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1
Cassells, Eric. SME strategies: Empirical support for Mintzberg and Waters' deliberate emergent continuum. Milton Keynes: Open Business School Research, 1995.
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2
Cassells, Eric. SME strategies: Empirical support for Mintzberg and Waters' deliberate-emergent continuum. Milton Keynes: Open Business School Research, 1995.
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3
Paul, Diane. Protection in practice: Field-level strategies for protecting civilians from deliberate harm. London: Overseas Development Institute, 1999.
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4
Deliberate Excellence: Three Fundamental Strategies That Drive Educational Leadership. Corwin, 2018.
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5
Baker, Keith. Deliberate Practice and the Acquisition of Expertise. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0005.
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The American medical system has room for improvement in the area of quality. Many systems-level approaches have been tried, but most have not yielded significant improvements in healthcare quality. This chapter focuses on strategies that mediate individual-level expert performance in a variety of domains. A central strategy underlying expert performance is deliberate practice. Deliberate practice is supported by having a learning orientation and “grit,” which is defined as long-term perseverance and passion for a goal, even if the goal is arduous. A general approach to performance improvement for individuals is also discussed. A reinvestment model for performance improvement proposes that individuals invest their time, effort, and cognitive resources, such as working memory capacity, in the design and implementation of deliberate practice for performance improvement.
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Paul, Diane. Protection in Practice: Field-level Strategies for Protecting Civilians for Deliberate Harm (Relief and Rehabilitation Network Papers). Overseas Development Institute, 1999.
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7
Greenberg, Cathy, and Relly Nadler. Behavioral Strategies for Happiness and Satisfaction. Edited by Anthony J. Bazzan and Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0006.
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The neural circuitry associated with experiencing emotional pleasure such as derived from spiritual fulfillment, happiness, or love is likely the same or closely replicative of the neural circuitry associated with experiencing physical pleasure such as from sex, music, or warmth. The neural circuitry associated with experiencing physical pain such as from a headache, injury, or disease is likely the same or closely related to that associated with experiencing emotional pain such as social rejection, depression, or self-criticism. Attention management is essential for developing happiness and satisfaction, while the opposite, attention mismanagement, is a catalyst for unhappiness and dissatisfaction. Happiness is believed to have a set point in each person, and by all indications this set point can be enhanced through deliberate and supportive constructs. This chapter reviews the differences between positive and negative psychological components and how people can optimize them to support brain health and psychological well-being.
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van Hooft, Edwin. Self-Regulatory Perspectives in the Theory of Planned Job Search Behavior: Deliberate and Automatic Self-Regulation Strategies to Facilitate Job Seeking. Edited by Ute-Christine Klehe and Edwin van Hooft. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764921.013.31.
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Because job search often is a lengthy process accompanied by complexities, disruptions, rejections, and other adversities, job seekers need self-regulation to initiate and maintain job search behaviors for obtaining employment goals. This chapter reviews goal/intention properties (e.g., specificity, proximity, conflicts, motivation type) and skills, beliefs, strategies, and capacities (e.g., self-monitoring skills and type, trait and momentary self-control capacity, nonlimited willpower beliefs, implementation intentions, goal-shielding and goal maintenance strategies) that facilitate self-regulation and as such may moderate the relationship between job search intentions and job search behavior. For each moderator, a theoretical rationale is developed based on self-regulation theory linked to the theory of planned job search behavior, available empirical support is reviewed, and future research recommendations are provided. The importance of irrationality and nonconscious processes is discussed; examples are given of hypoegoic self-regulation strategies that reduce the need for deliberate self-regulation and conscious control by automatizing job search behaviors.
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Cecchi, Alessandro. Forming Form through Force. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199316090.003.0005.
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This chapter identifies connections between the formal strategies used in both Bruckner’s and Mahler’s symphonies. Its point of departure is the ‘energetic’ theory of musical form developed by Ernst Kurth in his monograph on Bruckner (1925), particularly the idea of the ‘intensifying wave’. On that basis it confronts the formal strategies of the first movements of Bruckner’s Ninth and Mahler’s First symphonies, focusing on the relationship between the structural disposition of ‘intensification processes’ and the deliberate blurrings of traditional formal boundaries based on ‘sonata form’. In the mentioned symphonies of Mahler and Bruckner, composition emerges as a ‘force field’ where sonata form does have a role to play, provided it is viewed not as an abstract scheme but as a concrete spectrum of compositional choices in continuous interaction with other instances, particularly a structural principle based on the disposition of intensification processes and the reaching of climaxes.
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Granberg, Stanley, ed. 100 Years of African Missions. Abilene Christian University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/atlaopenpress.55.
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The wide-ranging essay collection is organized into four main sections. Section I introduces Wendell Broom. Secton II is "God's Call to a Continent: People and Places." Section III is "Mission Strategies and Issues." Section IV, is entitled "Concluding Thoughts" and shares some concluding thoughts on the future of African missions and the African church. The final chapter offers a speech by Wendell Broom from 1997 to 178 Nigerian evangelists and church leaders which challenged them (and us) to fill in the unevangelized gaps of Africa with a deliberate church-planting strategy to join the churches of West and East Africa by "meeting in the middle." The book concludes with an extensive bibliography of books, research, and articles on African missions by missionaries and authors associated with the Churches of Christ.
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Hofer, Nathan. The Popularisation of Sufism in Ayyubid and Mamluk Egypt, 1173-1325. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748694211.001.0001.
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After the fall of the Fatimid Empire in 1171 and the emergence of a new Sunni polity under the Ayyubids, Sufism came to extraordinary prominence in Egypt. The state founded and funded hospices to attract foreign Sufis to Egypt; local charismatic Sufi masters appeared throughout Upper and Lower Egypt; organized Sufi brotherhoods emerged in the urban centers of Cairo and Alexandria; and even Jews took up the doctrines and practices of the Sufis. By the middle of the Mamluk period in the fourteenth century, Sufism had become massively popular. How and why did this popularisation happen? This book is the first to address this issue directly, surveying the social formation and histories of several different Sufi collectivities from this period. Adopting an agentival approach, the book argues that the popularization of Sufism during this time was the direct result of deliberate and variegated Sufi programs of outreach, strategies of legitimation, and performances of authority across Egypt. The book situates these programs, strategies, and performances within the social and political contexts of the institutionalization of Sufism, audience participation, and Ayyubid and Mamluk state policies.
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(Editor), John Gastil, and Peter Levine (Editor), eds. The Deliberative Democracy Handbook: Strategies for Effective Civic Engagement in the Twenty-First Century. Jossey-Bass, 2005.
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Gastil, John, and Peter Levine. Deliberative Democracy Handbook: Strategies for Effective Civic Engagement in the Twenty-First Century. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2011.
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14
Gastil, John, and Peter Levine. Deliberative Democracy Handbook: Strategies for Effective Civic Engagement in the Twenty-First Century. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2007.
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15
John, Gastil, and Levine Peter 1967-, eds. The deliberative democracy handbook: Strategies for effective civic engagement in the twenty-first century. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2005.
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16
Karpyn, Allison. Behavioral Design as an Emerging Theory for Dietary Behavior Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626686.003.0003.
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In the past two decades, public health interventions have moved from education strategies aimed at individuals to broad, multilevel interventions incorporating environmental and policy strategies to promote healthy food behaviors. These intervention programs continue to employ classic behavior change models that consider individuals as deliberate, intentional, and rational actors. Contrary to the ideas posited by rational choice theory, diet-related literature draws little correlation between an individual’s intentions and his/her resultant behavior. This chapter adds to the dual-system model of cognition—reflective or slow thinking, and automatic or fast thinking—and introduces an emerging theory for dietary behavior change called behavioral design. Behavioral design recognizes that human decisions and actions lie on a continuum between spheres and are continually shaped by the interactions between an agent (individual, group) and his/her/their exposure (environment). More specifically, behavioral design considers the importance of the “experience” left as time passes, such as conditioning, resilience, expectation, repeated behaviors, and normality, as the central and iterative influence on future decisions. Behavioral interventions must consider the individual’s “experience” resulting from his or her interaction with the environment, while acknowledging the fast and slow mechanisms by which choices are made. This chapter introduces aspects to consider when using behavioral design to increase healthier food behaviors and physical activity, and briefly discusses ethics questions related to intentional modification of environment for health behavior change.
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Gaztambide, María C. El Techo de la Ballena. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400707.001.0001.
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In El Techo de la Ballena, María C. Gaztambi depresents an account of the visual arts production of the Caracas-based collective El Techo de la Ballena (active 1961−69). In spite of evident convergences with other global art tendencies, these radicalized artists from Venezuela anchored their multidisciplinary interventions in a fundamental retrograde stance which, in the author’s view, represented a deliberate inversion of an internationallyaligned modernity hinging on the need for constant evolution and progress in the visual arts. El Techo’s against-the-grain position became the basis for a disorderly project of grief that counteracted the swiftness by which Venezuela fast-tracked its modernization (in the sense of material and technological progress) and consumed international modernism (its cultural production). Against this fragmentary development, El Techo deployed an integrated approach to art-making that included artworks with multiple meanings, alternative exhibition spaces, politicized actions, as well as highly confrontational printed materials. All these elements came together into a single, indivisible body of work merging the visual, the poetic, the performative, and the political. Yet Venezuela’s eroded local environment required an outright unsettling through extreme scatological content and strategies that the balleneros qualified as “a biological art, violently exuded from our bowels…” Theirs was a total output that tested the limits of art to provoke an anesthetized local public under the motto of cambiar la vida, transformar la sociedad(to change life, to transform society).
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Wilkinson, Benedict. Scripts of Terror. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197521892.001.0001.
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This book explores terrorism as a strategic choice-- one made carefully and deliberately by rational actors. Through an analysis of the terrorist groups of Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Yemen, this book charts a series of different strategic ‘scripts’ at play in terrorist behavior, from survival, to efforts in mobilizing a supporter base, through to the grinding attrition of a long terrorist campaign. The theme that runs through all the organizations is the unbridgeable gap between their strategic vision, and what actually unfolds. Regardless of which script terrorists follow, they often fall short of achieving their political ambitions. And yet, despite its frequent failure, the terrorist strategy is returned to time and again-- people continue to join such groups, and to commit mindless acts of violence. Scripts of Terror explores the reasons behind this. It asks why, if terrorism is so rarely successful and so hard to pull off, its approach remains an appealing one. And it examines how terrorists formulate their strategies, and how they envisage achieving their ambitions through violence. Most importantly, it explores why they so often fail.
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Paech, Michael J., and Patchareya Nivatpumin. Postdural puncture headache. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0027.
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Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) may follow either deliberate or unintentional (accidental) penetration of the interdigitating meninges, the dura and arachnoid mater. It is one of the most common and clinically important complications of regional anaesthesia and analgesia in the obstetric population. The headache develops as a consequence of cerebrospinal fluid loss, low intracranial pressure and cerebrovascular changes in the upright position and can prove debilitating. The diagnosis is clinical, making thorough assessment and regular review all the more important, to revise treatment plans, exclude rare serious pathology such as subdural haematoma, and avoid misdiagnosis. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology, incidence, risk factors (needle, technical and patient related), features, natural history, diagnosis, and management of PDPH. High level evidence supports prevention by using small gauge, non-cutting spinal needles, but other preventative strategies against either unintentional dural puncture or PDPH are poorly supported. The absent or poor efficacy of measures such as bed rest, hydration, cerebral vasoconstrictor therapy, epidural or intrathecal saline injection, intrathecal catheter placement or prophylactic epidural blood patch, is noted. Validation of better evidence supporting epidural morphine or intravenous cosyntropin is required. Symptomatic treatment of PDPH is also unreliable. Very limited evidence that requires substantiation supports a modest benefit from caffeine, gabapentinoids or intravenous hydrocortisone. The intervention of epidural blood patch is highly likely to relieve post-spinal PDPH, but only completely resolves epidural needle-induced PDPH in 30–50% of cases. Much detail about EBP remains undetermined, but delayed intervention and injection of approximately 20 mL of autologous blood appear appropriate.
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Bovens, Mark, and Anchrit Wille. Remedying Diploma Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790631.003.0009.
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How can we remedy some of the negative effects of diploma democracy? First, we discuss the rise of nationalist parties. They have forced the mainstream political parties to pay more attention to the negative effects of immigration, globalization, and European unification. Next we discuss strategies to mitigate the dominance of the well-educated in politics. We start with remedies that address differences in political skills and knowledge. Then we discuss the deliberative arenas. Many democratic reforms contain an implicit bias towards the well-educated. A more realistic citizenship model is required. This can be achieved by bringing the ballot back in, for example, by merging deliberative and more direct forms of democracy through deliberative polling, corrective referendums, and more compulsory voting. The chapter ends with a discussion of ways to make the political elites more inclusive and responsive, such as descriptive representation, sortition, and plebiscitary elements.
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Chiang, Connie Y. Choosing Sites, Building Camps. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842062.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the process by which the War Relocation Authority selected camp sites, acquired the land, and built the camps, with close attention to how the natural world shaped selection and construction decisions. Despite the notion that Japanese Americans were exiled to the middle of nowhere, the WRA was deliberate in choosing sites. The camps had to be far from urban areas and places of strategic importance, but they also had to have favorable growing conditions for large-scale farm programs and adequate infrastructure—water, sanitation, electricity—for thousands of detainees. This chapter also analyzes how Japanese American detainees reacted to the camps and how the WRA addressed the initial environmental challenges, especially the dust and desert heat.
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Suddaby, Roy, William Foster, and Christine Quinn Trank. Re-Membering. Edited by Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth, and Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.18.
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We explore and extend an emerging interest in understanding the relationship between language and history in organizational identity work. Recent research has focused attention on the role of “temporal talk” in creating identity—that is, how discourse about the past, present, and future constructs identification. These studies understate the degree of agency in temporal talk and fail to capture the importance of history as a competitive resource. We introduce the term “rhetorical history” to draw attention to the high degree of deliberate and strategic use of persuasive language to construct historical identity narratives in corporations. We also elaborate the understanding, within organizations, of history as critical resource that can be deployed to manage membership with a broad range of organizational stakeholders.
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Mankoff, Jeffrey. “Un-Civil Society” and the Sources of Russian Influence in West Asia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673604.003.0006.
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Despite the extensive levels of control that Russia has available to it in its neighbourhood, many officials believe that the West has outmanoeuvred Russia in the employment of soft power, particularly through the proliferation of civil society and NGOs in the former Soviet Union over the past two decades. As corrupt regimes in Georgia, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan have fallen under rising pressure from civil society, Russia has grown increasingly alarmed. The Kremlin has come to see “color revolutions,” and the activities of anti-government protesters in Russia itself, as the consequences of a deliberate Western campaign to promote regime change and curtail Russian influence. Moscow has focused a wide range of civil society groups: anti-corruption campaigners, pro-democracy activists, journalists, and human rights defenders, as part of a Western-backed fifth column whose raison d'être is less the promotion of good governance and more the advancement of Western strategic interests at Russian expense.
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Okasha, Samir. Agents and Goals in Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815082.001.0001.
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In evolutionary biology, there is a mode of thinking which is quite common, and philosophically significant. This is ‘agential thinking’. In its paradigm case, agential thinking involves treating an evolved organism as if it were an agent pursuing a goal, such as survival and reproduction, and treating its phenotypic traits, including its behaviours, as strategies for achieving this goal. Less commonly, the entities that are treated as agent-like are genes or groups, rather than individual organisms. Agential thinking is related to the familiar Darwinian point that organisms’ evolved traits are often adaptive, but it goes beyond this. For it involves deliberately transposing a set of concepts—goals, interests, strategies—whose original application is to rational human agents, to the biological world at large. There are two possible attitudes towards agential thinking in biology. The first sees it as mere anthropomorphism, an instance of the psychological bias which leads humans to see intention and purpose in places where they do not exist. The second sees agential thinking as a natural and justifiable way of describing or reasoning about Darwinian evolution and its products. The truth turns out to lie in between these extremes, for agential thinking is not a monolithic whole. Some forms of agential thinking are problematic, but others admit of a solid justification, and when used carefully, can be a source of insight.
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Stüwe, Robert, and Thomas Panayotopoulos, eds. The Juncker Commission. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845297736.
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The primary goal of this book is to trace the European Commission’s strategies of dealing with the politicisation of EU legislation. In a case study on President Jean-Claude Juncker's term of office, the authors of this volume analyse how the EU Commission set and advanced certain political priorities between 2014 and 2019. The analysis focuses on the ten political priorities which the Juncker Commission retained in all of its annual work programmes from its inception onwards, starting with its self-proclaimed role as a ‘political commission’. However, this study’s assessment of the ‘politicisation’ of integration policy is ambiguous: On the one hand, the Juncker Commission deliberately adopted politicised issues and tried to use them as opportunities for political leadership as well as to hone its own institutional profile. On the other hand, controversies and crises repeatedly forced the EU Commission to resort to damage control. With contributions by Matthieu Bertrand, Christoph Bierbrauer, Grigoriani Bougatsa, Sarah Gansen, Sanni Kunnas, Andreas Marchetti, Katarzyna Nowicka, Thomas Panayotopoulos, Dominique Roch, Martin Selmayr, Katherine Simpson, Robert Stüwe, Henri De Waele, Liska Wittenberg.
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Reny, Marie-Eve. Authoritarian Containment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698089.001.0001.
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Since the early years of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese state has sought to regulate the practice of religion. The institutions it created for that purpose were meant to ensure that religious practice would not happen outside the supervision of the state. Since the 1990s, however, unregistered religious sites have proliferated in China, and those include Protestant house churches. China is said to have more unregistered churches than registered ones. Unregistered churches have, for the most part, deliberately chosen not to register with the State Administration for Religious Affairs, and they have also bypassed a number of other central government regulations on religious activities. Despite the fact that they are illegal, local public security bureaus have tolerated those churches. The book argues that they have done so to contain the influence of Protestantism in Chinese cities. It conceptualizes containment, explains why public security bureaus have contained house churches, and discusses the strategy’s impact on authoritarian regime resilience. Autocracies other than China have similarly contained informal religious groups. The book delves into the Mukhabarat’s containment of jihadi Salafists in post-Zarqawi Jordan, and Anwar al-Sadat’s containment of the Muslim Brotherhood in 1970s Egypt.
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Martin, S. Rebecca, and Stephanie M. Langin-Hooper, eds. The Tiny and the Fragmented. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614812.001.0001.
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Miniature and fragmentary objects are both remarkably fascinating and easily dismissed. Tiny scale entices users with visions of Lilliputian worlds. The ambiguity of fragments intrigues us, offering vivid reminders of the transitory nature of reality. Yet, the standard scholarly approach to such objects has been to see them as secondary, incomplete things, designed primarily to refer to a complete and often life-sized whole. This volume offers a series of fresh perspectives on the familiar concepts of the tiny and the fragmented, in chapters ranging in focus from Neolithic Europe to Pre-Columbian Honduras to the Classical Mediterranean and Ancient Near East. Diverse in scope, the volume is united in considering the little and broken things of the past as objects in their own right. When a life-sized or whole thing is made in a scaled-down or partial form, deliberately broken as part of its use, or considered successful by ancient users only if it shows some signs of wear, it challenges our expectations of representation and wholeness. Overall, this volume demands a reconsideration of the social and contextual nature of miniaturization, fragmentation, and incompleteness. These were more than just ancient strategies for saving space, time, and resources. Rather, they offered new possibilities of representation, use, and engagement—possibilities unavailable with things that were life size or more conventionally “complete.” It was because of, rather than in spite of, their small or partial state that these objects were valued parts of the personal and social worlds they inhabited.