Dissertations / Theses: 'Demand (Economics)'

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Jo, Tae-Hee Lee Frederic S. "Microfoundations of effective demand." Diss., UMK access, 2007.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Economics. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007.
"A dissertation in economics and social science consortium." Advisor: Frederic S. Lee. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed July 30, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-220). Online version of the print edition.

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Georgoutsos, D. "Essays in applied factor demand theory." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235460.

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Caserta, Kimberly. "Luxury Good Demand." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/572.

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Thesis advisor: Robert Murphy
Luxury Good Consumer Trends and Advertising Spending Outcomes on the Economy This paper will explore how consumer trends in luxury goods affect the overall economy of the United States and vice versa. In economics, a luxury good is a good for which demand increases more than proportionally as income rises. Luxury goods are said to have high income elasticity of demand. In other words, as people become wealthier, they will buy more and more of the luxury good. Luxury goods are highly sensitive to economic upturns and downturns; therefore, the state of the economy will often shape consumer spending on luxury goods. However, consumer trends often fuel the economy as well. The demand for luxury goods creates jobs in manufacturing, advertising, event planning and many other areas of specialty that can contribute to a rise in GDP. An increase in exports due to a demand for American luxury goods would have a similar effect. The goal will be to discover any patterns in the data and perhaps to formulate an economic model that will expose the relationship between consumer trends in luxury goods and their effect on the economy
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
Discipline: College Honors Program

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Vashi, Vidyut H. "The effect of price, advertising, and income on consumer demand : an almost ideal demand system investigation /." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-165751/.

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Bowbrick, Peter. "A critique of Lancaster's approach to the economics of quality : an agricultural economics approach." Thesis, Brunel University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239098.

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Ahang, M. (Mohammadreza). "Demand response in electricity market." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201709062808.

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The flexibility of the system depends on the price elasticities. Demand response programs use the price elasticities in order to smooth the load curve and also increases the flexibility as well as the reliability of the system. Nordic regions have international energy exchange market (Nord pool). This market determines the clearing price after receiving the information from supply and demand sides. This study uses system price from Nord pool market and the electricity consumption from Finland to estimate the hourly price elasticities from 2013 to 2016. The project uses the system of simultaneous equations includes demand and supply sides. Two different models have been applied to estimate the price elasticities consist of TSLS and SUR procedures. On the one hand, there is some evidence support that the electricity price can be exogenous variable in the demand equation; on the other hand, the reaction of industries to the price volatilities indicates the endogenous prices. The hourly price elasticities during peak load time differ from off-peak load time. The range of the price elasticities in TSLS model is from −0.001 to −0.027. The size of price elasticities during working hours is larger than the other periods of time, therefore demand response programs would be more successful throughout the peak load time. This result can help policy makers to shift the electricity consumption from peak load time to off-peak load time.

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Gardner, Kerry. "Residential water demand modelling and behavioural economics." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539372.

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Water supply-demand balances are becoming increasingly constrained around the world and in the United Kingdom. Although there has been a policy shift toward demand management policies to address this, demand modefling evidence is limited. This thesis makes qualitative, quantitative and behavioural contributions to this area. Qualitative and quantitative (meta-analytic) literature reviews are conducted. These indicate elasticity estimates are sensitive to methodological choices. Empiricafly it is identified that summer and long-run demand are more price and income responsive than their respective counterparts; lower income groups in developed countries are more price and less income responsive than higher income groups; and geographical demand differences exist. Publication bias tests reject bias, confirming that water is an economic good (price and income exert genuine effects on demand). A behavioural investigation of water consumers' price and consumption perceptions finds that systematic misperceptions of unit prices, consumption and tariff structures exist, regardless of which tariff structure operates. In contrast, bill perceptions are relatively accurate. This motivates a 'bill price' specification in addition to existing (marginal and average) price specifications. Perception inaccuracy is empiricafly tested against a simple explanatory framework of the costs and benefits of information acquisition. Price perceptions, but not consumption perceptions, broadly support this framework. Lastly, the first available price and wealth elasticity estimates for UK households are presented. These are -0.29 for price and +0.16 for wealth. These elasticities are generally smafler in magnitude than mean international price (-0.38) and income (+0.28) elasticities. Average and 'bill price' elasticities are significantly larger at around -0.S7. UK seasonal and income group differences appear to operate in the opposite direction to international trends (summer demand and lower income groups are less price responsive than their counterparts). Long-run UK demand appears more price responsive than the short-run. However, further research is required to develop consistent dynamic demand models in the presence of multiple endogenous variables.

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Schoellner, Teresa Marie. "The effects of credit cards on money demand." Connect to resource, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261242820.

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Leite, Fabricio Pitombo 1980. "Da demanda por moeda a preferencia pela liquidez : uma interpretação pos-keynesiana." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285797.

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Orientador: David Dequech Filho
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T20:11:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leite_FabricioPitombo_M.pdf: 1074190 bytes, checksum: cebbb5895912efdcc4bb8a0b6a39d64f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: A interpretação sugerida no presente estudo evidencia o caráter mais amplo assumido pela teoria da preferência pela liquidez, qual seja, de uma teoria da escolha e precificação de ativos em geral. Para tal, parte-se da explanação acerca dos motivos para demandar moeda, explicitando-se também as conexões entre esses motivos e a incerteza que permeia o ambiente econômico. Na busca pela especificidade da teoria da preferência pela liquidez, isto é, no que esta se diferencia de uma teoria alternativa para a demanda por moeda, discute-se a determinação da taxa de juros em decorrência destes motivos, com destaque para a expressão da moeda como um ativo e para o fato de rendimentos pecuniários serem auferidos por quem se dispõe a abdicar da posse de moeda e reter títulos, tudo isso com a gama de ativos limitada aos dois supracitados. Finalmente, abandonando-se o mundo dicotômico construído a partir da moeda e de um outro ativo e a partir da extensão de um mesmo princípio definidor básico, chega-se à escolha e precificação de ativos em geral, com o que a teoria da preferência pela liquidez adquire sua representação máxima.
Abstract: The interpretation suggested in the present study emphasizes the broad character of liquidity preference theory, namely, as a theory of asset choice and pricing in general. To this end, the thesis starts with the explanation of the motives to demand money, as well as the connections between these motives and the uncertainty that permeates the economic environment. Looking for the peculiarity of liquidity preference theory, as distinct from an alternative theory of demand for money, the thesis discusses the determination of the interest rate as a result of these motives, highlighting the expression of money as an asset and the fact that monetary yields are earned by whoever is willing to part with money and hold securities, all this with the basket of assets restricted to these two. Lastly, the thesis abandons this dichotomic world of money and only one other asset, and, on the basis of the same defining fundamental principle, arrives at asset choice and pricing in general, with the result that liquidity preference theory assumes its most general form.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

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Yi, Ch?ung-y?l. "Money demand in the United States /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487780393267002.

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Lin, Chi-Yuan. "Primary agricultural product demand and economic development /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683049377861.

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Baichen, Jiang. "Rural household food demand : a microeconomic analysis of Jilia Province, China." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391119.

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Kafumba, Charles Raphael Utonga. "Energy demand and economic development in southern Africa : opportunities and constraints." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334052.

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The purpose of this study is to profile and conceptualize the contemporary energy predicaments confounding Southern Africa. We examine the dynamics of the structural interplay between the main attributes of the energy demand function and growth within the analytical framework of the political economy of development as it has evolved over time in Southern Africa. The study thus provides new perspectives on key energy policy issues thereby facilitate a deeper understanding of the real nature and root cause of the now epidemic "energy crises" affecting both 'modern' and 'traditional' fuels. It also seeks to advance the debate on how the African energy policy process can effectively be reoriented so as to foster a sustainable development agenda where issues of the environment, equity and provision of basic needs for human survival are placed at the centre stage of development. We argue that the on-going "energy-crises" in Southern Africa constitutes a complex development management dilemma ingrained in its structural state of underdevelopment whose genesis lies in the manner in which it was colonized the process by which it was simultaneously incorporated and marginalised onto the fringes of the global capitalist economy and the regional economic subsystem of migrant labour centered on RSA. Manifestations of these conditions are mirrored in the now rampant 'African Crises' of accumulation whose components have variably included: sharp rise in imported fuel costs; poor TOT; foreign exchange liquidity squeeze; mounting foreign debt; population explosion; unbridled urbanization; land-use conflicts; and deforestation. The immensi ty of the energy challenge posed by these structural condi tions has been heightened and made more apparent by the effects of (i) oil price criSis; (ii) onslaught of RSA's "Total strategy" for the destabilisation of the SADCC region and (iii) reliance on inappropriate imitative development policies promulgated on the now discredited modernization paradigm. We contend that the modernization paradigm, upon which conventional energy analysis and policy hypotheses are currently propagated, cannot be relied upon in matters relating to Africa's energy analysis no less than in general economic development. The intellectual poverty of this dominant paradigm lies in its failure to adequately incorporate the African energy question by way of offering definitive hypotheses to expedite the articulation and in depth understanding of the nature of the energy problem let alone assist in its better management. In spite of evidence which supports a robust positive correlation between energy use and growth, there still lacks an unambiguous statistical base with which to support claims of a 'rock-steady' unidirectional causality linkage from GOP to energy. We demonstrate that GOP is not the sole determinant of energy demand and that the energy-GOP interplay is a two-way process. In addition to measurement and conceptual problems affecting conventional planning tools,its derived hypotheses are founded on modern fuels which account for only 10-30% of national balances of the majority of SADCC states. The danger with this partial analysis is that it presents a highly fragmented and misleading picture of the African energy system. Indeed, when traditional fuels are brought into the reckoning the majority of the available conventional hypotheses crumble. Moreover, such a partial analysis exposes energy policies to the risk of missing out important synergistic effects such as fuel-mix, inter-fuel substitution and other demand attributes thereby rendering any polices dangerously unsound and unsafe. Thus, reliance on these hypotheses has contributed to the misplacement of the policy process by nurturing unwarranted misconceptions about the nature of the energy problem facing Africa and thus the definition of key issues requiring attention. We conclude that the southern African region has undergone a particular development process which has bestowed its energy system with unique sets of demand and supply attributes. These differ from those of the West and thus profoundly alter the aim of energy analysis and policy objectives. Because energy is not an energy management issue, but a development management problem, lasting solutions must be sought from within the development purview. We underscore the theme that because energy-GDP interplay is a two-way process coupled with the fact that development and underdevelopment are two sides of the same coin , the energy issue cannot be quarantined from the wider recalcitrant of Africa's 'crises of development'. Thus, it is not possible to comprehend let alone seek solutions to such deeprooted and intertwined development dilemmas without a systems analysis of the political economy of development as it has evolved over time. We contend that it is this structural focus that has been a major missing component in past energy policy debates which the present thesis attempts to plug. In addition to informing planners and decision makers of new developments af~ecti~g the~r energy ~y~tems, the planning process must inter ~ aam . at determ~n~ng the extent of socio-economic transformat~ons necessary to improve the security of energy supplies, .living standards of the population at large, bridge technologlcal gaps and minimize environmental damage of energy development.

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LI, HUIQING. "ESSAYS ON MONETARY ECONOMICS." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/715.

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This dissertation is a collection of three chapters on inflation dynamics and money demands. Chapter 1 tests the forward-looking New Keynesian Phillips curve using a novel panel data set for the 50 U.S. states from year 1977 to 2005. Consistent with Gali and Gertler (1999), our results support a linkage between inflation and real unit labor cost, and reject a linkage between inflation and output gap. We also address several important econometrics issues in the empricial studies. Our tests on model identification and instruments validity reveal that compared with the model with real unit labor cost, the GMM estimators in the model with output gap are more sensitive to the choice of instruments. Also, we find that the unit labor cost has stronger persistence than the output gap, and that these two variables have almost opposite dynamic cross correlations with inflation. We conclude that the observed high autocorrelation properties of U.S. inflation-as measured by the sum of AR coefficients-is well described by the forward-looking New Keynesian Phillips curve. In the second chapter, we extend the pure forward-looking New Keynesian Phillips curve to a hybrid model. We adopt a dynamic panel data model by adding a lagged inflation variable to the explanatory variables. We find relative larger weights of future inflation than the lagged inflation. This finding confirms the forward looking behavior in theory and it is also consistent with our results from the pure forward-looking model estimation. Furthermore, we obtain more evidence of dominant forward-looking behavior by using the principal components based instruments. Our results show that principal components based methods produce more precise estimates with a substantial decrease in all three estimated standard errors. We obtain more evidence of dominant forward-looking behavior across all regressions. By comparing two groups of the Kleibergen-Paap Wald F rk statistic (KP statistic), we find that using principal components is a good option to overcome the weak identifications. This finding is consistent with Bai and Ng (2010) and Kapetanios and Marcellino (2010). However, contrast with our earlier findings, in the hybrid model, the identification of the parameter of the real marginal cost becomes a problem. The third chapter investigates the long-run money demand using a panel data set for the 50 U.S. states from year 1977 to 2005. Regional heterogeneity as well as the cointegration and cross-section correlation properties of panel data are considered in great detail. Contrary to previous studies in the field, we adopt panel data techniques with nonstationary and cointegrated variables which controls for dynamics, non-stationarity, parameter heterogeneity and unobserved time-varying heterogeneity. The empirical results reveal an income elasticity close to 0.7 and an interest semi-elasticity around -0.02 and these two parameter values match closely with the empirical estimates by Ball (2001). Furthermore, it is found that the magnitude of the estimates of error correction term is much less than unity (around 0.05), which suggests that the adjustment time of U.S. money demand to return to its long-run equilibrium may be rather long. Compared to a standard homogeneous panel model of money demand function, our results obtained from heterogeneous panel model estimation indicate that the heterogeneity across states is important. It shows that the observed instability of money demand functions in aggregate U.S. studies could be explained by inappropriate aggregation across heterogeneous states. After accounting for regional heterogeneity, the estimates of income elasticity for the U.S. money demand function are clearly less than one.

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Ngai, Christopher. "Estimating the demand structure of housing characteristics: a nonparametric approach." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1342186655.

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Miller, Benjamin Israel. "Estimating the Firm’s Demand for Human Resource Management Practices." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/34.

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This dissertation investigates two related aspects of firms’ choice of HRM practices. The first is why some firms expend a great deal of resources on HRM practices for each employee while others spend very little; the second is the extent to which firms’ bundles of HRM practices sort into general discrete employment systems. In order to empirically address these issues, this dissertation uses an economics-based theoretical approach. The key theoretical link to economics is to treat HRM as a separate factor input in the production process, which allows me to derive an HRM input demand function. This function expresses the firm’s per employee expenditures on HRM and their choice of HRM system as a function of prices and internal and external firm characteristics. Ordinary least squares, two-stage least squares and linear quantile analysis are used to empirically estimate the HRM demand function using a unique dataset of several hundred firms collected by the Bureau of National Affairs (BNA). The regression equation is found to be statistically significant, implying firms do have an identifiable demand for HRM practices. Second, there are nine independent variables which are found to be stable determinants of the demand for per employee expenditures on HRM practices. Regarding the existence of discrete employment systems, cluster analysis is used to determine if the sets of HRM practices adopted by these firms sort into identifiable types of HRM systems. The results show that there is a discrete set of four HRM systems; however, the HRM demand function does not predict which system a firm will choose.

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Gemech, Firdawek Lemma. "Demand for money and the conduct of monetary policy in developing countries." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311460.

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Galindo-Paliza, Luis Miguel Alejandro. "The demand for money, interest rates and the exchange rate in Mexico." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241548.

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Rodrik-Bali, G. "Money demand and money multiplier components in the United Kingdom : 1871-1969." Thesis, City University London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374281.

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Furuya, Jun. "Econometric analysis of Japanese beef supply and demand /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9999284.

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Stern, Liliana V. "Money demand, structural drift, and equity returns." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3215191.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Economics, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-04, Section: A, page: 1454. Adviser: Eric M. Leeper. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 14, 2007)."

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Steinberg, Mary BM. "On the Demand for Education in India." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467486.

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In this dissertation I examine the impacts of market forces and government programs on households' demand for human capital in India. The first chapter examines the impact of ITES Centers on school enrollment using administrative enrollment data from three states in India, and finds that when these centers open, enrollment in primary school increases significantly. The effects are very localized, and using supplementary survey evidence we argue that this is driven by limited information diffusion. The second chapter introduces a simple model of human capital production which predicts that wages can negatively impact human capital under reasonable assumptions. Using data on test scores and schooling from rural India, we show that human capital investment is procyclical in early life (in utero to age 3) but then becomes countercyclical. We argue that, consistent with our model, this countercyclical effect is caused by families investing more time in schooling when outside options are worse. The final chapter applies the findings from this study to understand how workfare programs (a common anti-poverty strategy in the developing world) can impact school enrollment through their effects on wages. We examine the effect of the largest anti-poverty workfare program in world: NREGA in India. Using a fixed effects estimator, I show that the introduction of NREGA caused increases in child employment, and decreases in school enrollment, particularly among children ages 13-17.
Economics

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Chun, Sun Eae. "A study of long run divisia money demand." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1279738365.

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Allen, Christopher Bellett. "Supply-side economics : structural econometric modelling of producer pricing and factor demand decisions." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339000.

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Brenton, P. A. "An application of consumer demand theory to the modelling of bilateral trade flows." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376078.

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Ansic, David. "Theory and tests of two asset models of the individual's demand for money." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306412.

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Abdul-Rahman, Mohd Fahzy. "The demand for physical activity an application of Grossman's health demand model to the elderly population /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1199127215.

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Chou, Nan-Ting. "The demand for Divisia money /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272458126.

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Saengchan, Jerarak. "The demand for petroleum products: industrial sector in Thailand." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1987. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2181.

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The demand for petroleum product has been increasing rapidly in the industrial and transportation sectors in Thailand. This is due to economic growth and the increasing population. There is a need for more information to address the problem created by the increased demand for petroleum resources. The purpose of this thesis is to describe and examine the demand for petroleum product for the industrial and transportation sectors in Thailand. Demand is expressed as a function of price and the level of economic activities. Time-series data for Thailand will be used to estimate the parameters of a specified demand function for the period 1971-1981. The empirical results are consistent with the predictions of economic theory. More specifically, a positive relationship was found between quantities of each petroleum product used and the level of economic growth. We also found negative relationship between price and quantities of each petroleum used. Estimates of elasticities showed that prices are inelastic with respect to quantities demanded of gasoline, diesel and fuel oil. This indicates that gasoline, diesel and fuel oil are critical inputs in the industrial and transportation sectors.

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Bellemore, Fred Anthony. "Factors affecting the supply and demand for nursing services." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12878.

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Kasekende, Elizabeth. "Financial innovation and money demand in sub-Saharan Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23414.

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Financial innovations are considered important factors in the development of the financial sector and economic growth. Following the 2007/2008 financial crisis, their effects, both positive and negative, have become an issue of considerable debate, especially in industrialised countries. While a number of empirical studies on the effects of financial innovation have been undertaken for industrialised countries, few developing country studies exist. This is surprising, given the remarkable growth of financial innovation in some developing economies. In particular, mobile money (M-PESA), a technology first developed in Kenya that enables individuals to transfer, deposit and save money using cell phone technology without necessarily having a bank account, has quickly spread to several developing countries and is expected to continue to expand. This thesis contributes to the limited literature by undertaking a panel study of the effect of financial innovation on money demand in Sub-Saharan Africa as well as a case study of the home of mobile money, Kenya. A third study considers how mobile money has influenced household consumption behaviour using data from Uganda. In chapter two, the effect of financial innovation on money demand in Sub-Saharan Africa is investigated in 34 countries for the period 1980 to 2013 using dynamic panel data estimation techniques. Money demand is found to be relatively stable in the region with financial innovation significant with a negative sign. While the coefficients on the other relevant variables are significant with expected signs, the size of the coefficients change with the inclusion of financial innovation. This suggests that exclusion of financial innovation may have led to biased or misleading estimates of the money demand equation in previous studies, and that financial innovation plays a significant role in explaining money demand in Sub-Saharan Africa. Given the potential importance of this form of financial innovation, a case study of the impact of mobile money on money demand in Kenya is undertaken in chapter three. Using time series analysis on a quarterly basis for the period 2000–2014, the results suggest a positive relationship between mobile money and money demand. The Kenyan demand for money is found to be stable when mobile money is taken into consideration. These results are robust even with the use of alternative measures of mobile money and imply that this particular financial innovation has important implications for the effectiveness of monetary policy in Kenya and possibly in other similar countries. While mobile money has been found to have important macroeconomic effects, there is little research on how it affects the real economy. Chapter four investigates the way this type of financial innovation can alter household behaviour, particularly household consumption patterns. Since data was not available for Kenya, Uganda was used as a case study. It is one of the countries that has been successful in mobile money usage since its introduction in 2009. The Financial Inclusion Tracker Surveys (FITS) household level survey conducted in 2012 also provides valuable data. Using ordinary least squares and seemingly unrelated regression estimation techniques, the results suggest that mobile money users spend less on food, a necessity, and more on luxury goods, than non-users. In addition, mobile money users are more likely to receive more remittances, and as a result, they are able to spend more efficiently on particular commodities than non-users. This suggests that mobile money could potentially improve individuals' livelihoods. Finally, chapter five concludes with a discussion of the summary of the findings from the thesis, the policy implications, and the suggestions for future research.

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Lazaro, Edith E. "An Empirical Analysis of Rice Demand in Tanzania." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417794337.

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Stec, Jeffery A. "Money demand and the moderate quantity theory of money : an empirical investigation." Connect to resource, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261310212.

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Zhou, Jian-an. "Econometric analysis of manufacturing demand for energy in four Asian developing countries." Connect to resource, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1250184734.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1993.
Includes vita. Last page of prefatory pagination incorrectly numbered as ixv. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 332-342). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

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Sjöström, Magnus. "Factor Demand and Market Power." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-279.

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The objective of Paper [I] is to analyze potential effects on the Swedish forest sector of a continuing rise in the use of forest resources as fuel in energy generation. An increasing use of forest resources as an energy input may have effects outside the energy sector. In this paper we consider this by estimating a system of demand and supply equations for the four main actors on the Swedish roundwood market. In Paper [II], we estimate a dynamic factor demand model for the Swedish pulp industry. We find weak evidence of adjustment costs for capital. The results suggest that the user cost of capital is a significant determinant of pulp industry investments. We also find that pulp industry investments are insensitive to variations in the price of electricity. Paper [III] proposes a flexible form of adjustment cost function. An empirical illustration shows that the flexible form can detect both convex and non-convex adjustment costs. Furthermore, the flexible form permits testing for the experience effect on adjustment cost. The objective of paper [IV] is to analyze the price formation for wood fuel used by the Swedish district heating sector. According to previous research there is a significant potential for increasing the use of wood fuel in Sweden. The question raised in this paper is why this potential is not realized. According to our results we cannot reject the efficient market hypothesis for all years. The objective of Paper [V] is to test for market power on the market for biofuels. To achieve our objective we make use of the idea of Granger causality. If past values of quantity contribute significantly to the determination of price, quantity is said to Granger cause price, which we will treat as a sign of market power. According to our findings this effect is present.

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Al-Hajeri, Sharifa. "The econometrics of demand systems with special reference to commodity group data for Bahrain." Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26515/.

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The mam objective of this study is to estimate the demand relationships among commodity groups using Bahrain quarterly time series data for the period 1979- 98. Three main demand systems are presented and estimated, namely the Linear Expenditure Demand System (LES) which was introduced by Kelin-Rubin (1946-47) and developed by Stone (1953-54), the Rotterdam System (RM) which was introduced by Theil (1965) and Barten (1966), and the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) introduced by Deaton and Muellbauer (1980). Also, the variables reflecting the effects of habit on purchases are incorporated into three main demand systems. Model selection procedures are applied to select the best model to reflect the Bahrain data. Based on procedures, the static Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LAVAIDS) is selected among other static demand systems, namely, the linear expenditure demand system and the Rotterdam system models. The selection is based on average information criterion. However the dynamic LAYAIDS is selected over its static counterpart and recommended for the future application for Bahrain data. The selection is based on the likelihood ratio test. Further, the dynamic LAVAIDS satisfies all the restrictions implied by demand theory. All the compensated own price elasticities are negative as expected and the expenditure elasticity classifies the food & beverage, clothing & footwear,housing, and transportation as necessity products, while the other commodity group is classified as luxury products. The second main objective of this study is to test for unit roots and order of comtegration in Bahrain commodity group data. The results indicate that most of the time senes that will be used in estimating the linear AIDS model, such as total real expenditures on various commodity groups, prices, budget shares are shown to be integrated of order one. The application of Johansen and Juselius(1990) Full Maximum Likelihood approach in this study confirm that equilibrium relationships exist between the variables that make-up the LAVAIDS model. Second, the homogeneity of degree zero of price, postulated by consumer theory, is rejected by the data. The argument that time series issues are responsible for this rejection is not always true. The study also focuses on a) Engel Curve and b) income distribution and poverty in Bahrain. The advantage of a cross- section study of the Engel Curve is that consumer demand theory is based on micro-demand data (individual's data). Income elasticities that are estimated from cross-section data are useful in predicting changes in aggregate time series data if the effects of price changes have to be eliminated from time series analyses. Therefore, seven Engel Curves for eight commodity groups are estimated using data from the Bahrain household survey for the period 1994-1995. Studying income distribution and poverty in Bahrain is important. Inequality of income and poverty influences the pattern of household expenditure. It also influences the welfare of households in the country. Therefore, studying income distribution and poverty could guide the policy makers in Bahrain to improve the living standard of households. The analyses of income distribution and poverty in Bahrain are based on the household expenditure and income survey data for the period (1984-85 to 1994-95), involving Gini coefficient and other measures.

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Patmavanu, Tierra. "Determinants of Las Vegas Tourism Demand." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1975.

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This paper focuses on finding the key determinants influencing Las Vegas tourism demand from years 1987 to 2016. Based on previous tourism literature, this study explores various macroeconomic variables and Las Vegas-specific variables in explaining the effect on Las Vegas visitor volume. The results of this study indicate that U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), world GDP, and Las Vegas housing prices are major factors in determining Las Vegas visitor volume. Additionally, Las Vegas housing prices are inversely related to Las Vegas tourism demand. These variables are statistically significant and help explain visitor volume in Las Vegas. As expected, this article indicates that U.S. GDP, world GDP, U.S. median household income, and employment per population ratio have a positive relationship whereas U.S. unemployment rate and airline fare index per CPI have a negative correlation with Las Vegas visitor volume. In addition, this paper also finds that tourism in Las Vegas is considered a normal good, as indicated by the coefficients of greater than 1 for log U.S. GDP and log world GDP in most models. Overall, these findings are consistent with earlier tourism studies that macroeconomic variables including GDP, income, and employment are positively related to tourism. However, transportation costs and relative prices are negatively related to tourism demand.

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Lawrence, Denis Anthony. "Export supply and import demand elasticities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27368.

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The aim of this thesis is to extend the empirical research which has been undertaken using the GNP function approach to measuring export supply and import demand responsiveness. Exports and imports are divided into several components and detailed sets of elasticities produced. In the second part o£ the thesis imperfect adjustment is allowed for in the GNP function model. The GNP function framework treats imports as an input to the domestic technology while exports are an output. The aggregate technology can then be represented by a restricted profit function facilitating the derivation of net output supply elasticities. In this study the aggregate net outputs are exports, imports, labour and domestic sales supply. Capital is treated as a fixed input. Time-series of input-output data for Canada are used covering the period 1961 to 1980. In the first model estimated, four export and four import components are included by the use of aggregator functions and a two-stage estimation process. The recently developed Symmetric Generalised McFadden functional form which permits imposition of the correct curvature conditions while retaining flexibility is used at both the aggregator and GNP function levels. The aggregate export own-price supply elasticity was found to be 1.67 in 1970 while the aggregate import own-price demand elasticity was -1.62. Increases in the prices of both imports and labour were found to decrease the supply of exports while exports were found to be complementary to the output of domestic sales supply. The demand for labour was found to be more elastic than in earlier studies and a general trend towards increasing price responsiveness in the Canadian economy was observed. The own-price elasticities for the four export and four import components were stable and of reasonable magnitude. All the export and import components were found to be complementary. To remove the assumption of separability, modelling was extended to two larger disaggregated Generalised McFadden GNP function models containing four export (import) components, aggregate imports (exports), labour and domestic sales as net outputs. Using this procedure more substitution between the export and import components was found. A planning price model whereby the producers' notional price adjusts gradually to actual price changes indicated that imperfect adjustment is particularly important in the traded goods sector. Exports fully adjusted to price changes only over an extended period. Finally, an adjustment costs model was estimated which indicated that the main effect of allowing for imperfect adjustment was on input use. Differences between long-run and short-run export supply and import demand responsiveness were relatively small. Considerable substitutability between labour and capital in the long-run was observed and since labour was also variable in the short-run this produced overshooting of labour demand. An increase in export prices thus caused a large short-run increase in labour demand but in the long-run the capital stock was increased and substituted for much of the short-run labour increase.
Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate

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39

Olanie, Aaron Z. "Essays on regulation policy, wildlife quality, and excess demand." Thesis, Washington State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3598102.

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The second chapter examines how both domestic and foreign tobacco regulations affect the flow of tobacco trade. I develop a gravity equation incorporating a comprehensive set of domestic and foreign tobacco regulations into a country's tobacco import demand and estimate their bilateral effects. The results suggest a country's tobacco imports are significantly affected by their trading partner's tobacco regulations. There are two important results: spatial regulations reduce tobacco trade regardless of trade direction and marketing regulations in importing countries may actually increase tobacco imports. These results highlight the importance of understand regulations in an increasingly multilateral economy.

The third chapter investigates the effects of varying levels of access and excludability on a common pool resource with intrinsic quality characteristics. I analyze the case of deer hunting on leased properties by hunting clubs and estimate the lease size elasticity of both harvest and antler quality. The results suggest lease size has a small but significant effect. For all clubs with smaller than average hunting leases, a simulated increase to the average size results in approximately a 4.5 percent increase in the average antler quality of deer harvested. Although I analyze properties leased by hunting clubs, the results are applicable to various other management scenarios.

The fourth chapter develops the relationship between excess demand and purchase options. I illustrate a mechanism allowing firms to smooth sales across periods with uncertain quality and increase expected profit over the market clearing strategy. By "underpricing" high quality goods and offering a purchase option guaranteeing a single price regardless of quality, firms create excess demand and increase consumer willingness to pay for their purchase option. The firm maximizes profit by choosing a guaranteed price low enough to create sufficient excess demand and consumer willingness to pay for the purchase option that markets clear when quality is low. Using a numeric example, I demonstrate a case where this behavior increases profit over the market clearing strategy.

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40

Li, Min. "Factors influencing households' demand for life insurance." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5724.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 13, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

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41

Zorzi, Nathan Gaspar. "Essays on uninsured income risk, lumpy investment and aggregate demand." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/126996.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, May, 2020
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three chapters on uninsured income risk, lumpy investment and aggregate demand. The first chapter analyzes the non-linear response of durable spending to income shocks. Empirically, the average marginal propensity to spend (MPC) on durable goods increases with the size of income changes. I investigate whether a canonical model of lumpy durable investment with incomplete markets can replicate this fact. I first clarify analytically the source of non-linearity in this model, and I show that its sign depends on the relative strength of the extensive and intensive margins of durable adjustment. In numerical exercises, I find that the extensive margin dominates quantitatively, so that the model generates the form of non-linearity observed in the data. However, the magnitudes predicted by this canonical model are substantially lower than their empirical counterparts. I suggest various avenues to improve the quantitative performance of the model.
The second chapter investigates the general equilibrium implications of this form of nonlinearity. I recognize that durable spending is strongly pro-cyclical, that workers employed in durable sectors have a more cyclical labor income than those employed in nondurable sectors, and that workers are imperfectly insured against these fluctuations. In turn, the average MPC on durables increases with income changes, so that this redistribution of labor incomes across sectors has aggregate effects. To formalize and quantify this mechansim, I develop a heterogeneous agent New Keynesian (HANK) model with multiple sectors and lumpy durable adjustment. There is no labor mobility between sectors and financial markets are incomplete, so that durable workers are more exposed to aggregate shocks. I first show analytically that the interaction between cyclical investment and redistribution amplifies the aggregate response of durable spending during booms and dampens it during recessions.
I then quantify the importance of this mechanism using my structural model. The third chapter focuses on the cyclical reallocation of workers across sectors or occupations. Specifically, I explore how uninsured income risk and liquidity frictions can hinder the efficient matching between workers and occupations. I investigate this question in a continuous-time Lucas-Prescott economy with incomplete markets. In this setting, uninsured income risk induces labor misallocation across occupations through two channels. First, it reduces workers' incentives to search (ex ante) for an occupation where they have a strong comparative advantage. Second, it induces excess separation (ex post) by forcing productive households to leave their occupation when their liquidity buffers are depleted. In general equilibrium, labor misallocation exacerbates endogeneously the effect of uninsured income risk, by depressing the value of equity that workers use as liquidity buffers
by Nathan Gaspar Zorzi.
1. Lumpy Investment and the Non-Linear Response to Income Shocks -- Appendix to Chapter 1 -- References to Chapter 1 -- 2. Investment Dynamics and Cyclical Redistribution -- Appendix to Chapter 2 -- References to Chapter 2 -- 3. Uninsured Income Risk and Labor Misallocation -- Appendix to Chapter 3 -- References to Chapter 3.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics

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42

Jeng, Huei-Yann. "Endogenization of trip duration and costs in recreation demand models /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487676847117055.

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43

Ramkolowan, Yash. "Import demand with domestic price endogeneity : the South African case." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5708.

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Word processed copy.
Includes bibliographical references.
This paper uses the imperfect substitutes model to derive an import demand function. However, here domestic prices are endogenised within a simultaneous framework in order to assess the full effect of a currency depreciation. The Johansen multivariate cointegration approach is used to estimate the import demand model as it accounts for nonstationary data and allows simultaneity between the variables. Prior to its use, the "small country assumption", which allows for import price exogeneity, is tested for South Africa. Two di ffering tests indicate that this assumption holds although further exploration reveals that there is scope to clarify the issue. Ultimately the paper shows that import price elasticities generally found in import demand curves (stemming from the elasticities approach) may significantly overstate the effect of an exchange rate depreciation on the trade balance.

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Papaikonomou, Dimitrios. "Identifying UK aggregate demand and aggregate supply relations within the long-run structural VAR framework." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9448.

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This thesis is inspired by the ESRC-Cambridge project "Structural Modelling of the UK Economy within a VAR Framework using Quarterly and Monthly Data" and, in particular, the studies by Garratt et al (1998, 2001). The primary aim is to apply the Long-Run Structural Cointegrating VAR approach, developed within the ESRC-Cambridge project, in order to empirically investigate UK Aggregate Demand and Supply. The empirical analysis is intended to complement the recently developed macro-econometric model of the UK in Garratt et al (1998, 2001) by (i) addressing the issue of structural change and (ii) providing an explicit model of the supply-side of the economy. The recently developed techniques in Johansen and Nielsen (1994), Hansen (2000) and Johansen, Mosconi and Nielsen (2000) are utilised in order to control for and assess the possible long-run effects of different exchange rate regimes. In the light of the well documented finite-sample bias, statistical inference relies in large part on simulation methods along the lines of, inter alia, van Giersbergen (1996), Li and Maddala 1997 Harris , and Judge (1998), Mantalos and Shukur (1998), Gredenhoff and Jacobson (1998), Fachin (2000), Jacobson et al (2001) and Greenslade et al (2002). A practical problem concerning the use of these methods for inference on the cointegrating parameters is identified and a solution is proposed. The Generalised Impulse Responses developed in Koop et al (1996) and Pesaran and Shin (1998) and the Persistence Profiles proposed by Lee et al (1992) and Lee and Pesaran (1993a) are used in order to illustrate the dynamic properties of the estimated systems and provide an informal comparison with the Garratt et al (1998, 2001) models.

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Leybourne, S. J. "Kalman filtering and the estimation of systems of consumer demand equations with time-varying coefficients." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234770.

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Marriott, Richard Keyworth. "Estimating and forecasting a demand chain for food using cross-section and time-series data." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266903.

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Al-Faris, Abdul-Razak Faris. "Market structure and price behaviour : a kinked demand curve approach to the world oil market." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305853.

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Hurst, Martin. "The econometric estimation of the demand for money." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330129.

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49

Wamukuo, Joseph Thairu. "Demand for ante-natal care in Nairobi's slum areas." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9699.

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Bibliography: leaves 71-74.
This paper studies the factors influencing the demand for ante-natal care in two of Nairobi's slum areas, namely, Kibera and Mathare. Antenatal care is important as its absence I underprovision means higher incidences of both maternal and infant mortalities. On the other hand proper ante-natal care means improved well-being of both mother and child. These two groups constitute over 70% of Kenya's population. For any economic and social development programmes to succeed, there is need to give mother and child special attention. The factors influencing the demand for ante-natal care could be grouped into three major categories; socio-economic (age, marital status, income etc.), facility (quality of care) as well as policy (user-fee) variables. The data for the analysis was obtained by means of a household survey conducted in Kibera and Mathare. A two stage sampling procedure was used for the data collection. This involved first, listing of all clusters from which a random selection of clusters to be studied was done and secondly, the households were drawn by a random sample within each of the selected clusters.

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Moe, Anders Grimso. "The economics of the music industry : uncertainty in demand and implications for economic organisation and strategy /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18083.pdf.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Demand (Economics)'

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