Journal articles: 'Dementia in Nigeria'

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Nwakasi, Candidus C., Kate de Medeiros, and Foluke S. Bosun-Arije. "“We Are Doing These Things So That People Will Not Laugh at Us”: Caregivers’ Attitudes About Dementia and Caregiving in Nigeria." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 1448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10497323211004105.

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Some Nigerians, in their effort to make sense of dementia symptoms, use descriptions that may stigmatize people with dementia and their families. This qualitative descriptive study focused on the everyday understanding of dementia and the impact of stigma on the caregiving experiences of informal female Nigerian dementia caregivers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 adult informal female caregivers in Nigeria and analyzed for themes. Afterward, results were presented to focus groups of 21 adult Nigerians residing in the United States for more contextual insight on the findings. The three major themes were misconceptions about dementia symptoms, caregiving protects against stigmatization, and stigma affects caregiving support. Overall, we argue that knowledge deficit, poor awareness, and traditional spiritual beliefs combine to drive dementia-related stigmatization in Nigeria. Strategies such as culturally appropriate dementia awareness campaigns and formal long-term care policies are urgently needed to help strengthen informal dementia caregiving in Nigeria.

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Nwakasi, Candidus, Kate de Medeiros, and Darlingtina Esiaka. "Stigmatization and the Experience of Informal Dementia Caregivers in Nigeria." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.887.

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Abstract There is no formal word for dementia in Nigeria. Instead, some Nigerians, in their effort to make sense of dementia symptoms, use descriptions that may result in stigmatization of people living with dementia and their families. With Nigeria’s rapid aging, increased risk of dementia, and lack of formal long-term care, this study focused on the impact of stigma on the caregiving experiences of Nigerian women. This exploration is significant as adult females in Nigeria are the pillar of informal caregiving in the country. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 adult informal female caregivers in Anambra, Nigeria. Data were then transcribed, coded and analyzed for themes. Afterwards, focus groups of 21 adult Nigerians residing in Ohio, US, were conducted to offer more contextual insight on the findings. The three major themes identified were: 1) negative views of dementia symptoms (e.g., witchcraft, madness), 2) caregiving protects against stigmatization (e.g., by keeping family members out of sight), and 3) stigma and caregiving support such as adult children abandoning parents with dementia because of the stigma associated with dementia. Given the overwhelming presence of stigma in all aspects of dementia to include dementia caregiving, results point to the critical need for better strategies to help strengthen informal caregiving in Nigeria. This includes culturally appropriate dementia education for families and caregivers, and formal long-term care policies that include care support in a rapidly aging Nigeria.

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Giménez-Llort, L., EK Oghagbon, F. Dogo, M. Ogiator, and J. Prieto-Pino. "438 - Nigerian women are more susceptible to the impact of diabetes-and-dementia: State-of-art, Future perspectives and Directions." International Psychogeriatrics 32, S1 (October 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220002902.

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Among the preventable complications of diseases that require urgent effective health literacy programs in sub-Saharan Africa, crosstalk between diabetes and dementia stands out for women's health. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in midlife is a recognised risk factor for dementia. This crosstalk is more significant in persons of African ancestry. Globally, the prevalence of DM will increase dramatically in the next few years with 75% of cases living in low-to-middle-income countries. Some major risk factors for DM2 accelerates the development of dementia in Africa-Americans, thus leading to higher prevalence of dementia compared to Caucasians. It is known that 58% of the global 46.8 million dementia subjects lives in economically developing countries. This proportion may reach 63% and 68% in 12 and 32 years' time, respectively. Females are 1.5 times likely to develop dementia, but sub-Saharan Africa women have a disproportionately two-to-eight fold increased dementia risk. In the eye of this storm is Nigeria which is home to the highest number of diabetics in Africa. Diabetes prevalence in the country is rising parallel to increased incidence of obesity, hypertension and rising population age. The socioeconomic impact of increasing prevalence of DM2 and dementia will be unsustainable for Nigeria healthcare system, given the experiences in developed economies. This study analyses the current situation of women's health in Nigeria, and explore future policy directions. The complex interplay of factors involved in the DM2-dementia crosstalk in Nigerian women include those due to biological processes (metabolic syndrome, vascular damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance and anaemia), nutritional habits and sedentary lifestyles. Other factors that predisposes Nigerian diabetic women to dementia are, restricted resources, lack of visibility and poor health management. They add up to increase the burden of disease in the Nigerian woman, irrespective of age. We advise urgent implementation of heath policies and actions that will increase ratio of mental health professionals / number of patients, especially in rural areas and the establishment of proactive primary healthcare centres. Importantly, interventions targeting adolescents and adult women, and others specific to mother- child interactions, are strongly needed in Nigeria and the sub-region for mitigating dementia in women.

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Ochayi, B., and T. D. Thacher. "Risk factors for dementia in central Nigeria." Aging & Mental Health 10, no. 6 (November 2006): 616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607860600736182.

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Yusuf, Abdulkareem J., Olusegun Baiyewu, Taiwo L. Sheikh, and Adamu U. Shehu. "Prevalence of dementia and dementia subtypes among community-dwelling elderly people in northern Nigeria." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 3 (August 18, 2010): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210001158.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Dementia has important public health implications. The magnitude of the problem remains largely unknown in the developing countries.Methods: Three hundred and twenty-two community dwelling elderly persons and their caregivers in Zaria, Northern-Nigeria were enrolled in this study. They were interviewed using Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSI-D), Consortium to Establish Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD), Stick Design Test (SDT), Blessed Dementia Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15 for Windows. Diagnosis was based on fulfilling criteria for dementia in both the International Classification of Disease, 10th edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 75.5 ± 9.4 years. The prevalence of dementia was 2.79% (CI 1–4.58%). Alzheimer's disease constituted 66.67% of all the cases of dementia in this community. Age was the only demographic factor associated with dementia.Conclusion: The prevalence rates of dementia and dementia subtypes in the developing countries are similar using standard diagnostic criteria and methods.

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Wahab, Elias Olukorede, and Chioma Joan Ikebudu. "Quality of Life of Patients with early Onset Dementia in Nigeria." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 12 (October 2013): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.12.28.

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Dementia is a major cause of disability and mortality among the elderly, it becomes early onset of dementia, when it occurs before the age of 60 years. It is the loss of cognitive abilities, particularly the loss of memory; it appears to be one of the most dreaded conditions of old age. Around 5% of the population aged 65 and above is affected by dementia, and its prevalence rises with the rate nearly doubling every 5 years. The study used the key informant interview research tool to achieve its aim and objectives, thereby collecting data to answer its research questions. Purposive sampling was used, while ethnographic summary was used to analyse the data. The results of the study showed that the quality of patients with early onset of dementia is generally poor, in that the illness brings about the crippling of finance, loss of memory and independence, loss of position in the society. The study recommends detecting factors that can prevent or postpone the disease, and educating the public on early onset of dementia (OED). Interventions that could delay early onset of dementia would have a major positive public health impact and the prospect of dementia prevention may also reduce some of the common fears and anxieties of becoming older.

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Ogunrin, Olubunmi A., Emeka U. Eze, and Francis Alika. "Usefulness of the HIV Dementia Scale in Nigerian patients with HIV/AIDS." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 10, no. 3 (November 5, 2009): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v10i3.274.

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Objective: Information on the cognitive complications of HIV/AIDS from sub-Saharan Africa, where statistics on HIV is alarming, is sparse because of lack of validated cognitive tools. This study assessed the usefulness and predictive validity of the HIV Dementia Scale (HDS) as a screening tool among HIV-positive Nigerian Africans. Design: HIV-positive patients were randomly selected over a period of two months. Setting: The HIV/AIDS outpatient clinic of the University teaching hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Subjects: Asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV-positive patients were compared with age, sex and level of education-matched controls. Outcome measures: Cognitive performances on the modified HIV Dementia scale. Results: The performances of 160 HIV-positive (comprising 80 asymptomatic and 80 symptomatic) subjects were compared with 80 age, sex and level of education-matched HIV-negative subjects on the HDS. The mean HDS scores (maximum =12) were 10.78±1.18 (comparison subjects), 8.85±1.38 (asymptomatic) and 5.2±1.13 (symptomatic); p

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Uwakwe, Richard. "Satisfaction with dementia care—giving in Nigeria—a pilot investigation." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 21, no. 3 (2006): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1500.

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Olayinka, Olaniyi O., and Nadine N. Mbuyi. "Epidemiology of Dementia among the Elderly in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/195750.

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Objectives.To review epidemiologic studies on the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of dementia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Methods.A MEDLINE search (from January 1992 to December 31, 2013) of epidemiologic studies, with no language restriction, was conducted using the keywords “dementia” or “Alzheimer’s” and “Africa.” We selected for review population and hospital-based studies that reported the prevalence, incidence, or risk factors of dementia in SSA in people aged 60 years and above. References of selected articles were reviewed to identify additional relevant articles that met our selection criteria.Results.Of a total of 522 articles, 41 were selected and reviewed. The reported prevalence of dementia in SSA varied widely (range: 2.29%–21.60%); Alzheimer’s disease was the most prevalent type of dementia. Only two studies conducted in Nigeria reported incidence data. Major risk factors identified include older age, female gender, cardiovascular disease, and illiteracy.Conclusion.Data on the epidemiology of dementia in SSA is limited. While earlier studies reported a lower prevalence of dementia in older persons, recent studies have put these findings into question suggesting that dementia prevalence rates in SSA in fact parallel data from Western countries.

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Ogunniyi, A., O. Baiyewu, O. Gureje, K. S. Hall, F. Unverzagt, S. H. Siu, S. Gao, et al. "Epidemiology of dementia in Nigeria: results from the Indianapolis-Ibadan study." European Journal of Neurology 7, no. 5 (September 2000): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-1331.2000.00124.x.

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Uwakwe, Richard. "The Financial (Material) Consequences of Dementia Care in a Developing Country: Nigeria." Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 15, no. 1 (January 2001): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002093-200101000-00008.

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Oyinlola, Oluwagbemiga, and Oluromade Olusa. "Social Work with Older Persons Living with Dementia in Nigeria: COVID-19." Journal of Gerontological Social Work 63, no. 6-7 (July 27, 2020): 638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2020.1797973.

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Eze, Chukwuemeka O., Olaronke F. Afolabi, Uma A. Kalu, Francis C. Okoro, and Eugene C. Nzei. "Pattern of Neurological Disorders in an Adult Neurology Clinic at Abakaliki Nigeria." Global Journal of Health Science 13, no. 8 (July 8, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v13n8p72.

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BACKGROUND: Neurological disorders are common with increasing prevalence worldwide. The pattern of their presentation at Abakaliki Nigeria is not known. It is against this background that we embarked on this retrospective observational study on the pattern of neurological disorders in an Adult neurology clinic at Abakaliki Nigeria. METHOD: This is a retrospective observational hospital based study where the attendance registers of the 2 neurology clinics were used to extract demographic and clinical information of patients seen at the clinics from January 2019 to June 2020. RESULTS: A total of 1910 (72%) patients (Male- 1063, Female- 847) had neurological disorders. Common neurological disorders include Stroke, Seizure disorder, Parkinsonism, Dementia, Spondylosis, and headache. CONCLUSION: Neurological disorders are quite common in neurology clinics at Abakaliki Nigeria with preponderance of stroke.

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Adebiyi, Akindele O., Motunrayo A. Fagbola, Olaide Olakehinde, and Adesola Ogunniyi. "Enacted and implied stigma for dementia in a community in south-west Nigeria." Psychogeriatrics 16, no. 4 (November 9, 2015): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12156.

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Hendrie, Hugh C. "Incidence of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease in Nigeria and the United States—Reply." JAMA 285, no. 19 (May 16, 2001): 2448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2448.

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Perkins, Anthony J., Siu L. Hui, Adesola Ogunniyi, Oyewusi Gureje, Olusegun Baiyewu, Frederick W. Unverzagt, Sujuan Gao, Kathleen S. Hall, Beverly S. Musick, and Hugh C. Hendrie. "Risk of mortality for dementia in a developing country: the Yoruba in Nigeria." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 17, no. 6 (2002): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.643.

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Ogunniyi, Adesola, Su Gao, Frederick W. Unverzagt, Olusegun Baiyewu, Oyewusi Gureje, James Tat Nguyen, Valerie Smith-Gamble, et al. "Weight loss and incident dementia in elderly Yoruba Nigerians: a 10-year follow-up study." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 3 (August 25, 2010): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210001390.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The relationship between weight and dementia risk has not been investigated in populations with relatively low body mass index (BMI) such as the Yoruba. This study set out to achieve this objective using a prospective observational design.Methods: The setting was Idikan Ward in Ibadan City, Nigeria. The participants were all aged 65 years or older and were enrolled in the Indianapolis-Ibadan Dementia Project. Repeated cognitive assessments and clinical evaluations were conducted to identify participants with dementia or MCI during 10 years of follow-up (mean duration: 5.97 years). BMI measures, information on alcohol, smoking history, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, heart attack, stroke and depression were collected at each follow-up evaluation. Mixed effect models adjusted for covariates were used to examine the differences in BMI among participants who developed dementia or MCI and those who remained cognitively normal during the follow-up.Results: This analysis included 1559 participants who had no dementia at their first BMI measurements. There were 136 subjects with incident dementia, 255 with MCI and 1168 with normal cognition by the end of the study. The mean BMI at baseline was higher for female participants (22.31; SD = 4.39) than for male (21.09; SD = 3.61, p < 0.001). A significantly greater decline in BMI was found in those with either incident dementia (p < 0.001) or incident MCI (p < 0.001) compared to normal subjects.Conclusion: Decline in BMI is associated with incident MCI and dementia in elderly Yoruba. This observation calls for close monitoring of weight loss in elderly individuals which may indicate future cognitive impairment for timely detection and tailored interventions.

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Mahmoud, Kafayat, and Candidus Nwakasi. "Cycle of Disadvantages: An Exploration of Young and Older Female Dementia Caregivers’ Experiences." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1128.

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Abstract Families play an essential role in providing care for older persons in Nigeria, a responsibility that is culturally assigned to women. Caregiving is made even more difficult given the increasing rates of older persons with dementia and the limited capacity of caregivers to provide adequate care. We explored the experiences of two female dementia caregivers and how they cope with other competing responsibilities. The research method employed a case study approach, which followed the lived experiences of two Nigerian women – a 75-year-old woman (Ada) who cares for her husband, and a 35-year old woman (Chika) who cared for her father. The research adopted the life course concept of ‘linked lives’ and the Family Stress Process model to explore and identify the continued embeddedness of persons within their family networks and relationships, which may have deleterious effects on the wellbeing of caregivers. This study revealed that married women providing care to older parents are exposed to domestic violence from their spouses who deem them uncommitted to their (husbands’) families. These women continue to remain in such abusive relationships due to financial dependence and unwillingness to leave their children. Older women caregivers, on the other hand, over time, begin to develop physical limitations, which limit their ability to provide care for their spouses and subsequently must depend on unemployed children who live close by. This study highlights the complicated cycle of exposure to socio-economic and health disadvantages which women experience as caregivers across two generations.

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Amoo, Gbolagade, Adefolakemi Temitope Ogundele, Abayomi Oluseye Olajide, Maroh Great Ighoroje, Adedunmola Oluwaseun Oluwaranti, Godspower Chibuike Onunka, Agnes Abosede Ladeinde, and Olubukola Grace Folaji. "Prevalence and Pattern of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Community-Dwelling Elderly Populations in Abeokuta, Nigeria." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 33, no. 6 (January 9, 2020): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988719892327.

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Background: Many elderly persons in Nigeria are having mental health challenges and there is a lack of commensurate increase in services to attend to such. Aim: To assess the prevalence, pattern and correlates of psychiatric morbidity among community dwelling elderly persons (≥ 60 years) in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Methods: 532 respondents were selected using a multistage, stratified cluster sampling method from the elderly population in Abeokuta. First, participants were administered the socio-demographic questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Those with a score of ≥ 3 in GHQ-12 were assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI PLUS), while those with ≤ 16 in MMSE were assessed with the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) IV criteria for Dementia and the Petersen’s criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Results: 36.3% of the respondents had a probable psychological disorder, while 25.4% had a probable cognitive impairment. 9.8% had a current definitive psychiatric disorder. The commonest disorders were major depressive disorder and dementia. The female gender, the oldest old (≥ 80 years), having a chronic medical illness and bereavement in the last 1 year were most significantly associated with having mental health problems. Conclusion: A significant number of the elderly population in the studied community suffers from a psychiatric illness. It is hoped that studies as these will inform stakeholders on the need to pay closer attention to the mental health needs of the elderly, as their overall wellbeing plays a role in determining the overall health of the community.

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Olakehinde, Olaide, Akinpelu Adebiyi, Akeem Siwoku, Sarah Mkenda, Stella-Maria Paddick, William K. Gray, Richard W. Walker, Catherine L. Dotchin, Declare Mushi, and Adesola Ogunniyi. "Managing dementia in rural Nigeria: feasibility of cognitive stimulation therapy and exploration of clinical improvements." Aging & Mental Health 23, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 1377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1484883.

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Baiyewu, Olusegun, Kathleen A. Lane, Frederick W. Unverzagt, Adesola Ogunniyi, Oye Gureje, Sujuan Gao, Hugh C. Hendrie, and Kathleen S. Hall. "O2-01-07: Factors associated with conversion to dementia or normal among Yoruba subjects diagnosed as cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) in Ibadan, Nigeria." Alzheimer's & Dementia 4 (July 2008): T132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.310.

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Yakasai, Ahmad M., Mustafa I. Gudaji, Hamza Muhammad, Aliyu Ibrahim, Lukman F. Owolabi, Daiyabu A. Ibrahim, Musa Babashani, et al. "Prevalence and Correlates of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) in Northwestern Nigeria." Neurology Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/486960.

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HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) are common among HIV-positive individuals. This study explored the prevalence and correlates of HAND in Nigeria. 80 HIV-positive and 40 HIV-negative adults selected from Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) received comprehensive evaluations. A multidomain neuropsychological test (MDNPT) battery assessing 7 domains was administered to the participants and their performance was combined with measures of functional status to classify impairments into various grades of HAND. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify correlates of symptomatic HAND. Among the HIV-positive individuals, 50% were highly active antiretroviral therapy-experienced (HAART+) and 50% were highly active antiretroviral therapy naive (HAART−). Symptomatic HAND was found among 40% of the HAART− individuals and 30% of the HAART+ individuals. Respective prevalence of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) was 23% and 5%, respectively (p=0.0002). In a binary logistic regression model, only fewer years of education independently predicted symptomatic HAND [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.44,p=0.016]. The prevalence of HAND in Nigeria is high with HAD being commoner among HAART− patients. Provision of HAART and strict monitoring of patients at risk of HAND are needed to scale down the burden of the disease.

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Olari, M., G. Le Vacon, and M. Follet. "Ekbom syndrome - cultural aspects from a clinical case." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72178-2.

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IntroductionEkbom syndrome is a delusional parasitosis in which the patient has the delusion of infestation by parasites. This condition might occur in concordance with senile dementia or cerebrovascular disease, but it is also present in mood disorders or schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo present a clinical description of a delusional parasitosis that appeared in a young nigerian women after she immigrated in France.AimsOur case is suggestive for showing that delusional parasitosis might develop in circumstances of social vulnerability such as the immigration and might have different cultural aspects.MethodsWe present the case of a 29 years old nigerian women that developed a delusional parasitosis 3 years after her arrival in France. The diagnosis was based on a carefully detailed clinical history, an MMSE was also applied. In order to exclude secondary causes an extensive laboratory evaluation was performed including: complete blood cell count, liver, renal and thyroid function tests, serum electrolytes and glucose levels, vitamin B12, folate, iron studies, coproanalysis, neuroimaging.ResultsThe patient had all laboratory and neuroimaging tests normal. She presented a delusional parasitosis and she described an infestation with multiple intestinal worms. She was capable of describing them and their movements under the skin and also in all the organs. She described dracunculiasis and three more different species that are commonly present in Nigeria, she never mentioned lice or mites.ConclusionsEkbom syndrome is a delusion of hallucinatory mechanism that might have different cultural presentations and could be favored by social vulnerability such as immigration.

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Ogunlade, Olayinka, and Kendra Ray. "P2-384: Can Music-Assisted Care Interventions be Effective Treatments for People with Dementia in Lagos, Nigeria?" Alzheimer's & Dementia 12 (July 2016): P792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1595.

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Ogboi, Johnbull S., Ademola Adeleye, Reginald Obiakor, and Kabir Sabitu. "P3-057: Prevalence of dementia in Zaria, northwestern Nigeria: Relationship to age, gender, education, and laboratory test." Alzheimer's & Dementia 6 (July 2010): S465—S466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1551.

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Gray, William Keith, Stella-Maria Paddick, Adesola Ogunniyi, Olaide Olakehinde, Catherine Dotchin, John Kissima, Sarah Urasa, et al. "Population normative data for three cognitive screening tools for older adults in sub-Saharan Africa." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 15, no. 3 (September 2021): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030005.

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ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA),cognitive screening is complicated by both cultural and educational factors, and the existing normative values may not be applicable. The Identification of Dementia in Elderly Africans (IDEA) cognitive screen is a low-literacy measure with good diagnostic accuracy for dementia. Objective: The aim of this study is to report normative values for IDEA and other simple measures [i.e., categorical verbal fluency, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) 10-word list] in representative community-dwelling older adults in SSA. Methods: Individuals aged ≥60 years resident in 12 representative villages in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania and individuals aged ≥65 years resident within three communities in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria underwent cognitive screening. The normative data were generated by the categories of age, sex, and education. Results: A total of 3,011 people in Tanzania (i.e., 57.3% females and 26.4% uneducated) and 1,117 in Nigeria (i.e., 60.3% females and 64.5% uneducated) were screened. Individuals with higher age, lower education, and female gender obtained lower scores. The 50th decile values for IDEA were 13 (60–64 years) vs. 8/9 (above 85 years), 10–11 uneducated vs. 13 primary educated, and 11/12 in females vs. 13 in males. The normative values for 10-word list delayed recall and categorical verbal fluency varied with education [i.e., delayed recall mean 2.8 [standard deviation (SD) 1.7] uneducated vs. 4.2 (SD 1.2) secondary educated; verbal fluency mean 9.2 (SD 4.8) uneducated vs. 12.2 (SD 4.3) secondary educated], substantially lower than published high-income country values. Conclusions: The cut-off values for commonly used cognitive screening items should be adjusted to suit local normative values, particularly where there are lower levels of education.

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Mkenda, Sarah, Olaide Olakehinde, Godfrey Mbowe, Akeem Siwoku, Aloyce Kisoli, Stella-Maria Paddick, Babatunde Adediran, et al. "Cognitive stimulation therapy as a low-resource intervention for dementia in sub-Saharan Africa (CST-SSA): Adaptation for rural Tanzania and Nigeria." Dementia 17, no. 4 (June 21, 2016): 515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301216649272.

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Introduction Cognitive stimulation therapy is a non-pharmacological intervention for people with dementia. Its use has been associated with substantial improvements in cognition and quality of life in studies from high-income countries, equivalent to those achieved by pharmacological treatments. Cognitive stimulation therapy may be particularly suited to low resource settings, such as sub-Saharan Africa, because it requires little specialist equipment and can be delivered by non-specialist health workers. The aim of this study was to adapt cognitive stimulation therapy for use in sub-Saharan Africa taking into account socio-cultural differences and resource implications. Methods Cognitive stimulation therapy is a structured programme, originally developed in the United Kingdom. Substantial adaptations were required for use in sub-Saharan Africa. The formative method for adapting psychotherapy was used as a framework for the adaption process. The feasibility of using the adapted cognitive stimulation therapy programme to manage dementia was assessed in Tanzania and Nigeria in November 2013. Further adaptations were made following critical appraisal of feasibility. Results The adapted cognitive stimulation therapy intervention appeared feasible and acceptable to participants and carers. Key adaptations included identification of suitable treatment settings, task adaptation to accommodate illiteracy and uncorrected sensory impairment, awareness of cultural differences and usage of locally available materials and equipment to ensure sustainability. Conclusions Cognitive stimulation therapy was successfully adapted for use in sub-Saharan Africa. Future work will focus on a trial of cognitive stimulation therapy in each setting.

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Yusuf, Abdulkareem J., Olusegun Baiyewu, Adamu G. Bakari, Sani B. Garko, Mohammed E. B. Jibril, Aishatu M. Suleiman, Haruna M. Muktar, and Micheal A. Amedu. "Low education and lack of spousal relationship are associated with dementia in older adults with diabetes mellitus in Nigeria." Psychogeriatrics 18, no. 3 (February 8, 2018): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12309.

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Hendrie, Hugh C., Olusegun Baiyewu, Denise Eldemire, and Carol Prince. "Caribbean, Native American, and Yoruba." International Psychogeriatrics 8, S3 (May 1997): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297003906.

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Studying behavioral disturbances of dementia across cultures allows us to identify commonalities and differences that may be useful in determining the best approach to managing these problems. However, what we tend to find in cross-cultural studies is that the best approach may not be the same approach, given the different prevalence of and levels of tolerance for various behavioral problems. These differences are apparent in the authors' studies of four populations—Jamaicans in Kingston; Cree in Northern Manitoba, Canada; Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria; and African Americans in the United States. The Jamaicans in this study live in a poor suburb of Kingston, the Cree live in two fairly small, isolated communities in Northern Manitoba, and the Yoruba live in Ibadan, a city of more than 1 million people. The Yoruba community the authors are studying, although concentrated in the city center, functions much like a village. The African-American population resides in Indianapolis, Indiana, a moderately sized city of approximately 1 million people.

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Baiyewu, Olusegun, Valerie Smith-Gamble, Kathleen A. Lane, Oye Gureje, Sujuan Gao, Adesola Ogunniyi, Frederick W. Unverzagt, Kathleen S. Hall, and Hugh C. Hendrie. "Prevalence estimates of depression in elderly community-dwelling African Americans in Indianapolis and Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria." International Psychogeriatrics 19, no. 4 (May 16, 2007): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610207005480.

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Background: This is a community-based longitudinal epidemiological comparative study of elderly African Americans in Indianapolis and elderly Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria.Method: A two-stage study was designed in which community-based individuals were first screened using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia. The second stage was a full clinical assessment, which included use of the Geriatric Depression Scale, of a smaller sub-sample of individuals selected on the basis of their performance in the screening interview. Prevalence of depression was estimated using sampling weights according to the sampling stratification scheme for clinical assessment.Results: Some 2627 individuals were evaluated at the first stage in Indianapolis and 2806 in Ibadan. All were aged 69 years and over. Of these, 451 (17.2%) underwent clinical assessment in Indianapolis, while 605 (21.6%) were assessed in Ibadan. The prevalence estimates of both mild and severe depression were similar for the two sites (p = 0.1273 and p = 0.7093): 12.3% (mild depression) and 2.2% (severe depression) in Indianapolis and 19.8% and 1.6% respectively in Ibadan. Some differences were identified in association with demographic characteristics; for example, Ibadan men had a significantly higher prevalence of mild depression than Indianapolis men (p < 0.0001). Poor cognitive performance was associated with significantly higher rates of depression in Yoruba (p = 0.0039).Conclusion: Prevalence of depression was similar for elderly African Americans and Yoruba despite considerable socioeconomic and cultural differences between these populations.

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Yusuf, Abdulkareem Jika, Abdulaziz Hassan, Aisha Indo Mamman, Haruna Mohammed Muktar, Aishatu Maude Suleiman, and Olusegun Baiyewu. "Prevalence of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) among Patients Attending a Tertiary Health Facility in Northern Nigeria." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 16, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325957414553839.

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Background: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is a great source of morbidity in sub-Saharan African region. However, the magnitude of this problem remains largely uninvestigated despite having the largest number of population with HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of HAND among patients attending a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 1 year. They were assessed using the International HIV Dementia Scale, Word Recall Test, Stick Design Test, Subjective Cognitive Complaint Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Drug Abuse Screening Test, Center for Epidemiological Study–Depression Scale, Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, and neurological examination. The CD4 count and viral load were determined for all the participants. A consensus diagnosis was made on each case based on the Frascati criteria. Data obtained were analyzed using “SPSS” for Windows version 15. Results: A total of 418 HIV-positive patients participated in the study, of which 325 (77.8%) are females. The mean age (standard deviation) of the participants was 37.2 (9.3) years. The prevalence of HAND was 21.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.6%-25.4%), of which 9.6% were asymptomatic. The significant predictors of HAND in this study are duration of illness (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33 P < .001), detectable viral load (OR = 0.19, P < .001), CD4 count (OR = 0.99, P < .001), education (OR = 0.94, P = .011), stopping medication (OR = 3.55 P = .01), and severity of illness (OR = 1.24, P = .005). Conclusion: One-fifth of the HIV-positive patients in this study had HAND. Various sociodemographic and clinical features were related to the prevalence of HAND.

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Adetomiwa, Basiru. "P3-499: INFORMATION NEEDS OF AN ELDERLY PEOPLE IN THE EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER DISEASE IN SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA." Alzheimer's & Dementia 15 (July 2019): P1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3534.

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Amedu, M. A., O. Baiyewu, and A. J. Yusuf. "Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among Elderly In-Patients in Non-Psychiatric Wards of a Teaching Hospital in Northern Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 1, no. 3 (November 23, 2018): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.77.

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The population of the elderly is increasing globally with enormous challenges particularly in developing countries. Aging increases the risk for both physical and psychiatric disorders with psychiatric disorders often unrecognized in non-psychiatric settings. This presents huge costs to both patient and society. The study aimed at estimating the rate of psychiatric morbidity in non-psychiatric wards of a tertiary hospital in Northern Nigeria. One hundred and forty (140) subjects were recruited into this cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants were initially screened using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) after administering the Socio-demographic questionnaire. Subjects scoring >5 in the SRQ and or ≤13 in the Modified MMSE were then further interviewed using the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS). Clinical Psychiatric diagnosis was also made based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria from all information available and later compared with GMS diagnoses. Mean age of participants was 67.5, SD ±6.4. The rate of psychiatric morbidity using ICD-10 diagnosis was 47.9% with depression being the commonest disorder (18.6%) followed by delirium (17.1%) and dementia (10.7%). Depression and anxiety disorders were particularly under-recognized by non-psychiatric doctors. Identified risk factors for psychiatric morbidity included female gender, low socioeconomic status, low educational level and presence of multiple medical diagnoses. The rate of psychiatric morbidity among elderly in-patients in non-psychiatric settings has remained high in comparison to previous studies with huge gaps in recognition and treatment reflecting the need for more collaboration between medical teams.

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Afolabi, Adebukunola Olajumoke, Friday A. Eboiyehi, and Kolade Afolayan Afolabi. "Gender analysis of nurses' attitude towards care of the elderly with dementia in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria." Journal of Women & Aging 32, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2019.1682488.

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Dotchin, Catherine, Sarah Mkenda, Olaide Olakehinde, Aloyce Kisoli, Stella-Maria Paddick, William Gray, Godfrey Mbowe, et al. "P4-183: COGNITIVE STIMULATION THERAPY (CST) AS A SUSTAINABLE INTERVENTION FOR DEMENTIA IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS: A PILOT STUDY IN NIGERIA AND TANZANIA AS PART OF THE IDEA (IDENTIFICATION AND INTERVENTIONS FOR DEMENTIA IN ELDERLY AFRICANS) PROJECT." Alzheimer's & Dementia 10 (July 2014): P856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1700.

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Arinzechi, Eugene O., Olubunmi A. Ogunrin, Cosmas M. Nwosu, Paul O. Nwani, Kelechi O. Enwereji, Lasbrey A. Asomugha, and Uche Dimkpa. "A community-based case–control study of prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairments in patients with epilepsy residing in South-Eastern Nigeria." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 07, no. 03 (July 2016): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.181488.

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ABSTRACT Background: Epilepsy is the commonest neurological disorder encountered in Sub-Saharan Africa. The quality of life of patients with epilepsy (PWEs) is adversely affected by cognitive impairments. Aim: This study investigated the prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairments in PWE in Ukpo community located in a South-Eastern state in Nigeria using Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID) and a computer-assisted cognitive test battery (FePsy). Methods and Patients: Fifty-one PWEs were studied and compared with 51 age-, sex-and level of education-matched healthy controls. Diagnosis of epilepsy was confirmed clinically with eye-witness corroboration. Sociodemographic data and information on epilepsy variables were obtained with the aid of a questionnaire. Cognitive domains assessed include language, memory, orientation, attention, psychomotor speed and constructional praxis. Results: The prevalence rate of cognitive impairment using total CSID score was 19.6%. Analysis of CSID scores revealed significant impairment in language (17.6%), memory (29.4%), orientation (15.7%), attention (7.8%) and constructional praxis (15.7%) compared to healthy controls. A similar pattern was observed with FePsy but with better sensitivity indices for detecting cognitive impairment. Conclusion: This study indicated significant prevalence rate of cognitive impairment among treatment-naïve PWE with profound affectation of memory, mental speed and language. In addition, the FePsy was found to be more sensitive and specific in assessment of cognitive function in PWE.

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Paddick, Stella-Maria, Aloyce Kisoli, Sarah Mkenda, Godfrey Mbowe, William Keith Gray, Catherine Dotchin, Adesola Ogunniyi, et al. "Adaptation and validation of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) in a low-literacy setting in sub-Saharan Africa." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 29, no. 4 (March 27, 2017): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2016.65.

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the feasibility of a low-literacy adaptation of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) for use in rural sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for interventional studies in dementia. No such adaptations currently exist.MethodsTanzanian and Nigerian health professionals adapted the ADAS-Cog by consensus. Validation took place in a cross-sectional sample of 34 rural-dwelling older adults with mild/moderate dementia alongside 32 non-demented controls in Tanzania. Participants were oversampled for lower educational level. Inter-rater reliability was conducted by two trained raters in 22 older adults (13 with dementia) from the same population. Assessors were blind to diagnostic group.ResultsMedian ADAS-Cog scores were 28.75 (interquartile range (IQR), 22.96–35.54) in mild/moderate dementia and 12.75 (IQR 9.08–16.16) in controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.973 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.936–1.00) for dementia. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s α 0.884) and inter-rater reliability was excellent (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.905, 95% CI 0.804–0.964).ConclusionThe low-literacy adaptation of the ADAS-Cog had good psychometric properties in this setting. Further evaluation in similar settings is required.

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Uwakwe, Richard, Christian C. Ibeh, Anne Ifeoma Modebe, Emeka Bo, Nkiru Ezeama, Ifeoma Njelita, Cleusa P. Ferri, and Martin J. Prince. "The Epidemiology of Dependence in Older People in Nigeria: Prevalence, Determinants, Informal Care, and Health Service Utilization. A 10/66 Dementia Research Group Cross-Sectional Survey." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 57, no. 9 (September 2009): 1620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02397.x.

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Ogunniyi, Adesola, Effiong E. U. Akang, Oye Gureje, Masaki Takao, Pedro Piccardo, Olusegun Baiyewu, Kathleen S. Hall, Bernardino Ghetti, and Hugh C. Hendrie. "Dementia With Lewy Bodies in a Nigerian: A Case Report." International Psychogeriatrics 14, no. 2 (June 2002): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610202008402.

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Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neuropathologically diagnosed cause of degenerating dementia after Alzheimer's disease. We report the first autopsy-confirmed case in sub-Saharan Africa in a Nigerian patient. The case presented highlights the varied clinical presentation of DLB, and is intended to raise awareness about another possible cause of dementia in Nigerian subjects.

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Gureje, O., B. Oladeji, and T. Abiona. "Incidence and risk factors for late-life depression in the Ibadan Study of Ageing." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 9 (January 28, 2011): 1897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710002643.

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BackgroundWe present the incidence and risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) among community-dwelling elderly Nigerians.MethodA cohort study of persons aged ⩾65 years residing in eight contiguous Yoruba-speaking states in south-west and north-central Nigeria was conducted between November 2003 and December 2007. Of the 2149 baseline sample, 1408 (66%) were successfully followed up after approximately 39 months. Face-to-face in-home assessments were conducted with the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3 (CIDI.3) and diagnosis was based on the DSM-IV. Incident MDD was determined in the group with no prior lifetime history of MDD at baseline and who were free of dementia at follow-up (n=892).ResultsDuring the follow-up period, 308 persons had developed incident MDD, representing a rate of 104.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 93.3–116.6] per 1000 person-years. Compared to males, the age-adjusted hazard for females was 1.63 (95% CI 1.30–2.06). Lifetime or current subsyndromal symptoms of depression at baseline did not increase the risk of incident MDD. Among females, but not males, rural residence and poor social network were risk factors for incident MDD. Physical health status at baseline did not predict new onset of MDD.ConclusionsThe finding of a high incidence of MDD among elderly Nigerians complements earlier reports of a high prevalence of the disorder in this understudied population. Social factors, in particular those relating to social isolation, constitute a risk for incident MDD.

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Hall, Kathleen, Frederick W. Unverzagt, Hugh C. Hendrie, Oye Gureje, Sujuan Gao, Siu L. Hui, Adesola Ogunniyi, Steve Oluwole, and Olusegun Baiyewu. "Risk Factors and Alzheimer's Disease: A Comparative Study of Two Communities." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 5 (October 1998): 698–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809113126.

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Objective: To determine the association between demographic, lifestyle and medical history factors to Alzheimer's disease (AD), we studied samples of two community dwelling populations with significantly different prevalence rates of AD in Indianapolis, USA (6.24%) and Ibadan, Nigeria (1.4%). Methods: The samples were drawn from African—American community dwelling residents 65 years of age and over in Indianapolis, and Yoruba community-dwelling residents 65 years of age and over in Ibadan. A two-stage epidemiological design was used in which diagnosis of AD was by National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria. Results: In Indianapolis, age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 1.11-1.21), family history of dementia (OR = 5.40; 95% Cl = 1.99-14.62), low education (0-6 years, OR = 3.49; 95% Cl = 1.06-11.48) and rural residence (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.05-5.88) were associated with a higher risk of AD. In Ibadan, age (OR = 1.15; 95% Cl = 1.12-1.18) and female gender (OR = 13.9; 95% Cl = 3.85-50.28) were associated with a higher risk of AD. Conclusions: The remarkably similar odds ratios between age and AD between sites suggest that biological processes associated with ageing are essential elements in the development of AD but that genetic and environmental risk factors may alter age-specific rates. In our longitudinal study, we intend to investigate in more depth the interaction between these ageing, genetic and environmental factors.

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Adeyanju, Muinat, Balqees Shodiya, Olufemi Abayomi, Adewale Awofeso, Ayodele Akinlade, Oluwatayo Adebisi, Basil Ugwu, Joseph Ashidi, and Efere Obuotor. "In-vitro Evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Antlion Larvae Extracts." NIgerian Journal of Neuroscience 12, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47081/njn2021.12.1/002.

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Antlion is used in traditional medicine by natives of the southern part of Nigeria particularly the Yorubas for memory enhancement. The progress made so far in the use of this organism as a memory booster lead to investigating the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (the key enzymes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease) inhibitory activities of methanolic and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) extracts. The activities of these enzymes were investigated using Ellman’s method. The kinetics of the inhibition patterns was also studied using eserine as the standard inhibitor. The concentration of the extract required for 50% inhibition (IC50) of the AChE was 49.00 ± 1.20 and 271.40 ± 0.10 µg/mL, for the PBS and methanolic extracts respectively, compared to Eserine with IC50 of 2.25 x 10-2 ± 0.15 x 10-2 µg/mL. Similarly, the IC50 for the BuChE was 66.30 ± 0.40 and 216.70 ± 1.10 µg/mL respectively, for the methanol and PBS extracts, compared to Eserine with IC50 of 1.10 ± 0.30 µg/mL. The pattern of inhibition of the BuChE in the presence of the extracts was non-competitive, while AChE exhibited non-competitive and competitive inhibitions for the methanolic and PBS extracts respectively. It is therefore evident that extracts of the antlion larvae contained cholinesterase inhibitors which might be binding to AChE and BuChE; with the PBS extract inhibitory activity towards AChE being more potent than the methanolic extract. Suggesting a beneficial effect in cognitive deficit and related dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

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Shittu, AO, AO Adewoye, and HO Olawumi. "Red cell indices and peripheral blood film findings of anti-Psychotic treatment and treatment naïve Psychiatic patients in a tertiary Hospital in Nigeria." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 18, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v18i2.40685.

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Background: The overall burden of morbidity and mortality from psychiatric disorders is on the rise. Holistic approach in the care of this group of patients has become inevitable. There is need for collaboration between psychiatrists and other physicians, laboratory physicians inclusive. Study design: cross sectional descriptive case- control study. Materials and method: A total of 198 patients including controls were recruited for this study. Patients with schizophrenia constituted majority of the respondents, 86.4% of antipsychotic-naïve patients and 90.9% of patients on antipsychotics. A comprehensive medical examination was carried out on every participant. On every sample, automated Full Blood Count was performed using Sysmex2000i and peripheral blood film was made and examined. Result: 51.5% and 47% of anti-psychotropicnaïve patients and patients on anti-psychotic were 18-40 and 41-60 years respectively. Male (57.6%), predominated the anti-psychotic naïve group while female (51.5%) predominated the group on anti-psychotics. Schizophrenia was the diagnosis in the majority of patients, 86.4% and 91% respectively in anti-psychotic naïve and antipsychotic treatment groups. Other diagnoses were depressive illness, substance use disorder and dementia. Of all the subjects, one (1.5%) schizophrenic patients and two (3%) of controls had abnormal haemogram results. For the schizophrenic patient with abnormal results, haematocrit was 12g/dl, MCV of 75fl and MCH of 26pg, while the two controls with abnormal results had only haematocrit deranged with value of 12.3g/d. Neutrophil hypersegmentation was seen on the film of five antipsychotic-naïve patients (7.5%) diagnosed with Schizophrenia and one (1.5%) of the controls. Macrocytosis was only seen in three (4.5%) of the five antipsychotic-naïve patients that had neutrophil hypersegmentation. Conclusion: No significant difference was noted in the Full Blood Counts among the two sets of patients and controls, although there were isolated cases of neutrohil hyperesegmentation and macrocytosis. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.196-205

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Baiyewu, Olusegun, Valerie Smith-Gamble, Akinsola Akinbiyi, Kathleen A. Lane, Kathleen S. Hall, Adesola Ogunniyi, Oyewusi Gureje, and Hugh C. Hendrie. "Behavioral and Caregiver Reaction of Dementia as Measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory in Nigerian Community Residents." International Psychogeriatrics 15, no. 4 (December 2003): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610203009645.

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Background: The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) has been used to assess behavioral symptoms of dementia in the United States, Taiwan, Japan, and Italy. Method: This report evaluates the use of the NPI to assess behavioral symptoms of dementia in a population of Yoruba, Nigerians aged 65 years and older who are subjects in the Indianapolis-Ibadan Dementia Project. In this study, the NPI, Blessed Dementia Scale, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess Nigerian subjects with dementia. For this study the NPI was translated, back translated, and harmonized into Yoruba. Results: The harmonized version of the NPI showed good interrater and test-retest reliability. The Cronbach alpha on 40 subjects was .80 for total severity score, .73 for frequency, and .73 for distress, indicating good internal consistency. The MMSE correlated with the NPI total score and severity scores of delusion, hallucination, and agitation, whereas the Blessed correlated with the NPI total score and severity scores of depression, anxiety, and nighttime behavior. Conclusions: The NPI was found to be a reliable tool to assess behavioral symptoms and caregiver distress of dementia in the Yoruba. Behavioral disturbances were as common in the Yoruba patients with dementia as in studies in other countries that have used the NPI, but the pattern of behavioral disturbances and caregiver response varied among the countries.

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Akodu, B. A., S. O. Akinwunmi, and A. Onajole. "79 Relationship Between Depression and Nutritional Status Among the Elderly Attending Selected Primary Healthcare Centers in Lagos." Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_1 (March 2021): i12—i42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab030.40.

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Abstract Introduction Depression causes and worsens malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly of the developed world was about 22.6% and about 40% of hospitalized elderly are malnourished while about 4.8% have one major depressive episode in people aged 50 and above. Food rich in omega-3 has antidepressant effect and its low intake is linked with dementia. Decrease dietary folate has been linked with depression. This study was aimed at determining the relationship between depression and nutritional status among the elderly in selected primary healthcare centers (PHC) in Lagos Nigeria. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage technique to select 219 participants by systematic sampling method from the selected PHC centers. Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Nutritional status and Depression were assessed using Mini-Nutritional Assessment and Geriatric Depression Scale respectively. Data analysis was carried out using Epi-info 7.1. Associations were tested using Chi-square for categorical variables while t-test and analysis of variance were used for continuous variables. Associations were statistically significant if two-tailed probability was less than 5% (0.05). Results It was found that 57.9% and 47.1% were malnourished and depressed respectively. There was a statistically significant association between the sex of the participants and the nutritional status (p = 0.048). Statistically significant association existed between sex (p = 0.024), marital status (p = <0.001), educational qualification and depression. Statistically significant association between monthly income (p = <0.001), living arrangement (p = 0.002) and depression was demonstrated. There was a statistically significant association between family support (p = <0.001), nutritional status (p = <0.001) and depression. There was statistically significant difference between the height (p = 0.00885), weight (p = 0.00052, waist-hip ratio (p = 0.036) and the nutritional status. Remarkably, there was statistically significant difference between the waist (p = 0.023) and hip circumference (p = 0.047) and their level of depression. Conclusion A high prevalence of poor nutritional status and depression existed among the elderly primary healthcare centers.

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Nwakasi, Candidus C., Catherine Hayes, John Fulton, and Amy R. Roberts. "A pilot qualitative study of dementia perceptions of Nigerian migrant caregivers." International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences 10 (2019): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2019.03.003.

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Abdullahi, Sakina M., Hafsat W. Idris, Halima A. Sadiku, and El-ishaq Abubakar. "GM1-gangliosidosis in a Nigerian infant: A case report." Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 48, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v48i1.10.

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Gangliosidoses belong to the group of genetic lipid metabolism disorders, caused by defects of lysosome enzymes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Gangliosidosis GM1 is caused by the deficiency of the acid beta-galactosidase (GLB11) resulting in the storage of the substrate- GM1 ganglioside in brain and visceral organs. GM1 gangliosidosis comprises three phenotypes, depending on the age of onset: an infantile, juvenile and adult type. In the infantile type dysmorphic features, severe psychomotor retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, bone changes and a cherry red spot in the macular region are seen. The juvenile GM1 gangliosidosis has no such external distinguishing features. In the adult type behavioural problems, dementia, extrapyramidal problems are specifically prominent. The authors present symptoms, clinical course and laboratory findings of a one-year-old boy with a diagnosed GM1 gangliosidosis. He presented with skin rashes since birth, delay in achievement of developmental milestones, progressive weight loss and recurrent diarrhoea of six-months duration.

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Adebayo, PhilipB, OlaleyeA Adeniji, AkinloluA Ajani, and RufusO Akinyemi. "Neuropsychiatric and Parkinsonian manifestations of dementia: A case report in a Nigerian woman." Annals of African Medicine 12, no. 1 (2013): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1596-3519.108252.

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Osuntokun, B. O., A. Ogunniyi, E. E. U. Akang, P. U. Aghadiuno, A. Ilori, E. A. Bamgboye, Konrad Beyreuther, and Colin Masters. "βA4-amyloid in the brains of non-demented Nigerian Africans." Lancet 343, no. 8888 (January 1994): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90910-5.

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Bello, Abidemi, Olusegun Baiyewu, Francis Aina, and Increase Adeosun. "Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Nigerian Hospital Patients: Prevalence, Correlates and Caregiver Burden." International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal 10, no. 3 (January 10, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/indj/2017/38030.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dementia in Nigeria'

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