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Journal articles on the topic 'Demand Fluctuation'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

YASUDA, Shohei, Kenji IKEDA, Takamasa IRYO, and Masaaki ISHIHARA. "DEMAND CURVE ESTIMATION METHOD FOR DESCRIBING DEMAND FLUCTUATION ON URBAN EXPRESSWAY." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. D3 (Infrastructure Planning and Management) 76, no. 5 (2021): I_757—I_766. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejipm.76.5_i_757.

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2

Campuzano Bolarín, Francisco, Antonio Guillamón Frutos, and Andrej Lisec. "Assessing the Impact of Prices Fluctuation on Demand Distortion Within a Multi-echelon Supply Chain." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 2 (January 26, 2012): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i2.140.

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Price fluctuation is a practice commonly used by companies to stimulate demand and a main cause of the Bullwhip effect. Assuming a staggered step demand pattern that responds elastically to retailer’s price fluctuation, and by using a supply chain management dynamic model, we will analyse the impact of these fluctuations on the variability of the orders placed along a traditional multilevel supply chain. Subsequently, the results obtained will serve to propose a forecasting model enabling to calculate the potential variability of orders placed by each echelon on the basis of the price pattern used. Finally, under the hypothesis of an environment of collaboration between the different members of the chain, we propose a predictive model that makes it possible to quantify the distortion of the orders generated by each level. KEYWORDS: Bullwhip effect, systems dynamics, price fluctuation, supply chain management
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3

Javaid, Saher, Mineo Kaneko, and Yasuo Tan. "Structural Condition for Controllable Power Flow System Containing Controllable and Fluctuating Power Devices." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071627.

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This paper discusses a structural property for a power system to continue a safe operation under power fluctuation caused by fluctuating power sources and loads. Concerns over global climate change and gas emissions have motivated development and integration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar to fulfill power demand. The energy generated from these sources exhibits fluctuations and uncertainty which is uncontrollable. In addition, the power fluctuations caused by power loads also have the same consequences on power system. To mitigate the effects of uncontrollable power fluctuations, a power flow control is presented which allocates power levels for controllable power sources and loads and connections between power devices. One basic function for the power flow control is to balance the generated power with the power demand. However, due to the structural limitations, i.e., the power level limitations of controllable sources and loads and the limitation of power flow channels, the power balance may not be achieved. This paper proposes two theorems about the structural conditions for a power system to have a feasible solution which achieves the power balance between power sources and power loads. The discussions in this paper will provide a solid theoretical background for designing a power flow system which proves robustness against fluctuations caused by fluctuating power devices.
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4

El Hafsi, M., and S. X. Bai. "Multiperiod production planning with demand and cost fluctuation." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 28, no. 3 (August 1998): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7177(98)00102-2.

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YOSHIDA, Kengo, and Yoshiro FUKUDA. "302 Capacity Planning based on Fluctuation of Demand." Proceedings of Manufacturing Systems Division Conference 2010 (2010): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemsd.2010.39.

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Sun, Zhongmiao, Qi Xu, and Baoli Shi. "Dynamic Pricing of Ride-Hailing Platforms considering Service Quality and Supply Capacity under Demand Fluctuation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 16, 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5620834.

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Increasing attention is being paid to the pricing decisions of ride-hailing platforms. These platforms usually face market demand fluctuation and reflect supply and demand imbalances. Unlike existing studies, we focus on the optimal dynamic pricing of the platforms under imbalance between supply and demand caused by market fluctuation. Dynamic models are constructed based on the state change of supply and demand by using optimal control theory, with the aim of maximizing the platform’s total profit. We obtain the optimal trajectories of price, supply, and demand under three ride demand situations. The effects of some key parameters on pricing decisions, such as coefficient of demand fluctuation, service quality, and fixed commission rate, are examined. We find the optimal dynamic price can improve the match of supply-demand in ride-hailing market and enhance the revenue of platform.
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7

Wang, Xiao Yan, and Jian Sun. "Buffet Effect Simulation Model on Demand Chain Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.688.

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Bullwhip effect means the magnification of demand fluctuations, which is evident in a supply chain when demand increases and decreases, while the concept of Demand Chain Management means to make the planning on the basis of the demand side information so as to solve the problem of inconsistent upstream and downstream information by means of partner collaboration in the supply chain. Demand chain emphasizes the customer demand as its core value so as to achieve the best balance between the supply chain efficiency and customer satisfaction. Compared with the supply chain, the demand chain advises the enterprise to strengthen the information transmission ability to promote the performance. Under the demand chain management, the extent of bullwhip effect are weakened, and the fluctuation range against demand chain management is lower than against traditional supply chain.
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8

Wei, Yongchang, Fangyu Chen, and Hongwei Wang. "Inventory and Production Dynamics in a Discrete-Time Vendor-Managed Inventory Supply Chain System." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (September 19, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6091946.

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This paper presents some analytical results on production and order dynamics in the context of a discrete-time VMI supply chain system composed of one retailer and one manufacturer. We firstly derive the lower bound and upper bound on the range of inventory fluctuations for the retailer under unknown demand. We prove that the production fluctuations can be interestingly smoothed and stabilized independent of the delivery frequency of the manufacturer used to satisfy the retailer’s demand, even if the retailer subsystem is unstable. The sufficient and necessary stability condition for the whole supply chain system is obtained. To further explore the production fluctuation problem, the bullwhip effect under unknown demand is explored based on a transfer function model with the purpose of disclosing the influences of parameters on production fluctuations. Finally, simulation experiments are used to validate the theoretical results with respect to inventory and production fluctuations.
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9

Ghozali, Ghozali. "Pengaruh Iklim dan Fluktuasi Harga Bawang Merah dan Bawang Putih terhadap Pendapatan Petani (Studi Kasus pada Petani Sayur di Pacet Mojokerto)." JEBDEER: Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business Development and Economic Educations Research 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32616/jbr.v1i1.53.

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Many people are involved in the vegetable trade business, the majority of farmers in Pacet plunge in planting shallot and garlic, Along with the number of traders, the majority of demand more and more, and when the harvest price is very low and make the farmers lose, and when the season Rain arrives, farmers in the Pacet region many do not plant, so the scarcity of shallot and garlic price is rising. The purpose of this paper is the influence of climate and price fluctuations simultaneously affect the farmer's income, climate influence and price fluctuations affect partially on the market, the variables that predominantly affect the income level of farmers. The results showed that climate and fluctuation influence simultaneously to farmer's earnings that is X1 (Climate) and X2 (Price fluctuation) obtained F value count bigger than F table value (4,391> 3,35). Climate and price fluctuation have partial effect to farmer's income t value (3,45> 2,055) with significance level less than 0,05 0.008 and t variable X2 (price fluctuation) bigger than t table (8.561> 2.055) with significance level below 0.05 ie 0.002. And the most dominant variable influencing farmer's income is price fluctuation from SPSS result shows between variable X1 (climate) and variable X2 (price fluctuation) obtained In variable X1, pearson correlation 0,381 <pearson correlation X2 0,081 This means that variable X2 price fluctuations are more influential on farmers' income.
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10

Chen, Yixi, Gang Ma, Guchao Xu, Huaiyi Chen, and Hang Zhang. "Restraining the Demand Side Power Fluctuation of Active Distribution Network Using 0°/180° Phase Controlled Electric Spring." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2018 (July 2, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5950497.

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In active distribution network, the random power output by wind/solar distributed generation may cause the stochastic fluctuation of demand side power, which will bring difficulties to power dispatching. In this paper, a method of restraining the demand side power fluctuation of active distribution network is proposed, in which a new power electronic device—electric spring—is applied by 0°/180° phase control strategy. Firstly, the basic principles of electric spring are introduced. Secondly, the reason for demand side power fluctuation of active distribution network is analyzed. After that, the 0°/180° phase control strategy of electric spring is proposed to restrain the demand side power fluctuation of active distribution network and the selection basis of noncritical loads is also obtained. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper is effective and the obtained selection basis of noncritical loads is reasonable.
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11

Matia, Kaushik, and Kazuko Yamasaki. "Statistical properties of demand fluctuation in the financial market." Quantitative Finance 5, no. 6 (December 2005): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14697680500397524.

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12

Sengupta, Jati K. "Cost Efficiency and Demand Fluctuation under Data Envelopment Analysis." OPSEARCH 39, no. 3-4 (August 2002): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03398678.

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13

Fang, Peng, Cui Mao, Yuping Chen, Shan Zhou, Rui You, and Danning Xu. "Multi-time scale optimization scheduling of integrated energy system considering demand side response." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 02038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021302038.

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As the physical carrier of the energy Internet, the integrated energy system has become the focus of current research. Considering the renewable energy and demand side load fluctuations, using the price type and the alternative demand side response characteristics, a day-ahead and intraday optimization scheduling model that takes into account the demand side response is established, in which the intraday, according to the difference of electricity, cold/heat and natural gas scheduling time, a three-layer rolling optimization scheduling model is proposed. The example analysis shows that this model can suppress the fluctuation of renewable energy and load in the day, improve the stability of the system, and further reduce the operating cost of the system.
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14

Satoh, Eiji. "Water Demand Fluctuations, Non-Transferable Water Rights, and Technical Inefficiency in Japan’s Water Sector." Water Economics and Policy 05, no. 03 (July 2019): 1850028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x18500285.

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The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake triggered an unexpected water demand fluctuation in Japan’s Abukuma river region. Using this context, this study examines whether demand fluctuations result in technical inefficiency in the Japan’s water sector. Technical efficiency is measured using a data envelopment analysis of water suppliers in the region from 2008–2014. Next, a bootstrapped truncated regression model is specified to examine the determinants of technical efficiency. The estimation results reveal that inefficiency arises when water suppliers with water rights face declining demand. A counterfactual scenario, whereby excess water rights are reallocated to increase water suppliers’ efficiency, improves technical efficiency by 7.19%. This result suggests that the government should permit the reallocation of water rights under a trading scheme.
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15

Hirano, Osamu, Masayasu Kanke, and Kazuhiro Ozawa. "Electricity Demand and Price Analysis in California Using Possibility Regression Model." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 7, no. 2 (June 20, 2003): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2003.p0147.

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In this paper, the authors analyze the prices of electricity spot market in California. Firstly, we discuss the relation between annual demand of electricity and the temperature in California. We identify the electricity demand is related to temperature using possibility regression analysis. Then we show the fluctuation of electricity price is influenced by the demand. In the early summer season of 1998, the relationship between temperature and electricity price in California was simple. However, in the mid summer season in 1998, the price volatility of the electricity goes on increasing. Secondly we show that the expectation (speculative buying) of the market participant which is formed by temperature fluctuation induced the price volatility. We show that the price volatility is affected by temperature fluctuation for a previous few days.
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16

Sirikasemsuk, Kittiwat, and Sarawut Sirikasemsuk. "Measure and Analysis of the Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain When Demand Correlation Exists between Two Market Groups Under the First-Order Moving-Average Demand Processes." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.13 (July 27, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13.16335.

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With supply chains becoming increasingly global, the issue of bullwhip effect, a phenomenon attributable to demand fluctuation in the upstream section of the supply chains, has received greater attention from many researchers. The phenomenon in which the variation of upstream members' orders is amplified than the variation of downstream members' demands in the supply chain is called the bullwhip effect (BWEF). Most of existing research studies did not realize the demand dependency of market demands. Thus, this research focused on the study of the influence of the demand correlation coefficient between two market groups on the BWEF. The incoming demand processes are assumed the separate first-order moving-average, [MA(1)] demand patterns. The scope of the supply chain structure used in this research is composed of one manufacturer and two distribution centers. The general result reveals that the coefficient of correlation is one of several factors affecting the BWEF.
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17

Du, Juan, Peng Dong, and Vijayan Sugumaran. "Dynamic Production Scheduling for Prefabricated Components Considering the Demand Fluctuation." Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 26, no. 4 (2020): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2020.010105.

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18

Mizumoto, Issei, Eiji Morinaga, Hidefumi Wakamatsu, and Eiji Arai. "311 A study on facility layout planning considering demand fluctuation." Proceedings of Manufacturing Systems Division Conference 2011 (2011): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemsd.2011.79.

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19

Li, Yu Kai, Hong Ouyang, Jia Kui Zhao, Xiu Kai Rong, and Yi Dong. "Coordinated Charging of EVs Based on Demand-Side Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.760.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are adopted as an effective way to reduce the pollution of atmosphere. However, if EVs are implemented in a large scale without control, peak load would increase significantly and the grid may be overloaded. Based on Demand-Side Management (DSM), an coordinated charging method for EVs to address the problem of that is proposed. Considering load fluctuation of power grid as well as time-of-use (TOU) power price, a multi-objective optimization model is formulated to minimize the charging cost and restrain the load fluctuation. Overall power load is composed of original daily load and EV charging load, which is obtained through Monte Carlo simulations. On the basis of this, the optimal number of charging EVs in each period is worked out with NSGA-II algorithm. At last, the case study carried out shows the reasonability of this method.
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20

Xu, Jian Fei, Yu Jie Xu, Feng Lu, Dun Nan Liu, and Peng Yuan Li. "A Study on Multistage Coordination and Control Strategy for JiBei Grid Considering Wind Power Fluctuation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.1194.

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The establishment of independent control area for JiBei grid will improve the flexibility of regulation for local units, and absorb more wind power and other clean energy. However, due to the high proportion of wind power capacity and the fluctuation and intermittent of wind power, it presents a challenge to the power supply safety. In this paper, based on the prediction of regulation demand and regulation speed in different time scales, dynamic hierarchical control method is proposed. Several strategies of hierarchical control under the emergency of steady climbing, reverse and fluctuations are established. Hence, it improves the capacity of power supply safety and the proportion of wind absorption. Finally, based on the measurement of characteristics of wind fluctuation, the value of reserve capacity in different control levels is calculated.
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21

Kobayashi, Mizuki, Takahiro Tomino, Junjiro Shintaku, and YoungWon Park. "Demand Fluctuation and Supply Chain Integration: Case Studies of Japanese Firms." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 16, no. 5 (November 6, 2017): 564–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341450.

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Abstract Current Japanese oems utilize both make-to-stock (mts) and make-to-order (mto) to cope with demand fluctuation. In this article, we study how leading manufacturing firms utilize mts and mto by observing two case studies, Toyota’s and Omron’s operations in China. Production and delivery of component suppliers are based on the advance notification from their manufacturers. For this, most automotive firms integrate marketing channels internally, however, most healthcare firms do not. Consequently, it is difficult to forecast and control demand accurately like automotive firms. In this sense, for healthcare firms, it is a tremendous challenge to respond to demand fluctuation through integration with external marketing agencies. We show both companies strategies to mix mts and mto along with integrating internal and external parties.
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SHIMAMOTO, Hiroshi, Toru KITAWAKI, Nobuhiro UNO, and Toshiyuki NAKAMURA. "DEMAND FLUCTUATION ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION USING SMART CARD HISTORICAL DATA." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. D3 (Infrastructure Planning and Management) 70, no. 5 (2014): I_605—I_610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejipm.70.i_605.

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23

Wu, Y., and D. Z. Zhang. "Demand fluctuation and chaotic behaviour by interaction between customers and suppliers." International Journal of Production Economics 107, no. 1 (May 2007): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.09.004.

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24

Paul, Sanjoy Kumar, Ruhul Sarker, and Daryl Essam. "Managing real-time demand fluctuation under a supplier–retailer coordinated system." International Journal of Production Economics 158 (December 2014): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.08.007.

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25

Li, Kun, Joseph Cursio, and Yunchuan Sun. "Principal Component Analysis of Price Fluctuation in the Smart Grid Electricity Market." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 2, 2018): 4019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114019.

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Large price fluctuations have become a significant character and impede resource allocation in the electricity market. Negative prices and peak load spike prices coexist and represent over-supply and over-demand, respectively. It is important to interpret the impact of these extreme prices on sustainable power management from the perspective of economics. In this paper, we build a principal component analysis (PCA) to assess the impact of the two opposite phenomena on the smart grid electricity system. We perform a big-data study using intra-day data from the Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland (PJM) electricity system with over 11,000 transmission lines. As the contribution, this paper (1) measures the price fluctuations from the perspective of economics, (2) captures and observes the full-length behavior of negative and spike pricing in a modern smart grid system with multi-transmission lines and high-frequency price updates, and (3) employs methods with distinctive advantages to bring more in-depth findings to interpret the smart grid system. We find that spike prices hold the principal explanatory power for electricity market fluctuation in all the transmission lines. The results are consistent with previous studies about resolutions such as electrical energy storage, transmission capacity upgrade, and demand response.
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26

Tavor, Tchai, Limor Dina Gonen, and Uriel Spiegel. "Optimal Pricing and Capacity Under Well-Defined and Well-Known Deterministic Demand Fluctuations." Review of European Studies 11, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n2p15.

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Fluctuations in demand require diverse considerations with respect to planned capacity. At peak periods, decreased capacity may result in supply shortages and&nbsp;&nbsp; thus in lower revenues and unachievable profits. &nbsp;In contrast, smaller capacity at off-peak periods reduces the substantial costs of large and unutilized capacity.&nbsp;&nbsp; The questions to be addressed ask (i) what the optimal pricing policies are at peak and off-peak periods; (ii) what the optimal capacity is for profit maximization of the supplier; and furthermore (iii) how the shifting of demands from peak to off-peak periods may reduce fluctuation and impact profits. The present paper develops a model that compares two cases. In Case 1 it is not possible to transfer partial demand from a peak period to an off-peak period, while in Case 2 it is possible to do so. The comparison between the cases illustrates various results, some of which are less intuitive than others. For instance, a larger gap between the peak and off-peak periods leads to a larger optimal capacity in Case 1 than in Case 2. However, a smaller gap presents a different picture. When there is less willingness to switch demand between the periods, the capacity of Case 2 is larger than that of Case 1.&nbsp;
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27

Li, Y. Charles, and Hong Yang. "A Mathematical Model of Demand-Supply Dynamics with Collectability and Saturation Factors." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 27, no. 01 (January 2017): 1750016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812741750016x.

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We introduce a mathematical model on the dynamics of demand and supply incorporating collectability and saturation factors. Our analysis shows that when the fluctuation of the determinants of demand and supply is strong enough, there is chaos in the demand-supply dynamics. Our numerical simulation shows that such a chaos is not an attractor (i.e. dynamics is not approaching the chaos), instead a periodic attractor (of period-3 under the Poincaré period map) exists near the chaos, and coexists with another periodic attractor (of period-1 under the Poincaré period map) near the market equilibrium. Outside the basins of attraction of the two periodic attractors, the dynamics approaches infinity indicating market irrational exuberance or flash crash. The period-3 attractor represents the product’s market cycle of growth and recession, while period-1 attractor near the market equilibrium represents the regular fluctuation of the product’s market. Thus our model captures more market phenomena besides Marshall’s market equilibrium. When the fluctuation of the determinants of demand and supply is strong enough, a three leaf danger zone exists where the basins of attraction of all attractors intertwine and fractal basin boundaries are formed. Small perturbations in the danger zone can lead to very different attractors. That is, small perturbations in the danger zone can cause the market to experience oscillation near market equilibrium, large growth and recession cycle, and irrational exuberance or flash crash.
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28

Endri, Endri. "ANALISIS MODEL MONETER HARGA FLEKSIBEL DALAM PENENTUAN NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v8i2.1041.

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There are a wide variety of monetary models of exchange rate determination, all of which are outgrowth and extension of the basic flexible-price version pioneered by Frenkel (1978) and Bilson (1978). The research aims to know and prove by empiri-cal means the flexible price monetary model is relevant and advantageous to explain the fluctuation of exchange rate rupiah. The methodology involves testing first two assumption of the monetary model, namely, the price arbitrage (unified goods market) and the existence of a stable money demand function. Having these assumption held, the estimation of fluctuation in exchange rate in 1997-2005 was estimated using the flexible price monetary model developed for this purpose. Estimation of fluctuation in exchange rate suggest that the actual behavior of exchange rate in the period 1997 – 2005 is highly consistent with prediction of the flexible price monetary model. Fluctuation in exchange rate of Indonesia was largely explained by such variables as domestic money demand, domestic income and expected inflation, consistent with hypothesis of the flexible price monetary model.
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Wang, Li, Huimin Wang, and Jian Wang. "Research on the Influence of Economic Policy Uncertainty on the Supply Chain Finance." E3S Web of Conferences 214 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021403004.

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Based on the background of continuous increasing external economic uncertainty, this paper builds GARCH-MIDAS model to explore the volatility of copper price caused by global economic policy uncertainty in copper supply chain finance and analyzes the changes of refined copper supply and demand caused by this volatility. It is found that the increases of economic policy uncertainty will enhance the long- term volatility of copper. Moreover, the violent fluctuation of copper price caused by the impact of powerful economic policy uncertainty will weaken the demand confidence of refined copper market and lead to the phenomenon of oversupply. On the contrary, the moderate fluctuation of copper price due to the impact of weak economic policy uncertainty will boost the demand confidence of refined copper market and lead to the phenomenon of short supply.
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Lu, Yesheng, Junning Cui, Jiubin Tan, Xingyuan Bian, and Yamin Zhao. "Temperature Fluctuation Attenuation of Circulating Cooling Water Using Dynamic Thermal Filtering." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (August 2, 2020): 5338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155338.

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The Demand for circulating cooling water (CCW) with high temperature stability and a quick response to temperature control is essential for precision engineering, so a dynamic thermal filtering method is proposed in this paper. Some CCW is bypassed, blocked, and used as a thermal capacity medium, and the temperature fluctuation of CCW is significantly reduced by heat exchanging with the medium. The temperature of the medium dynamically follows the set value of the CCW temperature by real time updating, and so realizes a quick CCW temperature control response. The attenuation ratio of temperature fluctuation was derived, theoretically validating the effectiveness of the method. The experimental results indicate that a CCW temperature fluctuation attenuation ratio of tens of dB (−3.47 dB, −6.91 dB, −10.97 dB and −15.28 dB corresponding to temperature fluctuation frequencies of 0.01 Hz, 0.025 Hz, 0.053 Hz and 0.105 Hz, respectively) is achieved by the proposed method. The updating time of thermal capacity medium is 82 s, which means that the temperature fluctuation attenuation remains functionally valid when the set value of CCW changes. The proposed method is low cost in operation and provides an effective approach to satisfy the challenging demand for CCW with high stability and a good dynamic temperature control performance.
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31

Chen, Yin-Yann, and Hsiao-Yao Fan. "An Application of Stochastic Programming in Solving Capacity Allocation and Migration Planning Problem under Uncertainty." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/741329.

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The semiconductor packaging and testing industry, which utilizes high-technology manufacturing processes and a variety of machines, belongs to an uncertain make-to-order (MTO) production environment. Order release particularly originates from customer demand; hence, demand fluctuation directly affects capacity planning. Thus, managing capacity allocation is a difficult endeavor. This study aims to determine the best capacity allocation with limited resources to maximize the net profit. Three bottleneck stations in the semiconductor packaging and testing process are mainly investigated, namely, die bond (DB), wire bond (WB), and molding (MD) stations. Deviating from previous studies that consider the deterministic programming model, customer demand in the current study is regarded as an uncertain parameter in formulating a two-stage scenario-based stochastic programming (SP) model. The SP model seeks to respond to sharp demand fluctuations. Even if future demand is uncertain, migration decision for machines and tools will still obtain better robust results for various demand scenarios. A hybrid approach is proposed to solve the SP model. Moreover, two assessment indicators, namely, the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) and the value of the stochastic solution (VSS), are adopted to compare the solving results of the deterministic planning model and stochastic programming model. Sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the effects of different parameters on net profit.
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32

Zheng, Minchao, Zhiqing Meng, and Rui Shen. "Research on Two-Level Price-Fluctuation Supply Chain Ordering Strategy Problem." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (March 16, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3867401.

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Uncertainties from retail price-fluctuation sales as well as constraints from suppliers make it difficult for retailers to place accurate orders, which have a great impact on the whole supply chain. Thus, this paper studies a supply chain ordering problem for two-level price-fluctuation sales and establishes a bilevel programming model by Copula function measuring the correlation between price and demand. The optimal order quantity is derived by transforming the bilevel programming model into a single-level model. An algorithm is given for solving the approximate optimal order quantity for the discrete model, and the convergence of the algorithm is proved. The results show that the approximate optimal order quantity decreases with the increase in the uncertainties of price and demand. Supply chain members should sell more products at the normal level, thereby increasing profits of each member in the supply chain under two-level price-fluctuation sales.
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Lin, Zhengchong, Feng Gao, Junwen Song, Changsheng Lin, Boyang Xu, Qiliang Liu, Weizhuo Qiao, and Yuqing Bao. "Rolling Scheduling Method considering Shiftable Demand Respond Resources." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2021 (February 23, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5510357.

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In order to deal with the fluctuation of the renewable energy, this paper proposes rolling scheduling strategy taking into account the capacity of load-side resources. By considering the energy characteristics of shiftable loads, an improved rolling scheduling model is proposed by adopting a full-cycle scheduling and adding periodic power constraints. By this way, the accuracy of the scheduling can be improved. The testing examples verified that the proposed rolling scheduling method can reflect the long-time benefit and therefore result in better performance.
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Hakim, Maulana Arief Rachman. "STRATEGI MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI SENJATA JENIS XX PT. ABC DALAM MENANGGAPI PERMINTAAN YANG FLUKTUATIF." Aliansi : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 13, no. 2 (September 5, 2020): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46975/aliansi.v13i2.21.

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Indonesia has limited budget to fulfill national defense posture, which cause unstable and fluctuation demand of main tool of weapon systems need. Industry in response to uncertain demand, requires good production planning for the ongoing business cycle. The research problem is how the ideal production strategy in response to fluctuating demand. Research question are analyzing user demand patterns, and production strategies, and ideal production management for industry in response to fluctuating demand. The research used qualitative method. The data obtained then analyzed by qualitative analysis techniques. The result show that user demand is based on availability of budget, which cause the user cannot provide certainly to the demand of main weapon system, the shortterm contract are complicate the industry to design their production plan. The Industry implements the MRP system, in its application, raw materials that are difficult to fulfill due to constrained policies and production machinery that often occur due to the old machine age becomes a problem in the application of MRP system, because MRP which will plan the production needs and the time required to stage of delivery. Implementation of the MRP should ideally be integrated with Just-In-Time and anticipated by the model of lowering risk with gradual change. Conclusions, marketing strategy has not been effective, so that it requires good coordination among relevant stakeholders, the fulfillment of production resources that also have limitations need to be anticipated with an effective production strategy, so that the production strategy is able to adjust the conditions that cannot be ensured, Strategy with the application of MRP system combined with Just-In-Time and method of lowering risk with gradual change, it is expected that the industry can survive the fluctuating demand and the policy that makes the limitations.
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Ma, Junhai, Weiya Di, and Hao Ren. "Complexity Dynamic Character Analysis of Retailers Based on the Share of Stochastic Demand and Service." Complexity 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1382689.

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Apart from the price fluctuation, the retailers’ service level becomes another key factor that affects the market demand. This paper depicts a modified price and demand game model based on the stochastic demand and the retailer’s service level which influences the market demand decided by customers’ preference, while the market demand is stochastic in this model. We explore how the price adjustment speed affects the stability of the supply chain system with respect to service level and stochastic demand. The dynamic behavior of the system is researched by simulation and the stability domain and the bifurcation phenomenon are shown clearly. The largest Lyapunov exponent and the chaotic attractor are also given to confirm the chaotic characteristic of the system. The simulation results indicate that relatively small price adjustment speed may maintain the system at stable state. With the price adjustment speed gradually increasing, the price system gets unstable and finally becomes chaotic. This chaotic phenomenon will perturb the product market and this phenomenon should be controlled to keep the system stay in the stable region. So the chaos control is done and the chaos can be controlled completely. The conclusion makes significant contribution to the system referring to the price fluctuation based on the service level and stochastic demand.
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Aslani, Alireza, Mohsen Rezaee, and Seyed Mostafa Mortazavi. "Analysis of the Robustness of Australia Economy and Energy Supply/Demand Fluctuation." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2017-0023.

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Abstract Energy has a strategic role in social and economic development of the countries. Due to the high dependency of energy supply to fossil fuels, fluctuations in prices and supply have macro/micro-economics effects for both energy exporters and importers. Therefore, understanding economic stability based on energy market changes is an important subject for policy makers and researchers. As the competitiveness of Australia products/services has high dependency on energy prices, analyzing the relationships of economics robustness with fossil fuel fluctuations is important for the policy makers and researchers. In this paper, the researchers investigate the effects of energy changes on Australian economics. In this regard, first, the impact of oil price on macro-economic parameters is discussed. After that, the main issues related to energy economics including resilience of the energy sector, energy policies, economics analysis of the energy sector, electricity markets are discussed.
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Tode, Hideki, Shinji Takayama, and Koso Murakami. "Coupled-layer type waveband path design method corresponding to traffic demand fluctuation." Computer Communications 30, no. 5 (March 2007): 965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2006.08.020.

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Tian, Zihao, Jing Zhou, and Minggang Wang. "Dynamic evolution of demand fluctuation in bike-sharing systems for green travel." Journal of Cleaner Production 231 (September 2019): 1364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.065.

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Jaskowski, Piotr, and Slawomir Biruk. "REDUCING RENEWABLE RESOURCE DEMAND FLUCTUATION USING SOFT PRECEDENCE RELATIONS IN PROJECT SCHEDULING." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 24, no. 4 (July 11, 2018): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.3043.

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Renewable resource levelling is the core of the scheduling process. A perfect schedule ensures that resource supply corresponds to the demand at every unit of project time. A classic approach to resource levelling in schedules with predefined project completion dates consists in manipulating processes start dates. Resource deployment can be also improved by considering alternative construction processes execution modes with various crew formations, and by allowing activities to be split. There are other possibilities: in many practical cases, the activities’ precedence logic predefined in the network model can be changed with no harm to the project outcome. Within the structure of the project network model, some precedence relations between activities would definitely be of fixed (hard) character, whereas some might allow the activities to be executed at the same time or arranged in a variety of logical sequences. The authors use soft precedence relations that let the processes run in reversed order or that can be cancelled, in search for improved resource usage profiles. The benefits of scheduling with soft precedence relations are demonstrated by an example.
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Jiao, Yan Li, and Meng Ge. "Research on Prediction Analysis Method about the Taxi Demand of Tourist City with Seasonal Fluctuation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 2025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.2025.

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The determination of taxi demand in tourist city is affected by seasonal changes. It presents peaks and troughs so it is difficult to be predicted. On the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of existing forecast methods, this paper puts forward modified supply and demand balance method and ratio method to forecast taxi demand and then discusses the methods of dealing with seasonal fluctuations.
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Shang, Jin, and Shigeyuki Hamori. "The Response of US Macroeconomic Aggregates to Price Shocks in Crude Oil vs. Natural Gas." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 2603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102603.

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Price fluctuations in crude oil and natural gas, as important sources of energy, have a remarkable influence on our economies and daily lives. Therefore, it is extremely important to react appropriately and to formulate appropriate policies or strategies to reduce the expected negative effects of fluctuations. However, as Kilian suggested, not all oil price shocks are similar; price increases can have diverse impacts on the real price of oil, depending on the underlying determinants of the price fluctuation. Therefore, economists, policymakers, and investors need to decompose real price shocks and evaluate the responses of macroeconomic aggregates to different types of shocks. In this study, we investigate and compare the different effects crude oil and natural gas price shocks have on US real GDP and CPI levels, utilizing a two-stage method based on a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model proposed by Kilian. We found that a crude oil specific demand shock made larger contributions to the real price of oil than a natural gas specific demand shock did to the real price of gas, and that specific demand shocks in crude oil and natural gas markets had different effects on US CPI inflation and had similar effects on the real US GDP level.
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Ding, Jia Li, and Xiang Dong Liu. "Optimal Channel Choice under Stochastic Demand with Multiplicative and Additive Shocks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.213.

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Based on the framework of Stackelberg game, we analyze and compare the optimal channel choices for the manufacturer and the retailer under consignment contract, when the demand is stochastic with uniformly distributed shock in multiplicative and additive forms respectively. We find that the price elasticity, range of demand fluctuation and the revenue sharing ratio affect the optimal channel choices for the manufacturer and the retailer differently under different forms of stochastic demand shocks.
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43

Xu, Jia Yu. "Characteristics of Wind Power Fluctuations." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.919.

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Wind power is also known as junk. This is because wind power fluctuations affect the security and stability operation. Wind power wind turbines created is mainly concerned with the speed of wind. Because of the wind direction uncertain, intermittent, and wake effects between each unit wind farm, wind turbines cannot make that kind of power according to the demand for energy as conventional generators. Due to the lack of experimental data, assess the volatility of wind power is still a lack of effective methods. This article studies the sample in a northeast wind farm power, and based on a sliding differential algorithm, distribution fitting and quantitative calculations describe the characteristics of wind power fluctuations. This article studies the sample in a northeast wind farm power, and based on a sliding difference algorithm, through the analysis showed that wind power fluctuations obey t location scale distribution. And it is affected by factors such as spatial and temporal distribution, there is a big difference between the output power fluctuation characteristics of wind farm output power and single wind turbine. This is due to the wind turbine suffered varying differences, and wake effects between field units, making the distribution of frequent power fluctuations; relative to a single unit, the fluctuation of the whole wind farm is more gentle, that is to say with the spatial distribution increased scale, wind power fluctuations presents certain "gentle effect."
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Lu, Changxiang, Jiaqi Fang, and Shaochuan Fu. "A New Equilibrium Strategy of Supply and Demand for the Supply Chain of Pig Cycle." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (September 2, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2093593.

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The pig market had experienced a cycle of price rise and fall, also known as the “pig cycle.” This paper analyzes the fluctuation relationship between pig price, pig supply, and pork demand, constructs a system dynamics model of the pig industry by decomposing the structure of the pig supply chain, and then discusses the causes of “pig cycle,” as well as the supply chain management strategy and industrial policy, to stabilize the pig industry market. Research shows that reducing the cost of pig breeding, countercyclical adjustment, and government macrocontrol can effectively reduce the fluctuation of pig prices. Among them, reducing the pig breeding cost is the most effective long-term strategy to stabilize the pig price.
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45

Zeng, Wei Min, Dun Nan Liu, Jiang Ping Liu, Tian Qi Tang, Xian Gui Yang, and Min Fan. "The Mechanism Design to Direct Power-Purchase Transaction Considering Market Supply and Demand." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1477.

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At present, direct power-purchase for large consumers is difficult to carry out effectively when demand exceeds supply. Interest demand of direct power-purchase for large consumers under different conditions of supply and demand is analyzed in this paper. Therefore, design principle of transaction mechanism for direct transaction adapting to different supply and demand situation is also applied. The purpose is striving to carry out the direct transaction effectively when market demand exceeds supply situation, adjusting the supply and demand and solving the "soft lack of electricity" phenomenon due to fluctuation of coal price. In the end, some suggestions are put forward to the current transaction rules.
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46

Cheung, C. F., W. M. Wang, and S. K. Kwok. "Knowledge-based inventory management in production logistics: A multi-agent approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 219, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440505x28990.

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With the rapidly changing market conditions, an accurate and highly dynamic inventory management model is much needed for making an enterprise more predictable to the global competition. However, traditional inventory management in production logistics is inadequate in managing inventories with high fluctuation in demand and value. To establish effective inventory management strategy, this paper presents a knowledge-based inventory management system for active inventory replenishment based on multi-agent dynamic forecasting and knowledge-based system technologies. The system dynamically forecasts the fluctuation of the demand and updates price of its raw materials. Hence, appropriate inventory management strategies are derived to respond and adapt to the rapid market changes and the material requirement. A prototype system has been built and successfully trial implemented in a manufacturing enterprise.
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Du, Muqing, Xiaowei Jiang, Lin Cheng, and Changjiang Zheng. "Robust Evaluation for Transportation Network Capacity under Demand Uncertainty." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9814909.

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As more and more cities in worldwide are facing the problems of traffic jam, governments have been concerned about how to design transportation networks with adequate capacity to accommodate travel demands. To evaluate the capacity of a transportation system, the prescribed origin and destination (O-D) matrix for existing travel demand has been noticed to have a significant effect on the results of network capacity models. However, the exact data of the existing O-D demand are usually hard to be obtained in practice. Considering the fluctuation of the real travel demand in transportation networks, the existing travel demand is represented as uncertain parameters which are defined within a bounded set. Thus, a robust reserve network capacity (RRNC) model using min–max optimization is formulated based on the demand uncertainty. An effective heuristic approach utilizing cutting plane method and sensitivity analysis is proposed for the solution of the RRNC problem. Computational experiments and simulations are implemented to demonstrate the validity and performance of the proposed robust model. According to simulation experiments, it is showed that the link flow pattern from the robust solutions to network capacity problems can reveal the probability of high congestion for each link.
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Chen, Meng Jen, Yu Chi Wu, and Chien Tsai Gu. "Energy Billing System with Demand Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1177.

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There are in total about 1.9 million air conditioners (ACs) in Taiwan, and during the summer time the energy consumption of these ACs is about 30% of total country energy consumption. Therefore, effective energy management of these ACs is an essential task to energy saving and carbon reduction. The purpose of this paper is thus to design and to develop an energy billing and demand control system for buildings with aggregated ACs, such as schools, company offices, factories, apartments, etc. The system presented in this paper consists of a power meter, an RFID billing reader, and a demand control module with infrared remote control and relay control. Computer GUI for supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and energy management is also developed. Based on the experimental results, the demand variations of ACs indeed follow the commands sent from the presented system, and the fluctuation of the room temperature is not large during the demand control period.
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Sriwidadi, Teguh, and Erni Agustina. "Analisis Optimalisasi Produksi dengan Linear Programming Melalui Metode Simpleks." Binus Business Review 4, no. 2 (November 29, 2013): 725–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v4i2.1386.

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PD Utama Jaya Plasindo is a trading company which processes plastic resin. In the daily process, the company has many problems or constraints in production planning. Uncertainty demand of goods fluctuation has effect on shortage or surplus production. Other problems are raw materials, machine work hour, labour work hour, and the demand of the products. Simplex Method of Linear Programming purposes to maximize profit in linear function, Profit = 37 A + 46 B + 38 C + 46 D and linear functions of the seven constraints, Raw materials = 7 A + 5,8 B + 8,6 C + 7,6 D ≤ 180.000 grams, Machine Work Hour = 2,5 A + 3 B + 2 C + 2,5 D ≤86.400 seconds, Labor Work Hour = 5 A + 5 B + 5 C + 5 D ≤ 115.200 seconds, Demands of GRX 25 = A ≤2400 pcs, demand of GTW 25 = B ≤ 7200 pcs, demand of GTX 25 = C ≤ 3000 pcs, and demand of GTX 25 M = D ≤ 6600 pcs. The total profit earned by PD Utama Jaya Plasindo from plastic buckle products is Rp 837,000.00 per day and for 20 efective days is Rp 16,752,000.00 with the assumption of profit is in accordance with fixed objective and constraint functions.
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Wang, Xihui, Yonggang Wu, and Liang Liang. "A New Business Mode for FTs Chain in an E-Commerce Environment." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/675414.

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With the rise in the online demand for fashion and textiles (FTs) along with the development of e-commerce, a business mode called drop-shipping mode has emerged. Despite the fact that the drop-shipping mode has many merits, this method has less earning power compared with the traditional business mode. This study proposes a mix business mode for FTs chains in an e-commerce environment. Traditional and drop-shipping modes are special cases of the mix mode. In addition, a generalized model is built to analyze the profitability of FTs chains. Our study shows that, in most cases, the mix mode improves overall profit of FTs chain. Moreover, we consider the seasonality and the short life cycle of fashion items in analyzing the relationship between the e-retailer's optimal inventory level and demand distribution parameters. The numerical example shows that, by changing their inventory level, e-retailers can address the demand fluctuation using the mix mode. The proposed mix mode employs both business modes to enhance the profitability of a FTs chain. As such, the mix mode is an effective method to address demand fluctuation for FTs in an e-commerce environment.
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