Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Démocratie locale'
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Ivanovitch, Sarah. "Décentralisation et démocratie locale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1075.
Full textFrance is composed of two distinct systems - the first is the national system and the second is the local system, - which both are settled on a representative foundation. The elector citizen takes part only in elections. He/she does not get involved in the public decisions. The decentralization of power should have allowed the citizen to be closer to local decisions and affairs. But, local citizens give little interest to the local management even though the level of education is growing and the access to information is slightly increasing. In order to allow a real democratized decentralization, it is suitable to rebuild deeply the French Institutions. Effectively, it is necessary to ban any mandate plurality and to make the local system at a distance of the national system. Thus will allow a local corporate body to operate freely in a self administrative party respecting the conditions set by law. Here, a methodology to aim toward an uninterrupted democracy in a decentralized joint State will be suggested. A local citizen has to become a bona fide representative of the local system
Févrot, Olivier. "Recherche sur la notion de démocratie locale." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020067.
Full textLeylavergne, Hélène. "Démocratie locale et citoyenneté en droit public français." Lyon 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO22016.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to demonstrate that French public law emphasizes the principle of local democracy by giving to citizens the possibility of taking part in the process of local decision making. Howewer in this field law produces its own limits as the representative system is also used at the local level and forbids direct democracy. And public law never definies what is a citizen unless as an elector. From these contradictions and unclearness grows an hazy law which does not give to the citizen any legal safety as local democracy is concerned. The thesis is organised according to the level of the citizen's integration according to the law in the local decision process. The study deals with the right to informations, the right to be consulted, the right to be associated to the decisions and the right to stand against local public decisions
Perini, Eliana Conceição. "La citoyenneté locale comme produit d'une démocratie participative : institutionnalisation et démocratisation de la gestion décentralisée de l'administration locale (le statut de la ville au Brésil)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100073.
Full textThe subject of local citizenship requires a deep reflection on the future of democracy, which, notwithstanding the subtlety of its legal-theoretical-nature, must consider conceptual clarification. In view of democratic experience, by now reaching as far back as several centuries, due to concepts providing a theoretical meaning coherent with the generic notion of “power of the people”, local citizenship becomes a concept based on the practice of local, participative democracy – the experience of a participative budget in Porto Alegre is the basis of Town Statute, Law No. 10257/2001 in Brazil, where the participation budget has become federal law. In analysing the performance of this law on the field, participative democracy in progress has been observed for many years. This phenomenon has in the long term generated a different citizenship from the traditional one: here we are referring to the concept of local citizenship
Paoletti, Marion. "Analyse de la démocratie locale à travers la génèse institutionnelle du référendum." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40007.
Full textThe research is built round the referendum understood as a pertinent "analysiser" of the french local democracy and of its evolution, from a lighting situated in the same time in a political order (the ambiguities of politicians in their perception of democracy) and in a juridical order (the codification and legislative framework of referendum). If the referendum is a pertinent "analysiser", it is because it contradicts the traditionnal conception of local democracy. It is a question of showing ho the perception of referendum by politicans has progressively moved, especially by the diffusion of a new standard (the participation), inspiriting different practices. We also demonstrate how their persistent opposition against the codification of referendum, in order to keep the mastership of the process, has moved to accept it. So , i built my work in 3 phases : the change of the reference 819, the change of practices (2), the institutionnel change (3)
Hinnou, Patrick. "Négocier la démocratie au quotidien : élites politiques, forces sociales et citoyens ordinaires dans les arènes locales au Bénin." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083965.
Full textConcentrating on the Mono department (particularly the Communes of Lokossa and Houéyogbé) while considering its relations to the national arena, the empirical study discusses mechanisms of negotiating democracy between local elites, social forces and ordinary citizens in Benin (West Africa). As a study in political and development sociology, it combines sociological and historical perspectives in order to grasp local particularities in the appropriation of democracy. The analysis of interfaces between individual strategies, modes of operation used by political leaders and of the dynamics of organised social groups reveals an over-appropriation of multiparty systems, a crisis of party legitimacy, social foundations of male domination of the political sphere, the embedded logics of voting, a hyper-fragility of local governance and a made in Benin-recipe applied to prevent a catch-all-civil society. Via an in-depth examination of interactions relating to power, of the advantages provided by power and of participatory initiatives, the author provides a new perspective on local-level politics and confirms his multidimensional co-negotiation theory of political commitment. This research allows to observe how democracy is rendered profitable and taken hostage by its actors. But it also shows how these actors define contents that bring democracy into life and keep it going. The forms in which they appropriate democracy show how they feel their way, what they hope to achieve and by what they are deceived, but at the same time carry their hopes of a communitarian political life inside the Communes of Lokossa and Houéyogbé as well as in the national arena
Mozol, Patrick. "La participation du public à la vie municipale." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32037.
Full textThe participation of citizens to the local government management is a theme that keeps coming out of the local administrations. It partakes of ideas about democracy and local citizenship, which are notions that have taken a new dimension since the decentralization laws. For the past twenty years, the legislative power has striven to favorite public intervention in local policies. Even though the public participation is more and more codified by legislative texts which have largely reinforced its institutional dimension, participating to the local government management is mainly based on voluntarism. It relies above all on the initiative and the mobilization of the main local representatives and citizens. Yet, if participating democracy is particulary demanding at local level, the building of a local participatory democracy that departs from the traditional media of representation is not as siple as it seems. Numerous shifts between the idea of participatory principles on the one Hand and the juridical and experimental reality of participation on the other hand reveal the difficulty of undertaking such a task
Ba, Ousmane. "La prise de décisions locales : les procédés pour plus de démocratie." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMD005/document.
Full textToday, everybody agrees that, for effective local democracy, there must be a residents' involvement in decision making. This idea is not new, and national and local authorities have realized that it can not be done without going through a decentralization of the French government to "empower" local governments and their populations. Thus in the 1970s, while the desire for decentralization is accurate, it is worn on the left by dreams and self-management, right through the modern giscardienne fraction. However, the difficulties of implementing local participatory democracy held its relationship with local representative democracy. The second dominating the first, it resulted necessarily measures of implementation of local participatory democracy and failures in its operation. Despite recent changes in standards relating to the election of members of public inter-municipal cooperation, the establishment of territorial advisors and their mode of election which show some improvement, paradoxes still exist such as the confusion of local authorities the benefit of the Executive. This is why it is time to renew and refresh the process of local decision-making by the reforms: -an overhaul of the current organization of local authorities to allow placement of a clear and identified local authority within a State refocused its sovereign powers. -taking into account practical theories of contemporary political philosophy to deepen the concept of participatory democracy
Pasca, Carmen. "La construction de la démocratie locale en Roumanie post communiste après 1989." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR21014.
Full textAudoye, Benjamin. "Les votations à l'initiative des collectivités territoriales et des groupements de communes." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10013.
Full textOnly the concept of “local polling” covers both public consultation and referendums at a local level. Having been repudiated under a Third Republic eager to assert parliamentary sovereignty, local polling was later accepted by central authority. The current resurgence in its popularity testifies to the emergence of a localised power base. If this emergence appears genuine by reason of the recognition of local polling in French public law, it is nonetheless rendered modest because of the limited scope of the subjects polled. Although central power has accepted the principle of local polling, it has not drawn all the proper lessons attendant upon this principle. Indeed, the resurgence of polling can appear so restricted and shackled as to suggest it is no more than a disguised extension of central power. The power of local elected officials is thereby reduced, while that of the electorate is negated. Nothing less than substantial reform of the system of local consultation would ensure a genuine demonstration of local power in the matter of polling
Oblet, Thierry. "En quête de ville : politiques urbaines et développement de la démocratie." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR21011.
Full textThe purpose of these thesis is to study the progress of democracy through the history of urban policies in France from the 19th century to our days. Until the second world war, the state were reluctant to take charge of urban problems. These were dealt with by the civil service apart from public debate. In the sixties, the state decided to control urban growth. In order to respect democracy, the state instituted methods of participation which were soon denounced as manipulation. Since the eighties, with the "politique de la ville", political action has no longer been reduced to the only behalf of the state. It means the development of local democracy in the institution of urban policies
Ferran, Nicolas. "La démocratie de proximité dans les exécutifs municipaux montpelliérains (1977-2011) : (Re)configurations clientélaires d’une offre municipale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD053/document.
Full textThe question treated by this thesis is to know to what extent mayor's councilors in charge of participatory projects use their executive position to build political leadership by recruitment and mobilization of supports among local society. By putting this interrogation, we analyze the role of these councilors and the use of their institutional resources in connection with clientelist practices of political activity. The demonstration aims at enlightening the transformation of executive positions dedicated to participatory democracy, their symbolic and material foundation and their uses in relation with the transformation of municipalities' political and administrative configurations. We demonstrate that those councilors convert their executive resources into material satisfaction transmitted on the basis of personalized exchanges with citizens. Far from the normative objectives promoted by political actors, participatory tools are in fact clientelist tools. Form this point of view, the reactivation of participatory offer observed in Montpellier in 2008 is an attempt lead by new political actors to reconfigure clientelist exchanges institutionalized over the past twenty years
Bennour, Abdelmajid. "La participation des habitants à l'amélioration de leur cadre de vie : représentations sociales et stratégies des acteurs et des groupements dans deux quartiers populaires : théories et pratiques." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081467.
Full textTheoretical and empirical analysis show that different meanings of participation exit (participation solidarity, participation-dispute and participationmanagement) and that several groups of inhabitants who have their own logical and strategy of action coexist. For some institutional actors, participation means the possibility of having the inhabitants to adhere to their plans - and is conceived as an instrument of management. For others, it means on the contrary a possibility to mobilize the inhabitants of one neighbourhood, to create a bound of solidarity and/or to contest the decisions taken by institutional actors. Three types of groups can be distinguished in one quarter that will develop logics and various strategies of action according to local context and the position of actors one to another and the relation to the overall social system. The groups promote various participations (militants, voluntaries, users, beneficiaries, etc. ) and can come into conflict, in competition or can be supplementary depending on the political context and each actor's position. In this context, partipation-management suggested by the institutional actors, in particular in one social quarter development, must take the actors configuration, in account in one social quarter where three types of groups exist. In this sens, the methods of participation suggested by elected representatives are at the same time the result of action strategies configuration developed by different actors and a new process of inhabitants participation
Fraboni, Maurizio. "Structures urbaines participatives : le cas de Pavie." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0045.
Full textThe city of pavia was one of the first italian cities to provide an institutional structure for community participation in local decision making. When this structure was devised in the 1970's there was great enthusiasm about the idea and great expectations regarding its practical application. This thesis attempts to provide a way to go beyond a debate which tends to express only subjective responsability, by examining the objective factors in play. In this context the following are analyzed: the relationship between the nature of spontaneous social mobilization and the quality of the community structure; the practice of community democracy in relationship to the contents of social politics and urban plnning; the impact of various institutional changes at national level on the pavia experience and finally social and demografic changes together with the cultural changes connected with them. Using this approach it is shown that the currently existing forms of participation have outlived their function and a new, more adeguate model is proposed. However, by now the political and social actors involved in the structure feel frustated by it
Sirmen, Marianne. "La démocratie participative en milieu urbain : les comités de quartier toulousains." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10050.
Full textDournes, Anne-Sophie. "Pouvoir et citoyenneté dans l’action politique municipale : monographie d’Épinay-sur-Seine autour de son basculement électoral, 1999-2004." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090061.
Full textThis doctoral thesis presents a monograph of Epinay-sur-Seine, a medium-sized town in the Department of Seine-Saint-Denis which, during the period surveyed, underwent massive changes due to its political swing in March 2001. This monograph has a theoretical aim, namely, to examine the positions, roles and powers of the various actors of the local political scene, and in the first place, of the mayor himself. The method used combines an analysis of public politics and an anthropological approach. The first part will clarify the theoretical positioning and the method. The second part : ‘The town and its moments” will analyse thr ee moments of the local democratic, elections, town council meetings and public meetings. The third part will analyse three local policies : law and order, culture and “local life. The forth part will lead on to a typology of the various actors taking part in the local political game and its decision-making process. The demonstration of the pivotal position of the mayor in this political game where many actors are involved will permit in fine to analyse the place of the citizens and thus, to examine the democratic dimension of the local political life
Alvarez, Vacca Fabian Enrique. "¿Hacia una nueva democracia in Venezuela? : análisis comparativo de la democracia local." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21617.
Full textGret, Marion. "De l'expérience de démocratie participative de Porto Alegre." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030106.
Full textThis thesis focuses on local public policies of citizen participation in Porto Alegre (Brazil). The experience is enlighted by those of Rosario (Argentina) and Montevideo (Uruguay). Two forms of democracy make the mechanisms of participation : participative democracy and representative democracy. Their respective logics are both necessary to build a public sphere of participation. Three stages are making out the public sphere construction. During those phases the administrative attributions are changing, altering progressively the traditional structures of political power and action making them more dynamic. Finally, the mechanisms of participation appear as a public policy with full meaning the aim of which is to promote apparition, formulation and concretisation of collective interest. In that perspective, the public, now plural, becomes a demanding beneficiary but also a state actions inspector and an ordering agent. In front of the democratic representativity crisis, Porto Alegre is presenting itself as an alternative. Its exemple reaches a big range in Latin America and in the world
Vergne, Antoine. "Kleros et Demos : la théorie du tirage au sort en politique au banc d’essai de la pratique de la Planungszelle et du jury citoyen." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0036.
Full textThe field of investigation of this thesis is a body of texts containing proposals for the introduction of random selection schemes in politics. The thesis questions the relevance and coherence of these texts: do the publications form a theoretical ensemble that could be labelled as a “theory of aleatory democracy”? If so, do the expectations raised by its supporters remain merely utopian or do they stand the test of the political practice? The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the text corpus leads to the conclusion that we are in fact dealing with the emergence of a theory and that the analysed authors develop a common argumentative frame and common expectations: the use of random selection in politics could be a solution to overcome the crises of liberal democracies. Its use would allow a better formal and substantial representation, a qualitatively and quantitatively increased participation, and give birth to a new, more procedural and dynamic form of legitimacy. These expectations are then tested with the help of two mini-publics, that is to say, experiments in participatory democracy that use random selection to recruit their participants: a Planungszelle (Planning Cell) and a jury citoyen (Citizens Jury). The qualitative empirical investigation shows that most of the expectations are fulfilled, although only in a limited geographical, social and political frame. These results raise the double question of the conditions for the realization of the theory and of the possible improvement of the mini-public mechanisms through institutional engineering
Herzberg, Carsten. "Der Bürgerhaushalt in Europa : Europäische Kommunen auf dem Weg zur Solidarkommune?" Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/150984413#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis thesis tries to answer the question how municipalities can deal in a better way with the challenges of globalization. More precisely the involvement of citizens in local politics is investigated. Is citizen participation a suitable instrument for a better governance of local political institutions? The central hypothesis states that the existing concepts of local democracy are not sufficient to tackle the new challenges and therefore a new strategy is needed. For this reason we propose the "Solidarkommune" (solidarity commune) as concept, which is based on participative modernization of administration, social justice and ecological responsibility. It is analyzed under which conditions participation can link these three dimensions of the new concept and contribute to a positive outcome. The thesis investigates these questions in four steps: First the challenges of globalization are identified, then existing concepts are analyzed and in the third and fourth part the conditions of the new concept are studied by case studies of participatory budgets in Germany and other European countries. In each chapter the definition of the new concept will be specified. . The concluding part contains criteria for the practical application as well as a theoretical framework of the "Solidarkommune"
Humain-Lamoure, Anne-Lise. "Faire des territoires de démocratie locale : géographie socio-politique des quartiers en Ile-de-France." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010638.
Full textGiraux, Denis. "Les procédés d'initiative populaire dans l'administration locale suisse : plaidoyer pour une démocratie plus directe sous forme d'approches multiples d'un phénomène complexe." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020045.
Full textDirect democracy is a very old (redisual) form of organisation in our societies. In switzerland, independently of the federal sphere, various popular initiatives are exerted intensely at the cantonal and and communal level in the context of a highly diversified legislation and under the control of local authorities and or judge with a jurisprudential refinement applied in fine by the federal tribunal of lausanne this frequent local activity of popular voting performed by a wide range of individuals. Political parties, interst groups and other concerns a wide range of subjects; it has never beeen stueid systematically in all swiss cantons and communes. However, swiss (direct democracy is not devoid of criticisms which reflect the malaise of an economically over-developed society neverless faced with certain problems : complexity of the questions submitted to the vote, a high rate of abstentic deficient political education, poor treatme nt of foreigners, disparity of wealth, predominant importance of the economy. These elements cloud the excessively optimistic vision of an idyllic consensual model. This proposal is presented in the form of a tritych : theory, procedure, practice. In order to understand the complex phonomenon of popular initiative, it must be more clearly situated in its particular context : switerland. Based on an extensive review, a worlwide overview of recent development of the use of referenda is presented and local practices in france are
Roche, Elise. "Territoires institutionnels et vécus de la participation en Europe : la démocratie en question au travers de trois expériences (Saint-Denis, Reggio Emilia, Berlin)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01650153.
Full textThe present thesis is dedicated to the relationship between the nature of a territory, the suburbs, and participative democracy. This study is realized comparing three European districts in order to understand the European specificity which consists in the participative management of peripheral neighbourhoods. Although quite different, these three experiments present strong similarities as shown in a first part -concrete projects, debates. . . They are then analyzed through the social events occurring after second World War and at the end of the 19th century. Some echos can be pointed out in the actor speeches as well as in the various applications, which are both territorially --and nationally --de pendant. Nevertheless, they converge to meet the democratic requirements especially strong in these territories. The relationship between participative democracy and the location is next examined through the awareness of others and their differences, coined as "otherity". This constitutes an impulse at a local scale and participates to the macro-scale priority settlements, which activates the development of management policies of peripheral neighborhoods. The examination of the micro-scale conflicts due to "otherity" points ' the importance of the local scale and even more of the "out-of-the door"-space in participative democracy conclude, the main issue to be addressed is not to consider the participative democracy as a methodology in social policy but as an aim to attain
Bayraktar, Serdar Ulas. "Local participatory democracy : the Local Agenda 21 Project in Turkish cities." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/5405.
Full textThe present study aims at identifying the local contextual factors that determine the eventual democratic impact of new participatory mechanisms. For this purpose, we undertook a comparative analysis of two turkish cities, Bursa and Mersin, where the impact of a common participatory initiative, the local agenda 21 process, has been very significantly dissimilar. Three main factors appeared to be determining in this difference observed between the eventual democratic impact of the similar participatory mechanisms. First of all, the personal characteristics and attitudes of the mayors seemed to affect the evolution and the outcomes of the participatory process. Secondly, the ability and the tendency of cooperation and collective mobilisation of the local civil society have significantly determined the functioning as well as the eventual impact of such participatory mechanisms. And finally, the presence of urban coalitions among the main actors of a city appeared as a very important factor that facilitates the democratic efficiency of new participatory mechanisms
Hourcade, Mireille. "L'expression de la démocratie participative et représentative par dix constituants d'Émilie-Romagne." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010301.
Full textIn applying the principle of statutary autonomy (law n°142-90) these ten Emilia-Romagna communal constituents have enacted an extensive interpretation of participationnal institutions and furthermost regarding those of a facultative nature : the consultative referendum and the mediator. The councillors' will to develop citizens' participation beyond what the legislator has contemplated, is compensated by the recuperation of competences by the organism which they belong ; this organism being nevertheless divested by the national legislator of the general competence in favour of the executive board. This normative technique, as well as the determination of statutary prerogatives for councillors, compensate the effects deriving from the executive's reinforcement and stabilisation which recall the rationalisation of parlamentarism effected by the French constituant of 1958. If the ten constituents have instituted a proximity and day-to-day democracy by closely linking the citizens to the decision-making process, the political systems they give birth to, noticeably differ
Bakinde, Ngibayi Zahedi Augustin. "Dynamisme associatif et développement local : exemple du Mouvement Pour le Développement du Canton d'Omeng (MODECO), Cameroun." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100066.
Full textThe future of a society is essential for ils members who avant il to improve and usually act in this way. The nationals. From the canton of Omeng, in department ofSanaga-Martime, are particularly involved in their future. They put ail their effort into il and they devole much of their lime to il. The problem of southern countries development goes more and more through local initiatives at the level of departments, districts, regions even cantons. The voluntary policier showed their limits because of the weak mobilization of the human and equipment resources and because of the inadequacy of government politics regarding local development. This situation led the Cameroonian elites to gel involved in their respective areas as actors of a self-centred development, a commun identiry responsible for a Community development. They look into considération human factors in a new def nition of the development strategies and they set up a vital system which would insure the emancipation qf men and women committed to the development protes. Il is from this point of view that Omeng Canton elite set up MODECO - Movement for the Omeng Canton Development - whose principles are solidariry, union, progress, democracy, participation and development
Gourgues, Guillaume. "Le consensus participatif : les politiques de démocratie dans quatre régions françaises." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586372.
Full textColin, Déborah. "Histoire de la municipalité d'Evry : étude de la vie politique et des mutations du pouvoir municipal de Charles Bonaventure Delage à Manuel Valls (1787-2008)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE015/document.
Full textEvry used to be a small village of approximately 600 citizens at the beginning of the French Revolution before it became the « Prefecture » of the Essonne department in the 20th century with finally about 52 000 inhabitants in 2006. The object of this thesis is to understand the changes of Evry’s town council related to its progressive transformations of scale and status. Several periods emerge, reflecting the changes of France from the 19th to the 20th century. After the implementation of the municipality and Alexandre Aguado’s action as « mayor-sponsor » from 1831 untill 1841, the municipal government developed with two great families : the Decauvilles, then the Pastrés. In 1947, the Gaullist Michel Boscher is elected mayor. Under his mandate, profound upheavals left their marks on the city and the municipality. In 1965, the creation of the new town was decided and Michel Boscher became an influential politician. Being a controversial politician, he was beaten by Claude Jeanlin in the 1977 local elections. After a few years, Claude Jeanlin was replaced by two other politicians of particular importance for France : Jacques Guyard and Manuel Valls
Chaufer, David. "La loi du 1er juillet 1901 sur les rapports entre collectivites locales et associations : analyse d'un processus de clarification." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMD011.
Full textWojcik, Stéphanie. "Délibération électronique et démocratie locale : le cas des forums municipaux des régions Aquitaine, Languedoc-Roussillon et Midi-Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Toulouse 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485903.
Full textValentin, Élodie. "Les dynamiques invisibles de la démocratie locale : L'expérience du projet social d'une maison de quartier à Dunkerque." Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0361/document.
Full textThis research deals with issues linked to local democracy and institutional innovation. Through empirical exploration of the construction of a territory project coordinated by different kinds of actors from a community centre in Dunkirk, we noted that the perceptible quality of intersubjectivities both gives birth to appropriate symbols and new frameworks for dynamic collaborative actions. Spaces are constructed that way : they are those of continuous socialization through which political interests raise. Having mediators coach this kind of sensitive societal game is an important stake. Our civic capabilities develop that way because links between these spaces and the forms taken by citizenship reflect social interactions built upon the experience of consideration. They are places of exchange of social representations. Thus, varied and innovative collective deliberations processes build delicate balances between actors of a given territory. Our research propose to highlight the sensitive springs of the forms of consent and solidarity in order to interrogate the collective management of emotions.In doing so, we have understood the specificities of citizenship competencies and the qualities of the public space. Our reflection is based upon a pragmatic thinking embodied by authors such as John Dewey, Erving Goffman but also Daniel Cefaï, George Marcus and Richard Shusterman. The latter combines with sociologies represented by Max Weber, Georg Simmel or Edgar Morin, and is completed at last with observations by Maurice Leblanc, Loïc blondiaux or Pierre Rosanvallon on democratic participation
Val, Nicolas. "La démocratie locale et la participation associative à la politique municipale : l'exemple de la ville de Rouen." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL525.
Full textThe democracy is on-going construction. Its evolution can be observed through its settlement at local stage. In France, the decentralization process and the set-up of urban policy have tended to deepen the thoughts and prctices in terms of citizen's political participating. This input is expressed in more and more cities through borough councils and associations. Both of this collective actors play a crucial role in the exercice of the citizenship and the construction of social links among theppopulation in urban areas. They also maintain complex, ambigous and diversified relations with local power. More especially as the elaboration of a local stage democracy constantly revive debate concerning about the connection between representative and participative de mocracy. As a result, associations determinantly act in numerous social transactions, conflicts and compromises
Thirion, Anne-Marie. "La gouvernance locale des écocités : regard comparatif France-Danemark." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G020.
Full textThis work deconstructs governance over four ecocity projects: two in Rennes (France), one in Copenhagen and another one in Helsingør (Denmark), which have been completed over one or several decades. The monitoring of these projects is carried out at the metropolitan level, but with a significant nation-state and European Union influence. These projects peculiarly highlight the views of public and private institutions or NGOs on large urban territories nowadays. The analysis covers different scales from a local or national to a supranational perspective. They also point out how well institutions are managed, and question how consistent public action and local democracy is in today's globalized world. My research is based on two hypotheses. It first assumes the emergence of a new governance model between public and private stakeholders across these state-of-the-art urban projects. Secondly, it raises the question of new patterns based on marketing methods and communication tools. It raises therefore the question of common European building features. Finally, the purpose of this research is to deliver a new typology of urban sustainable projects, based on three pillars (economic, social and environmental) as suggested by the Brundtland report (1987), the international reference in sustainability, if any
Magbondo, Thierry. "Coopération décentralisée et processus de décentralisation en Afrique subsaharienne." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EVRY0009.
Full textThe thesis proposes to take stock of the support of the co-operation decentralizes with the process of decentralization in sub-Saharan Africa. It is at the same time a question of examing the satisfactory conditions so that the decentralized co-operation has positiive effects and raising the obstacles. The decentralized co-operation is a tool of support essential with the process of decentralization. Only, if decentralization is imposed on sub-Saharan Africa by the partners with the developpement, those must reform their mecanism of financing and adapt their legal environment to achieve the assigned goals : the local development ant the local democracy. The ambitions of the decentralized co-operation – concept of partnership and global solution – create waitings of the local authorities of the South to which the reality of the actions carried out and human means placed at their disposal do not answer. Taking into consideration experiment certain, the qualitative and quantitative impact of the co-operation decentralized with the process of decentralization remains modest
Louzé, Anne-Florence. "Peuple et pouvoir dans le Venezuela de Hugo Chávez : une voie d'avenir pour la démocratie ?" Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083088.
Full textThe severe crisis in which the Venezuelan society has been immersed since the middle of the 1980’s is translated after ten years by profound development of the institutional image and its relations of the internal forces. For some decision makers or analysts, Venezuela would be a case of a transition towards a socialist model, etatist in terms of economics, semi authoritarianism and unique in terms of politics. For others, Venezuela embodies a new route for the participative democracy. Arriving to power, he started to change not only the state electoral mechanisms, but also the total logic of the political spectrum, setting new forms of local self-organisations to guarantee the hegemony of his government. Most of them poor people, who have historically been excluded from the politic arena, have been incorporated as individuals. One of main of Venezuelan objectives of the interior politics is the effective participation of citizens in the management of their issues. The popularity of Hugo Chavez is essentially based on the endorsement of the most disadvantaged part of the society, who seems to be the beneficiary of reforms undertaken, and of a large range of social programs financed by the oil grace. If the question of the participation is a current issue for many democrats, the shapes that take in Venezuela are new and unusual. Venezuela, country of numerous resources and potentialities, declares its socialist and revolutionary identity and gets involve firmly in the “road of the participation”. This policy is marked by a strong tension between a declared wish to put in place the terms of an effective participation and temptation to hold a centralised control of the process of decision. Will the social reforms take root on a permanent basis? What kind of democracy will be in question? Do the Venezuelan regimen constitute an alternative to deformations and insufficiencies of the democracy representative, created in its time like a kind of proceed allowing to filter the sovereignty popular?
Monbeig, Michel. "La démocratie confisquée : analyse sociologique d'un principe d'action publique : la participation des habitants à la politique de la ville." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21423.
Full textThe democratization of public policies is, without doubt, the stake for local government. Do we want the inhabitants of inner cities to participate in local government? A postulate guides this argument: democracy can not be decreed in public policies. First, it is a social experience which leads the local actors to be confronted with their contradictions in between strategies, ideology and subjectivity. This doctoral thesis shows that the local actors are taken in local political systems, in a more or less voluntary way, and create the expulsion of the local political system of inner cities inhabitants. The expulsion is built through public meetings during which the linguistics exchanges strongly reinforce the political expulsion of the poorest. The participation of citizens in local democracy questions the respect of the fundamental right to equality, since the law strongly suggests to considerate citizen as an actor in the project of politique de la Ville. The participation questions the representation of interest of inner cities inhabitants to whom it is asked to tell their specific situation in a broader program. At last, the participation questions citizenship when citizens are asked to participate in the model of local democracy. It is known for a long time that there is a strong link between economic exclusion situations and participation in local democracy. The more the individual is disqualified by economical policies, the more he is expulsed of economical systems of participation in production or consummation of cultural goods. And the more the citizen is disqualified the strongest his disinterest for political policies and political representation is. The participation in public political action becomes a supplementary confrontation between social groups with divergent interest. The work is still to be done: political participation from confiscated has to become shared between actors of local government
Mariette, José. "La Social-Démocratie locale, modèle politique pour la Guadeloupe et la Martinique ? : réflexions sur l'espace socio-politique Antillais." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081122.
Full textThe end of this century characterizes by the triumph of the economic liberalism, by the fall of the marxism and the electoral decline of the social-democracy. Nevertheless the worrisome of the social exclusion in europe westerner could have restore a boom to to the social western democracy, by remaining framed by the european liberal community right. The french west indies are found also under the empriose of the economic liberalism, gold policies of tax allowance inspirations have not succeeded to decrease the unemployment and to slow the economic decline. The author propose to conciliate the economic development and the social justice, by the cooperation between the different local collectivities and by a common modernization between the two departments. It proposes also a reform of the local taxes, in order that the taxe becomes an instrument of the social justice. The disfavored people could benefit from the material goods minimum
Taieh, Zahra. "La conduite du pouvoir local dans la cité : étude de deux cas de la démocratie participative en France et en Iran." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070003.
Full textStarting from a general problem of the role of participatory democracy in the territorial public policy, we suggest to apply the concept of "participation of civil society. " Contemporary democracies seek a new spirit, a new Traditional foundation. Traditional forms of political representation follow, but diminishes their legitimacy and effectiveness declines. The political crisis of representation and forms of government are accompanied by a challenge to the scientific and technological power from which are also legitimated the public policy. In a context of questioning the role of the State, citizen participation would be a contributing factor, both a new political legitimacy and modernization of local public management. People participation engage a broad reflections by querying the French and banian democracy and the role of people outside election periods in a representative system
Dostálová, Kristýna. "On the demand and supply of local public goods : a quasi-experimental approach." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G003.
Full textThe aim of the PhD thesis is to study the demand and supply sides of local public good provision. Demand driven models, such as the median voter theorem or the Meltzer and Richard hypothesis, state that the characteristics and preferences of the electorate are the main forces driving public decisions. Models focusing on the supply side argue instead that the composition of governing bodies (e.g., number of parties, ideology of elected officials) is the key explanatory factor. The thesis seeks to shed light on the connection between the two categories of explanations, through a series of empirical essays, using a quasi-experimental approach to study the local public sector in France and Finland.The analysis of operating expenditures of the French Departments shows that left-wing governments do not spend more on social assistance than their right-wing counterparts. Spending levels depend instead on the number of welfare recipients and their type: children, unemployed, disabled and elderly people. For Finnish municipalities, the quasi-experimental approach indicates that there is no significant difference between the expenditures of majority governments and those of minority governments. The demand side, i.e., the electorate, thus seems to play an important role in explaining policy choices in the two countries
Richard, Marie-Pierre. "La citoyenneté locale en Suède. Permanences, recompositions et mises à l’épreuve." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20019/document.
Full textStudies on citizenship in Sweden carried out in France have mostly focused on the national level. However local government in cities, counties or regions has become highly legitimate to address citizenship over the last decades. Local authorities implement at their level the most part of the redistributive social welfare, hence social citizenship is largely granted by them.However local citizenship is changing. The egalitarian myth that once grounded the "Folkhem" is put under question due to social, economic and political changes that produce inequalities. The "imagined Community" that used to bind citizens is weakened by those rising inequalities but also by the increase of far-right political parties. This community struggles to adapt to this new context.Citizens are less prone to act in the traditional virtuous circle of civic literacy but rather in the context of political Trust. New pragmatic, civic behaviours, based on responsibility for the environment and on economic choices can be observed. In this context, debates tackle essentially challenges sparked by social and ethnical inequalities. This study shows that the local level matters when it comes to the practice and the implementation of citizenship in Sweden
Amblard, Fabrice. "Contrôles et contentieux administratifs des collectivités territoriales. Exemples en territoires aquitains depuis 1926." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE0003/document.
Full textControl is not a unitary legal concept, and those interesting French local governments articulate. Theintroduction of decentralization in the aftermath of the French Revolution, until the recent law of 16 December2010, the evolution of these controls is intrinsically linked to the state of local democracy and justiceadministrative. Process is crucial to ensuring a unitary state and guarantor of legality, the controls exercised bythe state fluctuated between supervisory objectives and audit objective, and thus pose the question of theircompatibility with the respect for freedom of Directors these communities by elected councils. Simultaneously,the control of citizens on these communities are weakened by heterogeneous local citizenship and localdemocracy finally captured by a complex caste politics to the point that the effectiveness of these controls raisesquestions citizens. Finally, respect for individual rights against the powers of local government powers requiresthe intervention of an independent judge, both against individuals and contractors a local authority in respect ofother citizens. Created by the law of 28 Pluviose year VIII, establishing the Conseil d’Etat, and the Conseils deprefecture, administrative law cases is at the heart of these control processes. Through the establishment of inter-Tips Conseils de prefecture in 1926, the Administrative Tribunals in 1953 and finally Administrative Courts ofAppeal in 1987, the administrative judge was, and remains, the referee controls the powerful multidirectionalinteresting local authorities
Legrand, Christian. "Maîtrise d'ouvrage publique et nouvelles règles de concurrence : secteurs bâtiment et infrastructures." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29020.
Full textThis doctoral thesis consists in elaborating and proposing adaptation and mutation's sketch-plans linked with new European Directives. This mutation is also defined by the introduction of the exploitation's functions and the management of the future equipment. In addition, it also has to integrate the concepts of local democracy by the way of citizen concert. This reflexion has been inspired by the concepts of general interest and public utility
Ambroise-Renault, Valérie. "Indicateurs de développement soutenable dans le logement : une approche systémique de la soutenabilité." Troyes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TROY0004.
Full textModern development conveys a relationship to the world dominated by a positivist approach. To build up a method of assessing sustainability that severs the ties with this dominant paradigm, we combined the systemic approach of human communications to the need to relocate economy. This resulted in the definition of three criteria regarding the elaboration of sustainability indicators: the paradigm underlying the assessment (systemic), their purpose (local management), and the indicators visibility (direct or from expert systems). In practice, the different ways to assess a "good" development hardly meet these three criteria. We therefore suggest a systemic approach as a conceptual framework to elaborate participatively indicators specific to each system of actors and its context. We have applied this method to French housing sector, which has enabled us to identify three major stakes for housing sustain-ability: the discrepancy of purposes between actors, the lack of visibility concerning flows and their impacts, and the focus on some aspects only of sustainability. Initiatives coming from civil society and having taken into account these three stakes helped us formalize concrete indicators, assembled in a "compass" aiming to assess "the sustainability systemic profile" of a housing project. Two case studies are presented in order to study the impact of a housing sustainability profile on its performances as well as the ability of institutional measures to encourage the construction of high sustainability profile housings
Volponi, Anne-Françoise. "La Médiation : les échanges localisés comme procès de démocratisation." Perpignan, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PERP0462.
Full textDamba, Nicole. "Education à la paix." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081774.
Full textPremat, Christophe. "La pratique du référendum local en France et en Allemagne : le moment référendaire dans la temporalité démocratique." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294728.
Full textBa, Samba Aly. "Processus de décentralisation au Mali et les effets sociopolitiques de la gouvernance locale sur les usages : Conflits de leadership et jeux de coopération des acteurs locaux dans le cercles de Diéma et de Nioro du Sahel." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0043.
Full textFrom the 90’s, Mali got into a real decentralization process. But most of the decentralized territorial entities face the challenges of local governance. The community-based management that this new situation implies leads to open frameworks for consultations and decision-making for a large number of citizens. This is not without creating conflicts of competence between the ministerial administrative supervisor, the decentralized services of the state, the local collectivities, and the actors of the decentralized cooperation, the civil society, the traditional chieftaincies and the communities of villages. Indeed, the studies on local governance and decentralization policies have become a canonical object in political science. But it still remains current news. In political science, “local governance” stems generally from “political governance”. It refers to the forms of coordination, which include a plurality of actors. In that sense, the local public action is not the only fact of elected authorities who are obliged to involve the plurality of actors in the decisional process. Local governance creates situations of a combination of actors who belong to different socio-political and professional areas. It implies “power sharing” in the decision-making process and the recognition of a multiplicity of stakeholders in the management of the community affairs. The objective of this socio-political reflection, from the experience of Mali, especially in the circles of Diema and Nioro du Sahel, is to study the local socio-political landscape from the local governance conflicts due to the management of the community development equipment, the decentralized cooperation and local development programs. It is also about how to find in the African past of fertilizing elements that promote relevant decentralization process adapted to our progress and rview holders
Le, Rudulier Stéphane. "L' "e-démocratie " : un renouvellement des modes d'exercice du pouvoir et / ou une redéfinition des modes d'expression des citoyens ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32104.
Full textS’interroger sur la place des nouveaux médias dans le renouvellement des figures de la démocratie notamment dans le cadre d’une réflexion sur la crise de la représentation et du décentrement des formes de la démocratie, amène a fortiori beaucoup de réponses très diverses et contradictoires. Néanmoins, la forme politique des nouveaux médias, lorsqu’elle n’est pas négligée, est souvent considérée comme un trouble fait encombrant. La manière dont les nouveaux médias sont évoqués à travers le débat public rend parfois peu justice à certaines de leurs propriétés fondamentales. De façon « paresseuse » sans doute, le symptôme y est souvent pris pour la cause : ce sont alors la crise de la presse, la qualité de l’information, la « peopolisation » de la vie politique, la défiance des citoyens qui sont couramment imputées au développement des nouveaux médias.Outre le fait, qu’elles voient une concurrence là, où, à notre sens, il faudrait analyser les interdépendances par une approche systémique, certaines représentations s’intéressent beaucoup plus aux effets des nouveaux médias, qu’aux profondes raisons de chacune des crises dont ils sont faits responsables. Or, ces crises ne sauraient être expliquées par des outils techniques aussi singulières que soient leurs architectures. Il convient néanmoins de s’interroger sur la nature des usages qui ont rendu aussi désirable que populaire ce nouvel ensemble de technologies regroupées sous le terme de « nouveaux médias ».C’est tout l’intérêt de notre démarche que d’explorer les fondements de la crise de représentation que traverse notre démocratie en élargissant le questionnement sur les normes du Politique bien au-delà de ses formes consacrées. Et nous semble-t-il, c’est en tout cas le chemin argumentatif que nous avons essayé de parcourir, les nouveaux médias désignent une forme politique spécifique, qui peut s’avérer être un soutien essentiel de la démocratie représentative, notamment au niveau local
Richard-Ferroudji, Audrey. "L'appropriation des dispositifs de gestion locale et participative de l'eau - Composer avec une pluralité de valeurs, d'objectifs et d'attachements." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420595.
Full textBirck, Jean-Nicolas. "Les nouveaux enjeux de la démocratie participative locale : pratiques et usages de la participation citoyenne à Nancy et au Conseil général de Meurthe-et-Moselle." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN20002/document.
Full textIn front of the multiplication of the participative bends in the management of public policies, it is crucial to wonder about the capacity of participative democracy to constitute an element of the mutation of local politics. This reflection collided for a long time with critical positions interpreting its developement as an imposture intended to throw a democratic veil on procedures still so opaque and calcified as well as in normative postures trying to promote a shape of civic commitment pure and authentic. Our study proposes to enrich a pragmatic approach to determine the real conditions of its implementation and its concrete effects. This work is led, to report better the heterogeneousness of the participative logics and practices, on a comparative analysis of several devices, on the scale of the city of Nancy and the departement of Meurthe-et-Moselle. In this framework, we were able to observe a phenomenon of institutionalization of the citizen participation within local authorities. The conditions of the emergence of a participation standard guiding public action however appear to indicate a certain restraint, characterized by the limitation of the field of application of the participative procedures or of the kind of citizens knowledges mobilized. The effects provoked by the application of the participative standard on the local public space also raise numerous ambiguities. The studied devices seem very remote from deliberative and participative theoretical frames. Also, the lake of inclusion as well as the obstinacy of logics of politicization appropriate for the representative system questions about the capacity of the participative democracy to meet the challenges which she suggests nevertheless surmounting