Academic literature on the topic 'Delinquent social identity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Delinquent social identity":
1
Shagufta, Sonia, Daniel Boduszek, Katie Dhingra, and Derrol Kola-Palmer. "Latent classes of delinquent behaviour associated with criminal social identity among juvenile offenders in Pakistan." Journal of Forensic Practice 17, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-08-2014-0026.
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the number and nature of latent classes of delinquency that exist among male juvenile offenders incarcerated in prisons in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – The sample consisted of 415 young male offenders incarcerated in prisons in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan. Latent class analysis was employed to determine the number and nature of delinquency latent classes. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between latent classes and the three factors of criminal social identity (cognitive centrality, in-group affect, and in-group ties) whilst controlling for criminal friends, period of confinement, addiction, age, and location. Findings – The best fitting latent class model was a three-class solution. The classes were labelled: “minor delinquents” (the baseline/normative class; Class 3), “major delinquents” (Class 1), and “moderate delinquents” (Class 2). Class membership was predicted by differing external variables. Specifically, Class 1 membership was related to having more criminal friends; while Class 2 membership was related to lower levels of in-group affect and higher levels of in-group ties. Practical implications – Findings are discussed in relation to refining current taxonomic arguments regarding the structure of delinquency and implications for prevention of juvenile delinquent behaviour. Originality/value – First, most previous studies have focused on school children, whereas, this paper focuses on incarcerated juvenile offenders. Second, this research includes delinquents from Pakistan, whereas, most previous research has examined delinquent behaviour in western cultures.
2
De Coster, Stacy, and Jennifer Lutz. "Reconsidering Labels and Primary Deviance." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 55, no. 5 (April 19, 2018): 609–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427818771437.
Abstract:
Objective: We assess Matsueda’s reflected appraisals model of delinquency across groups of previously delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents. We hypothesize that the reflected appraisals process, which entails incorporating informal appraisals by significant others into self-identities, differs across delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents. Method: We estimate cross-group models of the reflected appraisals process among delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents using the data (National Youth Survey) and methodology (structural equation modeling) from Matsueda’s original research. Results: The informal labeling and identity processes articulated in the reflected appraisals model better explain delinquency continuity than delinquency onset. Notable differences across previously delinquent and nondelinquent groups are found with respect to the influence of parental appraisals on reflected appraisals and with respect to the influence of race on parental and reflected appraisals. Conclusions: Informal labeling predicts both continuity and onset of delinquency. Continuity results from delinquent adolescents incorporating troublemaking appraisals into their self-identities and living up to those labels. Identity processes prove unimportant for linking troublemaking appraisals to delinquency among falsely appraised adolescents. Future research is needed to assess the possibility that false appraisals produce delinquency through processes articulated in general strain and defiance theories. We also discuss avenues for future research on race, identities, and delinquency.
3
Dikusar, Ya S. "INFLUENCE OF FAMILY ON FORMATION ON THE IDENTITY OF THE CRIMINAL." Russian Family Doctor, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10676.
Abstract:
The paper sets an approach to the definition of the family as a social system, considers the concept of family identity, which is one of the factors of the favorable influence of the family on the formation of the child’s personality. The structure of the family identity of minors is revealed, its most significant factors are determined. The article examines in detail such a component of the structure of family identity as family cohesion. The author also presents data from a survey of adolescent delinquent and normative behavior using the «Family Cohesion and Adaptation Scale» (FACES-3), analyzes them, identifies the types of families of juvenile delinquents, and presents the results of a study of the family identity of juvenile delinquents in a table form. Using t-student test, statistically significant differences were revealed between the prevailing types of families of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with normative behavior. As a result of the work, the author of the article emphasizes that the lack of a sense of adolescents' connection with the family, acceptance by the family, satisfaction with their family complicates their social development situation and can lead to illegal behavior. The author also makes brief recommendations on overcoming family disunity to form a cohesion factor as an indicator of family identity.
4
Dikusar, Ya S. "INFLUENCE OF FAMILY ON FORMATION ON THE IDENTITY OF THE CRIMINAL." Russian Family Doctor, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10708.
Abstract:
The paper sets an approach to the definition of the family as a social system, considers the concept of family identity, which is one of the factors of the favorable influence of the family on the formation of the child’s personality. The structure of the family identity of minors is revealed, its most significant factors are determined. The article examines in detail such a component of the structure of family identity as family cohesion. The author also presents data from a survey of adolescent delinquent and normative behavior using the «Family Cohesion and Adaptation Scale» (FACES-3), analyzes them, identifies the types of families of juvenile delinquents, and presents the results of a study of the family identity of juvenile delinquents in a table form. Using t-student test, statistically significant differences were revealed between the prevailing types of families of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with normative behavior. As a result of the work, the author of the article emphasizes that the lack of a sense of adolescents' connection with the family, acceptance by the family, satisfaction with their family complicates their social development situation and can lead to illegal behavior. The author also makes brief recommendations on overcoming family disunity to form a cohesion factor as an indicator of family identity.
5
Dikusar, Ya S. "INFLUENCE OF FAMILY ON FORMATION ON THE IDENTITY OF THE CRIMINAL." Yugra State University Bulletin 16, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu20200130-36.
Abstract:
The paper sets an approach to the definition of the family as a social system, considers the concept of family identity, which is one of the factors of the favorable influence of the family on the formation of the child’s personality. The structure of the family identity of minors is revealed, its most significant factors are determined. The article examines in detail such a component of the structure of family identity as family cohesion. The author also presents data from a survey of adolescent delinquent and normative behavior using the «Family Cohesion and Adaptation Scale» (FACES-3), analyzes them, identifies the types of families of juvenile delinquents, and presents the results of a study of the family identity of juvenile delinquents in a table form. Using t-student test, statistically significant differences were revealed between the prevailing types of families of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with normative behavior. As a result of the work, the author of the article emphasizes that the lack of a sense of adolescents' connection with the family, acceptance by the family, satisfaction with their family complicates their social development situation and can lead to illegal behavior. The author also makes brief recommendations on overcoming family disunity to form a cohesion factor as an indicator of family identity.
6
Walters, Glenn D. "Desistance and Identity: Do Reflected Appraisals as a Delinquent Impede the Crime-Reducing Effects of the Adolescent-to-Adult Transition?" Criminal Justice Review 45, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016819899133.
Abstract:
Desistance from crime can occur at any age but is most likely to occur during the adolescence-to-adult transition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether one facet of a criminal identity (i.e., reflected appraisals as a delinquent) impedes future desistance in male youth making the transition from adolescence to adulthood, controlling for family structure, social influence, low self-control, prior delinquency, and age of delinquency onset. Longitudinal data furnished by 284 members of the Marion County Youth Study, all of whom were male and 98% of whom were White, each with histories of delinquency, were subjected to binary logistic regression analysis and causal mediation analysis. Results indicated that reflected appraisals correlated negatively with desistance and successfully mediated the inverse relationship between number of prior delinquent contacts and subsequent desistance from crime between the ages of 19 and 26. Considering the role reflected appraisals appear to play in the development of a criminal identity, it is speculated that targeting reflected appraisals as a delinquent should be of value in maximizing the number of juveniles who desist from crime during the adolescence-to-adult transition.
7
Afrasiabi, Hossein. "Determinants of Tendency to Deviant Social Identity among Delinquent Youth." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p298-304.
Abstract:
Deviant identity has been recognized as one of the main causes of the crime in a large number of the studies. Formation of criminal or deviant identity are affected by different social conditions this study was conducted in order to investigate the factors underlying the deviant identity among the delinquent youth. The research sample consisted of 15-25years old delinquent youth in Yazd city. A survey was used as research method and data were collected using the questionnaires. The results showed that destructive social capital, Anomie and deviance in the family, have a significant relationship with deviant identity.
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Walters, Glenn D. "Proactive Criminal Thinking and Deviant Identity as Mediators of the Peer Influence Effect." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016636436.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to test the moral model of criminal lifestyle development with data from the 1,725-member (918 boys and 807 girls) National Youth Survey. It was hypothesized that peer delinquency would predict proactive criminal thinking but not deviant identity as part of a four-variable chain running from peer delinquency to participant delinquency. Consistent with this hypothesis, the pathway running from peer delinquency to proactive criminal thinking to deviant identity to participant delinquency was significant but the pathway running from peer delinquency to deviant identity to proactive criminal thinking to participant delinquency was not. Deviant identity nonetheless predicted proactive criminal thinking and delinquency. These results support a major pathway in the moral model and indicate that while deviant identity plays a role in antisocial development, it is as a cause and effect of proactive criminal thinking rather than as an effect of delinquent peer associations.
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Milosevic, Nikoleta. "The identity of an underachiever student as an outcome of social relations." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 38, no. 1 (2006): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0601101m.
Abstract:
The paper deals with various performance factors in underachiever students primarily juvenile delinquents who reported declining levels of achievement throughout the duration of corrective out-of-institution measures. This raises the question: Why is there a decline in school achievement of juvenile delinquents during the treatment which is essentially aimed at improving school performance. What causes this? In the search for an answer we considered various approaches for the determination of the identity of a juvenile delinquent, underaching at school. The author takes issue with traditional views on identity and changes the focus from an individual over to the interaction between an individual and society. It is argued that poor school performance should be placed in the context of social relations; the author suggests that problems faced by underachievers at school only accidentally stem from what they can or cannot do, rather, the root of the problem lies in the manner other people relate to them. It is necessary that a teacher should realize that students are social beings in behavioral experiments who have individualities and that their personal characteristics stem from their relations with other people. A teacher is expected to attempt to construct the manner in which a student views himself and the world around himself, that is, to enter a "role relationship" with him.
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Copp, Jennifer E., Peggy C. Giordano, Monica A. Longmore, and Wendy D. Manning. "Desistance from Crime during the Transition to Adulthood: The Influence of Parents, Peers, and Shifts in Identity." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 57, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 294–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427819878220.
Abstract:
Objectives: Research on criminal continuity and change has traditionally focused on elements of the adult life course (e.g., marriage and employment); however, recent social and economic changes suggest the need to consider a broader range of factors. In addition, researchers have increasingly recognized the importance of identity changes in the desistance process. Methods: Using five waves of structured data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), we examined identity changes, shifts in involvement with delinquent peers, and variability in closeness with parents as influences on desistance. In-depth interviews with a subset of TARS respondents offered a person-centered lens on individual and social processes associated with variability in criminal behavior. Results: Findings indicated that identity changes were associated with declines in offending. In addition, changes in parental closeness and the extent of affiliation with antisocial peers contributed to patterns of offending, net of these subjectively experienced cognitive changes. Conclusions: Cognitive processes are important to desistance. However, they do not independently provide a path to sustained behavioral change. Social experiences, including changes in relationships/supports from parents and affiliation with delinquent peers, also figure into change processes. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and programmatic efforts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Delinquent social identity":
1
Koh, Angeline Cheok Eng, and ceakhoo@nie edu sg. "The Delinquent Peer Group: Social Identity and Self-categorization Perspectives." The Australian National University. Division of Psychology, 1998. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20010731.175324.
Abstract:
This thesis investigates the nature and the development of a delinquent social identity. Three issues are addressed. These concern the negative identity that results from social comparison processes in school, the role of the peer group in delinquency and the variable nature of the delinquent social identity.
One argument of the thesis, which is based on the concepts of self-categorization theory, is that the delinquent social identity develops out of a negative identity because of perceived differences between groups of adolescents in the school in terms of their commitment to academic studies and their attitude towards authority. The first study in this thesis demonstrates that compared to non delinquents, delinquents are more likely to perceive their social status in the school to be low as well as stable, and are more concerned about their reputation among their peers. Also, delinquents are more likely to rationalize against guilt through the techniques of neutralization, are more likely to value unconventional norms and tend to have negative experiences, both at home and in school.
Based on social identity theory, this thesis argues that delinquency arises out of a search for an alternative positive identity through " social creativity ", which is only possible through the group. Membership in a delinquent group or a delinquent social identity offers the delinquent a sense of " positive distinctiveness " which is derived from the rejection, redefinition and reversal of conventional norms. It is only through a social identity where members perceive each other as interchangeable and share an interdependency, that such a reversal receives social validation, and that members achieve a sense of self-consistency which becomes part of their reputation. The second study in this thesis confirms that delinquents show a relative preference for a group strategy of derogation of the outgroup for coping with negative social comparison, rather than one which involves an individual strategy of competition, and that this group strategy is more likely to enhance their self-esteem. Delinquents' tendency to reverse conventional norms is demonstrated in the third study of the thesis, which also revealed that this reversal is evident only when delinquents are compared to non delinquents, and that this rejection is not total. These findings not only provide support for Cohen's subcultural theory of delinquency but also that of Sykes and Matza who argue that delinquents drift in and out of such behaviours.
In fact, this thesis suggests that this drift can be explained in terms of a shift in the salience of identity. Because the delinquent identity is a social identity, it is variable and context-dependent. Differences in attitudes towards authority, rationalizations against guilt and self-derogation can be explained by differences in the salience of the delinquent social identity. The last three studies of the thesis provide evidence of these variations with both self-report and incarcerated delinquents.
2
Ephriam, Raymond Deion, and Antonio Castro. "What teachers and probation officers identify as the most influential risk factors that lead youth to criminal behavior." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2957.
Abstract:
Fifty teachers and forty-five probation officers participated in this study which was designed to elicit their opinions on critical risk factors that lead youth to criminal behavior. Risk factors identified included: dropping out of school, participating in gang activity, poverty, using drugs (or just the availability of drugs), parental involvement in criminal activity, and the lack of parental supervision.
3
Koh, Angeline Cheok Eng. "The Delinquent Peer Group: Social Identity and Self-categorization Perspectives." Phd thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47498.
Abstract:
This thesis investigates the nature and the development of a delinquent social identity. Three issues are addressed. These concern the negative identity that results from social comparison processes in school, the role of the peer group in delinquency and the variable nature of the delinquent social identity. ¶ ...
4
LI, Ssu-Yuan, and 李思苑. "The Study on The Correlations Among Ethnic Identity, Social Control and Delinquent Behavior of Foreign Brides’Adolescents." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81695275365708825655.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
99
Under the wave of globalization and following the immigrating population of foreign spouses, the number of children of foreign spouses is on the rise gradually and the population grows rapidly. The population structure starts to change when some of the children of foreign spouses enter into the age of junior high schools.Their adaptation to the environment and development in social control and self-control becomes one of the focuses on social issues. The children of foreign spouses experience cross-culture impact and whether if such impact could result in deviant behaviors, merits further study. The study discusses the association between ethnic identity, social control and self-reporting deviant behaviors based on criminological theory. The study adopts self-reporting questionnaire and codes the questionnaire after recovery. The sample scope consists of 237 children of foreign spouses attending the 7th to 9th grade of junior high schools in Taoyuan County, were selected by quota sampling. The samples were analyzed using SPSS 12 and tested with statistical methods including the Chi Square Test of Independence, the Pearson's correlation, t test, and one-way ANOVA. The results attained are described in the follows: 1. Family control is subject to influence from family structure: The education of father has influence over mother control, while father’s financial income has influence over mother control, peer attachment, and school control. The financial income of mothers has influence over mother control, family interactions, and peer attachment. Ethnic gender has significant difference over mother control, school control and peer attachment. 2. The ethnic identity for children of foreign spouses has mediator effect for social control influenced deviant behaviors and the ethnic identity for children of foreign spouses has mediator effect over low self-control influenced deviant behavior. In view of the theoretical implications, the roles and functions of father and mother in a family structure has influence over deviant behavior while ethnics is regarded as the strong factor for crime forecasting, because ethnic groups contain profound ethnic-culture and value-based belief ecology system. In other words, “ethnics” that affect culture, language, custom, and belief, is one of the factors for crime forecasting. Social control shows important impact on the occurrence of deviant behavior through ethnic identity. Children of foreign spouses hold ethnic identity towards their mothers can affect the degree of social bond on their children with respect to emotional attachment. Ethnic identity shows influence on the improvement of language tool use, flow of emotional expression, interpersonal skills, and low self-control over deviant behaviors. Improving links of social bond is the best prevention treatment when facing with an environment flooded with diverse crime incentives. Currently the social-political and educational system have already offered consultation and education to foreign spouses as well as providing after-class counseling for economically disadvantaged groups. The paper recommends a combination of private-sector resources with mutual cooperation to organize activities related to cross-cultural field of learning and to overturn biasing and ideology, respect and tolerate diverse culture. For family communities, strengthen parental relationship and parental education to improve the living environment and enhance community cohesion by creating a friendly environment.
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Moatlhodi, Ntombizodwa. "The social construction of crime and identity among young offenders." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6485.
Abstract:
M.A.The young offender's criminal behaviour exerts enormous damage to the social and economical aspects of the country. Exploring the identity construction of young offenders, the decisions and choices they make in breaking into strangers' houses, stealing and hijacking other people's cars, is the focus of this study. Attention will also be focused on exploring how the criminal "career" affects and is affected by their identity construction. It is also the purpose of this study to explore what could be attracting the young offender to embark on a criminal expedition, in spite of the consequences of such activities, which appear to be uninviting and uncomfortable. The study comes about as a result of the misery and 6 trauma experienced by victims of the young offender's criminal activities (Clifford, 1974). People spend a lot of money improving the security systems in their properties with the purpose of barring the offenders from entering their premises, or taking the cars away from them. This, however, does not seem to work most of the time as it has in some cases contributed to the offenders also improving their skills on how to commit crime. There is increased surveillance in department stores, insurance premiums are high and there is an increase in the cost of goods and services. It seems that as crime escalates, more young people are sent to prison. Society also feels that prison is the best option for the young offender. Others would like the death sentence to be imposed to deal with the crime problem. At the moment, prisons are overcrowded with young people, who will be released in a few years' time. The question is whether, at the time of their release will they be able to be reintegrated back to society. What kind of people are we expecting them to be when they become adults? What role will they play in the functioning of the community? Probably the community needs to be informed about what happens in prison, for there is a general assumption that prison is a rehabilitative institution. It is seen as a place where we get rid of troublemakers, who on their release have become good citizens with a brighter future. People perceive a prison as a place that rehabilitates offenders and helps reintegrate them back into society. Whether the prison pursues and achieves this purpose needs to be seen. However, the high rate of recidivism leaves much to be desired. Cronje'et al. (1976) in their study found that a large number of young offenders became recidivists or recidivism can be traced back to juvenile offences
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Brewer, Kathryne B. "Possible Selves on Probation: The Role of Future-oriented Identity Beliefs in Promoting Successful Outcomes for Adolescents on Probation." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8RN3MDC.
Abstract:
Probation officers report that motivational processes, such as future-orientation and self-concept, are key factors in program participation and success. This dissertation consists of three studies that explored the role of possible selves, a specific form of future-oriented self-concepts, in promoting successful outcomes for youth who are court-ordered to probation. Using survey and administrative data from the Social Processes in Probation Study (SPPS), the first study explored a hypothesized model of how possible selves characteristics affect adolescent probation outcomes (e.g., probation compliance, recidivism, school engagement). This study found that adolescent possible selves were significantly related to probation outcomes, although not always in the manner expected nor as reported for other adolescent populations. Higher counts of possible selves and their characteristics were consistently associated with poorer outcomes for youth on probation. However, further analyses uncovered a complex network of interactions between the characteristics of possible selves, wherein certain combinations of these characteristics transmitted a mixture of beneficial and risky effects for certain outcomes and under certain conditions.
Building upon the knowledge gained in the first study, the second study examined the relationship between possible selves and probation outcomes within the context of parental support and probation tactics. Three potential pathways were tested: (A) direct effects, independent of external factors; (B) meditated effects on the relationship of external factors on outcomes; and (C) moderated effects on the relationship of external factors on outcomes. Findings of this study did not support either a mediated or moderated pathway for any of the probation outcomes. However, the data suggest an interaction trend between probation tactics and possible selves for the outcome of rearrests, suggesting that supportive probation tactics may be of importance to lowering risk of rearrest for youth with limited possible selves. For the outcomes of rearrest and of school problems, possible selves had a significant direct effect, even after controlling for perceived parental support and probation tactics.
The final study used a grounded theory approach to examine the process through which possible selves translated into behavioral action for adolescents on probation. The data suggest a process involving four phases of action: initial goal development, creation of identity-driven goals, planned action, and sustained progress. During Phase 1, initial goal development occurs as future-oriented thinking emerges following social interactions about the future. During Phase 2, goals integrate with identities to create motivational synergy, helping youth move toward taking action. During Phase 3, goals translate into planned actions through a specific skill set that involves understanding the pathway and steps needed to achieve the goal. During Phase 4, youth engage in sustained pursuit of progress by accessing resources for support, including help to negotiate short-term versus long-term desires, encouragement that bolstered efficacy beliefs, and accountability that communicated that the youth and their goal mattered. Throughout the process, the presence of role models with whom youth identify were important to the development of goals, plans, and perseverance. Implications for practice and policy with this population are discussed.
Books on the topic "Delinquent social identity":
1
McCluskey, Cynthia Perez. Understanding latino delinquency: The applicability of strain theory by ethnicity. New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing, 2002.
2
Diamond, Andrew J. Mean streets: Chicago youths and the everyday struggle for empowerment in the multiracial city, 1908-1969. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.
3
Bocayuva, Helena, Silvia Alexim Nunes, and Cecilia Maria Bouças Coimbra. Juventudes, subjetivações e violências. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Contra Capa, 2009.
4
Bocayuva, Helena, Silvia Alexim Nunes, and Cecilia Maria Bouças Coimbra. Juventudes, subjetivações e violências. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Contra Capa, 2009.
5
Younger, Marshal. The case of the mysterious message. Nashville, Tenn: Tommy Nelson, 2002.
6
Brown, monica. Gang Nation: Delinquent Citizens in Puerto Rican, Chicano, and Chicana Narratives. University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
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Brown, monica. Gang Nation: Delinquent Citizens in Puerto Rican, Chicano, and Chicana Narratives. University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
8
Sheu, Chuen-Jim. Delinquency and Identity 2nd edition: Juvenile Delinquency in an American Chinatown. Harrow and Heston Publishers, 2020.
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Sheu, Chuen-Jim. Delinquency and Identity 2nd Edition: Juvenile Delinquency in an American Chinatown. Harrow and Heston Publishers, 2020.
10
Adolescenti contro?: Identità e rappresentazioni sociali. Milano: Giuffrè, 1985.
Book chapters on the topic "Delinquent social identity":
1
Roché, Sebastian, Omer Bilen, and Sandrine Astor. "Determinants of Pre-Radicalization: Religious or Rebel-Without-a-Cause Hypothesis? An Empirical Test Among French Adolescents." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series – E: Human and Societal Dynamics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nhsdp200082.
Abstract:
The study of the profiles of young adults involved in attacks and bombings in 2015 and 2016 in France highlighted a violent rejection of Western lifestyle and national identification. The question arises whether conflicting religious beliefs (religion hypothesis) and delinquent subculture (rebel-without-a-cause hypothesis) characterize a handful of violent attackers only or, rather, reflect social divides in the general youth population. We propose, based on literature, that there are known two features of a pre-radicalization stage: rejection of national community and justification of political violence. We intend to focus on what explains them in France. For that purpose, we use a large representative sample (n = 9.700) of adolescents, and structural equation modeling. Overall, our findings suggest that pre-radicalization reflects larger societal cleavages. Weak identification with the national community in France appears mainly driven by religious identity, and not religious fundamentalism. Justification of violence against outgroups/agents enforcing order is not predicted by religion, neither as belief system nor as identity. The sources of legitimation of violence are mainly found in espousing a delinquent subculture, and repeat exposure to state violence in the form of pretextual police stops.
2
Bracher, Mark. "Delinquency, crime, and violence." In Social Symptoms of Identity Needs, 67–91. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429480331-3.
3
Fansher, Ashley K., and Patrick Q. Brady. "13 Reasons Why and the Importance of Social Bonds." In Crime TV, 20–36. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479804368.003.0003.
Abstract:
Violence, drugs, a touch of teenage romance, and sexual tension make a recipe for good dramatic television. In reality, serious issues such as these impact millions of lives every day. As a result, criminologists have relentlessly attempted to identify and isolate the underlying mechanisms influencing criminal and delinquent behaviors. While numerous theories have emerged, the Netflix series 13 Reasons Why narrows down the causes of delinquency to one: social bonds. 13 Reasons Why depicts the aftermath of a young teen’s suicide. Before the suicide, the victim records her reasons for killing herself on cassette tapes that are subsequently delivered to 13 people who she feels contributed to her decision to end her life. The background of each character, along with a heavy focus on the negative consequences of adolescent victimization and perpetration, demonstrates what can happen when social bonds are weak or absent.
4
Winnicott, Donald W. "Psychological Aspects of Juvenile Delinquency." In The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott, 49–56. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190271350.003.0008.
Abstract:
In this address to probation officers or trainee probation officers, Winnicott discusses moral, legal and psychological responses to anti-social behaviour, and what they mean for treatment. He concludes that the probation officer has to be prepared to keep his own desires out and concentrate on the child offender instead. Probation workers are unpopular, especially with the police, because in examining the roots of anti-social behaviour we identify with the criminal. Habitual offenders cannot usually be helped, although character disturbance can be helped if found early. Winnicott advises that if steady development can be provided, the potential delinquent may make use of a second chance.
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Goldberg, Ann. "Masturbatory Insanity and Delinquency." In Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125818.003.0014.
Abstract:
As argued in chapter 4, masturbatory insanity was closely linked to male identity and contemporary notions of masculinity. An additional factor contributing to the obsessive focus of medical practitioners on masturbation was the usefulness of the concept of masturbatory illness to the professional interests and aspirations of medicine and of alienists in particular, a group who embraced the notion of masturbatory illness with special fervor. According to Gilbert, the masturbation diagnosis partly derived from a gap between the “prestige and skill level” of the medical profession. This disjuncture drove doctors “to explain diseases of which they had inadequate knowledge in terms of the moral feelings of their patients.” The issue for psychiatry, this chapter argues, was not so much a gap between prestige and knowledge as the use of a new type of knowledge to enhance the prestige of mental medicine. For it is surely not coincidental that the frenzy over masturbatory insanity coincided with the period in which a nascent psychiatry was struggling to establish itself as a legitimate medical specialty. The notion of masturbatory illness was also, as Foucault has pointed out, connected with the power relationships of nineteenth-century institutions, such as the school, the army, and the insane asylum. The following case study of Johann A., a single, thirty-five-year-old farm laborer and former soldier, shows the role played by the institutions of the army and the insane asylum in masturbatory insanity. It also suggests how masturbation could play a crucial role in the expansion and legitimation of psychiatric expertise through the insertion of a discourse of sexual pathology into areas of behavior long viewed and treated as disciplinary or criminal matters. It did this by providing the scientific basis for the diagnosis of illness in ambiguous cases, where distinctions between delinquency and illness were unclear. The use of the masturbation diagnosis for disciplining male delinquency varied, both institutionally and culturally, by social class. The second part of the chapter explores the different ways that male masturbatory insanity was coded in, and experienced by, lower- and middle-class men.
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Robinson, Anne. "Growing out of crime? Problems, pitfalls and possibilities." In Moving on from Crime and Substance Use. Policy Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447324676.003.0006.
Abstract:
This chapter considers questions of identity during adolescence and in the transition to adulthood, noting that the latter often involves a parallel transition out of youthful delinquency. The focus is on narrative identities and developing sense of biography as revealed across a range of empirical studies. The author also begins to explore how young people exercise agency in their construction of life stories and narratives of self, particularly where they have few resources to enable them to present themselves ‘well’, and may also be designated by others as in some way ‘troubled or troublesome’. Difficult or fractured transitions may have knock on effects for developing positive adult identities and practices, and may trap some young people in a position where their ‘offenderhood’ is both internalised and externally reinforced in their social relations. The challenge is then how to offer meaningful opportunities for growth and early forms of generativity.
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Anderson, Raymond A. "Back-Door." In Credit Intelligence & Modelling, 365–404. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844194.003.0010.
Abstract:
The ‘back-door’ areas {Collections/Recoveries (C&R) and Fraud} deal with problem accounts, with greater modelling latitude. (1)Collections and Recoveries—manage late payments arising from a variety of factors, whether consumer or business loans. Reasons may be genuine, or not—and collectors can be well versed in the tactics. Collections deals with early delinquencies with a goal to maintain the customer relationship; Recoveries, late delinquency where the relationship may be terminated. (2)Fraud—guards against and pursues cheats at the gambling table. Fraud types vary by i) relationship to account {1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-party}; ii) misrepresentation {embellishment, social engineering, identity theft and synthetics &c}; iii) whether the victim was conned into a voluntary transaction {authorized, unauthorized}. Various countermeasures can be used, whether manual/physical or online/electronic. In recent times, biometrics and multi-factor identification have become the norm. So too have analytical methods, whether to highlight high-risk individuals/transactions or abnormal patterns.