Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Démocratisation de l'enseignement – Évaluation – France'
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Grenet, Julien. "Démocratisation scolaire, politiques éducatives et inégalités : une évaluation économique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0029.
Full textThis thesis evaluates the economic impact of three of the most important educational policies that fostered the democratization of education in France: the lengthening of compulsory education, the definition of school catchment areas and the practice of secondary school tracking. This work's main objective is to measure the consequences of these policies on various forms of educational inequalities using French data: these include economic inequalities, socio-spatial inequalities and inequalities induced by the date of birth. We start by assessing the impact of the Berthoin reform, which raised in 1967 the minimum school leaving age from 14 to 16, on educational and labor market outcomes and compare its effects to those of the 1973 British Education Act, which raised the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 in the United Kingdom. We then perform a theoretical and empirical analysis of the interaction between school admission ruIes, residential stratification and educational inequalities. We develop a theoretical model to evaluate the properties of alternative school enrollment schemes (strict school zoning, redrawing of school attendance boundaries, school choice) and then quantify the impact of middle school performance on housing prices in the city of Paris. Finally, we carry out a systematic evaluation of the effects of the month of birth on educational attainment and labor market outcomes
Jouvenceau, Maxime. "Produire des valeurs scolaires dans toutes les classes ? : flux et fictions dans l'enseignement et les établissements." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100093/document.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to analyse the mechanisms governing the fluxes of pupils and students in the French education system from ethnographical and statistical angles. Differentiation of the pupils' careers takes place essentially in high school, the second cycle of secondary education. This differentiation has consequences in terms of inequalities of learning and thereby of the subsequent paths followed in higher education. The differences as regards academic learning are one of the reasons why the educational contract between teachers and pupils is losing impetus. Pupils engaged in the least valued sectors of secondary education are aware of their second-best status and consequently do not place great expectations in their academic future. Pupils following the "best" streams of the baccalauréat can entertain high hopes as they acquire an "academic ranking" which is acknowledged in higher education or on the job market. The organisation of the baccalauréat streams allows a marginal academic mobility but an insidious fiction of equality blankets the mechanisms governing the fluxes. This fiction results in the pupils believing less not only in the educational institution but also in their cursus. Analysis of the mechanisms involved in the educational system should question their "usefulness" and their "efficiency" rather than their strictly equalitarian functioning. This analysis standpoint enables the possibilities of maximisation of the pupils' acquisition of knowledge and, more broadly speaking, of their "academic values" to be envisaged, whatever their academic class or social background
Gouëdard, Pierre. "Teachers’ careers and students’ paths in higher education : three essays on public policy evaluation." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0002/document.
Full textThis thesis presents three ex-post evaluations of public policies in France in the education field. Each section aims to contribute to the interdisciplinary analytical framework of evaluation, by using the tools of econometric modelization. The first chapter focus on the effects on secondary teachers, of the 2003 reform of the public retirement system (modification of financial incentives). Stock and Wise model is structurally estimated. The second chapter measures the impact of a feature of the 2010 reform (following-up of the 2003 reform), namely the increase in the minimum legal age of retirement, on sick leaves of secondary teachers. A theoretical optimization model is built in order to develop hypothesis, that are then tested in dynamic non-linear panel data regressions. The last chapter evaluates the impact at the high-school level of a French program of affirmative action. A classic differences-in-differences methodology measures how the program affects the access rate to higher education
Bellarbre, Elodie. "Compenser les inégalités dans le secondaire en France : études à partir des enquêtes PISA, CEDRE et TALIS." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCG008/document.
Full textThe fight against educational inequality is one of the foundational principles of education in France. Implementing equal opportunity and the fight against social and geographical inequality are inscribed in the first article in the Code of Education. However, educational inequality persists and has continued to increase these past years. Using data sets from threedifferent international and national evaluations (PISA, Cedre, and TALIS), this dissertation seeks to bring a new perspective on the reduction of inequality for students enrolled in secondary education in France
Larue, Jean-Paul. "Démocratisation et distinction : démocratisation de l'accès aux baccalauréats et réaction des catégories sociales favorisées." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H005.
Full textIn France, between 1985 and 1995, the proportion of "baccalauréats" owners has doubled and six out often young people obtain this diplomas. The investigation FQP 1993 and the study of students 1980 and 1989 allows to explain the movement towards democratization through a unique perspective : the accessibility of the "baccalauréats". Logistical method allows a better understanding of the genesis of social inequalities in academic success. Many studies show a global movement towards democratization, in terms of accessibility to the "baccalauréats", which is a detriment to the divesification that facilitates the possibilities of differentiation. A section by section analysis shows segregation within the movement of democratization. Children with a socially privileged background reinforce their presence in first-rate fields. This distinction allows socially privileged students to conserve, and even reinforce, their position academically and, consequently, scially as well
Viger, Estelle. "Les effets de la démocratisation de l'enseignement en France : Une étude empirique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00187032.
Full textEn tenant compte de ces différents facteurs, le taux de rendement du baccalauréat a largement chuté sur la période pour être désormais négatif autour de -1% alors que ceux des années post-bac ont convergé vers 10%, la licence demeurant toujours plus rentable que le master. D'autre part, le problème du déclassement du bac général s'accroît.
L'utilisation d'enquêtes plus riches en informations individuelles et relatives au passé familial montre qu'elles conditionnent aussi la réussite scolaire. La question de la poursuite ou de l'arrêt des études est soulevée. De nombreux élèves ont poursuivi leurs études alors qu'ils n'auraient, à priori, pas dû continuer et vice versa. Les sensibilités et le goût des études ont un fort impact sur ce choix mais sont des variables qualitatives typiquement non mesurables qui échappent à l'économétrie.
Caillé-Coutant, Catherine. "Acteurs sociaux et démocratisation de l'enseignement dans le Maine-et-Loire : 1957-1967." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081547.
Full textSapet-Malozon, Sandrine. "Les professeurs principaux de 3ème, acteurs majeurs de l'orientation scolaire et producteurs d'inégalités." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG025/document.
Full textOn the basis of an original field survey conducted over a school year, with 6 colleges in Bas-Rhin, we chose to place the Head teachers of the 4th year of high school (french 3eme) at the central point of our research. Head teachers are key actors in Educational guidance. They are the ones that will have continuous interactions with the Student and are undoubtedly the best prepared professionals to understand the Student in all its complexity and in its entirety. Head teachers will be the only referent to guide students and continuously forge close and privileged contacts with families. Moreover, they are also the spokesperson for the whole educational team, participate and lead various class councils and can therefore impact or influence on policy decisions. However, let us make no mistake, the role of head teachers is more difficult to hold than it seems. They are subject to a sum of constraints and to diverse aspects of pressure: formal and informal, explicit or implicit, conscious or unconscious. Given these facts, we can ask ourselves on the role of the head teacher as the main actor of Educational guidance and producer of inequalities
Rouault, Rémi. "La démocratisation de l'enseignement en France (1985-1993) : essai de lecture géographique des disparités du système éducatif français." Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN1158.
Full textSchool delicratization is a recurrent topic of French politic debate. After an historic resume and utilizable official informations analysis, school system evolution is observed at three levels : national level, regional level and local level. Between 1985 and 1993, school failure is decreasing but democratization is not achieved. Even if pupil’s numbers reach demographic effectifs, large inequalities stay from a school to one another. Now main differences oppose schools in cities, democratization is not complete and educational system is dual. More pupils study longer, yet 10% of pupils leave school with a low qualification level. The gap is increasing
Caillot, Mélanie. "Analyse démographique de l'élargissement de l'accès à l'enseignement supérieur." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40029.
Full textThe rise ine the level of diploma of the French population is one of the major changes occured during the 20th century. The main goal of this Ph-D dissertation is to use the tools at the disposal of the demographer to take a measure of such phenomenon. This work is decomposed in four key moments of the higher education. Firstly, one is interested in the "French baccalaureat", the first diploma of higher education, by establishing the evolution of the number of graduates in the generations while determining the characteristics of these new graduates, in regard to the continuation of higher learning. This analysis is focused on the entry in higher education and its territorialconsequences related to the migrations made necessary by the unequal distribution of the offer of formation on the metropolitan territory. Lastly, this work is completed with the issue of the exit of the higher education with the problem of devalue of the diplomas. Increased competition between the graduates leads them to adopt strategies like mobility, in particular towards the french Capital Paris, conferring an unquestionable advantage to occupy middle manager position. The whole of the analyses, which require at the same time historical and geographical treatments, relies mainly on the historical file of the households made up with the general censures of population from 1968 to 1999 (SAPHIR) while having recourse to specific survey on formation and professional qualification
Abadie, Florence. "Les spécificités disciplinaires et locales d'accès aux diplômes universitaires : effet-discipline et effet-site." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR20877.
Full textAlbanel, Xavier. "Le travail d'évaluation : l'inspection des professeurs de l'enseignement secondaire." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20078.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the assessment work carried out by regional inspectors among secondary school teachers. Every five years on average these teachers meet with their inspectors. The session begins with an observation of the teacher's work for a one-hour period and then proceeds with a private discussion. The final stage is the inspector's report which officializes the individual inspection and legitimizes the procedure. Yet what do we know exactly about this assessment activity consisting of observations, interviews and report writing ? Do inspectors have a pre-defined list of criteria helping them to check that professional practices are in accordance with instructions and to appreciate performances - or do they in situ devise a pragmatic system of analysis of the teacher's work ? As for teachers, how do they react to their being assessed ? How do they prepare themselves for the inspection ? How do they benefit from it? Our analysis of the inspecting process has been conducted through interviews both of inspectors and teachers, by observing real sessions of inspection and by analyzing nearly 500 reports. We shall first of all give an account of the formation of the professional group gathering inspectors and we shall then analyze inspectors' activities, emphasizing the observation of classroom activities, the way personal interviews are conducted and the writing of the inspector's report. Finally we shall consider the targets of the assessment process – namely teachers. We shall then argue that inspectors do not single-handedly control the inspecting process since teachers contribute to making it meaningful by integrating it in their professional activity
Lapostolle, Guy. "La démocratisation de l'enseignement secondaire sous les deux septennats de François Mitterrand." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00005205.
Full textTout en tentant de s'intégrer dans un vaste champ disciplinaire qui propose diverses hypothèses interprétatives des causes de dysfonctionnement du système éducatif, cette histoire politique questionne aussi chacune de ces hypothèses.
Cady, Arnaud. "Les discours des « républicains anti-pédagogues », 1983-2003 : étude critique d'une argumentation et de ses présupposés." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3028.
Full textSince the mid 1980’s, a school of thought has appeared, notably in written works. It denounces the reforms and the propositions for reforms of the educational system that originate from the pedagogical thought. This trend, which is often given the name of « républicain » claims that the situation in French schools is catastrophic and therefore it is appropriate to return to the school system of the past, the one that respected the so-called « républicain » principles and refused to give in pedagogical heresy. Without indulging in polemics, but in order to clarify the contemporary educational arguments, this thesis aims to analyze the « republicain » discourse and to reveal its major arguments and its founding principles. This clarification has become urgent at a time when the media-reinforced opposition between the « républicains » and the « pédagogues » favors exaggerated caricatures and paralysing polemics
Adangnikou, Noël. "Une évaluation de l'efficacité de l'enseignement supérieur français : le cas des classes préparatoires scientifiques." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00250430.
Full textans après la sortie de l'école le salaire des ingénieurs issus de CPGE est en moyenne supérieur de 3,5%.
Palheta, Ugo. "L'enseignement professionnel dans l'École massifiée : fonctions, structure et usages d'un ordre d'enseignement dominé." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0031.
Full textThe vocational track has stayed for a long time the forgotten sector of the history and sociology of education, maybe because of its working-class character. Fortunately, it has lately benefited from an undeniable and sustained attention. But various questions are still neglected or have been deserted since the founding works of Claude Grignon or Lucie Tanguy, for reasons linked to the specific characteristics of this sociological object but also to the methods used to study it. By trying to break some nagging distinctions, theoretical or methodological (statistic methods/ethnographic approach, macro/micro, structures/actors, “legitimism”/populism), and by considering vocational high-schools as well as apprenticeship, we would like in this work to tackle the following issues: what types of class divisions and gender divisions, but also of status differentiations, vocational tracks tend to reproduce ? What forms take pedagogical relations in these tracks, or what rules govern interactions between young people and teachers in this sector of the educational system? How these young people perceive their school career but also their professional future, and how do they manage to get their aspirations, rooted in their social conditions of living and specific habitus, to coincide with the reality of labor market?
Cuculou, Sylvie. "La recherche de la performance dans le système éducatif français : un nouveau paradigme professionnel pour les enseignants du premier degré ?" Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3014.
Full textThe entry of education in the 21st century was accompanied by managerial theses turned towards the rationalization of the existing means and the optimization of human resources. In the same time, the French educational system prolonged and renewed the idea of equal opportunity by identifying it like a condition for the development of the economy of knowledge. However the great international surveys on evaluation of the outcomes of the pupils don’t give a real accountability in terms of investments made by the stakeholders and, first of them, the government. In this context, the performance is identified like a strategy for significant improvement of the results of the pupils at controlled public costs. This research questions the performance in its various dimensions of quality, effectiveness and efficiency characterizing the awaited objectives of the public service of education. For the primary schoolteachers, the strategic approach of performance is new. By a local survey carried out with primary schoolteachers of a district concerned with the application of the performance, it is a question of wondering whether this approach contributes to the equal opportunity. Research thus tries to identify in the arguments of the teachers emergence, rejection or support with the principles carried by the performance
Ponet, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude du processus de démocratisation fonctionnelle : Autour des "affaires en responsabilité médicale"." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010279.
Full textDumont, Frédéric. "Géographie et inégalités dans l'accés à l'enseignement supérieur : le cas exemplaire de la région du Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10059.
Full textThird level education has experienced spectacular changes since a few decades. This evolution isn't specific of the nord-pas-de-calais region, it is part of an international phenomenon. Social demand for education is an important factor of growth as well as social inegalities, themselves reinforced and even amplified by the education system. At the same time, the supply of education has undergone consequent spatial growth, the university network has split and new participants, territorial organisations, have come to play a part in third level education. As a result of this spectacular evolution, third level education in the nordpas-de-calais region is among the most powerful in france. Nevertheless, its importance doesn't match the demographic rank of the region. Furthermore, spatial inequalities in the acces to third level education within the region are very significant. The reasons for the weakness (lack) of guidance on long-term university education are to be searched for the demographic and socio-economic structures of these areas. Finally the supply of education and its location are primary importance, particularly in the case of long-term university trainings which are very concentrated spatially
Lemêtre, Claire. "Entre démocratisations scolaire et culturelle : sociologie du baccalauréat théâtre." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3031.
Full textThe introduction of theatre, as a practical subject, is a recent addition to High School education. The Option, Theatre-Dramatic Expression, was created in 1986 and lead to the first High School Theatre Diploma in 1989. This introduction was part of an evolution of the education system, changing cultural policies and public theatre. Driven by proselytism, this approach contributes to the general education of the public of tomorrow. The Option is unique in that it has introduced, for the first time, professionals from outside the educational system – namely engaging professional actors to participate in course work and evaluation. Supported by an Ethnographic research and using original statistical data gathered within the Regional Education Authority of Nantes (Pays de Loire) this thesis analyses in situ the construction of this new subject. If this new artistic subject does not constitute a school discipline on purely institutional lines, it is however far from being secondary in the social hierarchical organisation which intensified at the moment of the second school explosion. The thesis illustrates the process of scholarisation of theatre at the different levels and also demonstrates that the actual schooling of theatre (learning, practice and the acquisition of knowledge) is increasingly regulated by school norms. By exploring the Theatre Diploma, it provides an opportunity to examine conflicting issues and the unrecognised effects of policies of democratisation in both schools and culture
Genelot, Sophie. "L'enseignement de l'anglais à l'école élémentaire : quels acquis pour quels effets au collège?" Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOL010.
Full textIn 1989 the ministry of education set up an experimentation in the teaching of languages. It concerned last two sections at primary school with the idea that it was better for children to be taught languages earlier. The aim of this project was to prepare the children to take more advantage of language learning in secondary school on a linguistic, psychological and cultural level. During the first three years, the experimental aspect of this teaching allowed great liberty in the way things were organized locally (time, contents, methods and teachers). The diversity in the teaching conditions was very useful to organize assessment: it was possible to compare and relate the variability of the results were obtained. A survey was carried out with 1000 initiated to English in the last two sections of primary school (cm2 and or cm1), according to varied periods and methods, and with 500 pupils who had started learning English at secondary school. The first group took a test on their linguistic and cultural knowledge at the end of primary school, and both groups took a common test at the end of their first and second year at secondary school. The results showed great diversity in what the pupils taught in primary had acquired; it also showed (but this is no surprise) that the results were better according to the length to the initiation and also when lessons were shorter. Primary teachers seem to be rather more efficient than secondary ones and it turns out that the teaching methods and unevenly efficient. On the other had the acquisition in French at the end of primary seems to be negatively linked to the time devoted to the teaching of English
Troadec, janick. "Les écoles normales primaires des Landes et le développement de l'école publique, 1834-1940." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR21790.
Full textRiegert, Arnaud. "Inégalités scolaires, ségrégation et effets de pairs." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0078.
Full textThis thesis examines three issues in relation with diversity in the educational system. The first issue focuses on equal opportunities: how may we promote diversity in higher education when secondary education is segregated? We implemented a random experiment in order to evaluate the impact of a tutoring program that aims at encouraging underprivileged high school students to enroll into the most selective tracks of higher education. We show that such programs may face difficulties, especially when dealing with mid-level students, which ma\ lead to a risk of increased inequality in underprivileged high schools. The second issue is the influence of the peer group: may modifications in the social environmen of high school students have an effect on their subsequent education? We exploit a natural experiment occuring in France whereby a small fraction of 10th grade students are randomly allocated to their classes. We find that the most fragile students who end up in classes where they meet very few former classmates from 9th grade are more enclined to repeat the grade and have a lower probability of graduating high school. The third issue is segregation: to what extent to students experience different social environments in their classes or schools depending on their individual characteristics? We provide a detailed statistical analysis which allows us to measure quantitatively the extent of social and academic segregation between schools and between the classes within those schools
Bonnéry, Stéphane. "Des supposées évidences scolaires aux présupposés des élèves : la co-construction des difficultés scolaires des élèves de milieux populaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677895.
Full textHugot, Philippe. "L'accès à l'enseignement secondaire dans l'académie de Lille, 1918-1939 : l'application des premières mesures démocratiques dans les établissements secondaires publics." Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL30014.
Full textArchat, Tatah Caroline. "Enjeux de l'introduction de l'art à l'école primaire et au collège : processus d'apprentissage et mises en forme scolaire des confrontations aux oeuvres : le cas du cinéma." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083209.
Full textThe introduction of film into primary and middle schools falls within the framework of an educational policy aimed at bringing students from working class backgrounds face to face with artistic productions, so as to reduce their cultural inequalities, as well as those of knowledge in general. Starting from the hypothesis that being in the presence of works of art does not necessarily lead to educational success, this research sheds light on linguistic, cognitive and subjective processes that are at brought into play when elaborating a point of view on films. The analysis of two corpora demonstrates the possibility that these students could potentially become amateur spectators, given that the educational encounter with film puts the students face to face with the difficulties of writing about a film, while furnishing the necessary tools and aids needed to do so. The experiment, which used a software program for reading and writing about films, and which was carried out expressly for this research, opens up a reflection on what new technologies for annotating works of art involve with regards to changing teaching practices
Ben, Abid-Zarrouk Sandoss. "Une évaluation économique de l'enseignement à distance universitaire français : le cas particulier des centres de télé-enseignement universitaire de la FIT-Est." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE019.
Full textVitiello, Audric. "L'institution de la liberté : l'école dans le débat français contemporain : l'enjeu de la médiation publique entre crise éducative et crise politique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0013.
Full textThe contemporary crisis of french school seems to be endless due to its confusion. This research aims at understanding french educative debates in a different light, adopting the theme of liberty better than equality as analytical prism. This leads to analyse two directly political points that education must articulate : the relation between individual and collective level, and between the collective and its own future. Hence an institutionalist point of view, where school institutes the individual and, by the way, is part of a general process of institution of the collective. In this theoretical perspective, the present crisis of french school appears as one moment of a modern structural crisis which questions the principle, the function and the organisation of public mediations. In this view, present educative debates can be classified depending on their attitude towards institution and the way they articulate school and freedom. Four positions are distinguished : a republican institutional project where freedom is created by school, an counter-institutional one pleading for freedom in school, a para-institutional one defending freedom from school and an anti-institutional one affirming freedom against school. Thus republicanism faces a plurivocal liberal pressure. Recent reforms, due to the process of democratisation, quarter school between two main contradictory perspectives, which coexistence explains its present crisis. Insertion gives primacy to the civil society and reduces school to a neutral instrument, when integration pleads for a reform of its organisation but preserves its institutional function and the primacy of political society
Lefeuvre, Sonia. "Entre souci d'insertion professionnelle et désir d'épanouissement intellectuel : la trajectoire des étudiants d'AES et de LEA." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627646.
Full textNozarian, Nazli. "Les mondes de la "démocratisation" des grandes écoles et la sociodicée des élites : le cas des conventions ZEP/Sciences Po Paris." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010347.
Full textThe thesis discusses the uses of « equal opportunity » programs operated by the French grandes écoles within various social sectors. It analyzes how the grandes écoles have operated a double turnaround : first, by defining themselves in the 2000's as valuable players in the resolution of issues related to social inequalities being reproduced by the school system; then, by gaining a wide popular approval ten years after the first controversy arose. The investigation studies in particular the case of agreements signed between Sciences Po and several high schools located in ZEPs (Priority Education Zones). It articulates techniques that are both qualitative and quantitative, and shows multiple uses of this public policy. By this way this program - once controversial- is brought to a sustainable level and to impose guidelines promoting diversity within the grandes écoles, as well as other social sectors (private and public companies, the political field ... ). While the interests of the main players within these social sectors often diverge, in this very case they are converging towards a common strategy of justifying their personal position, mainly as being a dominant one. « Equal opportunity », by reactivating the myth of meritocracy, is at the heart of their sociodicy. This contributes to the success of the program despite the gap between the c1aimed objectives of recruitment and the reality of the students being accepted. While meant for the most disadvantaged high school students, the investigation shows that the mechanisms of social reproduction are still in action. The program emphasizes still the stigm a of students in ZEPs, and in a paradoxal twist reinforces inequalities
Delarue-Breton, Catherine. "Paradoxe et altérité dans le discours scolaire : obstacles et conditions de l'expérience culturelle à l'école ?" Paris 8, 2010. http://octaviana.fr/document/16477517X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textFor more than 30 years, various researches on educational studies have been underscoring the role of school in the co-construction of school disparities, in connection with social inequalities. This thesis aims at re-examining, in an approach including psychoanalysis, the notion of co-construction of inequalities as far as cultural experience is concerned, and at building a theoretical framework that may show to what extent school experience is likely to be similar or not, for the pupils, to a cultural experience, in its restricted meaning of psychological experience which consists in the paradoxical conjunction of the inner and outer worlds. Using researches on sciences of the language, educational sciences and sociology which reveal the heterogeneity of speech as well as the heterogeneity of situations with which the pupils are confronted, we tried to identify the differences that may appear in the production of meanings within school structures of learning; we were then able to establish a link between the possibility of cultural experience and the perspective that create the identification and the appropriation of the stakes in learning. Analysing various transcriptions of school lessons which compose our corpus led us to distinguish three levels in the production of meanings: the worldly level conveying an absence of detachment towards experiencing the world, the formal level, showing the intro-jection in the psyche of ready-made meanings, and the cultural level showing the appropriation of the subject matters of learning
Ngan, Jules-Alain. "La contribution des sections sportives scolaires à la démocratisation scolaire : le cas des collèges et lycées alsaciens." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG023.
Full textThe objective of this doctoral thesis in educational sciences is to demonstrate that the school sports sections contribute to the democratization of schools.The aim of this demonstration is to understand the project to prevent school dropout underlying the signing of a contract of engagement by all the student-athletes. The problem is that the sports sections are unevenly established in priority education and outside priority education. It is therefore useful to understand the student-athlete’s commitment and the challenges of democratizing sports sections. our case study made in Alsace shows that for participants outside priority education, these devices should not be opened in all middle schools and high schools or to all students, for fear of « trivializing » them. The commitment of the student-athlete is a factor of sports and school emulation. This justifies a democratization of the sports sections, all the student-athletes signing a contract of engagement which empowers them to focus on sports and studies. The doctoral thesis opens four avenues of research linked to the common foundation of knowledge, skills and culture : “rational” recruitment of the student-athletes, association of sports and educational vocations with priority education Sports sections, massification of sports sections and diversification of offers of reinforced sports practice, « anticipated » engagement of the pupils of CM1 and CM2 to optimize their chances to enter and stay durably in school sports section from the 6th, thanks to the academic support and the sports technical improvement. The objective is to answer the following question : how to develop a « culture » of excellence in priority education ?
Truong, Fabien. "À l'école de la banlieue : la démocratisation des études supérieures et la marginalisation urbaine à l'épreuve des trajectoires individuelles." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0145.
Full textThis fieldwork is a extensive ethnographical survey ranging between 5 and 7 years, of 20 students from working class and immigrant backgrounds living in the northern suburbs of Paris. Set in a 3 act scenario, the Is' episode takes place in highschool during a 6 year period where I employ participant observation methods whilst teaching. The 2"d episode analyses the undergraduate years and the dispersion of 'my' former pupils within the Higher Education system, from local suburban universities to elite Parisian schools. The 3rd episode depicts the postgraduate years and the final entrance into the job market. The study as a whole analyses social structural constraints as well as oppositional relationships and processes through the lenses of individual cases, plurality of social scenes and temporality. Biographic trajectories and school careers enlighten the conditions under which social mobility is possible as well as the dispositional adjustments it requires. The new contradictions of 'school massification' appear. The Key to success lies in the ability to face territorial stigma, class ostracism, cultural illegitimacy, racism and islamophobia more than 'pure' academic skills. These social ordeals reinforce the fragmentation of an unequal system. The desire for outcast students to find an 'appropriate' curriculum participates in remapping the inner frontiers of legitimacy and commodification of the cultural capital. This shift goes against the sense of dignity and singularity that is acquired through school acculturation, displaying a tension inbetween reproduction and emancipation. This urges reconsideration of pedagogy as a rapport and of the performativity of knowledge
Frère, Dubost Marie-Hélène. "L'enfant, l'École et la crise de la Modernité." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/137814240#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textAt the heart of the issue of double question about subjection, - obedience and freedom – which structures Modernity, a theory of school practice that we analyse from educational historians' works, a legislative corpus and institutional texts, is taking part in a privileged way in elaboration of the subject defined as the main idea of autonomy. Therefore, the man is man through education, and this clause opens up to the School the establishment of a specific principle of normalization, by internalizing standard, which is the subject as free and rational subject of a power. But modern School that republican school brilliantly personifies here reveals his Achilles heel. It must meet the crisis of humanistic culture that is principle, which takes its full potential with the spread of theories which, from the late nineteenth century, seek to establish the dead philosophies of the subject and attack in the declination of relativism, the idea of universal. When in this context is the development of individualism, which dissolves children in self-affirmation of the individual child, when egalitarian claims exacerbate and burden educational relationship as the relationship of authority, the School is seized by doubt. Because the difficulty educational action is facing today, is attributed to the crisis of the authority of school, crisis echoes an educational ideology that works to problematize transmission, that makes obstacle to the democratization of access to knowledge that this ideology is often claimed explicitly
Perez, Françoise. "Déterminants et enjeux sociétaux d'une réforme scolaire : le cas de la rénovation de l'enseignement agricole, 1984-2000." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20032.
Full textIn 1984 an act was passed to reform the organization and teaching practices used in the french agricultural education system with a view to reduce scholastic failure, social inheritance and anticipate evolutions in farming, a profession whose future is threatened. What is at stake in terms of the role and the operation of school in society (training and social integration) is a problem which goes beyond agricultural education. The success of the reform tends to be taken as a model in terms of teaching skills and education policy. Nevertheless, implementing the reform has encountered some difficulties (especially in the public education system). The national education system. Has this reform, which has been criticized by the majority of teachers'unions, been misunderstood by the teachers themselves ? Why is the reform working in agricultural education, in spite of the tensions encountered ? Analyzing this particular problem has revealed on a daily basis the fertility of great dialectical and historical tensions between trends of thought and action : principles concerning the development of the individual, his autonomy and uniqueness ; but also principles going back to the French Revolution. The reform has evolved in contradiction, compromise and in a quest for synthesis, and is now seen as not only a production of scholastic institutions, but also a process of inter-structuring between individual forces and the teaching system. This study corroborates the arguments of constructivist sociology, contributes in shedding light on the process of change that can be seen outside the agricultural education system, the national education system, in other institutions, the world of work and the family. The study also raises questions concerning the fundamental antinomy between singular and universal, autonomy and democracy and what is beneficial to the general public
Bernier, O'Donnell Jean. "La production orale dans l'enseignement / apprentissage de l'anglais de spécialité : l’évaluation et l'analyse des besoins." Grenoble 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE39046.
Full textThe skill of oral production (speaking) in the field of e. S. P. (english for special purposes) is analysed. Three essential components of the "pedagogical act" (which is considered as a system) concerning this particular skill are highlighted : the identification and analysis of the future needs of the students, the teaching learning process, the evaluation of the results obtained. According to our hypothesis, there is a weakness in this "pedagogical act". It is maintained that this overall weakness is directly related to a weakness within each of the aforementioned components. Firstly, it is shown that a large number of both past and present students feel that the teaching learning approach as they have experienced it, does not lead to an improvement in oral skills. Secondly, it is revealed that this is partly due to the fact that the teachers possess only an imprecise picture of the future needs of these student engineers who as a result are not being sufficiently catered for. Thirdly, this lack of imprecision is reflected in current evaluating techniques : not knowing exactly what the students will need, leads to a vagueness when confronted with answering the questions "why evaluate ?", "what should one evaluate ?" and "how should one evaluate ?". Particular attention is devoted to the problem of evaluating oral production skills as this field has not yet been greatly explored. In an attempt to address this problem, a series of propositions are set forward
Goastellec, Gaële. "Égalité et mérite à l'université : une comparaison États-Unis, Indonésie, France." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20967.
Full textHigher education is structured around a tension between two fundamental principles of all democracies : equality and merit. By opening access to higher education, the process of massification is transforming the means to resolve this tension. How can one reconcile the necessity of a meritocratic system in societies that only have very few places at their head, with worldwide demands of equality that encourage universities to produce more justice ? How can one move from the reproduction of society to its production ? To these shared question, the American, Indonesian and French systems each answer in their own way, according to the perception their respective societies have of themselves, but also according to students' capability to become actors of their own system, to make their claims heard, and to transform their study environments. By comparing these three systems, this research shows how the admission moment of the highschool students in higher education crystallizes the whole of these tensions. The means of selection put forward how each society perceives and produces legitimate identities, the distribution system of students within the university, and how their encounter allows students' integration in a study environment which can also be a life environment. The diversity of these local contexts does not prevent a shared tendancy : the university's increasing autonomy that puts forward as necessary the diversity of their respective roles by recruiting identified student populations. Whichever the higher education system studied, a process of convergence is at work, that not only concerns the system's way of functioning, but also, and most importantly, that claims to recognize individual identities
Okobo, Nicodème. "La population scolaire au Congo : analyse démographique d'une sous-population." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40008.
Full textKim, Daeyoung. "Pratiques et difficultés de l'enseignement de la traduction en Corée : comparaison avec sa pratique en France." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916702.
Full textCoiffier, Stéphanie. "Élite populaire : de l'éducation populaire à l'égalité des chances." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H024.
Full textThere is a lot of questions about the construction of elites, in particular about the challenges of cultural and educational democratization. An elite emerging from people can appear only when the society is opened enough, so that the human beings are not dependent from their social conditions of origin. According to the popular education movements such as People and Culture, the creation of an elite is the consequence of an active educational method based on a pooling of culture and the use of free time. This creation is necessary to avoid alienation and masses manipulation. At the end of the eighties, the model regarding the construction of a popular elite changed. Giving a social ascension to the popular layers has become a political need and a social demand. The thematic of equal opportunities is privileged. Positive discrimination programs are established. Supporting the young people coming from sensitive areas through academic success is a priority for the social promotion of human beings. We can ask ourselves about the composition of these elites, which appeared in the process of social transformation and on what they represent. Can we define popular education and equal opportunities as theoretical models for the inscription in the representations and social body of elites coming from all the social layers?
Poullaouec, Tristan. "La grande transformation : familles ouvrières, école et insertion professionnelle, 1960-2000." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS010S.
Full textThis thesis analyses how working-class families have adapted their strategies of reproduction since the sixties, following the transformations undergone by school and labor market. The first part studies why most workers now aspire to see their children access executive jobs. More and more, their wish is even to see their children succeed in the profession of their choice, provided they do well in their studies. This is no less than a cultural revolution: parents now put all their hopes in school outcomes, rally in support of their children's school work, and engage in steering them towards general secondary schools. Depending on the quality of primary school apprenticeships, three different types of educational paths stand out: successful careers involving students who get through their “bac general” diploma without repeating a grade, unsuccessful careers involving students who leave school early or with no diploma, and in between, a diversity of median careers, from difficult to mediocre. The second part shows how the transition to work of those children growing up in working-class families partly depends on the quality of their school experiences. The strategies adopted by parents who use their relations for their children to access employment, on the other hand, contribute to maintain children in subordinate positions. Long study strategies are then compared to the results obtained. Whereas professional education leads more and more to subordinate positions, degrees beyond the “bac” appear as being the weapon of the weaks: not only do they remain efficient to access executive positions, but they are still the best protection to avoid being unemployed and declassified
Nakhili, Nadia. "L'environnement scolaire, quels effets sur les aspirations "individuelles" ? : le cas de l'entrée dans l"enseignement supérieur." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOL028.
Full textThe object of this study is to analyze differences in aspirations and choice of course of study at the outset of higher education. More particularly it aims to determine if the "individual" choices, which have an impact on the construction of educational inequalities, depend on school environment. Since the diversified character of school environment is an established fact in France, the first part of this work, based on a review of the sociology of education literature, draws attention to contextual dimensions as possible factors influencing educational and vocational aspirations. This question, which has remained unexplored at this level of the educational system in France, is dealt with empirically in the second part of the study. Based on a quantitative analyse of the data of a Panel of pupils in secondary education and on an original survey, the study shows that school environment is a significant predictor of the educational aspirations of high-school pupils (probability of applying for course of study of higher education and desired length of studies). School environment significantly explains the choice of courses of study of pupils with comparable school attainment and social background. The origin of this contextual effect is twofold: the social composition of the high school and the local supply of higher education (mainly the local presence of preparatory programmes for the elite sector of grandes écoles (‘higher schools’)). In many cases, the effect of school context is at least as important as the effect of social background. The “individual” preferences, located in unequal contexts, are thus tinged with the organization of the educational system
Ichou, Mathieu. "Les origines des inégalités scolaires : contribution à l’étude des trajectoires scolaires des enfants d’immigrés en France et en Angleterre." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0045.
Full textBreaking with the simplistic link between children of immigrants and academic underachievement, I aim at describing and explaining the diverse academic trajectories of children of immigrants in France and England. As my main analytical framework, I conceive of migration as a discontinuity in the socialization of immigrants and emphasize the resources passed on to children within their families, communities and schools. My empirical sources consist of several large-scale quantitative surveys and nearly a hundred biographical interviews in both countries. I describe the shape of academic hierarchies in France and England, and examine the position of different groups of children of immigrants and natives within them. This empirical analysis shows the great magnitude of academic heterogeneity within the “second generation”. Statistical and qualitative analyses of the pre-migration experiences and social characteristics of immigrant parents, as well as the study of various socialization processes in the destination society, can help explain this academic heterogeneity. Overall, this research lends support to sociological analyses based on immigrants’ social position and related resources to explain the academic trajectories of their children, on the condition that these positions and resources be redefined to take into account the double status of parents as emigrants from their country of origin and immigrants in the society in which their children attend school
Verdière, Juliette. "Les pratiques d'évaluation du travail d'enseignement." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50377-2001-17.pdf.
Full textPagan, Robert. "Refus scolaire, symptôme d'échec intégratif : le cas d'enfants et d'adolescents placés en institution spécialisée." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0026.
Full textPortron, Quentin. "Du tronc commun au socle commun (1945-2005) : La question de la culture commune au coeur de la démocratisation de l'école." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC022/document.
Full textOur study analyzes the projects of common core (between 1993 and 2006) and core curriculum (between 1944 and 1977) from a double perspective: “democratization of selection” and “democratization of success”.On the opposite side from the institutional common core (2005-2006) which failed in getting out of the system of reference which is characteristic of the segregationist democratization of the French education system, the common core put forward by the Thélot committee is in keeping with a paradigm of “democratization of success”, the latter taking roots in a philosophical tradition which can be found in projects such as those defined by the Education minister René Billères (1956-1958) or the Langevin-Wallon committee. Beyond their different approaches, historical contexts or goals, the common point is the widening of a common culture for all, beyond an academic angle, which tend to promote a logic of selection.From the “democratization of success” point of view, the essential for everyone can only be gained within the framework of a “culture for all”
Zirotti, Jean-Pierre. "La scolarisation des enfants de travailleurs immigrés en France (dans les années 1970-1980) : Idéologie égalitaire et différence culturelle." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H091.
Full textBenhenda, Asma. "Education policy, inequalities and student achievement." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0044.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the efficiency of teacher policies in France with regard to their three main objectives: attract and retain quality teachers, help teacher progress and reduce educational inequalities through the matching of teachers to their students
Mole, Frédéric. "L'école laïque pour une République sociale ? : crises et controverses dans la politique scolaire française, 1900-1914." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/mole_f.
Full textThe school reforms of the Third Republic in France, in particular the secularisation of schools, initially rested on a relative consensus among the Republicans. But at the beginning of the 20th century, although this unity and strength was at their height, the deep internal dissensions within the republican camp could not be masked. Opposing the Conservatives, the Socialists, the Radical socialists and the primary school teacher trade unionists developed, in different ways, the idea that secular schooling from then on should convey new forms of social emancipation. In what ways did left-wing republican criticisms of the secular ideal contribute to this crisis ? How did the aim of a social Republic give rise to new conceptions of schooling ? How were hopes raised to believe that this institution could help overcome social conservatism and contribute to social justice ? The thesis, based mainly on a corpus of educational, unionist, and political periodicals as well as congress reports, explores the tensions and controversies within various networks. It examines the various conceptions of a democratic primary school: 1. An "école de la critique" – or a school of criticism – which would prepare pupils to be able to conceive and build a new social order ; 2. An "école des producteurs"– or a school for future production – which would adapt the school curriculum to the world of work and local realities; 3. An "école unique" or a unified school, which breaking away from the traditional divisions of primary and secondary schools, with would release the individual from his or her social origins. Finally, the thesis seeks to understand the political bases and the social aims of these conceptions, as well the inherent tensions
Windle, Joel Austin. "Ethnicity and educational inequality : an investigation of school experience in Australia and France." Phd thesis, Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOL007.
Full textThis thesis examines the contribution of ‘ethnic’ background to the school experiences of educationally and socially disadvantaged students in the senior years of high school (n=927). To investigate the role both of ethnic identification and its interplay with institutional factors, a comparative analysis of secondary student experiences in two national settings was undertaken. The case of Turkish-background students in Australia and France suggests that the influences of ethnic identity are thoroughly transformed from one setting to the other by distinctive pedagogical structures. Streaming and severe academic judgement in France lower academic self-esteem, while creating resentment and social distance between students and teachers. By contrast, the deferral of selection and judgement in Australia allows, temporarily, for a more convivial classroom atmosphere, but fails just as surely to successfully navigate students through the curriculum and achieve academic success. The accommodations of both systems to students in ‘peripheral’ locations constitute logics of marginal integration which enable and legitimise ‘exclusion from within’. Student efforts to make meaning of school life through peer cultures which share many similarities across institutional and national boundaries emerge as what I have called strategies of marginal integration. Ethnic-minority students appear to be particularly susceptible to those logics and strategies, which reinforce their position within the system as marginal. This study therefore identifies the difficulties facing both systems as emerging from common overarching structural qualities