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1
Mennema, Sibe. "Normal state properties of high-angle grain Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-delta." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/194675.
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This dissertation describes the investigation of the normal-state properties of high-angle grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO) and Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-d (calcium-doped YBCO). YBCO is a high-temperature superconducting material with a superconducting transition temperature up to 93 K. Grain boundaries are interfaces between two crystals or grains, and severely reduce the attainable currents in practical, polycrystalline material. A grain boundary is characterised by the misorientation angle between the two adjacent crystals, which determines the atomic structure of the interface. The structure of low-angle grain boundaries (misorientation angles < ~7°) is well understood; it consists of a regular array of dislocations. For higher misorientation angles the dislocations merge and form a continuously distorted zone. The structure of these high-angle grain boundaries, and, hence, the mechanism for charge transport across the interface, is less well understood. The current-voltage behaviour of grain boundaries below the transition temperature of the YBCO has been investigated extensively, but less data is available of the resistive behaviour of the grain boundary in the normal state above the transition temperature. The doping of YBCO with calcium is known to decrease its transition temperature, but it can simultaneously improve the charge transport properties of grain boundaries in polycrystalline material. YBCO and calcium-doped YBCO thin films were fabricated on bicrystalline substrates. The grain boundaries had misorientation angles between 18° and 45°. The films were processed in order to obtain microscopic devices that made it possible to determine the resistance of the grain boundary below and above the transition temperature. A measurement system was used with which the voltage across the grain boundary can be measured as a function of applied current between 5 K and room temperature. A detailed model for charge transport by tunnelling across a grain boundary was used to interpret the results of the measurements of grain boundaries. An algorithm based on this model was formulated that made it possible to calculate a shape for the potential barrier at the grain boundary from the temperature dependence of its resistance. The microstructure of the grain boundary was investigated using Transmission Electron Microscopy. It was found that the grain boundary can show considerable deviations from a straight path in line with the substrate grain boundary, but there are also locations where such deviations are not observed. Extensive measurements showed that the resistance of the grain boundary decreases with increasing temperature above the transition temperature, and that resistance and the extent of resistance variation increases with misorientation angle. The resistance below the transition temperature was for certain misorientation angles observed to be independent of temperature at voltages sufficiently high to exclude the influence of the superconducting behaviour of YBCO. A reduction of the oxygen content of YBCO (higher value of d) increases the resistance and the temperature dependence of the resistance. The doping of YBCO with calcium decreases the resistance of the grain boundary below and above the transition temperature. The shape of the potential barrier at the grain boundary was calculated on the basis of most resistance-temperature measurements. The shape and size of potential barriers are used to explain the variation of the grain boundary resistance with misorientation angle, oxygen content and calcium doping percentage. The model shows little validity for grain boundaries with a higher misorientation angle and resistance, which indicates that charge transport across the grain boundary does not necessarily take place according the tunnelling with the assumptions made.
2
Ardila, Alex Javier Hernandez. "Estabilidade de ground state para a equação de Schrödinger logarítmica com potenciais do tipo delta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45131/tde-29082016-175729/.
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Na primeira parte do trabalho estudamos a equação de Schrödinger logarítmica com um delta potencial; $V(x)=-\\gamma \\,\\delta(x)$, onde $\\delta$ é a distribuição de Dirac na origem e o parâmetro real $\\gamma$ descreve a intensidade do potencial. Estabelecemos a existência e unicidade das soluções do problema de Cauchy associado em um espaço de funções adequado. No caso do potencial atrativo ($\\gamma>0$), calculamos de forma explícita o seu único ground state e mostramos a sua estabilidade orbital.\\\\ A segunda parte trata detalhadamente da equação de Schrödinger logarítmica com um delta derivada potencial; $V(x)=-\\gamma\\, \\delta^{\\prime}(x)$. A boa colocação global para o problema de Cauchy é verificada em um espaço de funções adequado. No caso do potencial atrativo ($\\gamma>0$), o conjunto dos ground states é completamente determinado. Mais precisamente: se $0<\\gamma\\leq2$, então há um único ground state e é uma função ímpar; se $\\gamma>2$, então existem dois ground states não-simétricos. Em adição, provamos que cada ground state é orbitalmente estável através de uma abordagem variacional. Finalmente, usando a teoria de extensão de operadores simétricos, também mostramos um resultado de instabilidade para $\\gamma>2$.The first part of this thesis deals with the logarithmic Schrödinger equation with a delta potential; $V(x)=-\\gamma \\,\\delta(x)$, where $\\delta$ is the Dirac distribution at the origin and the real parameter $\\gamma$ is interpreted as the strength of the potential. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the associated Cauchy problem in a suitable functional framework. In the attractive potential case ($\\gamma>0$), we explicitly compute the unique ground state and we show their orbital stability .\\\\ The second part deals with the case of the logarithmic Schrödinger equation with a delta prime potential; $V(x)=-\\gamma\\, \\delta^{\\prime}(x)$. Global well-posedness is verified for the Cauchy problem in a suitable functional space. In the attractive potential case ($\\gamma>0$), the set of the ground state is completely determined. More precisely: if $0<\\gamma\\leq2$, then there is a single ground state and it is an odd function; if $\\gamma>2$, then there exist two non-symmetric ground states. Moreover, we show that every ground state is orbitally stable via a variational approach. Finally, by applying the theory of extensions of symetric operators, we also prove a result of instability for $\\gamma>2$.
3
Liao, Bo. "A LOW-ORDER NONLINEAR STATE-SPACE MODEL FOR DELTA WING LEADING EDGE VORTICES." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1145454218.
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Dewdney, Andrew James. "The optical properties of delta doping GaAs based superlattices and heterostructures." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244658.
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Shittu, Whanda Ja'afaru. "Mapping oil spill human health risk in rivers state, Niger Delta, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14115/.
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Oil pipelines play a significant role in crude oil transportation and bring danger close to communities along their paths. Pipeline accidents happen every now and then due to factors ranging from operational cause to third party damage. In the Niger Delta pipeline system, interdiction is common; therefore, every length and breadth of land covered by a pipeline is vulnerable to oil pollution, which can pose a threat to land use. Weak enforcement of rights of way led to encroachment by farmers and human dwellings, thereby bringing people in close proximity to pipelines. Considering the impact exposure can have on human health, a method was developed for identifying vulnerable communities within a designated potential pipeline impact radius, and generic assessment criteria developed for assessing land use exposure. The GIS based model combines four weighted criteria layers, i.e. land cover, population, river and pipeline buffers in a multi-criteria decision making with analytical hierarchy process to develop an automated mapping tool designed to perform three distinct operations: firstly, to delineate pipeline hazard areas; secondly, establish potential pipeline impact radius; and thirdly, identify vulnerable communities in high consequence areas. The model was tested for sensitivity and found to be sensitive to river criterion; transferability on the other hand is limited to similar criteria variables. To understand spatial distribution of oil spills, 443 oil spill incidents were examined and found to tend towards cluster distribution. Meanwhile, the main causes of spills include production error (34.8%) and interdiction (31.6%); interdiction alone discharged about 61.4% of crude oil. This brings to light the significance of oil pipeline spills and the tendency to increase the risk of exposure. The generic assessment criteria were developed for three land uses using CLEA v 1.06 for aromatic (EC5-EC44) and aliphatic (EC5-EC44) fractions. The use of the model and screening criteria are embedded in a framework designed to stimulate public participation in pipeline management and pipeline hazard mitigation, which policy makers and regulators in the oil industry can find useful in pipeline hazard management and exposure mitigation.
6
Harrison, Marcus. "The vortex chain state of the superconductor YBaâ†2Cuâ†3Oâ†7â†-â†#delta#." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364382.
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Mattner, Mark. "Appearing like a state: oil companies and local violence in the Niger Delta." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107641.
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What determines the extent to which communities in the Niger Delta experience violence? The dissertation addresses this question by focusing on the role of multinational oil companies in local governance, where state institutions are weak. The available literature often overlooks this important dimension. Specifically, the dissertation evaluates whether the choice of community relation policies by oil companies accounts for variations in local violence. These policies often include community development projects and attempts at strengthening local institutions. The main hypothesis is that where projects are allocated and implemented through participatory processes, informal institutions are created which substitute for weak local governments and reduce violence. The dissertation tests this contention by comparing four cases which were selected according to differences in their levels of violence. It concludes that the hypothesis is valid only in highly specific circumstances. In most cases, levels of repression and the relationship between companies and local elites are more significant explanations for violence. This is because oil companies and the state continue to rely primarily on repression and co-optation in their relationship with local communities. Community development and corporate social responsibility are secondary concerns. The central implication of this analysis is that a solution to the crisis in the Niger Delta is unlikely to lie in self-regulation and non-binding commitments by corporate actors. More promising approaches are strengthening local governments by ensuring the integrity of local elections and more stringent regulation of oil company conduct.Qu'est ce qui détermine la mesure dans laquelle les communautés dans le Delta du Niger souffrent de la violence pétrolière? Cette thèse aborde cette question en se concentrant sur le rôle des compagnies pétrolières multinationales en matière de gouvernance locale où les institutions étatiques sont faibles. La littérature disponible néglige souvent cette dimension importante. La thèse évalue si le choix des compagnies concernant leurs techniques de relations avec les communautés locales explique les variations de la violence locale. Ces techniques comprennent souvent des projets de développement local et de soutien des institutions locales. La proposition principale est que si les projets sont planifiées et mis en œuvre de manière participative, des institutions informelles peuvent être créées et ainsi se substituer aux faibles gouvernements locaux et réduire la violence. La thèse teste cette proposition en comparant quatre communautés locales qui ont été sélectionnées en fonction de leurs différences en matière de violence. Elle conclut que la proposition n'est valable que dans des circonstances très spécifiques. Dans la plupart des cas, la relation entre les compagnies et les élites locales ainsi que le niveau de répression sont des explications plus significatives. La raison est que les compagnies pétrolières et l'Etat continuent de s'appuyer principalement sur la cooptation et la répression afin de protéger l'exploitation du pétrole. Le développement local et la responsabilité sociale sont des préoccupations secondaires. L'implication centrale de cette analyse est que les engagements d'autorégulation non contraignante par les compagnies pétrolières ne représentent pas une solution réaliste à la crise dans le Delta du Niger. Le renforcement des gouvernements locaux et la réglementation plus stricte des compagnies pétrolières sont des approches plus prometteuses.
8
Keeney, David Paul. "Relationship between vegetation boundaries and severe local storms in the Delta region of Mississippi." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04022009-105911.
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Dewhurst, Charles David. "Magnetisation measurements of high temperature superconducting single crystal Biâ†2Srâ†2CaCuâ†2Oâ†8â†+â†#delta#." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387985.
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Towner, M. C. "An investigation of the high temperature superconductor La2-xSrxCuO4-delta near to a structural transition." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261350.
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Saha, Jonathan. "Misconduct and the colonial state in everyday life : The Irrawaddy Delta, Burma c.1900." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535745.
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Okonofua, Benjamin A. "Paths to Peacebuilding: Amnesty and the Niger Delta Violence." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/62.
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This mixed-method analysis of three Nigerian states explores the ways in which a major policy shift has produced short-term peace outcomes in a vastly contested terrain entailing conflicting interests. The central argument of "Paths to Peacebuilding," is that disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration can create peace in resource-conflicted societies when there is governmental will and community and citizen involvement in both the design and implementation of the program. The overriding concern was whether the DDR process was capable of contributing to tangible improvements in real and perceived safety on the ground as well as destroying the structures that both contributed to and sustained insurgency for over two decades. The disarmament process yielded over 3,000 semi- and fully automatic weapons and other military style hardware. It also resulted in the demobilization of over 26,000 former fighters. The DDR program generated important but geographically differentiated reductions in militant violence across the three states studied.
The study analyzes survey and interview data from a random sample of 346 combatants and ex-combatants and other knowledgeable informants in three Niger Delta states - Rivers, Delta, and Bayelsa. The dissertation compared DDR success rates between individuals who entered the DDR program and those who did not. An examination of the programming determinants, controlling for non-programmatic factors including community exposure to pollution reveals some evidence of macro success and micro failure. While the program has created a new sense of peace that allows oil corporations to continue oil production unhindered leading to increased oil earnings for the Nigerian state, there is lack of local level support for the program or its participants. For example, findings of significant association between participation in the program and the successful disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of ex-combatants are moderated by participation effects. While evidence of some level of macro success is clearly indicated in addition to some level of impact on the lives of program participants, the failure to adequately link DDR to broad economic and social development programs may obviate the tentative gains made and plunge the region into potentially more devastating rounds of violent insurgency and counter-insurgency.
13
Wilson, Stephen Peter. "One-dimensional modelling of pseudomorphic semiconductor heterostructures with applications to capacitance-voltage profililng and #delta#-doping." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306565.
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Alberding, Brian. "Photophysics and Excited State Electronic Communication in Quadruply Bonded Paddlewheel Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1309959318.
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Chiapini, Mariane. "Genesis and organic matter chemistry of sombric horizons in subtropical soils (Paraná State, Brazil)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-18052017-184016/.
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Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Therefore, it is important to understand the stability of SOM, which is related to several processes. Its intrinsic properties may be related to its stability, for example black carbon is considered to be relatively resistant to degradation. In most soils, the dark horizons coincide with the superficial layers or horizons due to the greater accumulation of organic matter, but in the southern states of Brazil, the presence of soils with dark subsurface horizons is frequently observed. The dark subsurface horizon of these soils are similar to a sombric horizon. Aspects about its origin, formation and preservation have not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of this work is to understand the formation of \'sombric\' horizons in soils of the region from Tijucas do Sul (Paraná, Brazil). Five soil profiles were described and collected, from which three originate from a toposequence and contained a \'sombric\' horizon (P1-P3), a reference soil that is representative of the area (P5) and an intermediate soil (P4) that showed morphology between the reference soil and the soils with a \'sombric\' horizon. To this end SOM is studied for its molecular composition by the pyrolysis technique coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (pyrolysis-GC-MS). In addition, 13C isotopic composition (δ13C) and phytolytic composition were studied in order to understand paleoclimatic conditions. These results will be related to past environmental conditions using 14C dating techniques, and supported by classical soil analysis. The samples of the horizons were submitted to the SOM chemical fractionation, generating two fractions: extractable fraction with NaOH (EXT) and residue (RES). The morphology of the profiles showed an intense biological activity in A horizons and a wide distribution of microfragments of charcoals. The lateral continuity of \'sombric\' horizons in toposequence soils was also observed, which differentiated them (P1-P3) from buried A horizons. The distribution of SOM in the fractions studied was the same for the five profiles studied: EXT> RES. Products related to wildfires such as polyaromatics (PAHs; BC) were found in all profiles, but in greater relative abundance in the \'sombric\' horizons, indicating a higher incidence of fire during the formation of these horizons and these compounds can be related to the maintenance of dark color of the \'sombric\' horizons. In relation to the paleoclimatic conditions it was observed that the dark subsurface horizons were developed during the Mid-Holocene under vegetation composed mainly by C4 grasses with shrubs, evidencing a drier climate corresponding to a higher fire incidence.A matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) desempenha um papel importante no ciclo global do carbono. Portanto, é importante entender a estabilidade da MOS, que está relacionada a vários processos. As suas propriedades intrínsecas podem estar relacionadas com a sua estabilidade, por exemplo, o \"black carbon\" é considerado relativamente resistente à degradação. Na maioria dos solos, os horizontes escuros coincidem com as camadas ou horizontes superficiais devido ao maior acúmulo de matéria orgânica, mas nos estados do sul do Brasil, a presença de solos com horizontes subsuperficiais escurecidos é frequentemente observada. O horizonte subsuperficial escurecido destes solos assemelha-se a um horizonte sômbrico. Aspectos sobre sua origem, formação e preservação ainda não foram totalmente elucidados. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a formação de horizontes \'sômbricos\' em solos da região de Tijucas do Sul (Paraná, Brasil). Foram descritos e coletados cinco perfis de solo, dos quais três estão localizados em uma topossequência e continham um horizonte similar ao sômbrico (P1-P3), um solo de referência representativo da área (P5) e um solo intermediário (P4) que apresentou uma morfologia entre o solo de referência e os solos com horizonte \'sômbrico\'. Para este fim, a MOS foi estudada pela sua composição molecular através da técnica de pirólise acoplada à cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massa (pirólise-GC-MS). Além disso, estudou-se a composição isotópica 13C (δ 13C) e a composição fitolítica, a fim de compreender as condições paleoclimáticas que foram relacionados com as condições ambientais passadas usando técnicas de datação com 14C, e suportados pelas análises clássicas de solo. As amostras dos horizontes foram submetidas ao fracionamento químico MOS, gerando duas frações: fração extraível com NaOH (EXT) e resíduo (RES). A morfologia dos perfis mostrou uma intensa atividade biológica nos horizontes A e uma ampla distribuição de microfragmentos de carvão. Observouse também a continuidade lateral de horizontes \'sômbricos\' em solos da topossequência (P1-P3), diferenciando-os dos horizontes A enterrados. A distribuição da MOS nas frações estudadas pela pirólise foi a mesma para os cinco perfis: EXT> RES. Os produtos relacionados a incêndios florestais como os poliaromáticos (PAHs, BC) foram encontrados em todos os perfis, mas em maior abundância relativa nos horizontes sômbricos, indicando uma maior incidência de incêndio durante a formação destes horizontes. Os PAHs podem estar relacionados com a manutenção da cor escura dos horizontes \'sômbricos\'. Em relação às condições paleoclimáticas observou-se que os horizontes subsuperficiais escurecidos foram desenvolvidos durante o Holoceno Médio sob vegetação composta principalmente por gramíneas C4 com arbustos, evidenciando um clima mais seco correspondente a maior incidência de incêndio.
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Jennings, Sheba. "Student and faculty perceptions of accelerated nursing programs on the nursing shortage in the Mississippi Delta." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-10312008-151941.
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Blessitt, James Brewer. "Productivity of raised seedbeds for soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] production on clayey soils of the Mississippi Delta." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04012008-071230.
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Athanassopoulou, Nikoletta. "Effect of cation substitution on the physical properties of the high temperature superconductor YBaâ†2Cuâ†3Oâ†7â†-â†#delta#." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360574.
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Inuwa, Solomon. "A critical evaluation of the 2009 Niger Delta Amnesty Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration programme." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14640.
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Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) have become a key component of the postconflict peacebuilding orthodoxy. Therefore, this study evaluates the efficacy of Amnesty, Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (ADDR) in conflict prevention and resolution using the 2009 Niger Delta ADDR programme as a case study. The study evaluated the effectiveness of the programme using the minimalist and maximalist framework advanced in the DDR literature. The key findings and conclusions of the Study were that a minimalist DDR would only achieve security stabilisation and return excombatants to the status quo- ante society with all the pre-conflict grievances unaddressed thereby bequeathing a high potential of relapse to violence. Furthermore, for DDR to be an effective conflict prevention and resolution mechanism and postconflict peacebuilding force, its conceptualisation, design and implementation must be maximalist in nature with a transformative agenda that aims to address the roots causes of violence.
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Obhi, Harjinder Singh. "An infrared spectroscopic study of phonon renormalisation effects in YBaâ†2Cuâ†3Oâ†7â†-â†#delta# and related high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318435.
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Chang, Byeong-Yun. "Estimation Techniques for Nonlinear Functions of the Steady-State Mean in Computer Simulation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4917.
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A simulation study consists of several steps such as data collection, coding
and model verification, model validation, experimental design, output data analysis,
and implementation. Our research concentrates on output data analysis. In this field,
many researchers have studied how to construct confidence intervals for the mean u
of a stationary stochastic process. However, the estimation of the value of a nonlinear
function f(u) has not received a lot of attention in the simulation literature. Towards
this goal, a batch-means-based methodology was proposed by Munoz and Glynn (1997).
Their approach did not consider consistent estimators for the variance of the point
estimator for f(u). This thesis, however, will consider consistent variance estimation
techniques to construct confidence intervals for f(u). Specifically, we propose methods
based on the combination of the delta method and nonoverlapping batch means
(NBM), standardized time series (STS), or a combination of both. Our approaches
are tested on moving average, autoregressive, and M/M/1 queueing processes. The
results show that the resulting confidence intervals (CIs) perform often better than
the CIs based on the method of Munoz and Glynn in terms of coverage, the mean of
their CI half-width, and the variance of their CI half-width.
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Warren, Glen Andrew. "Induced final state proton polarization in neutral pion electroproduction near the [delta](1232) resonance at Q² = -0.126 GeV²/c²." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43306.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1997.On t.p. "[delta]" appears as the lower case Greek letter.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-[211]).
by Glen Andrew Warren.
Ph.D.
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Ekpenyong, Mandu Stephen. "Factors influencing access to emergency obstetric care amongst women seen in one of the tertiary health facilities in Delta State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/622067.
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Background/Aim: Historical evidences indicate that maternal health care by a skilled birth attendant is one of the key strategies for maternal survival. However, the rate of maternity care utilisation and reduction of maternal death is very low in Nigeria. This study was designed to investigate factors influencing access to emergency obstetric care with a view to guiding programmatic efforts targeted at overcoming these barriers and also contribute to health reforms in Nigeria. Hence, the need to understand factors influencing access to emergency obstetric care in Nigeria using the Socio-ecological Model (SEM) and Gender and Development (GAD) to identify associated factors operating at different levels. Methods: A mixed method was employed for this study. Data collection used questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Questionnaires were distributed to 330 respondents of which 318 of them were retrieved and qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted for 6 participants. Data collection were done using a sequential approach. The study was conducted in one of the tertiary health facilities in Nigeria from January-April, 2015, amongst mothers aged 15-45 years meeting the study inclusion criteria. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in analysing the quantitative data. Bivariate and logistic regressions were conducted for the quantitative data whilst a qualitative content analysis was done for the qualitative data. Results: The study established that education, income level, costs associated with seeking care, distance and time taken to travel were significantly associated with maternity healthcare services utilisation. Quality of service, staff attitude and women's autonomy showed consistent significant association with maternal health care utilisation. Conclusions: The study concludes that; costs of treatment, distance and time, income level, staff attitude and women's autonomy were critical in determining women utilisation of maternity care services. Recommendation: As an outcome of this research, best practice framework has been developed. The framework presents a coherent and systematic approach for achieving sustainable MH by providing a roadmap for instituting measures at the policy, health facility, community and at the individual levels, taking into account factors that are likely to promote or impede the achievement of sustainable MH.
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Unabia, Oliver Chidi. "An Analysis of the Amnesty Policy of Nigerian Government on Niger Delta Crisis." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21563.
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Oil producing communities of Nigeria known as Niger Delta region has been a region characterized with fierce violent conflict for more than a decade. The conflict is between successive Nigerian Governments and their collaborating oil companies, and militant groups from the region. And the core issues in the conflict are the socio-economic deprivations and denial of resource control which were occasioned by corporate malfeasance and indifference of successive Nigerian Governments to the plight, demands and aspirations of the people of the region. The Nigerian Government who first aggravated the violent conflict in the region through the use of violent repression as an anti-protest measure however proposed an amnesty policy in June 2009 as a non-violent measure to address the crisis in the region. The policy aimed solely at disarming, rehabilitating and reintegrating the militants into the Nigerian state. The implementation of the policy brought a relative peace to the long troubled region for the first time, with the seeming compliance of the militants. This study however argues that the policy has no feasibility of ensuring a genuine and lasting peace in the long troubled region because its focus is not on the root cause of the crisis. Thus it argues that addressing the issue of human rights whose lack is the root cause of the crisis and whose provision has always been demands and the aspirations of the people will instead engender a genuine and lasting peace in the region.
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Taylor-Grover, Leslie. "Does size matter? School size, student outcomes, the state of Mississippi and its Delta region implications for socioeconomic well-being /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1173994344/.
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Nguyen, Van Manh [Verfasser], and Bruno [Akademischer Betreuer] Merz. "Large-scale floodplain sediment dynamics in the Mekong Delta : present state and future prospects / Van Manh Nguyen ; Betreuer: Bruno Merz." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1218491116/34.
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Huynh, Thi Phuong Linh [Verfasser]. "State-Society Interaction in Vietnam : The Everyday Dialogue of Local Irrigation Management in the Mekong Delta / Thi Phuong Linh Huynh." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077265492/34.
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Ige, Mayowa. "Whoever Controls Access to the Tap Collects Rent On It: How Nigeria’s Function as a Gatekeeper State Fostered Environmental Degradation by Transnational Corporations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/143.
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Every year, for the past 50 years, Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta has suffered the same magnitude of oil spill in its rivers and swamps than was spilled in the 2010 Gulf Oil Spill. The damage has devastated the way of life of the Ogoni people who live in the area. They have consistently suffered environmental injustice as a result of Shell’s oil exploration, and the Nigerian government has ignored their cries for help and restitution. In fact, movements to garner support for environmental justice and fare share of oil profits and ownership from Shell and the state have been brutally shut down by the Nigerian government.
Could it be that the reason that the state is willing to allow such a grave level of environmental degradation to persist is not only because it is corrupt, but also because the Nigerian government functions as a gatekeeper state guarding its precious oil resources? Following independence, many oil-producing countries turned to spigot economies that allowed whoever controlled access to the tap to collect rent on it. Thus, as a gatekeeper state, it is not in the best interest of the Nigerian government to give up its rent-seeking behaviors with Shell to appease its citizens because it may disrupt its relationship with the outside corporations. As a result, many of the cries for environmental justice by the Ogoni people have been met with resistance from the state since their function has evolved to collect taxes on exports and imports—not to maintain the trust of its citizens.
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Nguyen, Thi Phuong Loan. "Legal framework of the water sector in Vietnam: achievements and challenges." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88472.
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Since 1986 and especially during the early 90s, environmental protection has become a constitutional principle in Vietnam as regulated by Articles 17 and 29 of the 1992 Constitution. The first Law on Environmental Protection, passed by the National Assembly on December 27, 1993 created a foundation for environmental legislation becoming an important field in Vietnam’s legal system. In the following, Vietnam enacted its very first Law on Water Resources (No. 08/1998/QH10) in January 1999 aiming to provide a foundational framework for managing the water sector in Vietnam. In recent years, the legislative framework on water resources management has further developed. Important water-related regulations on the guidance and implementation of the Law on Water Resources have been issued and often amended to meet the requirements of the country’s development, and its international integration. To date, Vietnam’s legislation on the water sector consists of a complex system of legal documents issued by different state agencies. Though legislation of water sector management in Vietnam has greatly improved during the last decade, it has obviously not yet come to full fruition. Hence, the paper intends to provide an overview of achievements as well as problems and conflicting issues within Vietnam’s current water sector management legislationKể từ năm 1986, đặc biệt là những năm đầu của thập kỷ 90, bảo vệ môi trường đã trở thành nguyên tắc hiến định (được quy định tại Điều 17 và 29 Hiến pháp 1992). Luật Bảo vệ môi trường đầu tiên được Quốc hội thông qua ngày 27 tháng 12 năm 1993 đã đặt nền móng cho việc hình thành hệ thống pháp luật về môi trường ở Việt Nam. Tiếp theo đó, ngày 20 tháng 05 năm 1998, Quốc hội nước Cộng hòa xã hội Việt Nam khóa X, kỳ họp thứ 3 đã thông qua văn bản luật đầu tiên về tài nguyên nước - Luật Tài nguyên nước số 08/1998/QH10 hình thành một nền tảng pháp lý cho hệ thống pháp luật bảo vệ nguồn tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam. Trong những năm gần đây, hầu hết các văn bản dưới luật quan trọng và cần thiết cho việc hướng dẫn thi hành Luật Tài nguyên nước đã được ban hành và không ngừng được sửa đổi, bổ sung nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu phát triển và hội nhập quốc tế của đất nước trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau. Tuy nhiên, khung pháp lý hiện hành về tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam bao gồm một hệ thống các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật khá phức tạp, nhiều tầng nấc, được ban hành bởi nhiều cơ quan có thẩm quyền khác nhau. Mặc dù hệ thống pháp luật về tài nguyên nước đã được liên tục sửa đổi, bổ sung và hoàn thiện trong suốt một thập kỷ qua, nhưng rõ ràng vẫn chưa thực sự đi vào cuộc sống. Bài viết dưới đây đề cập chủ yến đến một số các thành tựu cũng như những vấn đề mâu thuẫn hiện tại của pháp luật bảo vệ nguồn tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam
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Bouquet, Frédéric. "Etude thermodynamique de l'état mixte dans YBa2Cu3O(7-(delta)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10214.
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L'etat mixte des supraconducteurs de type ii est caracterise par l'existence de vortex, quanta de flux definis par des boucles de supercourants. Alors que dans les supraconducteurs conventionnels ces vortex s'ordonnent en reseau dans pratiquement tout l'etat mixte (reseau d'abrikosov), le diagramme de phase dans le plan champ-temperature est beaucoup plus riche dans les supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique. Nous presenterons ici une etude thermodynamique du systeme de vortex dans le compose yba#2cu#3o#(#7##x#), realisee principalement par des mesures des chaleur specifique, mais egalement par des mesures d'aimantation. Experimentalement, nous avons porte nos efforts sur le developpement d'un calorimetre par modulation de temperature, atteignant ainsi une tres bonne resolution et permettant le travail sous champ magnetique eleve. Nos mesures confirment l'existence d'une transition thermodynamique, du premier ordre, dans le systeme de vortex. Nous presentons de plus un test original de la presence eventuelle d'une hysteresis lors de cette transition, grace au principe alternatif de notre mesure. Nous discutons aussi la question de l'existence d'une phase de vortex basse temperature haut champ. En effet au dessus d'un champ caracteristique b#c#r, qui peut etre tres eleve selon l'echantillon (jusqu'a 26 t), la chaleur latente disparait et la transition devient continue. Le couplage entre mesures d'aimantation et mesures de chaleur specifique montre l'importance du desordre dans cette disparition, et nous explorons plusieurs hypotheses pour expliquer nos resultats. L'existence d'une phase de vortex entierement differente des deux phases mises en jeu lors de la transition du premier ordre a bas champ ne semble pas compatible avec nos mesures.
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Alzate, Oscar. "Structural and functional studies on the Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry1Ab (delta)-endotoxin and its membrane bound state to Manduca Sexta brush border membrane vesicles /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487952208108499.
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Krubu, Dorcas. "Information behaviour of Nigerian undergraduates in the world of Web 2.0: The case of Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Delta State, Nigeria, a specialized university." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5528.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Library and Information Studies)The study investigated the information behaviour of Nigerian undergraduates with a focus on online media, especially Web 2.0. Nigeria has a laudable vision tagged Nigeria Vision 20:2020 (NV 20:2020), which is to be one of the top 20 knowledge economies by the year 2020. To achieve this grand feat, the nation requires a skilled population with 21st century graduate attributes who are information literate. That is, graduates who possess the competencies and high capabilities to effectively use and disseminate information for optimum service delivery in this epoch of information proliferation and technologies that are yet evolving. To ascertain the preparedness of Nigeria for the laudable Vision 20:2020, the research work investigated the information behaviour of Nigerian undergraduates using a specialized university, the Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, as the case study site. The university was established in 2007 to meet the demands of the petroleum industry which is the largest in Nigerian in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
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Mantheni, Dhruthiman Reddy. "NOVEL SOLIS STATE PROPERTIES OF DRUGS, POLYMERS AND VARIOUS CHEMICALS BY THERMAL AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1356019701.
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Vigliassi, Marcos Paulo. "Projeto de sistemas de medição confiáveis para efeito de estimação de estado via algoritmos evolutivos e matriz \'H IND. \'delta\'\'POT.T\'." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-04012010-101933/.
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Nos modernos centros de operação dos Sistemas Elétricos de Potência (SEP), as variáveis de estado estimadas, ao invés das medidas, constituem a base de dados para as ações de controle e operação em tempo real. Desta forma, o processo de estimação de estado é de fundamental importância para operação dos SEP. O sucesso do processo de estimação de estado depende do sistema de medição disponível, isto é, do número, tipo e localização dos medidores e das Unidades Terminais Remotas (UTRs), instalados no SEP. Desenvolveu-se, neste trabalho, uma metodologia para projeto e fortalecimento de sistemas de medição, para efeito de estimação de estado. A metodologia baseia-se em Algoritmos Evolutivos (AEs) e na estrutura da matriz H \'delta\'. Pela análise da estrutura dessa matriz, que é obtida via um processo de fatoração triangular da matriz Jacobiana, a metodologia desenvolvida possibilita a obtenção de sistemas de medição confiáveis (SMC), considerando a possibilidade de o sistema possuir diferentes topologias. Neste trabalho, um sistema de medição é considerado confiável se for observável e não possuir medidas críticas, conjunto crítico de medidas e UTRs críticas. Um AE foi desenvolvido para obtenção do melhor SMC, com custo mínimo de investimento. Essa abordagem utiliza uma função de fitness que mede o custo da instalação de medidores e UTRs para obtenção de um determinado SMC. Uma vantagem relevante da metodologia desenvolvida é a sua estratégia para a obtenção de SMCs. Uma codificação indireta do cromossomo, representando uma ordem preferencial de instalação de medidores, combinada com as propriedades da matriz H \'delta\', garante ao AE a geração somente de soluções viáveis, ou seja, SMCs. Para comprovar a eficiência da metodologia desenvolvida, vários testes foram realizados, utilizando os sistemas de 6, 14, 30 e 118 barras do IEEE, bem como o sistema de 61 barras da Eletropaulo.In modern operating control centers, the estimated state variables, instead of the measured state variables, constitute the database used to set up power systems real-time control actions. Consequently, the state estimation process is essential for power system real-time operation. The success of the state estimation process depends on the available metering systems, that is, on the topological distribution of the established meters and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) on the system. A methodology for metering system planning for state estimation purposes was developed in this work. The methodology is based on both Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) and on the analysis of the called H \'delta\' matrix. By analyzing the structure of this matrix, which is obtained via a triangular factorization of the Jacobian matrix, the developed methodology can determine reliable metering systems (RMS), under many different topology scenarios. In this work a metering system is considered as reliable if it is observable and has no critical measurements, critical sets neither critical RTUs. An EA was developed to find the best RMS with minimal investment cost. The developed EA uses a fitness function that measures the installation cost of meters and RTUs from a given RMS. One relevant advantage of the developed methodology is its strategy to obtain RMS. An indirect chromosome encoding representing a preferential order of meters installation combined with properties of the H \'delta\' matrix guarantees the proposed EA generates only feasible solutions, i.e. RMSs. In order to validate the developed methodology, several tests were executed considering the IEEE 6, 14, 30 and 118 bus systems, as well as the real system with 61 buses from Eletropaulo.
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Nguyen, Van Khanh Triet [Verfasser], Bruno [Akademischer Betreuer] Merz, Matti [Akademischer Betreuer] Kummu, Bruno [Gutachter] Merz, Matti [Gutachter] Kummu, and Stephen [Gutachter] Darby. "Flood dynamics in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta : Current state and future projections / Van Khanh Triet Nguyen ; Gutachter: Bruno Merz, Matti Kummu, Stephen Darby ; Bruno Merz, Matti Kummu." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239176635/34.
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Winker, Charles David 1952. "Neogene stratigraphy of the Fish Creek-Vallecito section, southern California : implications for early history of the northern Gulf of California and Colorado Delta." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191123.
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The Fish Creek-Vallecito section is the most stratigraphically complete and structurally intact Neogene exposure in the Salton Trough, and thus provides a useful reference section for regional stratigraphie revision and historical interpretation of the early Gulf of California and Colorado Delta. The section comprises a marine sequence (Imperial Formation) bracketed by nonmarine units (Split Mountain and Alverson Formations below, Palm Spring Formation and Canebrake Conglomerate above). Recognition of distinct suites of locally-derived and Colorado River-derived sediment, combined with sedimentological evidence, led to revision of this sequence in terms of informal members and geneticstratigraphic units: (1) pre-rift braided-stream deposits (2) syn-rift fanglomerates and volcanics, with local pre-marine evaporites; (3) pre-deltaic marine units, deposited primarily as small fan deltas; a progradational sequence of the ancestral Colorado delta, consisting of (4) an upward-shoaling marine sequence, and (5) a nonmarine deltaplain sequence; (6) lacustrine units; and (7) locally-derived basinmargin alluvium that interfingers with (4), (5) and (6). Neogene palinspastic base maps for paleogeographic mapping were based on displacement histories for the Pacific-North American plate boundary and its constituent faults. The tectonic-sedimentary history consists of: (1) early to middle Miocene rifting that propagated southward from southern California to the Gulf mouth; (2) northward marine transgression of the rift basin, reaching southern California by the late Miocene; (3) development of the San Andreas-Gulf of California transform boundary by inboard transfer of intraplate slip; (4) earliest Pliocene initiation of the lower Colorado River and Delta by rapid epeirogenic uplift of the Bouse Embayment; and (5) late Pliocene or Pleistocene transpressive uplift in the western Salton Trough caused by outboard transfer of slip from the San Andreas fault. The stratigraphic succession in the western Salton Trough resulted largely from tectonic transport through a series of paleoenvironments anchored to the North American plate by the entry point of the Colorado River.
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Borges, Patrícia de Sena Piacsek. "Índices e modelos biogeoquímicos para definição do estado trófico, suscetibilidade à eutrofização e metabolismo do estuário do rio Paraíba do Sul, RJ." Niterói, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/1585.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências-Geoquímica. Niterói, RJ
Ao longo das últimas seis décadas foram intensificadas as pressões antrópicas nas regiões costeiras de todo o globo. Alterações no uso do solo, aporte fluvial de efluentes domésticos, industriais e fertilizantes da agricultura são as principais fontes de nutrientes antropogênicas. Os ambientes costeiros são reconhecidamente áreas de interface terra-mar, onde o aporte terrígeno pode alterar significativamente os ecossistemas destas regiões. Este estudo avaliou comparativamente dois índices de estado trófico e dois modelos de eutrofização para a região do delta estuarino do Paraíba do Sul, localizado no norte fluminense, RJ. As premissas dos índices tróficos são baseadas nas concentrações de elementos biogênicos (nitrogênio e fósforo) e a biomassa autotrófica presentes no ambiente. Os indices foram estabelecidos pelos trabalhos de VOLLENWEIDER (1968), RAST & HOLLAND (1978) e O’Boyle (2013), são eles: índice “O’Boyle” e TRIX. Os modelos de eutrofização utilizados foram ASSETS (Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status; BRICKER et al., 2003; FERREIRA et al., 2007) e LOICZ (Land and Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone; GORDON et al., 1996). O Modelo ASSETS avalia os indicadores de pressão, o estado, a resposta e a suscetibilidade do ambiente à eutrofização. O modelo LOICZ estabelece o balanço de massa de elementos conservativos (água e sal) e não-conservativos (elementos biogênicos) e identifica a natureza do metabolismo do sistema, seja do tipo autotrófico ou heterotrófico e se age como uma fonte ou um sumidouro de matéria. Foram utilizados dados pretéritos fornecidos por STERZA (2004), estes foram obtidos entre 2002 e 2003 durante 12 campanhas de coleta ao longo de um transecto constituinte por 9 pontos de amostragem, com 2 profundidades distintas, abrangendo a fonte fluvial, o gradiente estuarino, a pluma costeira e a fonte marinha. O comportamento do sistema foi analisado para três condições: período seco, úmido e anual. O sistema apresentou estratificação parcial em todos os cenários analisados. Os resultados apontaram dinâmica sazonal, com exceção do resultado do ASSETS que não apresentou sensibilidade suficiente para tal. Os dois índices do estado trófico indicaram o sistema estuarino interno como moderado (mesotrófico a eutrófico) durante o período chuvoso. Esta condição é decorrente do aporte continental acrescido do escoamento superficial (runoff), mais intensos para o período. Os índices para sistema estuarino externo indicaram mesotrofia. Notou-se a inversão destes cenários, para os setores interno e externo, durante o período seco. O sistema como um todo, para o ciclo anual, mostrou-se potencialmente eutrofizado. O modelo ASSETS indicou que o sistema apresenta moderada suscetibilidade à eutrofização. Quanto ao balanço de massa, o estuário interno apresentou fluxos característicos de produção de elementos biogênicos (NID e PID), correspondendo a uma fonte. O sistema estuarino externo atua de forma muito parecida, com exceção do NID que não se encontra tão disponível para regiões adjacentes durante o período seco. Todas as metodologias foram validas para o sistema. Os índices obtiveram respostas semelhantes, o modelo ASSETS apresentou menor sensibilidade ao comportamento do sistema e o modelo LOICZ descreveu de forma minuciosa o balanço dos elementos biogênicos e indicou a tendência geral do sistema para o metabolismo heterotrófico
the main sources of anthropogenic nutrients’ to the coastal zone. This study compared two indices of trophic state and two models that assesses the susceptibility of eutrophication and the whole system metabolism for the estuarine region of the Paraíba do Sul river, located in northern Rio de Janeiro state, RJ. The trophic indices are based on the concentrations of biogenic elements (nitrogen and phosphorus), autotrophic biomass (The TRIX Index; VOLLENWEIDER,1968 & 2008; RAST & HOLLAND,1978) and also pH and dissolved oxygen (O'Boyle, 2013). The models were ASSETS (Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status; BRICKER et al, 2003; Ferreira et al, 2007) and LOICZ (Land and Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone; GORDON et al, 1996). The ASSETS model assessed indicators of pressure, state, response and the susceptibility eutrophication of the environment. The LOICZ model establishes the conservative (water and salt) and non-conservative (biogenic elements) mass balance and identifies the state for the metabolism of the system, being either autotrophic or heterotrophic or in equilibrium. The findings also indicated if the system acts as a source or a sink of biogenic matter. The data used in this work was provided by Sterza (2004), which were obtained between 2002 and 2003 during 12 collection’ campaigns along a transect constituted 9 sampling points, with 2 different depths. Along this transect the river source, the estuarine gradient, the coastal plume and the marine source were included. The system behavior was analyzed for the average annual and seazonal conditions (dry and rainy). At all conditions, the system fell into the category of a partially mixed estuary. The two indices of the trophic state indicated the internal estuarine system as being moderate nourished (mesotrophic to eutrophic) during the rainy season. This condition was due to the increase contribution of continental runoff (runoff), naturally intensified in this period. The indexes for the external estuarine compartment (i.e. the river plume) was mesotrophic.. For the annual cycle the system was classified as potentially eutrophic. The ASSETS model indicated that the system shows moderate susceptibility to eutrophication. The mass balance showed that the internal estuary trends to work as a source for nutrients. The only exception was for DIN, during the dry period, behaving as a sink. All methods presented congruent results. Both Trophic State indeces had similar responses, the ASSETS model indicated moderate susceptibility to eutrophication due to the in general strong water flow and dilution potential of the estuarine waters, and the LOICZ model described in details the mass balance and indicated a very slight trend to heterotrophic metabolism
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Vigliassi, Marcos Paulo. "Algoritmo evolutivo multiobjetivo em tabelas e matriz HΔ para projeto de sistemas de medição para estimação de estado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-19052017-154501/.
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O problema de projeto de sistemas de medição, para efeito de Estimação de Estado em Sistemas Elétricos de Potência, é um problema de otimização multiobjetivo, combinatório, que exige a investigação de um grande número de possíveis soluções. Dessa forma, metaheurísticas vêm sendo empregadas para sua solução. Entretanto, a maioria delas trata o problema de forma mono-objetivo e as poucas que consideram uma formulação multiobjetivo, não contemplam todos os requisitos de desempenho que devem ser atendidos para obtenção de um Sistema de Medição Confiável (SMC) (observabilidade e ausência de Medidas Críticas, Conjuntos Críticos de Medidas, Unidades Terminais Remotas Críticas e Unidades de Medição Fasoriais Críticas). Propõe-se, nesta tese, uma formulação multiobjetivo para o problema de projeto de sistemas de medição de uma forma mais ampla, considerando todas requisitos de desempenho que devem ser atendidos para obtenção de um SMC. Propõe-se, ainda, o desenvolvimento e implantação, em computador, de um método para tratamento desse problema, considerando o trade-off entre os requisitos de desempenho e o custo, fazendo uso do conceito de Fronteira de Pareto. O método possibilita, em uma única execução, a obtenção de quatro tipos de sistemas de medição, a partir da análise de soluções não dominadas. O método permite o projeto de sistemas de medição novos e o aprimoramento de sistemas de medição já existentes, considerando a existência apenas de medidas convencionais SCADA, apenas de Medidas Fasoriais Sincronizadas ou a existência dos dois tipos de medidas. O método proposto faz uso de um Algoritmo Evolutivo Multiobjetivo e do procedimento de obtenção e análise da matriz HΔ. Esse procedimento permite a realização de uma Busca Local, minimizando o custo para atendimento de cada um dos requisitos de desempenho mencionados acima. Simulações são realizadas utilizando dados dos sistemas de 6, 14, 30, 118 e 300 barras do IEEE, bem como do sistema de 61 barras da Eletropaulo, de forma a ilustrar, testar e validar o método proposto. Alguns dos resultados dessas simulações são comparados com resultados obtidos por outros métodos encontrados na literatura.Metering system planning for power system state estimation is a multi-objective, combinatorial optimization problem that may require the investigation of many possible solutions. As a consequence, meta-heuristics have been employed to solve the problem. However in the majority of them the multi-objective problem is converted in a mono-objective problem and those few considering a multi-objective formulation do not consider all the performance requirements that must be attended in order to obtain a Reliable Metering System (RMS) (system observability and absence of Critical Measurements, Critical Sets, Critical Remote Terminal Units and Critical Phasor Measurement Units). This thesis proposes a multi-objective formulation for the metering system planning problem in a wide way, that is, considering all the performance requirements that must be attended to obtain a RMS. This thesis also proposes the development and implementation, in computer, of a method to solve the metering system planning problem, considering the trade-off between the two conflicting objectives of the problem (minimizing cost while maximizing the performance requirements) making use of the concept of Pareto Frontier. The method allows, in only one execution, the project of four types of metering systems, from the analysis of non-dominated solutions. The method enable the design of new metering systems as well as the improvement of existing ones, considering the existence of only conventional SCADA measurements, or only synchronized phasor measurements or the existence of both types of measurements. The proposed method combines a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on subpopulation tables with the properties of the so-called HΔ matrix. The subpopulations tables adequately model several metering system performance requirements enabling a better exploration of the solution space. On the other hand, the properties of the HΔ matrix enable a local search that improves the evolutionary process and minimizes the computational effort. Simulations results with IEEE 6, 14, 30, 118 and 300-bus test systems and with a 61-bus system of Eletropaulo illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Some of the results of these simulations will be compared with those published in literature.
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Gurcay, Melih. "Human Interventions On Wetlands And Their Long Term Impacts On Human Well-being A Study Of Kizilirmak Delta Case, Samsun, Turkey." Thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611408/index.pdf.
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Acknowledging the necessity of a detailed understanding of the dynamics and contributions of wetlands in decision making processes, this research aims to identify the trade-offs between human interventions and human well-being in wetlands. Being one of the thirteen Ramsar Sites of Turkey and providing various ecosystem functions, Kizilirmak Delta was determined as the case study area of the research. Following the literature review on wetlands and their valuation, an assessment framework was developed for analyzing the trade-offs in the Kizilirmak Delta. Following this framework, first the importance, values and functions of the delta were defined by evaluation of its ecological, socio-cultural and economic structures and function analysis. Then, the pressures on the delta and their impacts were analyzed through DPSIR (Driving forces, Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses) Framework by action analysis. Finally, the trade-offs in the delta were calculated in monetary terms through valuation of the functions of the delta. Because of time and data constraints only a small portion of the functions of the delta was quantified in monetary terms. Calculated functions of the delta provide 753.531.772 TL worth of services that constitutes the 34 % of total GDP of the delta. This value was accepted as the cost of trade-offs in the delta, because the pressures on the delta would result in the loss of this value.
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Cardoso, Patrícia Moreira. "Conflitos socioambientais em áreas protegidas : interesses e estratégias nas disputas pela legitimidade na redefinição do Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí-RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10801.
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O crescimento vertiginoso das áreas metropolitanas tem ocasionado o surgimento de assentamentos humanos periféricos em zonas ribeirinhas, de encostas ou de relevância ambiental. Paralelamente, os órgãos ambientais geridos pelo Estado têm empregado políticas homogêneas de gestão das Unidades de Conservação, resultando em conflitos. Este trabalho pretende analisar as relações de interesse, poder e disputa na construção da legitimidade entre os mediadores de órgãos estatais e representantes da sociedade civil no processo de implantação do Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Porto Alegre/RS. Nesse contexto, onde os conflitos socioambientais emergem cada vez mais como problemas sociais, identificam-se as seguintes relações e disputas: a) agentes do campo técnico-científico x agentes do campo político; b) ações de preservação x ações de conservação ambiental; e c) alianças estratégicas e tácitas que distribuíram-se diferenciadamente no decorrer do processo, conforme a representação dos agentes envolvidos perante as propostas apresentadas para a implantação dessa Unidade de Conservação. Isso ocorreu, principalmente, entre ONGs ambientalistas, instituições religiosas, representantes de órgãos estatais e representantes das comunidades envolvidas. Utilizando como ferramenta a abordagem construcionista (HANNIGAN, 1996), identifica-se que o processo de implantação do Parque, ao longo de quase 30 anos, institucionalizou uma arena de polarização interna entre agentes com capitais desiguais que utilizam, de forma estratégica, recursos argumentativos e simbólicos para se legitimarem perante o processo decisório de implantação dessa Unidade de Conservação. Portanto, o que faz com que esses agentes conflitem entre si, são os seus diversos interesses (econômico, político, social, científico) que estão por trás das distintas propostas de zoneamento do Parque Estadual do Delta do Jacuí-RS.The vertiginous growth of metropolitan areas has caused peripheral human settlements within river basin, slopes or any zone with an environmental relevance. At the same time, the environmental organizations, which have been administrated by the State, have employed homogeneous policies for managing the Conservations Units, having as results several conflicts. This work attempts to analyze the relationships in terms of interests, power and dispute in the construction of legitimacy among mediators from state organisms and representatives from civil society during the implantation process of the “Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí” [Jacui Delta State Park], Porto Alegre/RS. Within this context, in which social-environmental conflicts come up even more as social problems, it has been identified the following disputes: a) agents who act on a technical and scientific field x agents who act on a politic field, b) actions for preserving x actions for conserving environment; and c) strategic and tacit alliances that have been distributed differentially throughout the process, according to the representation of the involved agents, in presence of proposes which have been presented for the implantation of this Conservation Unit. This occurred, mainly, among environmentalist NGOs, religious institutions, representatives of state agencies and involved communities. Using the constructionist approach (HANNIGAN, 1996) as an analyzing instrument, it has been identified that the implantation process of the “Parque”, for almost 30 years, has institutionalized an arena for internal polarization among agents with unequal capitals, who use, in an strategic way, argumentative and symbolic resources for legitimate themselves, in presence of the deciding process for implanting this Conservation Unit. Therefore, what cause agents to confront themselves are their different interests (economic, politic, social, technical and scientific) that are behind of the different proposes for rezoning the “Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí-RS”
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Longo, Lorenzo L. Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "Multi-stage sigma delta modulators." Ottawa, 1988.
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Audemard-Verger, Alexandra. "Caractérisation des lymphocytes T résidents des organes lymphoïdes secondaires à l’état basal." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB260/document.
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Une résidence à long terme de lymphocytes T (LTs) au sein de la plupart des tissus non lymphoïdes a été récemment décrite, notamment à la suite d’infections. Ces cellules confèreraient à l’hôte une meilleure protection en cas de réinfection. À l'aide de deux approches expérimentales différentes, l'injection d'anticorps bloquant l’entrée des LTs dans les ganglions lymphatiques (LNs) et la génération de parabioses par chirurgie, nous avons pu mettre en évidence, à l’état basal, la résidence d’une proportion significative des LTs αβ mémoires CD4+, des LTs αβ régulateurs CD4+ et d’une sous-population des LTs γδ dans les organes lymphoïdes secondaires. Les LTs CD4+ régulateurs et mémoires résidents ont en commun de nombreuses caractéristiques phénotypiques et fonctionnelles, et partagent avec leurs homologues issus de tissus non lymphoïdes une signature transcriptionnelle commune de résidence. Les LTs γδ résidents, quant à eux, arborent des caractéristiques phénotypiques et fonctionnelles proches de celles des cellules du système immunitaire inné. Si le microbiote semble jouer un rôle important dans la résidence des LTs αβ CD4+ des plaques de Peyer (PPs), son rôle ne semble pas être prépondérant dans la résidence de ces cellules au sein des LNs. Comme dans de nombreux tissus non lymphoïdes, la sous-expression de S1PR1 pourrait en partie expliquer la résidence des LTs αβ CD4+. Par contre, les LTs γδ seraient, eux, retenus dans les tissus lymphoïdes de par des interactions étroites avec les macrophages. Enfin, la résidence des LTs αβ augmente avec l'âge au point que la majorité des LTs CD4+ régulateurs et mémoires des LNs et des PPs sont en fait résidents chez des souris âgées. Nos résultats montrent que la résidence des cellules T n'est pas seulement une caractéristique des tissus non lymphoïdes mais qu’elle peut être étendue aux organes lymphoïdes secondaires. Le rôle respectif de ces différentes populations de LTs devra être exploréIn the last decade, numerous data have demonstrated the existence of T cells residing in non-lymphoid tissues, mostly after infectious diseases. These resident memory T cells may represent a first line of defense against pathogens at front-line sites of microbial exposure upon reinfection. Using two different experimental approaches such as the injection of integrin-neutralizing antibodies that inhibits the entry of circulating lymphocytes into lymph nodes and long-term parabiosis experiments, we have highlighted the long-term residence of a substantial proportion of regulatory and memory CD4 αβ T cells and γδ T cells within the secondary lymphoid organs of specific pathogen free mice. Resident γδ T cells display innate-like characteristics. Lymph node-resident regulatory and memory CD4 αβ T cells share many phenotypic and functional characteristics, including a core transcriptional profile, with their cell-counterparts from non-lymphoid tissues. Microbiota plays an important role in αβ T-cell residence in Peyer’s patches but only a small one if any in lymph nodes. Like in many non-lymphoid tissues, S1PR1 down-regulation may account forαβ T-cell residency within secondary lymphoid organs although other mechanisms may account for this especially in the case of lymph node memory CD4 T cells. Specific in vivo cell-depletion strategies have allowed us to demonstrate that macrophages are the main actors involved in the long-term retention of γδ T cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Strikingly, T-cell residence increases with age to the point that the majority of regulatory and memory CD4 αβ T cells from LNs and Peyer’s patches are in fact resident T cells in old mice. Altogether, our results show that T-cell residence is not only a hallmark of non-lymphoid tissues but can be extended to secondary lymphoid organs
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Michelle), Greene Chana M. (Chana. "Search for pre-existing Delta states at BLAST from ²H(e,e'[Delta]⁺⁺." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36317.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 25).
At the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center a comprehensive study of low-Q2 spin-dependent electron scattering from deuterium has been carried out using the Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST). This experiment has employed an 850 MeV polarized electron beam from the MIT-Bates linear accelerator incident on an internal polarized deuterium target and the BLAST detector. Deuterium's simple composition is an important factor in understanding the structure of the inter-nucleon potential. The pion production region has a resonant structure and is a promising location to search for pre-existing delta particles in deuterium. While, theoretical calculations predict that delta resonant states account for anywhere from 0.25 to 3.60% of the nuclear wave function, more realistic predictions for deuterium range from 0.3 to 1.0%. This thesis presents the determination of the (e,e'++) event rate from deuterium, the first of many steps towards a complete study of delta resonant states.
y Chana M. Greene.
S.B.
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Vandi, Silvia. "Smart home: Stato dell'arte della tecnologia." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8457/.
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Nella tesi vengono analizzati i diversi aspetti della domotica. Uno sguardo sulla storia, sulle caratteristiche sia funzionali che strutturali. Viene analizzato l'impatto che questa ha sull'uomo e sul suo stile di vita. Vengono messe a confronto Google ed Apple, nello specifico per quel che riguarda la loro risposta alla smart home: Nest ed HomeKit, sia a livello funzionale che di codice. In seguito all'analisi di API e documentazioni è emerso che entrambe le aziende offrono pressoché le medesime funzionalità, ma con piccole particolarità che fanno la differenza, dando inizio così ad una battaglia per il primato.
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Eguavoen, Egbe Osaretin. "Modelling land cover change in Edo and Delta states, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30417.
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The land surrounding Edo and Delta states is continuously changing, requiring satellite images and extensive field assessment to monitor and manage. This information is significant in mapping and identifying the temporal and spatial patterns of land use and land cover change, especially with the ongoing conflict regarding oil activities and illegal logging. This study employed the use of Landsat TM and ETM to assess the changes in the land using post-classification comparison change detection technique. Detailed 'from-to' statistical information was generated and put into the model. The combination of the application of remote sensing, modelling and field work, assisted in achieving the objectives of the study, which includes the identification of the key driving forces of land use and land cover change into Edo and Delta states. The post classification of the image showed that 53% of the total area underwent some changes. Results indicate that the forests are being lost at an alarming rate of 3.7% due to a number of socio-economic and political factors driving these changes. The model projections tested various scenarios of land cover change. These models also analysed the relationship between population and land use and land cover changes (agricultural land to be exact).
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Balboni, Marco. "Equazioni di stato della materia in astrofisica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18485/.
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Le equazioni di stato (EdS) descrivono un sistema fisico mettendo in relazione le sue quantità termodinamiche, come pressione, energia, densità, entropia, calore, ecc..., e sono legate sia alla fisica fondamentale, sia alle scienze applicate. Importanti branche della fsica si sono sviluppate dalle equazioni di stato e, viceversa, formulazioni più complesse delle EdS sono dovute agli sviluppi della fsica moderna.
Allo stesso modo in cui la Meccanica Newtoniana può essere vista come il fondamento della fisica, le EdS possono essere viste come il fondamento della Termodinamica, dell'Idrodinamica e della Fluidodinamica. Inoltre, come la meccanica si è estesa per comprendere la relatività e la quantizzazione, le EdS sono state ulteriormente sviluppate, per descrivere gli stati della materia in condizioni di estrema densità o temperatura.
In astrofisica, ad esempio, si osservano oggetti in condizioni di pressione e temperatura molto più estreme di quelli ottenibili in laboratorio. Questi sistemi astrofsici sono campi di ricerca importanti per gli studi più vari.
In questa trattazione verranno illustrate le principali funzioni ed equazioni di stato della materia, accennando al "Metodo di Boltzmann" per ricavarle, e vedendo, nella seconda parte, alcune loro applicazioni astrofisiche.
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Di, Bari Giovanni. "Equazioni di stato della materia in astrofisica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20033/.
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In questo elaborato verranno introdotte le equazioni di stato con il formalismo della meccanica statistica.
Verrà successivamente mostrato come queste equazioni possano essere applicate allo studio di sistemi stellari, e le varie forme che esse assumono in astrofisica, al variare dello stato della materia che si sta descrivendo (degenere o non, relativistico, ...).
L'equazione di stato rappresenta una delle sette equazioni fondamentali necessarie alla descrizione degli interni stellari. Per poter studiare una struttura stellare tipicamente è necessario considerare tutte queste equazioni, ma esistono modelli particolari, chiamati politropici, in cui è possibile considerare meno equazioni. Vedremo cosa si intende per "modello politropico" e come sia possibile ricavare alcune proprietà della stella nell'ambito di questo modello.
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Verduci, Domenica. "Equazioni di stato della materia in astrofisica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21200/.
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L'obiettivo del presente elaborato è quello di illustrare le equazioni di stato della materia, in particolare inserendole in un contesto astrofisico. Dopo una breve introduzione di carattere storico-scientifico, si procede con la presentazione delle principali funzioni ed equazioni di stato della meccanica statistica. In seguito, si enunciano le maggiori differenze fra sistemi degeneri e non degeneri e le rispettive statistiche da cui sono governati. Nella successiva sezione, si prosegue addentrandosi nell'ambito più specificatamente astrofisico in cui la trattazione si inserisce, con preciso riferimento al mondo delle stelle, interpretabili come sistemi in cui la materia si comporta come un gas perfetto o degenere. Per concludere, vengono riportati alcuni esempi di applicazione delle formule presentate nei paragrafi precedenti, facendo riferimento anche a semplici esercizi, con l'intento di giungere ad importanti conclusioni astrofisiche.
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Ponte, Andrea. "Supercapacitors: stato della tecnologia e sue applicazioni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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Review approfondita dello stato dell'arte del supercapacitor e delle sue applicazioni. In particolare a cosa serve, com'è fatto, il principio di funzionamento, le diverse tipologie esistenti, il modello matematico che ne descrive il comportamento, i parametri fondamentali, i materiali costruttivi che lo costituiscono, le applicazioni attuali e sperimentali, conclusioni e possibili scenari futuri.
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Mollica, Davide. "Equazioni di stato della materia in astrofisica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6562/.
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Una stella non è un sistema in "vero" equilibrio termodinamico: perde costantemente energia, non ha una composizione chimica costante nel tempo e non ha nemmeno una temperatura uniforme. Ma, in realtà, i processi atomici e sub-atomici avvengono in tempi così brevi, rispetto ai tempi caratteristici dell'evoluzione stellare, da potersi considerare sempre in equilibrio. Le reazioni termonucleari, invece, avvengono su tempi scala molto lunghi, confrontabili persino con i tempi di evoluzione stellare. Inoltre il gradiente di temperatura è dell'ordine di 1e-4 K/cm e il libero cammino medio di un fotone è circa di 1 cm, il che ci permette di assumere che ogni strato della stella sia uno strato adiabatico a temperatura uniforme.
Di conseguenza lo stato della materia negli interni stellari è in una condizione di ``quasi'' equilibrio termodinamico, cosa che ci permette di descrivere la materia attraverso le leggi della Meccanica Statistica. In particolare lo stato dei fotoni è descritto dalla Statistica di Bose-Einstein, la quale conduce alla Legge di Planck; lo stato del gas di ioni ed elettroni non degeneri è descritto dalla Statistica di Maxwell-Boltzmann; e, nel caso di degenerazione, lo stato degli elettroni è descritto dalla Statistica di Fermi-Dirac.
Nella forma più generale, l'equazione di stato dipende dalla somma dei contributi appena citati (radiazione, gas e degenerazione). Vedremo prima questi contributi singolarmente, e dopo li confronteremo tra loro, ottenendo delle relazioni che permettono di determinare quale legge descrive lo stato fisico di un plasma stellare, semplicemente conoscendone temperatura e densità. Rappresentando queste condizioni su un piano $\log \rho \-- \log T$ possiamo descrivere lo stato del nucleo stellare come un punto, e vedere in che stato è la materia al suo interno, a seconda della zona del piano in cui ricade. È anche possibile seguire tutta l'evoluzione della stella tracciando una linea che mostra come cambia lo stato della materia nucleare nelle diverse fasi evolutive.
Infine vedremo come leggi quantistiche che operano su scala atomica e sub-atomica siano in grado di influenzare l'evoluzione di sistemi enormi come quelli stellari: infatti la degenerazione elettronica conduce ad una massa limite per oggetti completamente degeneri (in particolare per le nane bianche) detta Massa di Chandrasekhar.