To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Deming cycle.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Deming cycle'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Deming cycle.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Månström, Anders, and Magnus Lindbäck. "Projektimplementering : En processorientering för att identifiera kritiska framgångsfaktorer vid implementering av projekt." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8890.
Full textAbstract:
Sammandrag
Denna studie tar upp problematiken vid införande av administrativa stödprojekt vid Uppsala universitet, främst hur motstånd till förändring kan motverkas. Problemet definieras genom frågan: Hur kan Uppsala universitet effektivisera implementeringen av administrativa stödprojekt? Syftet med denna studie är att lyfta fram kritiska framgångsfaktorer vid genomförandet av projekt. Färdigimplementerade administrativa stödprojekt studerades genom personliga intervjuer med projektansvariga och administratörer på institutioner. Upptäckterna analyserades med hjälp av en processorienterad teori baserad på Demingcykeln. Erfarenheterna utkristalliserades till konkreta riktlinjer och råd för framtida projektimplementeringar vid Uppsala universitet. Den främsta riktlinjen var att i större utsträckning informera och motivera de som kommer att påverkas av projektet.
2
Julie, Philip. "Autoverification| Current usage in southern California and an example implementation using quality tools and the Deming PDSA Cycle." Thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1525508.
Full textAbstract:
Clinical laboratories are facing increasing challenges to provide accurate and timely test results. In order to improve the quality and turnaround time of laboratory results, improvement opportunities should be sought in all phases of laboratory testing. This thesis demonstrates the applicability of quality tools within the Deming Plan, Do, Study, and Act cycle to the implementation of autoverification.
Autoverification is a post-analytical laboratory process improvement tool, which uses computer algorithms to allow qualifying test results to pass directly from automated instruments to the patient's medical record without intervention by a laboratory technologist. This can result in significant time-savings, improved turnaround time, and improved consistency in result handling. This thesis investigates the current status of autoverification in Southern California hospitals and the perceived barriers to the use of this process. The experience of a 350-bed community hospital is presented as an example to assist other laboratories in overcoming these barriers.
3
Villafuerte, Hugo, Gino Viacava, and Carlos Raymundo. "Continuous improvement model for inventory planning applying MRP II in small and medium sized enterprises." Springer Verlag, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656139.
Full textAbstract:
El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Planning of resources is a powerful tool in the field of supply chain management and control and in general. Global large-scale companies and enterprises have this implemented in their planning processes. Today, experts in the subject have found issues regarding the implementation of such tools in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, this paper aims to develop an application for the methodology of continual improvement of processes, referred to as the Deming cycle or Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA), which adapts to continuous improvements of processes and products in SMEs. The methodology was modeled in a SME dedicated to manufacture and distribution of wine and products (wine and Pisco). The model was simulated through a simulation software, obtaining results of improvement regarding problems like break of stock, taking into account the satisfaction of the client, productivity in the delivery, and shipment time.
4
Isidorsson, Gustav. "Ethics Affecting Business : -Improving Ethical Performance." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-14352.
Full textAbstract:
Ethics as a subject is investigated in this paper and in particular how ethics can be analyzed in different organizations. The paper investigates how the generic ethical performance (EPE) evaluation model can help organizations to evaluate their ethical performance. The base for the empirical material is collected through qualitative interviews with staff on four different international organizations. The results proclaim that the EPE model can help organizations to narrow down focus and to categorize results, which help organizations to analyze ethical behavior. If the EPE model is complemented with an improvement model (the Deming cycle) an ethical improvement model is created. Conclusions are that evaluating ethical performance is not simple and the results can be ambiguous. The EPE model should be seen as a tool in generic cases and not as the only way of evaluating ethics. If ethics is processed according to the Deming cycle small steps of continuous improvement should help organizations to improve ethical performance. The more you study something the more you realize the complexity of it. Opening doors to new knowledge is like finding yourself in a labyrinth. Some ways are leading to dead ends and sometime you get lost. But when you have been walking in the labyrinth for a while you tend to recognize how the different paths are connected and a web is revealed. This study reveals a gap between theoretical knowledge and knowledge about how to implement and use theories of ethics in “real life” situations. The paper ends with ideas for future possible research, the Ethical Improvement Model (EIM) created in this paper is brought forward as a suggestion.
5
Cousson, Pierre-Yves. "Développement d'une démarche d'évaluation des pratiques en endodontie." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF1DD01/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail décrit la mise en oeuvre d’une démarche d’évaluation des pratiquesprofessionnelles mise en place dans le service d’odontologie du CHU de Clermont-Ferrandafin de définir la qualité et le résultat des traitements endodontiques. Un cycle de Deming, oucycle Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) a été appliqué dans l’objectif de rechercher les facteursinfluençant la qualité et le résultat des traitements endodontiques, et de proposer lesaméliorations susceptibles d’assurer un meilleur service au patient. La phase Plan d’un cyclePDCA est la phase d’évaluation des pratiques. Elle se déroule en 6 étapes. Au cours de l’étape1, la pratique idéale pour la procédure a été évaluée, en référence aux recommandationsacadémiques. L’étape 2 a consisté au choix d’indicateurs permettant d’évaluer la proportionde traitements endodontiques adéquats et le résultat du traitement endodontique. Au cours del’étape 3, la qualité et le résultat des traitements endodontiques réalisés dans le serviced’odontologie de Clermont-Ferrand ont été évalués à l’aide des indicateurs définis à l’étape 2.Les facteurs influençant la qualité et le résultat ont également été recherchés. Au terme del’évaluation, deux actions d’amélioration ont été proposées. Il s’agit d’une part de la mise enplace d’un arbre décisionnel des procédures du traitement, prenant en compte le type de dent,l’état pulpaire, et la difficulté prévisible du ou des canaux et d’autre part de l’organisation durappel systématique des patients et de la gestion des traitements en échec. Au CHU deClermont-Ferrand, la procédure d’amélioration des pratiques se poursuit par la mise en placede ces actions dans le contexte de la phase « Do » du cycle PDCAObjectives: Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycles are a methodology used to improveprofessional practices. This study presents the Plan phase that identifies and analyses clinical practicesin endodontics in a university dental hospital service.Methods: The plan phase was divided into six steps. Step 1 identified the quality and the outcome ofEndodontic Treatment (RCT) as the targeted procedure for PDCA referring to academic guidelines. InStep 2, an evidence based approach indicated the use of the proportions of RCTs with adequate qualityand the proportions of RCTs that were effective in the PDCA approach. Step 3 evaluated RCTs duringthree consecutive years. Step 4 compared the results from Step 3 with data from the literature. Step 5identified the factors acting on the quality and the outcome of RCTs. Step 6 proposed actions supposedto improve RCTs. Steps 1 to 5 were conducted by three PDCA managers, and the staff of teachers inendodontics was enrolled for consensual decisions in Step 6.Results: Step 3 reported that the proportion of RCTs with adequate quality reached 57.1% and thisproportion was significantly decreased when specific indicators for treatment difficulties were present.The proportion of successful RCTs after one year was 65.6% and its variation was influenced by thepreoperative periapical status, but not by the quality of RCTs. The consensual meeting in Step 6proposed five procedures to be implemented for the further Do phase of PDCA cycle.Conclusion: This study encourages systematic evaluation of RCTs in private and hospital practices
6
Smutný, Zdeněk. "Metoda pro výběr portfolia nástrojů pro online marketingové aktivity a podporu jejich řízení." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-204907.
Full textAbstract:
Online marketing activities play an increasingly important role for organization in connection with the development of internet based technologies and their positive reception by the society. The aim of this dissertation is to design an artefact that would support the decision making of marketing specialists and thus the management of online marketing activities. The starting point is an explorative research among Czech companies, which identifies the issues felt as problematic and the needs of the selected set of organizations. Introduced at the same time is the current state of use of selected tools for online marketing by these organizations, and the situation is compared with worldwide development. The output of this explorative research, the examination of scientific literature, and a critical analysis serve as a basis for designing an own method, Genoma, whose purpose is to support the decision making of marketing specialists, and thereby also the management of marketing activities in internet-mediated environment. This method is presented as Deming (PDCA) cycle, which enables it to be used not only separately, but also as part of other frameworks for the management of marketing activities (e.g. the frameworks PMF, MCPF and RACE, which are presented in the dissertation). The Genoma method uses mainly the genetic algorithm for selecting a suitable portfolio of online marketing tools for a particular campaign. The selection is made on the basis of expected feedback at the level of social interaction, meeting the given marketing targets, and the financial demands of the individual tools. The prerequisite of using this method is a knowledge base that includes the area of sociotechnical interaction, which is based on interpreting phenomena related to the internet-mediated environment and the features of complex networks. Methodically, this dissertation builds on the complementary relationship of the behavioural (social informatics) and the design type of research (design science research). The final assessment of the suitability of the proposed method is done on the basis of a multiple case study, which uses also an own program created in C#, implementing the genetic algorithm used in the Genoma method.
7
Hussein, Siti Almafahaza. "Business and Real Estate Cycles The Kuala Lumpur Office Market." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-77472.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to apply the concept of business cycle and real estate cycle in term of their characteristics, period and sequence of the cycle to the Kuala Lumpur’s office market. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on previous literature review, facts, reports, and data in arriving at the conclusion of the study. Findings - This paper revealed the characteristics, period and sequence between business and real estate cycles to Kuala Lumpur’s office market. Research limitation/ Implications - The framework and flows of this paper act as an introduction for the paper. Lacks of literature and attention on the business and real estate cycles in Kuala Lumpur’s have created difficulties to gains information and data on this paper. Practical implications - This paper is important for the students, government and policy maker in order to further a research and develop a foundation for business and real estate cycles in Kuala Lumpur.
8
Mericle, David. "Income Risk and Aggregate Demand over the Business Cycle." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10216.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation consists of three essays on income risk and aggregate demand over the business cycle, each addressing an aspect of the Great Recession. The first chapter reframes the standard liquidity trap model to illustrate the costly feedback loop between idiosyncratic risk and aggregate demand. I first show that a liquidity trap can result from excess demand for precautionary savings in times of high uncertainty. Second, I show that the output and welfare costs of the ensuing recession depend crucially on how the drop in demand for output is translated into a reduction in demand for labor. Increased unemployment risk compounds the original rise in idiosyncratic productivity risk and reinforces precautionary motives, deepening the recession. Third, I show that increasing social insurance can raise output and welfare at the zero bound. I decompose these effects to distinguish the component unique to the liquidity trap environment and show that social insurance is most effective at the zero bound when it targets the type of idiosyncratic risk households face, which in turns depends on the labor market adjustment mechanism. The second paper offers a novel model of the connection between the consumer credit and home mortgage markets through an individual’s credit history. This paper introduces a novel justification for the home mortgage interest deduction. In an economy with both housing assets and consumer credit, the mortgage interest deduction is modeled as a subsidy for the accumulation of collateralizable assets by households who have maintained good credit. As such, the subsidy loosens participation constraints and facilitates risk-sharing. Empirical evidence and a calibration exercise reveal that the subsidy has a sizable
impact on the availability of credit. The third paper assesses the role of policy uncertainty in the Great Recession. The Great Recession features substantial geographic variation in employment losses, a fact that is often presented as a challenge to uncertainty-based models of the downturn. In this paper we show that there is a substantial correlation between the distribution of employment losses and the increases in local measures of both economic and policy uncertainty. This relationship is robust across a wide range of measures.Economics
9
Bonnefoi, Tatiana (Bonnefoi Monroy). "Demand forecast for short life cycle products : Zara case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74454.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80).
The problem of optimally purchasing new products is common to many companies and industries. This thesis describes how this challenge was addressed at Zara, a leading retailer in the "fast fashion" industry. This thesis discusses the development of a methodology to optimize the purchasing process for seasonal, short life-cycle articles. The methodology includes a process to develop a point forecast of demand of new articles, the top-down forecast at the color and size level and an optimization module to produce recommendations to define the optimal quantity to purchase and the optimal origin to source from. This thesis is the first phase of a two phases purchasing optimization process. The focus of this thesis is: a) the outline of an enhanced purchasing methodology b) the development of the most important input in the system: a point forecast of demand at the article, color, and size level, and c) the development of an IT prototype to automatically manage the purchasing methodology. The second phase of the purchasing optimization process focuses on the optimization module. The optimization module is beyond the reach of this thesis.
by Tatiana Bonnefoi.
M.B.A.
S.M.
10
Takenaga, Eugene T. "Initial purchase of short-term life cycle products with uncertain demand." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33372.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 57).
Targus, a consumer products distributor of laptop cases and accessories, lacks formal processes for deciding on initial purchases of short-term life cycle products with uncertain demand. This thesis reviews the current processes for the initial purchases and determines where the Company can reduce inventory risks related to the initial purchase. The research and analysis has three aspects: interviews of eight Targus managers was used to understand current initial purchases practice, a sample of initial purchase data was selected to analyze forecast errors and life cycle management, and the newsvendor problem was applied to the data sample to determine the optimal purchase which was then compared to Targus' purchases. It was found that Targus has a tendency to under-purchase items for the initial purchase and does not establish potential profitability of products prior to introduction. This thesis recommends the Company to incorporate a newsvendor approach as a basis to benchmark its initial purchases for the initial product introduction process.
by Eugene T. Takenaga.
M.Eng.in Logistics
11
Ahmed, Shadman. "Phase-Out Demand Forecasting : Predictive modeling on forecasting product life cycle." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287446.
Full textAbstract:
The phase-out stage in a product life cycle can face unpredictable demand. Accurate forecast of the phase-out demand can help supply chain managers to control the number of obsolete inventories. Consequently, having a positive effect in terms of resources and lower scrap costs. In this thesis, we investigated if data-driven forecasting models could improve the accuracy of forecasting the phase-out stage when compared with domain experts. Since the space of available models is vast, a set of 11 best performing models according to literature were investigated. Furthermore, a thorough model selection based on performance suggested that the following three models were best suited to our dataset: Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). The final results showed that none of the models were able to improve the forecast accuracy overall. However, SVR displayed good performance close to the domain experts’ estimates across 14 unique products through variation of analysis. In addition to the comparative study, this study showed that using less data improved the models’ performances. Only 60% of the training data seemed optimal for ARIMA and GPR, while SVR had a good performance with only 80% of data. We present the results along with further research questions to be explored in this domain.Utfasningen i en produktlivscykel kan kännetecknas vara oförutsägbart. En noggrann prognos av stadiet kan ge värdefull insikt såsom att begränsa antalet utgångna inventeringar och om produktens efterfrågan. Detta kan ge positiv ekonomisk effekt samt spara resurser. I denna studie jämförde vi med domän experter om data drivna prognosmodeller kunde förbättra estimeringen av efterfrågan inom utfasningen i en produktlivscykel. På grund av att tillgängligheten av prognosmodeller är omfattande, ett antal modeller studerades som visat bäst resultat i olika studier. Efter en nogrann urval av 11 olika modeller som visade bäst prestanda, användes följande 3 modeller för den senare delen av studien: Autoregressiv Integrerad Glidande Medelvärde (ARIMA), Stödvektor Regression (SVR) och Gaussisk Process Regression (GPR). Resultat visade att ingen av modellerna kunde generellt förbättra prognoserna, dock visade SVR signifikant liknande prognosfel som planestimeringarna från domän experter för 14 unika produkter. Dessutom visades sig att en minskning av data förbättrade prestandan hos modellerna. Där endast 60% av träningsdatat tycktes vara optimalt för ARIMA och GPR medan SVR med 80%. Vi presenterar resultaten ihop med ytterligare frågor som undersöktes inom detta område.
12
Hassler, John A. A. (John Aake Arne). "Effects of variations in risk on demand and measures of business cycle comovements : three essays about the business cycle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11970.
Full text
13
Huang, Shuo. "Growth, unemployment, and business cycle integration : empirical evidence from China." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5673.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to study the macroeconomic performance of China. China has been experiencing rapid economic growth and it has been changing gradually from a planned to a market economy since it initiated the well known “open door policy” combined with a “coastal development strategy” in 1978. However, rapid growth has occurred on the background of increasing regional disparity. Meanwhile, unemployment has increased significantly during last two decades, and has become one of the most pressing problems of the Chinese economy today. Moreover, another major challenge facing the Chinese economy is how to deal with various shocks, and to ensure the sustainability and balance of economic growth in the face of the increasing economic uncertainties associated with its deep reform and integration into the world trade and financial system. Based on the above concerns and literature review, this study, firstly, uses an augmented Solow-Swan model of Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) to assess the role FDI plays in underlying regional differences in economic growth across Chinese provinces over the reform period 1978-2008. My analysis indicates that the augmented Solow growth model appears to provide a good description of regional growth patterns in China over the period 1978-2008 and the data display conditional convergence. After controlling for FDI and other determinants of growth, provinces that were initially poor tend to grow faster and the evidence in favour of conditional convergence becomes even stronger after splitting the data into subsamples. I then focus on the study of the relationship between unemployment and growth at both national level and regional level in order to find out how unemployment affects China’s economic growth and economic reform progress overall. I find that Okun’s relationship does not hold in China universally and, furthermore, the nature of the observed relationship has changed during the transition progress. I argue that there are hump shaped relationships both between growth and unemployment and between the speed of transition and unemployment in China. The results are consistent with several theoretical and empirical studies in the literature. Finally, structural VAR methodology pioneered by Bayoumi and Eichengreen (1993) is used to identify and decompose supply and demand shocks to two variables, (the log of) output (annual real GDP) and (the log of) prices (annual GDP deflator). I then compute and discuss the correlation of such shocks across provinces and show how it has evolved over the four main sub-periods of China’s history. Moreover, I investigate which factors contribute to economic integration or divergence in the Chinese economy.
14
Uzunogullari, Deniz Ece. "Assessing Vegetable Demand of the City of Toledo Using Life Cycle Assessment." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1524605236717113.
Full text
15
Hindle, Robert Dennis. "The business cycle, demand for construction and appropriate selling methods for contractors." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/32016.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a record of research into two distinct areas that are brought together to test the primary hypothesis. These two areas are; the general business cycle and its effects of the performance of construction companies and the methods by which general contractors in the building industry, are able to market and sell their services or products. In part one, it is shown that there is a relationship between the business cycle and the demand for construction. The latter expands and contracts in sympathy with the cycle. The effects of the changes in the level of demand for buildings are analyzed and fully described, resulting in a model· which can be used to determine the sequence of effects for each phase of the business cycles. In part two, the methods by which contractors are selected and sell their service or product are analyzed and compared. The usage of each system is measured and it is found that change has occurred, the reasons for such change are investigated in order to gain an insight into potential future developments. This has been done in a way that is intended to strip the subject of it's mystique and confusion of terminology by the application of basic economic and marketing principles. New and improved terminology is suggested. The findings show that construction contractors can choose from a variety of 'selling systems'. These systems will provide competitive advantage to those who are able to predict the likely turning points of the business cycle and use those 'selling systems' that are appropriate to specific stages of the business cycle. The research was conducted by finding, analyzing and interpreting various time series data, by surveying architects quantity surveyors and contractors for facts and figures that were not available elsewhere, and by conducting a through survey of published books, articles and research papers.
16
He, Zhaochen. "On the Existence of a Behavioral Component to the Business Cycle." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104387.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Donald CoxThis dissertation consists of two essays which address the origins of the business cycle. In particular, it asks: to what extent do behavioral or psychological effects, famously termed "animal spirits" by John Maynard Keynes, contribute to the amplification of business cycle fluctuations. The first essay, titled "The Labor Market Effects of Bad Economic News", examines the effects of economically pessimistic newspaper articles on hiring and employment patterns. Combining information on newspaper subscriptions with automated content analysis of newspaper articles, the paper reconstructs the flow of pessimistic news across the United States during the past recession on a county-by-county, quarter-by-quarter basis. This high resolution map of pessimistic news delivery is then used to estimate the causal impact of media pessimism on labor market outcomes. Exposure to negative news is found to suppress hiring and total employment during the early stages of the recession by up to 40% compared to pre-recession levels; overall, media pessimism can account for some 7% of jobs lost between 2007 and 2010. Further analysis of Google search data suggests that this contractionary effect is mediated by changes in public attitude caused by exposure to pessimistic stories in the media. Importantly, this study considers only articles which report negative news about the state of the national economy, rather than stories which focus on local events. It argues that the prevalence of such news stories affects local labor market conditions, but is unlikely to be affected by such conditions. This approach helps to address the simultaneity issues which have dogged previous research on the topic. The second essay, titled "Uncertainty and Risk Averse Firms in DSGE" a develops theoretical framework to rationalize the previous paper's empirical results. This paper solves a simple general equilibrium model in which firms are risk averse over future profits in a manner analogous to household risk aversion. It shows that response to increased economic uncertainty - particularly uncertainty with regards to future consumer demand, economies with risk averse firms are likely to undergo a business cycle contraction. This result also addresses a long standing problem in the RBC literature; namely, how to generate a contraction with a Keynesian demand side shock. In most models with risk averse utility-maximizing households, a reduction in aggregate demand due to consumer-side changes is expansionary. The paper argues that by introducing firm-side risk aversion into the model, this counter-intuitive behavior can be corrected in a realistic and parsimonious manner
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
17
Feng, Wenlan. "Modelling market demand and manufacturing response using genetic algorithms." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361094.
Full text
18
Crouch, Viv, and Anna Goldstein. "A HIGH-DEMAND TELEMETRY SYSTEM THAT MAXIMISES FUTURE EXPANSION AT MINIMUM LIFE-CYCLE COST." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608556.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThe Aircraft Research and Development Unit (ARDU) of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the only agency in Australia that performs the full spectrum of military flight testing and is the new custodian of the instrumented weapons range at Woomera. Receiving early attention will be the upgrade and integration of ARDU's telemetry systems with the meteorological and tracking data acquisition capabilities at Woomera to minimize overhead and data turnaround time. To achieve these goals, maximum modularity, extensibility, and product interoperability is being sought in the proposed architecture of all the systems that will need to cooperate on the forecast test programmes. These goals are also driven by the need to be responsive to a wide variety of tasks which presently include structural flight testing of fighter and training aircraft, weapons systems performance evaluation on a variety of combatant aircraft, and a host of other tasks associated with all fixed and rotary wing aircraft in the Army and Air Force inventory. Of all these tasks however, ARDU sees that responsiveness to future testing of F-111Cs fitted with unique Digital Flight Control Systems along with USAF standard F-111Gs may place the most significant demands on data handling —particularly in regard to providing an avionics bus diagnostic capability when performing Operational Flight Programme (OFP) changes to the mission computers. With the timely assistance and advice of Loral Test & Information Systems, who has long-term experience in supporting USAF F-111 test programmes, ARDU is confident of making wise design decisions that will provide the desired flexibility and, at the same time, minimize life-cycle costs by ensuring compliance with the appropriate telemetry and open systems standards. As well, via cooperative agreements with the USAF, the potential exists to acquire proven software products without needing to fund the development costs already absorbed by the USAF. This paper presents ARDU's perception of future needs, a view by LTIS of how best to meet those needs, and, based on ARDU data, a view of how LTIS' proposal will satisfy the requirement to provide maximum extensibility with minimum life-cycle costs.
19
Du, Guangli. "Life cycle assessment of bridges, model development and case studies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-161196.
Full textAbstract:
In recent decades, the environmental issues from the construction sector have attracted increasing attention from both the public and authorities. Notably, the bridge construction is responsible for considerable amount of energy and raw material consumptions. However, the current bridges are still mainly designed from the economic, technical, and safety perspective, while considerations of their environmental performance are rarely integrated into the decision making process. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive, standardized and internationally recognized approach for quantifying all emissions, resource consumption and related environmental and health impacts linked to a service, asset or product. LCA has the potential to provide reliable environmental profiles of the bridges, and thus help the decision-makers to select the most environmentally optimal designs. However, due to the complexity of the environmental problems and the diversity of bridge structures, robust environmental evaluation of bridges is far from straightforward. The LCA has rarely been studied on bridges till now. The overall aim of this research is to implement LCA on bridge, thus eventually integrate it into the decision-making process to mitigate the environmental burden at an early stage. Specific objectives are to: i) provide up-to-date knowledge to practitioners; ii) identify associated obstacles and clarify key operational issues; iii) establish a holistic framework and develop computational tool for bridge LCA; and iv) explore the feasibility of combining LCA with life cycle cost (LCC). The developed tool (called GreenBridge) enables the simultaneous comparison and analysis of 10 feasible bridges at any detail level, and the framework has been utilized on real cases in Sweden. The studied bridge types include: railway bridge with ballast or fix-slab track, road bridges of steel box-girder composite bridge, steel I-girder composite bridge, post tensioned concrete box-girder bridge, balanced cantilever concrete box-girder bridge, steel-soil composite bridge and concrete slab-frame bridge. The assessments are detailed from cradle to grave phases, covering thousands of types of substances in the output, diverse mid-point environmental indicators, the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) and monetary value weighting. Some analyses also investigated the impact from on-site construction scenarios, which have been overlooked in the current state-of-the-art. The study identifies the major structural and life-cycle scenario contributors to the selected impact categories, and reveals the effects of varying the monetary weighting system, the steel recycling rate and the material types. The result shows that the environmental performance can be highly influenced by the choice of bridge design. The optimal solution is found to be governed by several variables. The analyses also imply that the selected indicators, structural components and life-cycle scenarios must be clearly specified to be applicable in a transparent procurement. This work may provide important references for evaluating similar bridge cases, and identification of the main sources of environmental burden. The outcome of this research may serve as recommendation for decision-makers to select the most LCA-feasible proposal and minimize environmental burdens.QC 20150311
20
Ponté, Pascale. "D'hier à aujourd'hui, il y a demain : le rapport au temps d'élèves de cycle III." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100132.
Full textAbstract:
Entrer en apprentissage, c'est accepter de concevoir un avenir qu'il soit auto envisagé ou qu'il soit une entreprise familiale. Il y a à tous les stades de développement une position d'ouverture au monde pour résoudre sa condition d'être temporel. Cependant, la résolution de cette condition ne débouche pas nécessairement sur l'investissement des apprentissages scolaires. Et c'est, selon les théories qui fondent la recherche effectuée, dans le rapport au temps que se noue une des formes du rapport au savoir. La méthodologie employée est l'analyse de 109 cahiers de bord d'élèves de 8 à 12 ans. Ces cahiers sont tenus de façon régulière. Cette étude est menée de 1995 à 2001. Cette analyse est le croisement des théories philosophiques du temps, des théories psychogénétiques du développement de la notion de temps, et des travaux de linguistes. De plus, croisée par une étude lexicométrique, elle a permis de mettre à jour des différents rapports aux temps de ces élèvesBeginning to learn is accepting to envisage a future whether it be self-conceived or a family venture. At every stage of cognitive development the learner holds up a position of openness to the world in order to solve his human condition regarding Time. However the resolution of this condition does not necessarily lead to the involvement of knowledge learnt at school. According to the theories which are the foundations of this research, the relation to Time is one of the relations which is linked to knowledge. The methodology used here is the analysis of 109 school diaries of children aged 8 to 12. These note-books were filled in on a regular basis. This study covers the years 1995 to 2001. This analysis is at the crossroads of philosophical theories of Time, psychogenetic theories of the development of the notion of Time and linguistic theories. Moreover through the means of a lexicometric study the research enabled to highlight the various connections of these children to Time
21
Kocsis, Karoly-Charles P. "New ventilation design criteria for underground metal mines based upon the "life-cycle" airflow demand schedule." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12540.
Full textAbstract:
Presently, mine ventilation systems are designed more towards the “worst-case-scenario” with respect to airflow demand, which usually occurs well in the future of a mine’s operating life. Consequently, within the early stages of operation, the mines’ intake air volume could be well in excess of their “true” ventilation needs. Such ventilation systems are inefficient and this design approach needs to change if Canadian mines are to remain competitive while attempting to reduce their carbon footprints.
This thesis introduces a new method that can be used to evaluate the efficiency of large and complex underground ventilation systems. This new evaluation method is based upon the magnitude of a mine’s potential “ventilation redundancy” that can be used to gauge the efficiency of its ventilation system. Two conventionally analyzed case studies presented in this thesis highlight the complexity and difficulty in determining the ventilation redundancy in large and deep metal mines. Challenges include gaining adequate data to assess the dynamic nature of the production activities that continually redefine where ventilation is required.
To address this issue, this thesis introduces a novel method, where a multi-level mining block’s activity based intake air volume is determined through discrete-event mining process simulation using AutoModTM. In accordance with the number of active mining blocks that will be required to achieve future production requirements, the mine’s “traditional” and “activity based” life-cycle airflow demand schedule is subsequently determined. Furthermore, based upon the life-cycle airflow demand schedule the mine’s primary and auxiliary ventilation systems are solved through ventilation simulation. The output data generated through ventilation simulation was then used to determine the economic and environmental benefits of an “activity based” ventilation system versus a “traditional” ventilation system.
This new ventilation design concept, which is based upon the mine’s life-cycle airflow demand schedule determined through discrete-event process simulation can fundamentally change the way underground ventilation systems are presently designed and operated. This can be extremely important for the reason that besides providing adequate airflow to the production workings, this new design approach would assist the mines to reduce their energy consumption and consequently their GHG emissions.
22
Rezai, Armon. "Cycles of Demand and Distribution and Monetary Policy in the US Economy." M. E. Sharpe, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4022/1/cyclesRezaif.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The role of monetary policy on the cyclical behavior of the labor share and capacity utilization in the US economy is studied empirically. Previous estimation results remain robust; the inclusion of the rate of interest does not
alter the underlying specification of the distributive demand regime. Next, the role of monetary policy on net borrowing flows for four institutional sectors are
analyzed. Interest rate effects appear most important for households. Based on this finding, implications for countercyclical stabilization policy are spelled out. (author's abstract)
23
Höglund, Philip. "Impact of future usage patterns on the insulation demand for office buildings in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194369.
Full textAbstract:
The environmental impact from our energy production and use today is a central concern for every major decision maker regardless of interest area. Together with transport and industry, housing and services is a major contributor to our energy consumption. In 2013 housing and services accounted for 38% of the energy consumption in Sweden Therefore, energy consumption in buildings has become an area of great importance with many technological solutions developing to meet the demands from investors and legislation. However, present solutions primarily aim to solve current problems, while ongoing technological and social development is setting new conditions for future buildings. This study investigates the future of office buildings heading towards a more flexible work environment. Advancement of technology accompanied with new emerging economic and social practices is facilitating the flexibility, as well as remote work and more out-of-office time, with possible decrease of the thermal energy produced by humans and equipment. In addition, desktop computers will be replaced by energy efficient thin clients, tablets, and phones while other equipment is also becoming more energy efficient, resulting in reduced secondary heat production and thus lower internal gains. This scenario supposes reduced internal gains, resulting in decreased cooling requirements but also increased heating requirements. However, an alternative scenario with increased internal gains is also likely, due to activity-based workplaces. Activity-based offices dispose of personal desks, instead utilising activity-based areas where employees choose an area or desk where to work, depending on their current task. Disposing of personal desks supports higher occupancy, as employees working elsewhere don’t occupy workplaces at the office. Thus, the amount of desks can be matched to the actual amount of employees working at the office during peak loads. These scenarios are developed, quantified, and used as a basis for the building simulation models. These models are then optimised to meet these new conditions, utilising simulation and multi objective optimisation. The key finding is that office buildings are resilient to changing conditions, and that a state-of-theart office from today meet the demands of tomorrow.Miljöpåverkan från vår produktion och energianvändning är idag är en central fråga för varje större beslutsfattare oavsett intresse i området. Tillsammans med transport och industri, är bostäder och service en viktig bidragande orsak till vår energiförbrukning. År 2013 bostäder och service stod för 38% av energiförbrukningen i Sverige. Därför har energiförbrukningen i byggnader kommit att få stor betydelse, vilket driver utvecklingen mot nya tekniska lösningar för att möta kraven från investerare och lagstiftning. De nuvarande lösningarna syftar dock främst till att lösa nuvarande problem, samtidigt som teknisk och social utveckling skapar nya förutsättningar för framtida byggnader. Detta projekt undersöker framtiden för kontorsbyggnader, där utvecklingen verkar vara på väg mot distansarbete, outsourcing, och mer arbetstid spenderad utanför kontoret, vilket minskar mängden interna laster som värmer upp kontoret. Samtidigt utvecklas stationära datorer och annan utrustning som ersättas med energieffektiva tunna klienter, tablets, och smarta telefoner, vilket minskar de interna lasterna ytterligare. Ett alternativt scenario är aktivitetsbaserade kontor, där de anställda inte har sin egen arbetsyta, utan istället använder aktivitetsbaserade områden beroende på arbetsuppgift. Detta scenario kan tänkas leda till ökade interna laster då ytan kan användas mer effektivt, som kan kompensera för användning av mer energieffektiv kontorsutrustning. Projektet undersöker tänkbara framtida scenarier och hur framtida kontor kan anpassas för att möta dessa nya förutsättningar med hjälp av klimat- och energisimuleringsmjukvara. Resultaten tyder på flera tydliga trender i användningen av kontorsbyggnader, men effekterna av dessa trender kan resultera i flera scenarier. Därför projektet omfattar flera scenarier för att utvärdera spannet av möjligheter. Simuleringarna tyder på att kontorsbyggnader är motståndskraftiga mot förändrade villkor, och att ett modernt kontor från idag kan möta morgondagens behov.
24
Wan, He. "Assessing CSR and Applying Social Life Cycle Assessment: A case study on Biochemical Oxygen Demand Online Monitor." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182191.
Full textAbstract:
Wuhan China and Borlänge Sweden collaborate to promote sustainable business growths. This thesis, being part of sustainable business project, aims to understand how business can contribute to sustainable development and explore mechanisms of social life cycle assessment. In an effort to answer research questions and further to achieve the general purpose, a BOD online monitor case study is described and analyzed by applying both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collection is based on interviews and documents. In the case of BOD online monitor, the thesis identifies Boffin and Universtar companies’ CSR levels. It also observes that SLCA method is able to discover Boffin and Universtar’s social performances at life cycle impact assessment stage and disclose online monitor’s social impacts at interpretation stage. The thesis finally concludes that business’ CSR level can be evaluated from three dimensions: companies’ goals on conducting business, business operation performances and resolved problems. SLCA method is able to disclose enterprises’ social performances, discover underlying factors that might hinder corporations’ ability to contribute to sustainable development and improve product’s social at the same time.
25
Miliutenko, Sofiia. "Life Cycle Impacts of Road Infrastructure : Assessment of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-89885.
Full textAbstract:
Road infrastructure is essential in the development of human society, but has both negative and positive impacts. Large amounts of money and natural resources are spent each year on its construction, operation and maintenance. Obviously, there is potentially significantenvironmental impact associated with these activities. Thus the need for integration of life cycle environmental impacts of road infrastructure into transport planning is currently being widely recognised on international and national level. However certain issues, such as energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the construction, maintenance and operation of road infrastructure, are rarely considered during the current transport planning process in Sweden and most other countries.This thesis examined energy use and GHG emissions for the whole life cycle (construction, operation, maintenance and end-of-life) of road infrastructure, with the aim of improving transport planning on both strategic and project level. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to two selected case studies: LCA of a road tunnel and LCA of three methods for asphalt recycling and reuse: hot in-plant, hot in-place and reuse as unbound material. The impact categories selected for analysis were Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). Other methods used in the research included interviews and a literature review.The results of the first case study indicated that the operational phase of the tunnel contributed the highest share of CED and GWP throughout the tunnel’s life cycle. Construction of concrete tunnels had much higher CED and GWP per lane-metre than construction of rocktunnels. The results of the second case study showed that hot in-place recycling of asphalt gave slightly more net savings of GWP and CED than hot in-plant recycling. Asphalt reuse was less environmentally beneficial than either of these alternatives, resulting in no net savings of GWP and minor net savings of CED. Main sources of data uncertainty identified in the two case-studies included prediction of future electricity mix and inventory data for asphalt concrete.This thesis contributes to methodological development which will be useful to future infrastructure LCAs in terms of inventory data collection. It presents estimated amounts of energy use and GHG emissions associated with road infrastructure, on the example of roadtunnel and asphalt recycling. Operation of road infrastructure and production of construction materials are identified as the main priorities for decreasing GHG emissions and energy use during the life cycle of road infrastructure. It was concluded that the potential exists for significant decreases in GHG emissions and energy use associated with the road transport system if the entire life cycle of road infrastructure is taken into consideration from the very start of the policy-making process.QC 20120229
26
Yan, Xiaoyu. "Life cycle energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in China's road transport sector : future trends and policy implications." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28173.
Full textAbstract:
A critical evaluation of the national profile of energy supply and demand and the associated greenhouse gas (OHO) emissions in China has been conducted. The contribution of the transport sector in China, the road transport sector in particular, to China's overall energy demand and OHO emissions has been assessed and compared with values for other countries. Approaches for reducing energy demand and OHO emissions in the road transport sector worldwide have been reviewed. A detailed bottom-up model has been developed using 'LEAP' software, to estimate future energy demand and OHO emissions in China's road transport sector, incorporating China's recent efforts in alternative fuel promotion. Modelling approach and historical data used have been tested and verified to ensure reliability. Two scenarios have been designed to describe the future strategies relating to the development of China's road transport sector between 2005 and 2030. The 'Business as Usual' scenario is used as a baseline reference scenario, in which the government is assumed to do nothing to influence the long-term trends of road transport energy demand. The 'Best Case' scenario is considered to be the most optimized case where a series of available reduction measures are assumed to be implemented. Energy demand and OHO emissions in China's road transport sector up to 2030 are estimated in these two scenarios. The reduction potential and the relative contribution of each measure have been estimated. A 'life cycle assessment' model for the road transport sector has been developed. The life cycle energy demand and OHO emissions in China's road transport sector are estimated using the model. The reduction potential and the relative contribution of each measure have been re-assessed from a life cycle perspective. Potential impacts on global oil resources, availability and prices are discussed. The importance of life cycle assessment in evaluating the effects of different reduction measures is discussed. Policy implications are presented.
27
Klotz, Jared Lee. "Foraging for Demand: Applying Optimal Foraging Theory to Decisions in a Simulated Business Context." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1053.
Full textAbstract:
Charnov's (1976) marginal value theorem has had success in predicting that animals will optimize net rate of gain when foraging in a patchy environment. The present study attempts to apply the marginal value theorem (MVT) to human behavior in a business setting in 3 Experiments. Businesses also attempt to optimize net rate of gain when choosing to discontinue one product in lieu of another using a product life cycle (PLC). Experiments 1 & 2 attempted to assess human behavior in a business context by varying time necessary to retool and monetary cost of retooling respectively. Experiment 3 attempted to add ecological validity by introducing variability to the PLC. The results of Experiments 1, 2, & 3 indicate that the MVT does not accurately predict human behavior in a business context, though methodological issues may have affected these results. Future research must be conducted in this area.
28
Bagliano, Fabio-Cesare. "Money, policy regimes and economic fluctuations." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1437/.
Full textAbstract:
Part I deals with the estimation of money demand functions. Several non-structural interpretations of the conventionally estimated functions are surveyed and discussed (Chapter 1). An application to Italian data is then presented, focusing on two such interpretations. First (Chapter 2), the role of expectations in determining money demand behaviour is assessed. Since monetary policy regimes have a direct effect on the time-series properties of interest rates, the identification of clear regime changes may provide a powerful test of forward-looking models of money demand. An expectations model is constructed, which is stable in the face of the Italian monetary policy regime change in 1970, when traditional backward-looking money demand functions show remarkable instability. Second (Chapter 3), the existence of multiple long-run relations among the variables relevant to money demand is shown to create problems for the interpretation of single-equation estimates. To obtain a satisfactory specification of the long-run relations and the short-run dynamics of the system around equilibrium, a sequential procedure is devised and applied. In Part II, the controversy between "real" and "monetary" theories of fluctuations is examined (Chapter 4). A "monetary" equilibrium model of the cycle is constructed, extending the original Lucas "island" framework to allow for a powerful role for stabilization policy. The implications of alternative monetary policy regimes are derived and tested on U.S. data, comparing two periods (1922-1940 and 1952-1968) with a different policy stance. Chapter 5 investigates the relative importance of the "money" and "credit" channels of monetary transmission for Italy in the 1982-1994 period, using a structural VAR methodology. Monetary policy is effective, though not through a "credit channel", and independent disturbances to credit supply have sizeable real effects. In Chapter 6 the focus is shifted to anticipated fiscal policy actions and their effect on consumption. A long series of pre-announced income tax changes is examined for the U.K. Consumption reacts to such fiscally-induced disposable income changes only at the implementation dates.
29
Shafii, Zurina. "The life-cycle hypothesis, financial planning and the household demand for financial assets : an analysis of the Malaysian experience." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1833/.
Full text
30
Al, Zaidi Ahmed. "Investigation of driving cycles as tools to assess travel demand management in Edinburgh and Abu Dhabi." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2013. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/5966.
Full textAbstract:
Traffic congestion today is a major problem in almost all of the metropolitan areas of the world. An increasing level of congestion results in negative impacts on the urban environment. These include environmental pollution, energy problems and traffic accidents. The analysis of these problems and the predictions of the impacts of any transport policies that could be devised to deal with them are very critical to their success. Traffic problems are almost the same in most modern cities either in developed countries or less economically developed countries. The driving cycle for a vehicle is the representation of a speed–time sequenced profile, which is developed for a specific area or city. It is an important requirement in the evaluation of the driver's behaviour and the performance of vehicles for a number of applications, mainly in the area of environmental studies. For example, fuel consumption and emissions' predictions need information input on the characteristics of driving patterns of traffic. The applications of driving cycle analysis can be extended however, to many more other areas. The motivation for this research is to investigate the detailed impacts of travel demand management (TDM) measures, that are already in application. This is to improve the network performance, using driving cycle analysis. It is important to explicitly assess these measures using a micro-level detailed approach in order to comprehend overall results in terms of emissions and network performance. These understandings will benefit government agencies and policy makers in their planning and appraisals. It will also benefit public transport providers to improve their service in attracting and retaining their customers. The developments of the real world driving cycles in Edinburgh and Abu Dhabi have been presented in this research. The analysis of real world data, which has been obtained from monitoring traffic conditions in both cities using the GPS tracking of traffic, is presented. This data was collected from trips which have been carried out on a number of traffic corridors in both cities. The assessment of various parameters of traffic (i.e. speed, time percentage spent on acceleration, deceleration, idling, cruising and cycle duration) and their statistical validity, produced a real world driving cycle for the buses as well as the private cars. Two TDM measures have been considered; bus lanes and traffic calming measures. At each corridor, a handheld GPS device was used to record speed, acceleration, deceleration and distances driven. This data enabled the analysis of driving cycles for the buses and for the private cars. The driving cycle analysis and investigations have further been investigated using regression analysis techniques. The results suggest that the approach shows potential but further research is needed with more data available. The results suggest that the driving cycle analysis approach would be very useful to have a better understanding of driving behaviour and also the detailed impacts of the transport policies on traffic. In terms of bus lanes and traffic calming measures, the results show some positive impacts of these policies, while there are evidences of some negative impacts as well. These findings would be very valuable for the policy decision makers. It is recommended from this research that the driving cycle analysis could be utilised effectively in the assessment of TDM measures. Further investigations and analysis of driving cycle is urgently recommended in a number of research directions. Combined GIS and GPS data could also enhance the development in this research.
31
Hansson, Denise. "Housing Finance and the Transmission of Mortgage Spread Shocks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415538.
Full textAbstract:
Credit market frictions, captured by mortgage spreads, are potentially an equally important driver behind mortgage rate innovations as monetary policy. Possibly a significant driver of business cycles. Yet, the effect of such shocks on the economy has barely received any attention in empirical research. By estimating a SVAR for 12 EU countries, I find that mortgage spread shocks have a significant effect on GDP, consumption, residential investment and house prices. The magnitude of their effects is comparable to a monetary policy shock. I also find that the transmission mechanism of such shocks is influenced by mortgage market characteristics. A high mortgage debt-to-GDP ratio and widespread use of mortgage equity withdrawal, compared to a lower ratio and less or no use, potentially imply a stronger response in house prices and residential investment of 0.5 and 1 percent respectively.
32
YERRAMILLI, CHINMAYA R. "ANALYSIS OF TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN METAL EVOLUTION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1109186023.
Full text
33
Machado, Caio Henrique. "Coordination failures in business cycles." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18270.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Caio Machado (caiohm@gmail.com) on 2017-05-18T18:01:09Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Tese_Machado2017.pdf: 1442885 bytes, checksum: 6de78cd6ea7228909465f19bc20ae0ce (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2017-05-18T19:16:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Machado2017.pdf: 1442885 bytes, checksum: 6de78cd6ea7228909465f19bc20ae0ce (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T20:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Machado2017.pdf: 1442885 bytes, checksum: 6de78cd6ea7228909465f19bc20ae0ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-11
Coordination failures are often said to play an important role in business cycles. If agents’ incentives of taking a given action depend on the amount of other agents expected to take the same action, coordination failures can often arise. Firms may not invest because they do not expect others to invest, confirming their initial expectations. Similarly, banks may not lend because they do not expect others to lend. This dissertation analyzes different environments in which crises arise as a result of coordination failures. The first chapter analyzes an economy that is subject to a dynamic coordination problem. Because of aggregate demand externalities, firms’ incentives to increase their production depend on expected demand, which in turn depends on the amount produced by other firms. The problem is dynamic since firms do not take investment decisions at the same time, implying that a firm deciding today is trying to forecast what other firms will decide in the future. This opens the possibility of dynamic coordination traps: firms do not invest today because they do not believe others will invest tomorrow, generating lower incentives for firms to invest at future dates. This chapter focuses on the following questions: In economies subject to dynamic coordination traps, what is the optimal stimulus policies? Should policy makers provide higher incentives to production in times of low economic activity? The answer is that a constant subsidy implements the first-best in an economy where beliefs are endogenously determined. The reason is that, although it is harder to coordinate in times of low economic activity, agents are naturally more optimistic about the future in times of poor economic activity and reasonably good fundamentals. This optimism arise from the fact that in bad times negative shocks do not change the level of economic activity, while positive shocks may end a recession. The second chapter proposes a model to study unusually deep financial crises. Previous empirical work has found that financial crises are very deep and persistent on average, but there is a lot of heterogeneity across different episodes. Some financial crises feature a very distressed financial sector, but little distress on the real sector, while others are real macroeconomic disasters. In light of this evidence, I propose a model in which there is a highly non-linear feedback between the real and the financial sector. Disaster episodes arise from the dynamic interaction of two frictions: coordination frictions and financial frictions. When banks have weak balance sheets they do not intermediate much capital. This causes firms to get trapped in a self-reinforcing regime with low aggregate demand, which ends up provoking further damage to banks’ balance sheets. I use the model as a laboratory to study unusually deep financial crises and the effects of some policies. It is shown that the effects of disasters go far beyond what we observe during those episodes: they imply very low asset prices, economic growth and welfare, even in good times and when their probability is very small. Policies that protect the financial sector from those episodes can be very beneficial. Moreover, higher risk-taking in bad times may improve economic growth, welfare and financial stability. The third chapter studies the policy trade-off of a regulator that wants to avoid coordination failures, but at the same time does not want to generate distortions arising from moral hazard. Banks have investment opportunities with an expected return that depends positively on the amount of other banks undertaking similar investments, opening room for coordination failures. At the same time, banks may risk-shift to projects with smaller expected return but higher volatility. By providing guarantees in case of failures, a regulator can enhance coordination, but that leads banks to switch to worse projects. It is shown that in some states a regulator will provide no guarantees, even if it that means allowing a coordination failure to happen. Moreover, the possibility of risk-shifting reduces the amount of guarantees needed to avoid a coordination failure.
Com frequência argumenta-se que falhas de coordenação têm um papel importante no ciclo de negócios. Se os incentivos dos agentes a realizar determinada ação depende da quantidade esperada de outros agentes que tomarão a mesma ação, falhas de coordenação podem acontecer. Empresas podem não investir porque não esperam que outras empresas irão investir, confirmando suas expectativas iniciais. De maneira similar, bancos podem não conceder empréstimos porque eles não esperam que outros bancos irão fazer o mesmo. Esta tese analisa diferentes ambientes onde crises surgem como o resultado de falhas de coordenação. O primeiro capítulo analisa uma economia que está sujeita a falhas de coordenação dinâmicas. Por causa de externalidades de demanda agregada, os incentivos para uma dada firma aumentar sua produção dependem da demanda esperada, que por sua vez depende da quantidade produzida por outras firmas. O problema é dinâmico porque as firmas não tomam decisões de investimento ao mesmo tempo, implicando que uma firma tomando decisões hoje está tentando prever o que outras firmas decidirão no futuro. Isso abre a possibilidade de falhas de coordenação dinâmicas: firmas não investem hoje porque elas não acreditam que outras firmas investirão amanhã, gerando incentivos menores para outras firmas investirem no futuro. Este capítulo foca nas seguintes questões: Em economias sujeitas a este problema de coordenação dinâmico, qual a política de estímulo ótima? O governo deveria prover mais estímulos em épocas de baixa atividade econômica? A resposta é que um subsídio constante implementa o ótimo nesta economia. O motivo é que, embora seja mais difícil coordenar em tempos de baixa atividade, os agentes estão naturalmente mais otimistas sobre o futuro em tempos de baixa atividade e fundamentos razoavelmente bons. Este otimismo surge do fato que em tempos ruins choques negativos não alteram o nível de atividade econômica, mas choques positivos podem acabar com uma recessão. O segundo capítulo desta tese propõe um modelo para estudar crises financeiras mais severas que o usual. Trabalhos empíricos prévios mostram que, em geral, crises financeiras são muito profundas e persistentes, mas também que há muita heterogeneidade entre diferentes episódios. Algumas crises financeiras causam enormes danos no sistema financeiro, mas pouco dano no setor real, enquanto outras são verdadeiros desastres macroeconômicos. À luz desta evidência, esta tese propõe um modelo onde há um feedback extremamente não linear entre o setor financeiro e o setor real. Desastres surgem através da interação dinâmica de duas fricções: fricções de coordenação e fricções financeiras. Quando os bancos estão com problemas em seus balanços, eles optam por intermediar menos capital. Isso leva as firmas a entrar em um regime com baixa demanda agregada, que causa ainda mais dano ao capital dos bancos. Este modelo é utilizado como um laboratório para estudar crises financeiras muito severas e o efeito de algumas políticas. É mostrado que os efeitos de desastres econômicos vão muito além do que observamos durante estes episódios. Eles levam à queda dos preços de ativos, baixo crescimento e perdas de bem-estar, mesmo que a probabilidade destes eventos seja muito pequena. Finalmente, quando os bancos tomam mais risco em tempos ruins, podemos ter um aumento de crescimento, bem-estar e estabilidade financeira. O terceiro capítulo estuda o trade-off enfrentado por um regulador que quer evitar falhas de coordenação, mas ao mesmo tempo não quer gerar distorções que surgem por conta de risco moral. Os bancos possuem oportunidades de investimento cujo retorno esperado depende positivamente da quantidade de outros bancos investindo em projetos similares, abrindo espaço para a possibilidade de falhas de coordenação. Ao mesmo tempo, bancos podem escolher investir em projetos com menor retorno esperado e maior volatilidade. Ao prover garantias em caso de falha de um banco, um regulador pode melhorar a habilidade que estes têm de coordenar, mas ao mesmo isto pode levar os bancos a tomarem risco excessivo. É mostrado que em alguns estados o regulador não proverá garantias, mesmo que isso implique permitir que uma falha de coordenação aconteça. Ainda, a possibilidade dos bancos tomarem risco excessivo reduz a quantidade de garantias necessárias para evitar uma falha de coordenação.
34
Khan, Mahmudur Aryan. "A comparative Life Cycle Analysis of new and old designs of crane truck frames : Case study at Vemservice." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41976.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this Bachelor’s thesis is to investigate and deliver the results of environmental impacts of two different designs of crane truck frames. The aim is to investigate if additional new design of crane truck frames, with less energy and transportation during manufacturing of the crane truck, can improve energy efficiency of crane trucks throughout their lifecycle. Case study object for this report is Vemservice in Vemdalen, Sweden. As basis for the report the The Life Cycle Analysis ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 are used in this report in order to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts related to the lifecycle of new and old designs of 92 tonmeter crane truck frames from cradle to grave. The data was mainly collected and calculated by using the SimaPro software 8.0.5 which is based on the Ecoinvent 3 database. This study mainly analyzes environmental impacts such as GWP (Global Warming Potential), CED (Cumulative Energy Demand) and ReCiPe environmental impacts. The results showed that although new design frame has less transportation and energy demand during the manufacturing phase of the crane truck, the overall life cycle of the new design crane truck frame has higher environmental impacts than the existing old design of the crane truck frame. This is due to that the new design frame is 213kg heavier than the old design frame, which the crane truck is carrying during its using period. This study also investigated whether the new design frame, with stronger steel (Ecoupgraded steel) and a reduction of 15% of the total weight of frame, has a lower environmental impact in the life cycle of the EcoUpgraded steel frame compared to the current new design and old design frames life cycle.2018-06-29
35
Junne, Tobias [Verfasser], and André [Akademischer Betreuer] Thess. "Constructing and evaluating energy futures : life cycle environmental impacts, material demand and transparency of energy scenarios / Tobias Junne ; Betreuer: André Thess." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-ds-117046.
Full text
36
Achou, Bertrand. "Retirement behaviours, housing demand and housing markets : a dynamic analysis." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010001.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cette thèse, j'utilise différents outils de l'analyse dynamique pour répondre à des questions liés aux comportements à la retraite et/ou aux marches immobiliers. Dans le premier chapitre, qui s'intitule en anglais "Long-Term Care Insurance, Housing Demand, and Decumulation", j'étudie l'influence de l'immobilier sur la demande d'assurance dépendance en comparant un modèle structurel à des données américaines issues du Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Dans le second, qui a pour titre "Disability in Retirement, Home Production, and Informai Insurance Between Spouses" j'étudie comment l'assurance informelle entre conjoints affecte les comportements de desépargne. Le modèle reproduit certains faits stylisés observés dans les données HRS et dans une enquête qui est liée : le Consumption and Activities Mail Survey ou CAMS. Le troisième chapitre, qui s'intitule "Sectoral Productivity, Collateral Constraints, and Housing Markets" est un travail joint avec Hippolyte d' Albis et Eleni Iliopulos. Nous y étudions les implications de l'introduction d'un marché locatif dans un modèle standard de marchés immobiliers avec contraintes de collatéralThis thesis applies tools from dynamic analysis to answer questions related to retirement behaviours and/or housing markets. In the first chapter entitled "Long-Term Care Insurance, Housing Demand, and Decumulation", I study the influence of housing on the demand for long-term care insurance comparing a structural mode! with US data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). In the second one ("Disability in Retirement, Home Production, and Informai Insurance Between Spouses"), I study how the informai insurance fom a spouse affects dissavings behaviours. The model reproduces some key patterns observed in the HRS and a companion survey the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey (CAMS). The third one entitled "Sectoral Productivity, Collateral Constraints, and Housing Markets" is a joint work with Hippolyte d'Albis and Eleni Iliopulos. We study the influence of introducing a rentai market in an otherwise standard model of the housing market with collateral constraints
37
Lee, Young Koo. "Macroeconomic effects of monetary policy and oil price changes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841213.
Full text
38
Stadin, Karolina. "Employment Dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-221561.
Full textAbstract:
The main focus of this thesis is the employment decisions of firms. The thesis consists of three self-contained but closely related essays, all enlightening employment dynamics in different ways. The thesis is mainly empirical but there are also some theoretical developments when existing theory is insufficient to explain the empirical findings. The impact on employment of product market conditions and labor market conditions facing firms are investigated. The results suggest that product demand has a robust impact on firms’ employment dynamics, but also the market price, the wage costs, and the matching between vacancies and unemployed workers seem to matter. The empirical evidence of the relevance of imperfect competition in the product market is important, particularly since most research on labor market dynamics has assumed perfect competition. The results with respect to matching of vacancies and unemployed workers contradict the standard search and matching model as well as simple efficiency-wage or bargaining models with wage rigidity and excess supply but no frictions in the labor market. A richer model of the labor market is needed to explain the results, including on-the-job search and perhaps more heterogeneity between employed and unemployed workers. Essay I, “What are the Determinants of Hiring? - The Role of Demand and Supply Factors”, studies the importance of demand and supply factors for hiring in local labor markets. Essay II, “Vacancy Matching and Labor Market Conditions”, studies the probability of filling a vacancy, how it varies with the number of unemployed and the number of vacancies in the local labor market, and what impact it has on firms’ employment dynamics. Essay III, “The Dynamics of Firms’ Factor Demand”, studies firm-level adjustments of employment, the capital stock, and inventories in response to exogenous shocks theoretically and empirically. These three decisions have typically been studied one at the time, but here they are studied together in a way which allows for interactions and a better understanding of firm behavior.
39
Lee, Mengshan. "Integrated Assessment of Water Conservation Practices For Sustainable Management Strategies." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/439.
Full textAbstract:
Miami-Dade County implemented a series of water conservation programs, which included rebate/exchange incentives to encourage the use of high efficiency aerators (AR), showerheads (SH), toilets (HET) and clothes washers (HEW), to respond to the environmental sustainability issue in urban areas. This study first used panel data analysis of water consumption to evaluate the performance and actual water savings of individual programs. Integrated water demand model has also been developed for incorporating property’s physical characteristics into the water consumption profiles. Life cycle assessment (with emphasis on end-use stage in water system) of water intense appliances was conducted to determine the environmental impacts brought by each practice.
Approximately 6 to 10 % of water has been saved in the first and second year of implementation of high efficiency appliances, and with continuing savings in the third and fourth years. Water savings (gallons per household per day) for water efficiency appliances were observed at 28 (11.1%) for SH, 34.7 (13.3%) for HET, and 39.7 (14.5%) for HEW. Furthermore, the estimated contributions of high efficiency appliances for reducing water demand in the integrated water demand model were between 5 and 19% (highest in the AR program). Results indicated that adoption of more than one type of water efficiency appliance could significantly reduce residential water demand.
For the sustainable water management strategies, the appropriate water conservation rate was projected to be 1 to 2 million gallons per day (MGD) through 2030. With 2 MGD of water savings, the estimated per capita water use (GPCD) could be reduced from approximately 140 to 122 GPCD. Additional efforts are needed to reduce the water demand to US EPA’s “Water Sense” conservation levels of 70 GPCD by 2030. Life cycle assessment results showed that environmental impacts (water and energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions) from end-use and demand phases are most significant within the water system, particularly due to water heating (73% for clothes washer and 93% for showerhead). Estimations of optimal lifespan for appliances (8 to 21 years) implied that earlier replacement with efficiency models is encouraged in order to minimize the environmental impacts brought by current practice.
40
Laktineh, Maha. "Ecritures, lectures des oeuvres du Cycle du Hussard de Jean Giono." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN1373.
Full textAbstract:
Notre étude consiste à éclairer les oeuvres du Cycle du Hussard, de Jean Giono, selon deux perspectives différentes et complémentaires. La première propose de lire ces oeuvres dans une perspective génétique, grâce à l'étude des manuscrits, des brouillons et des carnets de préparation permettant de suivre le travail de l'écriture et toutes les modifications apportées par l'écrivain. Ces supports matériels témoignent de la méthode de travail de Giono, de la difficulté de l'élaboration des oeuvres, et montrent enfin le long processus de création de chaque oeuvre. La deuxième perspective consiste à aborder les oeuvres à travers leur intertextualité : les références intertextuelles, internes ou externes au Cycle, élargissent leur vision au-delà de leurs frontières. L'intertextualité interne se concentre sur la récurrence de certains personnages, lieux ou motifs : l'intertextualité externe ouvre des perspectives de lecture vers d'autres oeuvres littéraires. Notre étude propose également la lecture de ces oeuvres, soit dans ou soit hors du contexte du Cycle, en tenant compte de l'ordre chronologique de l'action. Sont ainsi mis en évidence différents types d'incohérences et de vides narratifs entre les oeuvres. Ces différents aspects de notre travail permettront donc une meilleure compréhension des oeuvres du Cycle du Hussard.
41
Delin, Sofia. "Site-specific nitrogen fertilization demand in relation to plant available soil nitrogen and water : potential for prediction based on soil characteristics /." Skara : Department of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200506.pdf.
Full text
42
Meldrum, Mark Brent. "Finding Fertile Time: A Temporal Investigation of Opportunity Using Patent Citation Data." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1248046746.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009Title from PDF (viewed on 2009-11-23) Department of Management Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
43
Ruokytė, Monika. "Nekilnojamo turto rinkos ciklai ir juos įtakojantys veiksniai JAV ir Lietuvoje." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090403_124124-37419.
Full textAbstract:
Nekilnojamo turto (NT) rinka yra visos ekonomikos svarbi sudedamoji dalis. NT kainos skirtingose pasaulio šalyse juda panašia kryptimi – iki 2007 metų jos augo abejose vandenyno pusėse. Tai specifinė rinka dėl investicinio prekės pobūdžio ir unikalumo. Šiame darbe apžvelgiama, kas yra turtas, kokia yra rinka, paklausa ir pasiūla, dalyviai bei ciklai, NT rinką įtakojantys veiksniai. Interpretuojama situacija susidariusi NT rinkoje JAV ir Lietuvoje. Ekonominės sąlygos lemia, kad NT rinka visame pasaulyje pasiekė bumą ir turi pergyventi nuosmukį. Bumas/burbulas – situacija, kai kainos rinkoje formuojamos pirmiausia dėl psichologinių veiksnių ir atitrūksta nuo jas aiškinančių fundamentalių faktorių. Burbulas sprogsta tada, kai investuotojai nebesitiki, kad kainos kils. Tada paklausa sumažėja ir NT rinka krenta žemyn. Nuosmukio pradžia ir viso ciklo trukmė sunkiai prognozuojama. Vidutiniškai NT rinka sugriūna 18 mėnesių iki bankų krizės. Infliacija, palūkanų norma, BVP, investicijų srautai, nuomos kainos, nedarbo lygis, migracija, progresas šalyje, lūkesčiai, poreikiai, informacijos srautas, globalizacija – tai veiksniai, kurie turi įtakos NT rinkos ciklui.
NT rinka Lietuvoje atsilieka vidutiniškai 1,5-2 metų nuo JAV savo kainų pokyčiais. Šios dvi rinkos turi panašumų dėl augančios infliacijos, pirkimo-pardavimo sutarčių sumažėjo, BVP tendencijos augti, palūkanų normos pokyčio, nedarbo lygio mažėjimo, didėjančių tiesioginių investicijų. Nepaisant panašumų, lyginti šias dvi rinkas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Real estate market is important for country’s economics. In different countries real estate prices are moving in the same direction- till 2007 it has been increasing in USA and Europe. Real estate’s specific market because it has an investment format and it is unique. In this paper it is reviewed real estate, its market, supply and demand, participants and cycles, indicators. There is made interpretation of the Lithuanian and USA markets situation. Economics conditions course, that in all the world real estate market has to reach boom and face the recession. Burble- it is a situation when prices lose a touch with fundamental bias because of the philological factors. Boom collapse when investors think that prices will not increase any more and demand reduce. It is difficult to forecast the start of the collapse and the length of the cycle. In the average after the collapse of real estate market in 18 months there is crisis of banks. There are many factors which are important for real estate cycle like inflation, interest and mortgage rate, GDP, investment flows, rent and unemployment rate, migration, progress in the country, expectations, media, and globalization. Real Estate market in Lithuania is 1,5-2 years behind the USA market. These two markets have some similarities like growth of inflation, number of contract decrease, GDP and interest rate changes, decline of unemployment rate, direct investment. Despite these similarities, there are many differences which show... [to full text]
44
Peter, Christiane [Verfasser]. "Modelling greenhouse gas emissions and cumulative energy demand of energy crops in rotation using the Life Cycle Assessment approach : challenges and potential solutions / Christiane Peter." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136268871/34.
Full text
45
Eriksson, Rickard. "Price responses to changes in costs and demand." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.) (EFI), 2001. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/554.htm.
Full text
46
Simões, Nádia Nogueira. "Procura de trabalho, produtividade e ciclo económico. Uma análise aplicada ao mercado de trabalho português." Master's thesis, ISEG, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/22112.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Economia.Este trabalho pretendeu analisar os factores que motivam as flutuações cíclicas da produtividade do trabalho. Consideraram-se duas categorias de explicações: uma fundamentada nos programas de optimização das empresas (intra-empresarial) e outra na mobilidade dos trabalhadores (inter-empresarial). As primeiras centram-se na influência das estruturas organizacionais nas reacções das empresas perante alterações da conjuntura. Neste domínio, o modelo de referência é o neoclássico que, com base, em rendimentos marginais decrescentes prevê produtividade do trabalho contra-cíclica. Recentemente, surgiram especificações que consideram" economias de escala, existência de heterogeneidade entre agentes económicos, custos no ajustamento das estruturas produtivas, práticas de labor hoarding e concorrência imperfeita. A correlação esperada entre produtividade e ciclo económico afasta-se da deduzida pelo modelo inicial mas aproxima-se da encontrada nos dados disponíveis (pro-cíclica). As concepções inter-empresariais associam as flutuações da produtividade à influência das perturbações agregadas na afectação dos recursos. Realçam a relevância das transferências de factores entre empresas com produtividades distintas. Estas dinâmicas traduzem-se em cleansing e sullying effects. De acordo com os primeiros, as recessões ao induzirem perdas de rentabilidade nos empregos menos produtivos, levam os factores a deslocarem-se para aplicações mais adequadas ao seu potencial. Prevêem por isso produtividade contra-cíclica. Para os segundos havendo nas recessões menor propensão à criação de emprego, os benefícios da mobilidade reduzem-se. Os ganhos de eficiência da transferência de factores estariam assim concentrados nas expansões. Logo, a produtividade seria pro-cíclica. Para testar estas teorias usámos um painel de empresas empregando mais de 100 trabalhadores, extraído do Balanço Social. Identificámos nas flutuações de curto prazo da produtividade do trabalho, o contributo dos factores inter e intra-empresariais. No painel, a produtividade apresentou-se pro-cíclica. Ao nível da reafectaçào destacaram-se os cleansing effects. No plano intra-empresarial foram várias as dinâmicas importantes. Finalmente, concluímos que as forças intra-empresariais favorecendo a pro-ciclicidade superaram as inter-empresariais de pendor contracíclico.
This essay analyses the factors behind the cyclical behaviour of labor productivity. For that matter, a theoretical framework attending to intra-fim and inter-firm explanations for the pattem observed is considered. The intra-firm theories establish a link between organizational structure characteristics and managers reaction to business cycle^fluctuations. At this levei, the neoclassical model persists as the central reference. According to its results average productivity is countercyclical. Empirical evidence showing the opposite induced the development of new theories. Modiíying the initial hypothesis to account for effects such as scale economies, adjustment costs, labor hoarding, workers heterogeneity and imperfect competition produces procyclical productivity. The second group of explanations {inter-firm theories) explores the relation between worker mobility and aggregate fluctuations. Two competing approaches are considered. The cleansing effects approach explain the mechanisms trough which recessions induce a more efficient resources allocation, enhancing counterciclical labor productivity. Considering the association between the number of vacancies available and new labor relations quality, the sullying effects approach associates periods of efficiency gains to booms. In this scenario reallocation induces procyclical productivity. Exploiting a unique data set of 2000 firms with more than 100 workers collected from the Balanço Social, for the period between 1995 and 1999, we confront these theories. This panei was initially used to compare the role of intra and inter-firm dynamics to account for cyclical variations of labor productivity. The results indicate that labor productivity is procyclical. Furthermore, this study shows that for the portuguese economy cleansing effects dominate over sullying effects. Secondly, conceming intrafirm theories, our findings indicate that only a framework integrating several sources of cyclical productivity fluctuations is able to explain the observed evidence. Finally, we fínd procyclical intra-firm effects to be stronger than countercyclical inter-firm dynamics.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
47
Devkota, Jay P. "Life Cycle Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Systems at Building and Neighborhood Scales and for Various Climatic Regions of the U.S." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1449871956.
Full text
48
Borg, Mathias. "Environmental Assessment of Materials, Components and Buildings Building Specific Considerations, Open-loop Recycling, Variations in Assessment Results and the Usage Phase of Buildings." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3232.
Full text
49
Cilasun, Seyit Mumin. "Income And, Consumption And Saving Behavior Of Turkish Households." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611207/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Using 2002-2006 Household Budget Survey, this thesis investigates the income, consumption and saving dynamics of Turkish households within a life-cycle theory framework by employing cross-sectional analyses and cohort techniques. Cohort techniques are used not only to analyze these variables, but also to investigate the demographics and components of income and consumption. The analyses are deepened by dividing the sample according to the location of the households (urban-rural areas), and significant differences are found between urban and rural households, especially in terms of saving behaviors. Income, consumption and savings of formal and informal households are also investigated. Analyzing these households provides information regarding the precautionary saving since the higher income uncertainty of the informal households is expected to force them for extra saving due to precautionary motive. Finally, the life-cycle model and the precautionary saving hypothesis are tested by estimating log-linearized Euler equations. In the test of precautionary saving hypothesis, formal-informal data are used as a proxy for the risk variable. According to the estimation results, the predictions of the life-cycle model do not hold for Turkey but there is no evidence that this is due to precautionary saving.
50
Bertheau, Antoine. "Essay on Labor Demand." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAG008.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est une contribution à l´économie du travail. En particulier, nous analysons la demande de travail des entreprises sous plusieurs aspects. En termes de méthodes, nous utilisons des données administratives, des données d'enquêtes et des modèles théoriques dans la lignée de la théorie de l'appariement. Dans un premier chapitre, nous étudions les mouvements sur le marché du travail au niveau macroéconomique en utilisant de nouvelles données microéconomiques sur les entreprises et leurs salariés. Nous montrons l'importance des caractéristiques des entreprises pour comprendre les flux d'emploi. Dans un deuxième chapitre, nous étudions l´organisation du travail suite à un choc d'offre de travail au niveau de l'entreprise. Nous utilisons le registre des hospitalisations et des décès pour confectionner une base de données qui permet d’exploiter les méthodes les plus récentes économétriques. Nous montrons l’importance de l'ajustement des heures de travail des collègues pour quantifier les couts de rotation de la main d'œuvre. Dans un troisième chapitre, nous analysons les stratégies des ressources humaines des entreprises. Nous utilisons la première enquête européenne qui permet de mieux comprendre le processus d’embauche et de formations des entreprises. Un des résultats de notre analyse et le lien compétition sur le marché des biens et les stratégies de recrutementsThere are three main matters regarding employers’ decisions: employment, compensation, and training. We contribute to the economic literature on employment and compensation. Specifically, the economic question of this thesis is: how do firms adjust their employment to shocks? Disruptive innovation, employee departure or supplier shutdown are a few of the many shocks that force firms to adjust their employment. These adjustments are costly, and significant differences in firm characteristics make them respond differently to similar shocks. The idea that it takes time and effort for workers to find desirable employers and firms to find suitable employees is present throughout this work. To understand how firms respond to shocks of various kinds, we combine empirical methods with theory. On the empirical side, we create unique datasets using several data sources from Denmark. Danish data has the distinctive property that sources such as administrative records, surveys, or big data from private firms can be linked. Linking information from various sources allow, among other things, to find shocks and draw causal links between economic relationships. In one project, we also draw on theoretical models where various distortions (e.g., search frictions) prevent immediate matching between employees and employers. Concretely, we bring together datasets and structural models to estimate economic outcomes (e.g, hiring costs) that are not directly observed in datasets. In the chapter entitled "Firm Adjustment to Unexpected Departures", we use quasi-experimental variation in firms’ employment to provide a new way of estimating turnover costs. In another chapter, entitled "Firm Labor Demand Over the Business Cycle" we study how, over more than 30 years, firms grow and shrink when the macroeconomic environment changes. Finally, contrary to the first two chapters that used as primary input large administrative datasets, the last chapter, "International Evidence on Hiring Practices", uses a recent survey. This is another angle to understanding firm labor demand