Relevant bibliographies by topics / Demineralization rate

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Academic literature on the topic 'Demineralization rate'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Demineralization rate"

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Arends, J., J. Christoffersen, M. R. Christoffersen, B. Øgaard, A. G. Dijkman, and W. L. Jongebloed. "Rate and Mechanism of Enamel Demineralization in situ." Caries Research 26, no. 1 (1992): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000261420.

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Huang, Wei-Te, Saroash Shahid, and Paul Anderson. "Validation of a Real-Time ISE Methodology to Quantify the Influence of Inhibitors of Demineralization Kinetics in vitro Using a Hydroxyapatite Model System." Caries Research 52, no. 6 (2018): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488597.

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The aim was to validate a novel protocol to measure the cariostatic efficacies of demineralization inhibitors by repeating previous SMR (scanning microradiography) studies investigating the dose response of Zn2+ and F– on demineralization kinetics in vitro using real-time Ca2+ ion selective electrodes (ISEs). In this study, Ca2+ release was used as a proxy for the extent of demineralization. Forty-eight hydroxyapatite (HAP) discs were allocated into 16 groups (n = 3) and adding either increasing [Zn2+], or [F–], similar to those used in the previous SMR studies. Each HAP disc was immersed in 50 mL, pH 4.0, buffered acetic acid for 1 h, and real-time ISE methodology was used to monitor the rate of increase in [Ca2+] in the demineralization solution. Next, either zinc acetate or sodium fluoride was added into each demineralization solution accordingly. Then after each [Zn2+] or [F–] addition, the HAP disc was further demineralized for 1 h, and ISE measurements were continued. The percentage reduction in the rate of calcium loss from hydroxyapatite (PRCLHAP) at each [Zn2+] or [F–] was calculated from the decrease in Ca2+ release rate, similar to that used in the previous SMR studies. A log-linear relationship between mean PRCLHAP and inhibitor concentration was found for both Zn2+ and F–, similar to that reported for each ion in the previous SMR studies. In conclusion, real-time Ca2+ ISE systems can be used to measure the cariostatic efficacies of demineralization inhibitors.
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TINLING, S. P., R. T. GIBERSON, and R. S. KULLAR. "Microwave exposure increases bone demineralization rate independent of temperature." Journal of Microscopy 215, no. 3 (September 2004): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01382.x.

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Sabel, N., A. Robertson, S. Nietzsche, and J. G. Norén. "Demineralization of Enamel in Primary Second Molars Related to Properties of the Enamel." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/587254.

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Enamel structure is of importance in demineralization. Differences in porosity in enamel effect the rate of demineralization, seen between permanent and deciduous teeth. Individual differences have been shown in the mean mineral concentration values in enamel, the role of this in demineralization is not thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to study variations of depths of artificial lesions of demineralization and to analyze the depth in relation to variations in the chemical and mineral composition of the enamel. A demineralized lesion was created in second primary molars from 18 individuals. Depths of lesions were then related to individual chemical content of the enamel. Enamel responded to demineralization with different lesion depths and this was correlated to the chemical composition. The carbon content in sound enamel was shown to be higher where lesions developed deeper. The lesion was deeper when the degree of porosity of the enamel was higher.
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Özok, A. R., M. K. Wu, J. M. Ten Cate, and P. R. Wesselink. "Effect of Dentinal Fluid Composition on Dentin Demineralization in vitro." Journal of Dental Research 83, no. 11 (November 2004): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408301105.

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Dentin demineralization is reduced by perfusion with water. We hypothesized that a simulated dentinal fluid (SDF) that contains albumin, in addition to electrolytes, would be more effective in reducing dentin demineralization than water alone, and this effect would increase with increasing flow rate of SDF. Perfusion rate in tooth segments that carried buccal cervical dentin windows was measured in a fluid transport set-up. These windows were then demineralized under perfusion with water, or SDF at 1.47 kPa for 31 days. We analyzed integrated mineral loss and lesion depth with the use of transverse microradiography (TMR), which revealed that 38% more mineral dissolved from dentin lesions perfused with water than from those perfused with SDF. The former were also 18% deeper. Flow rate of dentinal fluid showed no correlation with demineralization. We concluded that composition of dentinal fluid is an important determinant of the rate of lesion formation and progression in dentin.
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Raya, Indah, Erna Mayasari, Afdaliah Yahya, Muhammad Syahrul, and Andi Ilham Latunra. "Shynthesis and Characterizations of Calcium Hydroxyapatite Derived from Crabs Shells (Portunus pelagicus) and Its Potency in Safeguard against to Dental Demineralizations." International Journal of Biomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/469176.

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Crab’s shells of Portunus pelagicus species were used as raw materials for synthesis of hydroxyapatite were used for protection against demineralization of teeth. Calcination was conducted to crab’s shells of Portunus pelagicus at temperature of 1000°C for 5 hours. The results of calcination was reacted with (NH4)2HPO4, then dried at 110°C for 5 hours. Sintering was conducted to results of precipitated dried with temperature variations 400–1000°C for a hour each variation of temperature then characterized by X-ray diffractometer and FTIR in order to obtain the optimum formation temperature of hydroxyapatite is 800°C. The hydroxyapatite is then tested its effectiveness in protection against tooth demineralization using acetate buffer pH 5.0 with 1 M acetic acid concentration with the addition of hydroxyapatite and time variation of immersion. The results showed that the rate of tooth demineralization in acetate buffer decreased significantly with the provision of hydroxyapatite into a solution where the addition of the magnitude of hydroxyapatite is greater decrease in the rate of tooth demineralization.
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Elliott, J. C., F. R. G. Bollet-Quivogne, P. Anderson, S. E. P. Dowker, R. M. Wilson, and G. R. Davis. "Acidic demineralization of apatites studied by scanning X-ray microradiography and microtomography." Mineralogical Magazine 69, no. 5 (October 2005): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461056950276.

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AbstractThe mineral in bones and teeth is an impure form of hydroxylapatite (HAP), the principal impurity being 2—5 wt.% carbonate. This mineral dissolves during remodelling of bone and also in dental caries as a result of the action of acids produced by osteoclasts and by bacteria, respectively. In enamel, demineralization proceeds with preferential loss of carbonate relative to phosphate. Surprisingly, in the early stages, the demineralization is subsurface. In order to facilitate the understanding of physical chemical aspects of these processes, we have undertaken studies of demineralization in model systems. We give three examples here. The first two used scanning microradiography in which the specimen is stepped across a 10—30 μm diameter X-ray beam. Intensity measurements allow calculation of the mineral mass per unit area in the X-ray path through the specimen. In the first experiment, porous HAP sections were separated from a reservoir of acidic buffer by a column initially filled with water (the diffusion length) and scanned with the X-ray beam perpendicular to the axis of the diffusion length. The rate of total loss of mineral along each profile was calculated from the scans. The rate of demineralization fell as the diffusion length increased. We believe the explanation is that the rate-controlling step is the diffusion of dissolved HAP away from the solid to the buffer reservoir. In the second experiment, demineralizing solution and water were pumped alternately, for equal lengths of time, past blocks of porous HAP or enamel. The X-ray beam was perpendicular to the exposed surface. As the rate of switching between solutions decreased, the mean rate of demineralization also fell. We propose that this effect is due to retention of acid in the pores of the HAP during the time when water flows, allowing further demineralization to take place during this time. The third study used X-ray microtomography, a form of 3D microscopy, to study the loss of mineral in compacted carbonate apatite powders. The powders were packed in six 10 mm internal diameter acrylic cylinders to a depth of 4 mm (after pressing). One end was covered with a porous polyethylene disc and each tube placed in acidic buffer for 70 days. Periodic examination by microtomography showed the development of subsurface demineralization. Infrared spectroscopy of the dissected-out surface layers showed preferential loss of carbonate over phosphate by comparison with deeper layers. Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data showed changes in the crystallographic structures of the apatites between the initial and dissected-out apatite.
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Özok, A. R., M. K. Wu, J. M. ten Cate, and P. R. Wesselink. "Effect of Perfusion with Water on Demineralization of Human Dentin in vitro." Journal of Dental Research 81, no. 11 (November 2002): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0810733.

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Dentinal fluid rarely features in caries studies of dentin. The mutual effects of in vitro perfusion and dentin demineralization were investigated. The correlation between the remaining dentin thickness and demineralization was also analyzed. Buccal cervical dentin windows in human tooth segments were demineralized either with or without perfusion with water at 3.14 kPa. Transverse microradiography revealed that dentin perfusion reduced the amount of mineral loss from the lesions by 22vol%; the reduction in lesion depth was 8%. Perfusion rate, which was measured throughout the demineralization process by means of a fluid transport model, did not change significantly. Lesions formed closer to the pulp exhibited increased mineral loss and lesion depth. In conclusion, dentinal fluid flow offers some protection against demineralization. For a better approximation of clinical reality, therefore, in vitro studies on dentinal caries should consider the effect of dentinal fluid flow.
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Li, Yan, Baojuan Deng, Yajun Hou, Shanshan Wang, Fanyan Zeng, Yadan Luo, Jiayan Ge, and Shuangquan Yao. "Dissolution kinetics of calcium ions in hydrothermal demineralization of eucalyptus." BioResources 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 2849–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.2849-2863.

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Alkali and alkali earth metals (AAEM) can be removed from lignocellulosic biomass via a new demineralization process constituting hydrothermal treatment. The dissolution mechanism of AAEM in different demineralization processes has not been extensively studied. This study employed calcium as a representative of the AAEM group, and changes in the concentration of calcium ions during the hydrothermal demineralization of eucalyptus wood were studied. The dissolution kinetics were modelled using Fick’s second law. The effects of the reaction temperature, hydrolysate pH, and holding time on the dissolution rate of calcium ions were investigated. The kinetic equation for calcium ion dissolution was expressed as ln(1.9532e0.0077T/1.9532e0.0077T-C) = (0.4257P-0.2142e-10622.1/8.314T)t + ln(1.9532e0.0077T/1.056×10-8T3.5263p0.4449). The activation energy of the reaction was 10.62 kJ/mol. The linear regression coefficient (R2) of the predicted and experimental values was 0.9879, which implied high precision of the kinetic model. The results showed that the calcium ions underwent rapid internal diffusion and dissolution during hydrothermal demineralization. The study provides theoretical support for the efficient removal of alkali earth metals via hydrothermal demineralization.
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Patil, Shruti, Mallikarjun Goud, and Girija Sajjan. "Effect of Short-term Fluoride Release from Various Restorative Cements on Enamel Demineralization: An in vitro Study." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 1, no. 1 (2011): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1005.

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ABSTRACT Purpose Fluorides are probably the most commonly used anticaries agents. Due to this property they are incorporated into various restorative materials. The rate and amount of fluoride release, however, vary for different materials, which in turn determines the effectiveness of the restorative material in preventing demineralization around the restoration. To evaluate the fluoride release and area of demineralization of resin modified glass ionomers and compomers, and compare them with conventional glass ionomer cement and also to evaluate the relationship between the fluoride release and demineralization. Materials and methods A total of 32 human incisors were chosen and sectioned horizontally at CEJ, and the middle 2 mm of facial enamel isolated and restored with the test materials: Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), compomer and resin composite. The specimens were observed under polarized light microscope with image analyzer to measure the area and depth of demineralization. For fluoride release study, disks of test materials were suspended in deionized water and fluoride release was measured till a period of 4 days. Results The area and depth of demineralization were least around the GIC, followed by RMGIC, compomer and composite (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between fluoride release and demineralization which was, however, not statistically significant. Conclusion The 4-day fluoride release was also higher for GIC as compared to RMGIC and Compomer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Demineralization rate"

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Abarkan, Ahmed. "Dialyse verte : comment recycler le rejet de la boucle d’osmose inverse du circuit de préparation de l’eau ultrapure pour les séances d’hémodialyse ?" Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2668.

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La rareté de l'eau est un problème majeur, même en Europe avec les changements climatiques. L'hémodialyse (ou rein artificiel) est une thérapie dont l'impact économique et écologique est élevé, notamment en ce qui concerne la consommation d'eau. Le rejet du système d'osmose inverse (OI) de la boucle de traitement de l'eau est d'environ 250 litres par séance de dialyse. Cette eau légèrement salée est généralement gaspillée. D'après la littérature, très peu de solutions sont proposées pour recycler les effluents hydriques des centres de dialyse. Nous avons donc réalisé une enquête auprès des personnels de centres de dialyse en France et au Maroc, pour recueillir des informations qualitatives et quantitatives sur les consommations d'eau, ainsi que des idées de recyclage. L'enquête nous a appris qu'il était aussi nécessaire de bien clarifier les règlementations applicables pour assainir ou réutiliser ces rejets OI, ce qui a fait l'objet d'un chapitre particulier. D'après les analyses physicochimiques des rejets OI du centre de dialyse de la polyclinique Saint Côme, nous avons constaté que l'augmentation de la salinité est due à des concentrations importantes de sodium, nitrate, sulfate et chlorure. Après avoir comparé les avantages et les inconvénients des techniques de dessalement de l'eau de mer, nous avons choisi d'étudier l'électrodialyse qui semble le meilleur compromis entre efficacité et consommation énergétique. Nous avons tout d'abord appliqué cette technique à l'échelle du laboratoire sur une solution modèle de NaCl. Un plan d'expérience nous a permis de déterminer l'effet des paramètres opératoires principaux (voltage, concentration et débit) sur le taux de déminéralisation et la consommation énergétique spécifique. Ensuite, nous avons appliqué les conditions opératoires optimales pour traiter les rejets OI prélevés sur le centre de dialyse. Les analyses physicochimiques sur le diluat au long du process par électrodialyse ont confirmé que cette technique est un bon choix pour atteindre les compositions fixées par les normes ou recommandations pour réutiliser l'eau traitée pour l'arrosage des espaces verts, le lavage des instruments chirurgicaux avant stérilisation ou les piscines de rééducation
Water scarcity is a major problem, even in Europe with climate change. Hemodialysis (or artificial kidney) is a therapy with a high economic and ecological impact, especially with regard to water consumption. The reject from the reverse osmosis (RO) system in the water treatment loop is approximately 250 liters per dialysis session. This slightly salty water is usually wasted. According to the literature, very few solutions are proposed to recycle water effluents from dialysis centers. We therefore conducted a survey among dialysis center staff in France and Morocco, to collect qualitative and quantitative information on water consumption, as well as recycling ideas. The survey revealed that it was also necessary to clarify the applicable regulations for cleaning up or reusing these RO rejects, which was the subject of a special chapter. From the physicochemical analyses of the RO rejects from the dialysis center of the polyclinic Saint Come, we found that the increase in salinity is due to significant concentrations of sodium, nitrate, sulfate and chloride. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of seawater desalination techniques, we chose to study electrodialysis which seems to be the best compromise between efficiency and energy consumption. We first applied this technique at the laboratory scale on a model NaCl solution. An experimental design allowed us to determine the effect of the main operating parameters (voltage, concentration and flow rate) on the demineralization rate and the specific energy consumption. Then, we applied the optimal operating conditions to treat the RO rejects taken from the dialysis center. The physicochemical analyses on the dilute along the electrodialysis process confirmed that this technique is a good choice to reach the compositions fixed by the standards or recommendations to reuse the treated water for watering green areas, washing surgical instruments before sterilization or rehabilitation pools
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Books on the topic "Demineralization rate"

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Prevent and cure disuse bone loss: Final technical report, March 1990-February 1994. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Demineralization rate"

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Rusu, Laura-Cristina, Alexandra Roi, Ciprian-Ioan Roi, Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu, and Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean. "The Influence of Salivary pH on the Prevalence of Dental Caries." In Dentistry. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106154.

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Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic oral disease, influencing the oral and systemic health of the individuals, being the result of the interaction of multiple factors, such as microbial agents, the oral environment, the salivary pH, and the host response. The main process that occurs in dental caries is the demineralization of the tooth enamel, process that is directly influenced by the salivary pH, exposing the dental structures to the action of pathological agents. The role of saliva in the etiology of dental caries is a major one, by influencing the homeostasis through the altering of its buffer capacity. The properties of saliva are influenced either by local pathogens or through a general mechanism with direct implications upon the salivary components. The alteration of the salivary pH, flow rate, and composition will further have repercussions upon the cariogenic activity, through a change of its physiochemical properties. Nevertheless, the salivary pH is strongly linked to the incidence of dental caries, any persistent imbalance due to various causes can be assessed as an indicator of the oral health status.
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Kidd, Edwina, and Ole Fejerskov. "Caries control for the patients with active lesions." In Essentials of Dental Caries. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738268.003.0009.

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Chapter 4 described caries control measures for everybody, a whole population approach. The emphasis was on oral hygiene, regularly disturbing the biofilm with fluoride toothpaste. The mode of action of fluoride was discussed in some detail to show that this therapeutic agent acts topically to interfere with the deand remineralizing processes and delaying lesion development. The relevance of minimizing sugar intake was discussed. The metabolism of sugar, by microorganisms in the biofilm, creates the acidic environment for demineralization. However, what more should be done for those presenting with active lesions? This chapter will consider how to find out why these patients are developing lesions. The chapter will then explore further oral hygiene measures that might be useful. It will question how fluoride might be boosted and their diet modified. Specific groups, such as babies and young children, those with erupting teeth, patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and patients with dry mouths will be individually discussed. Finally, a section will discuss the difficulties of advising carers on helping those who can no longer care for themselves, either though illness, disability, old age, or dementia. The caries activity of any patient, child, or adult, is assessed at the first visit of the patient by noting how many lesions judged as active are present (both cavitated and non-cavitated) and where they are located (see Chapter 3). Please note, this assessment is mainly based on clinical assessment. Some companies produce a battery of chairside salivary tests, such as microbiological counts of specific microorganisms, but these are not needed. If the patient is coming for a regular check-up, a history of recent caries activity is available (number of lesions and fillings over the last 1–3 years). This information is most valuable. A yearly increment of one or more lesions detected clinically, would indicate a high rate of lesion formation and progression. Once a dentist has assessed an individual patient’s caries activity as high, an attempt should be made to identify the relevant risk factors for this patient. It is possible to interfere with and modify many of these factors, and thus arrest ongoing active lesions, or slow down the disease activity and diminish the rate of progression.
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Conference papers on the topic "Demineralization rate"

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Zhan, Zhenlin, Wenqing Guo, Haishan Liu, Xianzeng Zhang, and Shusen Xie. "Evaluation of human dentine demineralization of yellow race by Raman spectra." In Photonics Asia, edited by Qingming Luo, Ying Gu, and Xingde D. Li. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.999399.

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Zhan, Zhenlin, Chuanguo Chen, Xuwei Li, Xianzeng Zhang, and Shusen Xie. "Assessment of dental demineralization of yellow race based on fluorescence spectrum." In SPIE/COS Photonics Asia, edited by Qingming Luo, Xingde Li, Ying Gu, and Yuguo Tang. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2070811.

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Jordan, Lawrence M., Frank A. DiBianca, Jeno I. Sebes, Donald B. Thomason, Herbert D. Zeman, Peter G. Davis, Dona Kambeyanda, Gao Li, and Gunnar Lovhoiden. "Detection of demineralization in rat legs using multiple-angle x-ray bone densitometry." In OE/LASE '94, edited by Leonard J. Cerullo, Kenneth S. Heiferman, Hong Liu, Halina Podbielska, Abund O. Wist, and Lucia J. Zamorano. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.176567.

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Olesiak, Sara E., Matthew Sponheimer, and Virginia L. Ferguson. "Preservation of Human Bone Remains at Joya De Cerèn." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176651.

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Bone, a key part of the paleontological and archeological records, can provide insight into the biology, ecology and the environment of ancient vertebrates. Bone is a composite material in which the nanomechanical properties are dependent on the local organic content, mineral content, and microstructural organization. However it is unclear as to how these properties are affected by burial, environmental influences, temperature, or time. The acidity of volcanic soils causes resorption of the bone mineral and may result in demineralization of the bone. As such, very few bone remains are found in volcanic soils and this rare sample can provide insight into the preservation under such extreme conditions. While the effects of volcanic soils on bone are unknown, exposure to hostile environmental conditions increases the potential for dramatic alteration of the mechanical behavior. In this study, a human long bone from around 600 A.D. and a modern human femur were studied using nanoindentation. Testing, performed in both longitudinal and transverse directions, revealed preservation of bone’s natural anisotropy. Additionally, the preserved bone’s lower modulus values suggest the dissolution of bone mineral.
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