by our legal system –and if so, under what circumstances– in light of the non-delegation doctrine, due process of law and the democratic form of gov

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8

Romanovskaya, O. V. "THe problem of delegation of state authority of the subjects of private law: current practice and doctrine." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 2, no. 1 (2015): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18003.

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In the article legal problems of delegation of separate state-imperious powers to the nonstate organizations are considered. The basic blanks are revealed, ways of their permission are offered. The general rules of delegation by which the legislature should be guided at acceptance of the corresponding legal certificate are presented.

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9

Häge, Frank. "The Powers of the Union: Delegation in the EU." West European Politics 31, no. 5 (2008): 1089–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402380802236693.

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10

Wallerstein, Shlomit. "Delegation of Powers and Authority in International Criminal Law." Criminal Law and Philosophy 9, no. 1 (2013): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11572-013-9203-3.

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11

ANASTASOPOULOS, L. JASON, and ANTHONY M. BERTELLI. "Understanding Delegation Through Machine Learning: A Method and Application to the European Union." American Political Science Review 114, no. 1 (2019): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055419000522.

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Delegation of powers represents a grant of authority by politicians to one or more agents whose powers are determined by the conditions in enabling statutes. Extant empirical studies of this problem have relied on labor-intensive content analysis that ultimately restricts our knowledge of how delegation has responded to politics and institutional change in recent years. We present a machine learning approach to the empirical estimation of authority and constraint in European Union (EU) legislation, and demonstrate its ability to accurately generate the same discretionary measures used in an or

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12

Weiß, Wolfgang. "Delegation to treaty bodies in EU agreements: constitutional constraints and proposals for strengthening the European Parliament." European Constitutional Law Review 14, no. 3 (2018): 532–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019618000305.

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EU Free Trade Agreements joint organs – Comprehensive powers beyond executive implementation – Democratic legitimacy concerns – Establishment of treaty bodies in CETA as a conferral of public powers – Limits to delegation prescribed by EU constitutional law – Mechanisms to strengthen the control of the European Parliament over the treaty bodies’ decision-making

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13

Romanovskaya, O. V. "DELEGATION OF STATE AUTHORITATIVE POWERS IN THE PUBLIC REGULATION SYSTEM." ВЕСТНИК ПЕРМСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ, no. 36 (2017): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2017-36-143-154.

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14

van der Mei, A. P. "Delegation of Rulemaking Powers to the European Commission post-Lisbon." European Constitutional Law Review 12, no. 03 (2016): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019616000353.

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15

Erne, Jaanika. "Conferral of Powers by States as a Basis of Obligation of International Organisations." Nordic Journal of International Law 78, no. 2 (2009): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181009x431749.

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AbstractThe article examines some traditional forms of conferral of powers on international organisations – by international treaties (“common” international treaties and constituent international treaties that can form the basis for further delegation) and for supranational law-making. The main conclusion is that although the agreed norms may be construed in the application processes, the formal determination of powers remains the formal basis of action.

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16

Ip, Eric C. "COMPARATIVE SUBNATIONAL FOREIGN RELATIONS LAW IN THE CHINESE SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 65, no. 4 (2016): 953–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589316000427.

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AbstractThe increasing importance of subnational governments in interstate affairs calls for international and comparative law scholars to take subnational foreign relations law more seriously. This article conceives this law as the legal rules that regulate the vertical allocation of foreign relations powers within and across States, and constructs an analytical framework that addresses the questions of why any sovereign would grant extensive foreign relations powers to constituent entities and how such an arrangement plays out in actual practice. This study takes a comparative approach to ca

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17

Ballmann, Alexander, David Epstein, and Sharyn O'Halloran. "Delegation, Comitology, and the Separation of Powers in the European Union." International Organization 56, no. 3 (2002): 551–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081802760199881.

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Although relatively unknown outside of Europe, comitology committees are an object of considerable controversy in the European Union (EU). Controversy stems from their pivotal role in overseeing policy implementation authority delegated from the Council of Ministers (Council) to the European Commission (Commission). In this article, we employ a game-theoretic model to analyze the influence of these, committees on policy outcomes. Our analysis provides three important insights. First, we show that, contrary to the conventional wisdom, comitology committees move outcomes toward the Commission's

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18

Kohn, Lauren. "The Failure of an Arranged Marriage: The Traditional Leadership/Democracy Amalgamation Made Worse by the Draft Traditional Affairs Bill." Southern African Public Law 29, no. 2 (2017): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3645.

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This article presents an analysis of the recently published Draft Traditional Affairs Bill, 2013 and, in particular, clause 25 thereof. Clause 25 (‘[a]llocation of roles…’) contemplates something akin to the delegation of legislative power – in an unguided and unfettered manner – to ‘departments’ in the national and provincial spheres of government and the concomitant subdelegation of ‘roles’ in respect of the functional areas of these spheres to unelected traditional councils and leaders. This provision threatens not only the rule of law, but also the delicate twofold constitutional division

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19

Lopes, Helena F. S. "Inter-imperial Humanitarianism: The Macau Delegation of the Portuguese Red Cross during the Second World War." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 46, no. 6 (2018): 1125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2018.1452542.

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20

DOLEYS, THOMAS. "The Powers of the Union: Delegation in the EU – By F. Franchino." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 46, no. 3 (2008): 739–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2008.00797_26.x.

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21

Baoying, Guan. "The Legal Basis of Delegation of Governmental Powers in a Changing Society." Social Sciences in China 36, no. 3 (2015): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2015.1062231.

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22

Haibach, Georg. "Comitology: A Comparative Analysis of the Separation and Delegation of Legislative Powers." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 4, no. 4 (1997): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x9700400404.

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23

Avgerinos, Yannis V. "Essential and Non-essential Measures: Delegation of Powers in EU Securities Regulation." European Law Journal 8, no. 2 (2002): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0386.00153.

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24

Almieva, Alina Alekseevna. "On certain aspects of counteracting corruption in electoral process." Право и политика, no. 1 (January 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.1.31962.

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The subject of this research is the separate provisions of legislation on elections, as well as the law enforcement practice in light of their correspondence with legislation on countering corruption &ndash; the new vector of research in electoral law. The object of this research is the social relations in the area of elections. The author examines the instance of consolidating the powers of the territorial electoral commission and electoral commission of a municipal formation, as well as the practice of information support of elections by mass media, established by the candidates and poli

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25

Berdutin, V. A. "Typological bases of delegation in the healthcare system." Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer), no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-03-2012-01.

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Corporate culture, loyalty and creative activity of medical workers are directly dependent on the management style. Today, the head of a healthcare organization has the opportunity to choose a management model that suits him, for example, such as the Harzburg model based on the delegation of authority and responsibility. The main idea here is that each employee gets a certain range of tasks and powers, within which they have the right to act independently and make decisions. The model pays special attention to soft management, i.e. human resources management skills and the art of interpersonal

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26

Ye.V., Zozulia, and Hanzha Ya. K. "UKRAINE AS A UNITARY STATE." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2020, no. 2 (2020): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2020.02.103.

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The article analyzes the concept of a unitary state, considers decentralization in unitary states, and studies the views of various scientists on the processes of decentralization in unitary states. The most optimal form of government for Ukraine is determined to be a unitary republic with an expanded list of delegated powers to the regions. Key words: decentralization, deconcentration, devolution, delegation, unitarity, unitary state.

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27

Tsabeka, A. V. "DELEGATION OF POWERS IN THE MECHANISM OF DECENTRALIZATION OF EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES IN UKRAINE." State and Regions. Series: Law, no. 2 (2020): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/1813-338x-2020.2.18.

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28

Matulov, Boris N. "Delegation of State Social Powers to Local Self-Government Authorities: Opportunities and Limits." State power and local self-government 4 (April 22, 2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2020-4-30-33.

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29

Alì, Antonino. "The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the Sanctions Against the Russian Federation in Response to the Crisis in Ukraine." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 27, no. 1 (2018): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-02701005.

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The article examines the actions taken by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) against the delegation of the Russian Federation in response to the crisis in Ukraine. In 2014 the Assembly decided to suspend some of the rights of the Russian delegation and menaced to annul the credentials of the delegation if an effective effort was not made on the part of Russia to sort out the situation and to reverse the annexation. The adoption of sanctions against the Russian delegation raised several legal issues related to the very existence of a sanctioning power of the CoE and in p

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30

Zhylenko, N. "CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE DELEGATION OF POWERS BY THE MANAGER OF A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Pedagogy, no. 2 (12) (2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-3699.2020.12.04.

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The article deals with the level of readiness of the manager of the Free Economic Zone to delegate his powers and summarizes the experience of such activities. During the study of the activities of vice-rectors, heads of departments, deans of faculties, directors of institutes, educational and research centers of higher education, it was found that the head (manager), as a subject of management, must be able to analyze the situation, predict strategy, plan tactics to achieve defined goals and organize operational management for their implementation. But most of the respondents approach the sol

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31

Lebeck, Carl. "National Constitutionalism, Openness to International Law and the Pragmatic Limits of European Integration – European Law in the German Constitutional Court from EEC to the PJCC." German Law Journal 7, no. 11 (2006): 907–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200005198.

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The issue of how democratic and constitutional nation states shall square international cooperation with their commitments to constitutionalism, democratic accountability and fundamental rights is a persistent problem that becomes ever more pressing with increasing international integration. The German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) is well-known for having developed a detailed case law on the extent and forms of delegation of powers from the German state to inter-and supranational organizations.

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32

Howell, Elizabeth. "EU AGENCIFICATION AND THE RISE OF ESMA: ARE ITS GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS FIT FOR PURPOSE?" Cambridge Law Journal 78, no. 02 (2019): 324–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197319000394.

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AbstractEU agencies have mushroomed in recent years and new agencies, such as those in the financial arena, can have far-reaching quasi-regulatory and supervisory powers. These developments raise fundamental questions as to their constitutional standing, the delegation of powers and how to wrestle the challenges of independence and accountability. This paper considers ESMA, the most ambitious new financial sector agency. It examines ESMA's governance and accountability mechanisms and makes normative proposals to better balance the competing supranational and national interests within it. Such

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33

Munir, Bakht, Ali Nawaz Khan, and Naveed Ahmad. "Necessity of Discretionary Powers: A Critical Appreciation as a Necessary Evil." Global Regional Review V, no. III (2020): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-iii).19.

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With the evolution of the modern welfare state system, state functions have multiplied manifold that consequently necessitated delegation of wide-ranged discretionary powers in the hands of administrative authorities to address ever-growing complex issues with the help of framing rules and deciding matters accordingly, which otherwise came within the exclusive domain of legislative and judicial authorities. With qualitative research methodology, this research aimed to investigate how the idea of administration emerges and whether or not discretion is an unavoidable evil. The research at hand c

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34

Mladenović, Slađana. "Accountability of European Regulatory Agencies Between the Delegation of Powers and Public Accountability Models." Serbian Political Thought 11, no. 1 (2015): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/spt.1112015.6.

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35

Volden, Craig. "A Formal Model of the Politics of Delegation in a Separation of Powers System." American Journal of Political Science 46, no. 1 (2002): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088417.

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36

Dehousse, Renaud. "Delegation of powers in the European union: The need for a multi-principals model." West European Politics 31, no. 4 (2008): 789–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402380801906072.

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37

Maher, Imelda, and Oana Stefan. "Delegation of powers and the rule of law: Energy justice in EU energy regulation." Energy Policy 128 (May 2019): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.12.046.

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38

Wolf, Loammi. "Revisiting Section 81 of the Constitution: The Commencement Date of Legislation (Legislative Power) Distinguished from Promulgation (Legislative Process)." Southern African Public Law 30, no. 1 (2017): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3534.

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Section 81 of the Constitution regulates promulgation through publication as part of the legislative process (ie, a procedural norm). The provision further creates a presumption that unless the legislature explicitly determines a commencement date in an Act it enters into force upon promulgation. The commencement date of legislation is thus part of the contents of a statute (ie, a substantive norm), which must be determined by the legislature when adopting the legislation. In a number of judgments, however, the Constitutional Court espoused the idea that the commencement date is part of the le

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39

Góralski, Wojciech. "Uzupełnienie braku upoważnienia do asystowania przy zawieraniu małżeństwa wyrazem ochrony dobra wspólnego." Ius Matrimoniale 30, no. 3 (2019): 5–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/im.2019.30.3.01.

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Even though marriage arises from the consent of parties (can. 1057 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law), it is necessary to preserve the canonical form (ordinary or extraordinary) for the validity of this relationship. Assuming that the form of marriage was established in order to eliminate secret marriages, canon 144 § 1 of the current Code of Canon Law states that in the event of factual or legal common error and in positive and probable doubt of law or of fact, the Church supplies executive power of governance for both the external and internal forum. Canon 144 § of the same Code, on t

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40

Giladi, Rotem. "Corporate Belligerency and the Delegation Theory from Grotius to Westlake." Grotiana 41, no. 2 (2020): 349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760759-41020006.

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Abstract This article starts with a critical reflection on John Westlake’s reading of the history of empire and the English/British East India Company – for him, essentially, the proper concern of ‘constitutional history’ rather than international law. For Westlake, approaching this history through the prism of nineteenth-century positivist doctrine, the Company’s exercise of war powers could only result from state delegation. Against his warnings to international lawyers not to stray from the proper boundaries of international legal inquiry, the article proceeds to recover Hugo Grotius’s theo

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41

Karagiannis, Yannis. "The Élysée Treaty and European Integration Theory." German Politics and Society 31, no. 1 (2013): 48–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2013.310104.

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According to neoliberal institutionalism, states create international institutions to limit information asymmetries, monitor compliance, and ensure the credibility of commitments to agreed-upon policies-in short, to minimize transaction costs. Although this view can help explain the delegation of powers to supranational bodies such as the European Commission, it cannot account for the signature of the Élysée Treaty between France and Germany in January 1963, which reversed the logic of supranational delegation. Understanding the causes and the consequences of this apparently anomalous event is

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42

Volden, Craig. "Erratum: A Formal Model of the Politics of Delegation in a Separation of Powers System." American Journal of Political Science 46, no. 2 (2002): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088390.

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43

Yordanova, Nikoleta, and Asya Zhelyazkova. "Legislative Control over Executive Law‐making: Delegation of Quasi‐legislative Powers to the European Commission." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 58, no. 2 (2019): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12943.

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44

Esayian, Lisa G. "Notes: Separation of Powers: The Federal Sentencing Commission: Unconstitutional Delegation and Threat to Judicial Impartiality?" Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 80, no. 4 (1990): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143686.

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45

Zanini, Paolo. "The Establishment of the Apostolic Delegation to Palestine, Cyprus, and Transjordan (1929): Cause or Effect of Changes in Vatican Middle East Policy?" Church History 87, no. 3 (2018): 797–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640718001609.

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This essay brings to light how the establishment of the Apostolic Delegation to Palestine, Cyprus, and Transjordan (1929) marked a turning point in the Catholic presence in Palestine during the period of the British Mandate. Based on several unexplored archival sources, this paper analyzes the factors driving the creation of the new Apostolic Delegation and the consequences it produced in the Holy See's Middle and Near Eastern policies. The difficult relationship among various Catholic institutions in Palestine and the necessity to adapt the Catholic presence in that region to the new politica

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46

Van Rensburg, L. J. "Die aard van wetgewende diskresies by die Suid-Afrikaanse uitvoerende gesag." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 3, no. 2 (2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2000/v3i2a2887.

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This article focuses on the nature of legislative discretions in the hands of the executive authority of the state.Relevant concepts are analysed, followed by an exposition of the position regarding delegation of legislative authority to the executive under the previous constitutional dispensation when the country had a sovereign Parliament. This is followed by a discussion of the legal position in Germany, which shows similarities to the situation in South Africa. It appears that differences in approach to the problem exist worldwide, but one similarity is to be found in all, namely that a co

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47

Xie, Zhengchao, Inchio Lou, Wai Kin Ung, and Kai Meng Mok. "Freshwater Algal Bloom Prediction by Support Vector Machine in Macau Storage Reservoirs." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/397473.

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Understanding and predicting dynamic change of algae population in freshwater reservoirs is particularly important, as algae-releasing cyanotoxins are carcinogens that would affect the health of public. However, the high complex nonlinearity of water variables and their interactions makes it difficult to model the growth of algae species. Recently, support vector machine (SVM) was reported to have advantages of only requiring a small amount of samples, high degree of prediction accuracy, and long prediction period to solve the nonlinear problems. In this study, the SVM-based prediction and for

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48

COEN, DAVID, and MARK THATCHER. "Network Governance and Multi-level Delegation: European Networks of Regulatory Agencies." Journal of Public Policy 28, no. 1 (2008): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x08000779.

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ABSTRACTEuropean networks of regulators in industries such as telecommunications, securities, energy and transport have been cited as important examples of the growth of network governance in Europe. Using a principal-agent perspective as a starting point, the article examines why a double delegation to networks of regulators has taken place. It looks at how and why the European Commission, national governments and independent regulatory agencies have driven the creation of networks, their institutional character and their implications for regulatory governance in Europe. It argues that proble

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49

Chamon, Merijn. "The legal framework for delegated and implementing powers ten years after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty." ERA Forum 22, no. 1 (2021): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12027-020-00646-2.

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AbstractThis Article gives an overview of the legal framework governing the exercise of the delegated and implementing powers foreseen in Articles 290 and 291 TFEU in light of the most recent jurisprudence of the EU Courts in this field. It clarifies what essential elements are under Article 290 TFEU, how the Courts test this requirement and how it relates to the requirement under Article 290 TFEU that a delegation must also be specific. The article subsequently discusses and compares the control regimes in place under Articles 290 and 291 TFEU, noting that in post-Lisbon institutional practic

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Pereira, Carlos, Mariana Batista, Sérgio Praça, and Felix Lopez. "Watchdogs in Our Midst: How Presidents Monitor Coalitions in Brazil's Multiparty Presidential Regime." Latin American Politics and Society 59, no. 3 (2017): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/laps.12025.

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AbstractWhen delegating governing tasks to a coalition partner, the president would like to give a minister ample administrative powers to be able to effectively accomplish the political mission. Due to information asymmetries, the president runs the risk that this discretion might be used to pursue policy outcomes that may harm the president's preferences. This trade-off between delegation and control is key to understanding governance strategies the president chooses to minimize agency risks and coordinate public policies. With Brazil as a case study, this article demonstrates that president

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