Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Demande de Monnaie'
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Ren, Xiaoli. "Spécification et stabilité de la demande de monnaie : une comparaison internationale." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010019.
Full textThe demand for money, and more particularly its short run stability, is of key importance for monetary theory and the efficiency of government policy. The questioning of the short run stability of the demand for money over the recent years in certain countries has elicited substantial research efforts. Our main objective here consists in empirically analyzing the behavior of the short run demand for money over the past twenty years in major industrialized countries such as the United States, France, Japon, West Germany and the united kingdom. Our analysis started with a broad review of existing theories of the demand for money, particularly concerning the specification and the stability of the function, we then, tested the demand for money function using a number of econometric techniques, among which the chow test, the test of switching regimes, the test of cusum, the test of cusum of squares, and the arch model. Based on those tests, we draw the conclusion that the demand for money functions exhibit relatively homogeneous behaviors, even though we can notice institutional nuances among the countries. Apart from the usa for witch the tests indicate some instability in the demand for money function, the short run demand for money appears to be stable for both the sort and the long run. Since the short run stability of the demand for money allows for an accurate estimate of the impact on the economy of a change in the money supply, it seems most appropriate to use the money stock as the control instrument for achieving a stable economic environment
Bauvert, Joanna. "Monnaie et capital : de la demande de monnaie à la monétisation du capital." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100135.
Full textThis thesis deals with the role of capital in the monetary theory by trying to reveal the nature of the link between money and capital. This study also raises the question of the existence of money. The first part is a critical appraisal of the general equilibrium theory's monetary approach in which the link between money and capital appears in the demand for money viewed as a store of value. We show that the limit of this approach is due to the contingency of this link. We also show that Walras is not the founder of a such approach by explaining that his monetary theory gives greater importance to the medium of exchange function. The second part fits into the monetary tradition's framework (Keynes, Hawtrey. . . ) and presents an original analysis of the fundamental equations of Keynes by comparison with the price formation law of Cantillon and Smith. We then demonstrate that the money-capital relation derives from money creation conceived as a monetization of capital
Auboin, Marc. "Le processus international d'innovation financière et son impact sur la politique monétaire de la France, de la Grande-Bretagne et des Etats-Unis." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0011.
Full textThis research aims at presenting clear analytical, theoretical and empirical evidences showing that innovations in international banking have played a dominant role in the recent instabilities of money functions throughout OECD countries and have rendered more difficult the control of monetary aggregates. We are therefore discussing the accuracy of monetarist theories in a changing financial world
Peretti, Philippe de. "Fondements microéconomiques de la monnaie : implications théoriques et empiriques pour quatre domaines de l'économie monétaire." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010054.
Full textNgakegni, Antoine. "La demande de monnaie sur longue période : France, 1876-1990." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100026.
Full textThis Ph. D. Dissertation presents long run monetary aggregates (m1,m2,m3) that have been built up following the basic contributions of several authors, the statistics of Conseil National du credit and those of Banque de France. It is shown that the demand for real cash balances in France from 1876 to 1990 depends mainly on real permanent income, on long run nominal interest rate and on dummy variables which stand for the use of negotiable instruments as money in the XIXth century and for the Second World War. The model, which relates the real cash balances to real permanent income and to interest rate, fits accurately with USA data but leads to unsatisfactory results with UK data on the period 1876 to 1975. It is also shown that the linkage of this model with the traditional money stock adjustment process induces biased estimations, but on the other hand the relevant variables allow an error correction representation
Keita, Lamine. "Monnaie et modélisation de l'offre agricole au Mali." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081281.
Full text1. The state of mali, during the first twenty years after 1960, has to assume too more administration competencies which it has been obliged to reduce, helped in this way by international development partners. This situation will be a desirable evolution if, the disengagement of the state from the production area allows this one to get more possibilities to build real conditions to garanty exercise of private rights, and security of affairs. 2. The functions of the money are very important in the monetary experiences in mali, and seem to make the monetary situation of this country very particular. This particularity makes necessary to distinguish the value and the prices, and to understand the function of the money in order to assure the perennity of exchange and production decisions, and to protect all of the people for reasons of economic efficiency, and not only for moral considerations. 3. The study of agricultural production efficiency has allowed to derive output functions which give us important parameters in politics economics like elasticities- prices of output, direct and crossed. These functions appear like veritable macro- economic functions. Their principle of derivation can be applied to the demand functions. 4. Anticipations are fundamental in the development of economic activities, and money appears like the principal article by mean men assure a link between their experiences and their plans for the futur. 5. The value appears like a collective phenomenon, dependent to local conditions, and to the time of its obervance. In consequence, it has been possible, in mali, by mean of political economic decision called +productive solidarity;; to modify structurally the human cost in the collectivity relative to the other assets cost, so it has been possible to increase structurally and greatly the use of human work, and to get reducing the rate of unemployment, growing the competitivity of the economy, the power of purchasing of money and of the balance of payment, and to get better the own capability of building of the state
Haloui, Samir. "Spécification et estimation des modèles dynamiques : application à la demande de monnaie en France." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX24006.
Full textHaloui, Samir. "Spécification et estimation des modèles dynamiques application à la demande de monnaie en France /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614213f.
Full textRusuhuzwa, Kigabo Thomas. "Intégration, cointégration avec rupture structurelle : application à l'estimation d'une fonction de demande de monnaie : cas du Rwanda et du Burundi." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/rusuhuzwa-kigabo_t_notice.
Full textThe steady steam of theoretical and empirical research, which is observed over the past several decades have been influenced by the major role of demand for money in selecting appropriate money policy actions. Most of that research took place in industrialised countries, though they are now increasingly emerging in developing countries. This trend is explained by the impact of liberalization of economics, globalisation of capital markets, financial liberalization and innovation in domestic markets. The econometric problems associated with the partial adjustment models like non-stationarity of variables led to Error Correction Model, which emphasises on time series on time series characteristics of data. Since the paper of Nelson and Plosser (1982), the problem about unit root hypothesis has received a lot of attention from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. By using ADF test, they argued that current shocks have permanent effects on level of most macroeconomic series. In contrast to that idea, Perron (1989) argued that macroeconomic fluctuations are most likely stationary if allowance is made for breaks in the deterministic components of economic time series. In our research, we present important tests of stationarity and cointegration with break structure, before estimating the demand for money in Rwanda and Burund
Sekpe, Alain. "Substitution monétaire, demande de monnaie dans les pays africains sub-sahariens : évidence par la cointégration." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Find full textSekpe, Alain. "Substitution monétaire, demande de monnaie dans les pays africains sub-sahariens évidence par la cointégration." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2300.
Full textMoreau, Pascale. "Instabilité de la fonction de demande de monnaie : composition des agrégats monétaires et comportement de liquidité des entreprises." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100199.
Full textShimoni, Yaacov. "La demande de monnaie en Israël : 1955-1981 : analyse comparée de différentes formulations de la littérature." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100078.
Full textMartin, Catherine. "Demande et formation des prix monétaires : une réinterprétation de Ricardo." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010025.
Full textThe aim, here, is to show that ricardo does not attach little importance to the notion of demand, unlike a fairly widespread opinion he considers that it is not possible to deal with this notion outside a theoric frameword. This theoric requirement leads him to expose, in his first written works (of monetary nature) what we consider as an embryo of the demand notion, in order to give account of the functionning of a monetary economy in which the demand is a fundamental variable and the disequilibrium situations have a favoured status, one of the central questions concerning the stability of the equilibrium situation. However, some difficulties, he didn't success to get over, lead him to abandon the way he started to open up. A model of prices formation (in which market prices gravitate to wards natural prices) is proposed and developed on the basis of the ricardian intuition relative to the demand concept. In this model, the evolution of the monetary expenditure structure has a fundamental importance and depends on the production coefficients matrix and on the capitalists expectations of the structure of the monetary prices which will realize on the market place. This model allows moreover to show the fruifulness of the ricardian intuition and to give a new interpretation of the main ricardian propositions connected with the prices formation
Klabi, Ramzi. "Essai sur la reformulation de la théorie quantitative de la monnaie par Maurice Allais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2002.
Full textIn 1965, Allais proposed an original restatement of the quantity theory of money. It is the Hereditary and Relativistic (HR) theory of the money demand. Published a decade after Friedman’s restatement and Cagan’s model of hyperinflations, the HR theory remained unknown. Many reasons contributed to the lack of success of this theory, one of which is related to its conceptual framework which is incongruous with the standard approach. The HR theory is based upon the notion of time relativity from a psychological point of view, and the idea that the behavior of economic agents is conditioned by a hereditary effect of past events.Our thesis aims to investigate the contribution of the HR theory as a restatement of the quantity theory with regard to the question of the stability of money demand.The thesis is composed of three parts. The first part contains necessary preludes to the analysis of the HR theory (Part I). The second and the third part contain the two main results of the thesis. The first one is that the HR theory represents an ontological restatement of the quantity theory based on the notion of “psychological time”- time as experienced by the collectivity as a whole (Part II). The second result is that the HR theory, as a macroeconomic theory, contains a paradigmatic shift which echoes the one introduced in physics by the theory of relativity: in the HR theory, an explanation of some monetary phenomena using the psychological distortion of time is substituted to the explanation through causal relations between aggregates (Part III)
Talon, Olivier. "Demande de monnaie et politique monétaire dans l'Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine (U. E. M. O. A. )." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA122009.
Full textIn this work, we attempt to verify whether, and to what extent the structural characteristics of the less developed economies, in particular those of the west-african economic and moneta, ry union countries, influence the type and behavior of the variables that enter into the money demand relationship. Those characteristics, for instance, the economic backward state that increase the level of market imperfection, the high level of adjustment costs and some socio, logical characteristics are additional restraints for standard money demand function. So, this function may be different from the one estimated in developed economies. In oaemu coun, tries, the function has the following characteristics: income explain the greatest part of the changes in money demand and the main motive for holding money is transaction motive; the asset motive is not important, as the interest rate elasticity of money demand function is not significant; the coefficient of expectations is near 1; the adjustment lags are very long. The monetary authorities must take notice of those facts in the monetary policy. In particular, a great carefulness is required in the interest rate policy since the weakness of the relation bet, ween the interest rate changes and the demand for money show that the substitutions between financial assets and money are weak
Kontzler, Hélène. "Une mise en perspective historique et analytique de l'offre de monnaie : Hayek, Friedman et Lucas." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010023.
Full textAlpha, Barry Mamadou. "Demande de monnaie et optimalité de la politique monétaire de la banque centrale des États d'Afrique de l'Ouest (1960-1990)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010019.
Full textThe objective of this Ph. D. Dissertation is to determine, wether there exists a stable money demand function and, the impact of monetary policies of the central bank "bceao" on macroeconomic variables, namely, economic activity, price level, nets foreign assets, in order to define an optimal monetary policy of the central bank. To achieve this objective, an econometric investigation is made, using economic datas for the period 1960-1990. The dissertation is organised in two sections: section 1 reviews the theories of money demand and monetary policy and, section 2 is the empirical evidence of testing for equilibrium relationship between monetary aggregates and economic aggregates. The empirical results indicate : the validity of the quantity theory of money except for the ivory-coast and the benin, the non significance of the exchange rate. The interest rate plays a role, only, for Burkina Faso and the Ivory Coast. The money demand is stable for Benin, Mali, Niger; instable for Senegal and, the results are mixte for Burkina, Ivory Coast and Togo. The inflation has a negative impact on economic growth and, finally, the domestic credits have an negative effect on nets foreign assets which are more correlated to the external shocks (i. E. The price level of commodities)
Lukusa, Mbaya Alain. "Dette publique, développement monétaire international et demande de monnaie : une analyse à partir des tests de cointégration et du modèle à correction d'erreurs." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9328.
Full textKoum, François. "Spécification et stabilité de la demande de monnaie : théorie et applications des techniques récentes de la cointégration en Afrique : le cas du Ghana, du Kenya, de la Tanzanie et du Zimbabwe." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010014.
Full textThe main objective of this study consists to analyse empirically the behaviour of the short-run demand for money over the past twenty five years in some developing countries such as Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Zimbabwe with recents techniques for cointegration. The study started first of all, with a broad review of standard theories of the demand for money, particularly concerning the specification and the stability of the function. After, we tested the demand for money function by using a large number of econometric techniques, among which, the CUSUM test, the CUSUM squares test, the Chow test, the ARCH model and a variety of White test. According on those tests, we draw the conclusion that the demand for money functions presents a strong stability in Zimbabwe even the definition of money. In Ghana, only Ml presents some stability. However, in the case of Kenya and Tanzania, the short-run demand for money appears to be unstable even Ml or M2. Since the short-run stability of the demand for money allows to appraise the impact on the economy of a change in the stock money supply, it seems most appropriate and efficient to use the money stock as the key control instrument for achieving a stable economic environment
Karoubi, Bruno Haim. "Les déterminants du choix des instruments de paiement." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058147.
Full textMogliani, Matteo. "Dynamiques monétaires, politiques de stabilisation et coûts de l'inflation en Amérique latine : analyses empiriques en présence de changements de régime et de non linéarités." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0127.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the empirical analysis of monetary dynamics in Latin America. The main two fields of application of the thesis are monetary economics and macroeconometrics. The thesis is composed of four chapters. In the first one, I analyze long-run dynamics of the demand for money in Argentina between 1900 and 2006. The inclusion of structural breaks, estimated through a sequential procedure, allowed me to estimate stable long-run equations and to fit actual short-run variations of the monetary aggregate. In the second chapter, I analyze the welfare cost of inflation in Brazil between 1960 and 2009. I estimate long-run relationships, also including structural breaks, and I use the estimated elasticity for the interest rate and the deterministic structure of the model to compute the theoretical cost of Brazilian monetary policy during the past 50 years. In the third chapter, I analyze the performance of a group of residual-based test of cointegration with multiple deterministic structural breaks. Results show the existence of a trade-off between size and power of these tests in presence of multiple breaks. In the fourth chapter, I analyze the reaction functions of four Latin American Central Banks (Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico). The empirical analysis focuses on the econometric modeling of the Taylor rule under a non-linear cointegration framework, where the non-linearity takes the form of an exponential STAR model (ÉSTAR). Results show the existence of non-linear reaction functions for three out of four Central Banks, where the non-linearity depends on inflation and exchange rate dynamics
Milanesi, Julien. "LA MÉTHODE D'ÉVALUATION CONTINGENTE EN QUESTION.Critique, requalification et illustration par la mesure de la demande en assainissement à Moshi (Tanzanie)." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172028.
Full textBadinga, Mouanda Babongui Ariane. "Union régionale et convergence économique structurelle : le cas de la CEMAC." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40060.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study in the light of the traditional and modern theories of optimality the factors of blocking of the process of convergence within the economic and monetary community of Central Africa. This regional entity sees its chances to converge in the long run compromised by the existence of heterogeneities on the level of the mechanisms of request for currency on the one hand, and those guaranteeing price stability on the other hand. Without disavowing the interest of the convergence criteria nominal, it shows that it would be an error to regard them as able to secure the zone against asymmetries. These criteria, which are certainly essential with the operation of the economic and monetary zone, offer weak warranties in terms of adjustment to the asymmetrical shocks. All in all, this thesis is interested on interconnections between on the one hand the nominal and real variables, and the structural variables which underlie them. It concludes that the regional union formed by the CEMAC could not be viable in the long term, except if the structures tend to be homogenized
Mohamed, Cheik Hamidou Issoufa. "Excès de liquidité monétaire, objectif d'inflation et stabilité financière." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G001/document.
Full textRecent developments in asset prices (stocks, real estate) during the last decade have revived the debate on the origin of some unbalances (bubbles) and their impact on the real economy. Indeed asset prices respond to liquidity glut (the global monetary base growing faster than world production) in a low inflation regime. In this thesis, we try to clarify the relationship between liquidity conditions and prices which may render economies more vulnerable to financial shocks (e.g. as a result of the bursting of asset prices bubble). Thereafter, we examine how monetary policy should respond to this threat by analyzing the implications of the existence of liquidity glut on the "inflation targeting" policy. To deal with liquidity glut and ensure financial stability, should central banks have to consider asset prices in their design of monetary policy?
Brun, Jean-François. "L'inflation chronique : le cas de l'Argentine et d'Israël." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF10155.
Full textChronic inflation exhibits two features. First, a high rate of increase in the general price level, second, it lasts for long periods of time, many years. Chronic inflation has been a key characteristic of some developing countries during the seventies and the eighties. We express the view that the main cause of chronic inflation is the disorder in the public finances. We show that a linear relation between budget deficit and inflation has to be replaced by a more complex one due to the dollarization of the economy. We study the role of inertia in the inflationary process, and in what extent it may justify the use of incomes policies and of price controls. We then try to test if the credibility of economic policy matters for disinflation
Rari, Eirini. "Le corps monnaie d'échange : approche psychanalytique des demandes d'amputation volontaire." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC077.
Full textThe object of this study is the request for voluntary limb amputation or paralysis. We follow the nosographie evolution of the condition, addressing the diagnostic and ethical issues it raises. Nine men and one woman with an amputation or paralysis wish were interviewed. These accounts put forth apotemnophilia's sexual component, gravitating around the fetish of a missing limb. We analyze the structure of the underlying amputation fantasy and the way the representation of the difference between sexes transmutes under this prism. The primary focus on the inferior limbs emphasizes the relationship between amputation desire and mobility, highlighting a spatial dimension of the separation process that echoes the psychic modifications concomitant to the acquisition of walking and its vicissitudes. While manifestly a deprivation move, the wish for a motor handicap corresponds to a maneuver of "self-portage". Based on the ex-voto and the relie paradigms, the detachment of a body part is viewed as a response to a sacrificial demand; a process involved in an intersubjective commerce, with body parts and functions potentially serving as a "bargaining chip". Thus, the detachment of a body part reflects a means to negotiate separation and a mastering of the loss, inscripted on the body itself, a(n) (anti)melancholic process. The enclaved, paradoxical and untranslatable character of this formation constitutes simultaneously a rampart against psychosis and offers in extremis a way of preserving sex and sexual identity
Marek, Ewelina. "Essays on mental accounting effects of personal carbon allowances : implications for transportation." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2083.
Full textThe excessive anthropogenic activities related to burning of fossil fuels emit around 80 percent of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere per year, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014). Among the GHG emissions, the anthropogenic CO2 emissions belong to the most dangerous ones. About 40 percent of these CO2 emissions have remained in the atmosphere (880 ± 35 GtCO2) since 1750, contributing to the global warming effect (IPCC, 2014). Since the 1950s, humanity is clearly responsible for more than half of the observed increases in temperatures (IPCC, 2014). The world energy consumption in 2011 tripled when comparing to 1965 and it has increased more rapidly than the world population (BP and UN, 2012). The above problem concerns a number of sectors, but only one of them has become the main subject of this dissertation. More precisely, this dissertation focuses on the transportation sector, which belongs to one of the greatest contributors of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere ((EC, 2012). Researchers warn that if the personal transportation demand continues to augment, which is likely due to the steady increase in population and greater accessibility to transport modes, the levels of congestion could become intolerable and even more costly to mitigate (Stern, 2006; EEA, 2010; Ostrom et al., 2012). Lack of changes in individual’s behavior, irrespectively of investment in abatement technologies, could lead to excessive costs, which already today are estimated to be high due to a very few low-carbon alternatives available (Abrell, 2007; Bottrill, 2006; Proost, 2008; SDC, 2005). The essays presented in this dissertation shed some light on how insights from the behavioral economics could be used to tackle the environmental pollution from personal transportation. At the core, lies the implementation of a market-based policy instrument (i.e., personal carbon allowances) in hypothetical commuting choices. The personal carbon allowances, abbreviated as PCA, constitute “a right to pollute” the atmosphere during personal activities, such as commuting and traveling (Roberts and Thumim, 2006; Howell, 2008; 2012; Parag et al., 2011). This dissertation provides suggestions on how a PCA design could influence personal choices of commuting. On the basis of four essays, a number of conclusions were drawn, and policy recommendations were formulated. For the purposes of this dissertation, PCA was defined to be any ‘cap-and-trade’ public policy instrument in which carbon emission rights are allocated to individuals. Three out of four essays encompassed laboratory experiments. The experimental subjects managed their allowances under a term emission permits (les permis d'émission, in French) because the study was conducted in France. One of the conclusions that should be highlighted is that the labeling effect had a positive influence on the experimental subjects and that it would be beneficial to consider it in the PCA scheme. For example, the personal carbon allowances that are granted for all activities could be extended by allowances that would be valid for public transportation only. The public transportation should be labeled in the budget because it is a less polluting alternative to private transportation. Having a certain number of allowances for public transportation at their disposal, subjects may be more willing to use this transport mode in replacement of commuting by private transportation. Another lesson that can be drawn from this dissertation is that the provision of feedback matters. Moreover, individuals may not only rely on their personal past experiences but also may want to extend their knowledge by the feedback on activities of their peers or neighbours