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Journal articles on the topic 'Democratization – European Union countries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kamerāde, Daiga, Jo Crotty, and Sergej Ljubownikow. "Civil liberties and Volunteering in Six Former Soviet Union Countries." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 45, no. 6 (2016): 1150–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764016649689.

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To contribute to the debate as to whether volunteering is an outcome of democratization rather than a driver of it, we analyze how divergent democratization pathways in six countries of the former Soviet Union have led to varied levels of volunteering. Using data from the European Values Study, we find that Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia—which followed a Europeanization path—have high and increasing levels of civil liberties and volunteering. In Russia and Belarus, following a pre-emption path, civil liberties have remained low and volunteering has declined. Surprisingly, despite the Orange Re

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Latkina, V. A. "The European Union's Mediterranean Policy in the Context of the "Arab Spring"." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(35) (April 28, 2014): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-2-35-139-149.

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The article discusses the policy of the European Union aimed at the export of its democratic values, acquis communautaire and governance models to the neighbour countries in the Southern Mediterranean. The process of Europeanization reflects a particular case of global megatrend -democratization which in its turn positioned as democracy promotion through soft power instruments. From the EU point of view the goal of the Barcelona process launched in 1995 was to construct Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and common identity in order to promote democratic transitions in Southern Mediterranean. Whil

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Keil, Soeren. "Europeanization, State-building and democratization in the Western Balkans." Nationalities Papers 41, no. 3 (2013): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2013.768977.

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The Western Balkans have seen rapid changes since the end of the violent conflicts in the 1990s. The European Union (EU) has been one of the main drivers for change, focusing on the political, economic and social transformation of the region to prepare the countries for membership in the Union. This introduction to the special issue will clarify the key terms and their interaction in the Western Balkans. EU enlargement has never before been this complex and inter-connected with processes of state-building and democratization. The focus on conditionality as the main tool of the EU in the region

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Bharti, Mukesh Shankar. "The role of the European Union and democratisation process in post-communist Romania." Reality of Politics 23, no. 1 (2023): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop2023101.

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The fall of Communism in the Central and Eastern European countries in the year 1989, was a historical change had occurred after the demise of communism. The decline of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 was one of the most important proceedings of the period: the conclusive end of the Cold War and the Iron Curtain. After the disintegration of the former USSR, the Eastern bloc had started the modernisation of institutions and adopted the norms of democracy. The third wave of democratisation of Samuel P. Huntington’s theory would apply the democratic changes in Central and Eastern Europe and Roma

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Lach, Bartłomiej, and Krzysztof Malaga. "Évolution de la liberté économique dans les pays d’Amérique du Sud et de l’Union Européenne durant les années 1996–2022." Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française 8, no. 1 (2023): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2023.1.11.

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Evolution of economic freedom in the countries of South America and the European Union during the years 1996–2022. The objective of the article is to describe and evaluate the evolution of economic freedom in the countries of South America and the European Union in the years 1996–2022. The basis of inference are the coefficients of economic freedom published since 1995 by The Heritage Foundation in Washington and Wall Street Journal for 184 countries around the world. The comparative analysis is carried out by country and in three sub-groups, which are : the countries of South America, the Eur

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Buşcaneanu, Sergiu. "EU Democracy Promotion in Eastern ENP Countries." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 29, no. 1 (2014): 248–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325414535430.

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This study shows that the increased incentive structures from and the more intense socialization process with the European Union (EU) since the launch of European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) have not translated into a higher level of democratic development in Eastern ENP countries. However, on the long run (1991–2010), the EU democracy promotion in the region under consideration appears to be largely consistent. In addition, a content analysis of Progress Reports released by the European Commission on the implementation process of European Neighbourhood Policy Action Plans (ENPAPs) reveals that

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Babarykina, Nadiia, Oleksandra Demianenko, and Yevhen Mahda. "Decentralization as a global trend of democracy development." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 73 (2022): 454–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4073.24.

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This research examines the process of decentralization of power as a global trend of democratization. The concept of decentralization of power is revealed and the process of implementation of the reform of decentralization of power in some European countries is highlighted. The relationship between the course of decentralization reform and the index of democracy in countries has been studied. The aim of the research is to identify and analyze the essence, features and experience of decentralization as a global trend of democratization. The realization of the goal requires the solution of the n

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Lavrentieva, Nadiia, Olena Spolska, Oksana Korol, Andrii Markovskyi, and Victoria Tkachenko. "Higher art education in the European Union: Innovative technologies." Eduweb 17, no. 2 (2023): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2023.17.02.20.

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The modern development of information technologies has significantly influenced the transformations in the system of learning and teaching in European institutions of higher education of art. The purpose of the article is to analyze the use of innovative technologies in teaching methods in modern higher art education in the countries of the European Union. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis were used to write the article. The results identified the main philosophical principles on which modern principles of educational work are based, in particular the democratization of the

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Way, Lucan A., and Steven Levitsky. "Linkage, Leverage, and the Post-Communist Divide." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 21, no. 1 (2007): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325406297134.

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An important source of the post-Communist divide between a relatively democratic Central and Southeastern Europe on one side and a highly autocratic former Soviet Union on the other is the different character of the international environments in the two regions. Post-Communist countries differ along two key dimensions of the post–cold war international environment: Western leverage, or governments' vulnerability to external pressure; and linkage to the West, or the density of a country's economic, political, organizational, social, and communication ties to the European Union and the United St

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Cop, Burak, and Kerem Kılıçdaroğlu. "Linkage, Leverage, and Authoritarianism: An Overview of the Collapse of Turkey’s EU Membership Prospect." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (2021): 215824402110407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040783.

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The effects of the linkage and the leverage over countries that either go through a democratic transition or further advance on the democratization path have been widely discussed by comparative democratization scholars. Western leverage designates governments’ level of vulnerability in the face of foreign pressure for democratization, while linkage is meant to be the intensity of the connections and the cross-border streams between a democratizing country and the Western world. It is generally acknowledged that the linkage is a more determinative factor than the leverage. On the contrary, the

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Alakbarov Tahır, Tural. "FEATURES OF MANIFESTATION OF POLITICAL LEGITIMACY IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, no. 1 (April 1, 2025): 108–19. https://doi.org/10.30525/2592-8813-2025-1-12.

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Abstract. Understudied aspects of political legitimacy in the contexts of these CEE countries, especially the subjects of this paper, namely Hungary, Poland, East Germany (GDR), and the Czech Republic are investigated in this study. Many of them realized political democratization mainly due to pressure from international organizations such as the European Union and the Council of Europe. In Hungary, legitimacy under Viktor Orban Fidesz government entail electoral support and conservatism and anti-immigration policies albeit undermining the democratic institutional structure. The Polish state g

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Kálmán, Botond Géza, Endre Béla Huff, Anh Tuan Hoang, Viharos Zsolt János, and Zoltán Zéman. "Factors Influencing the Perception of Corruption in the Countries of the European Union." Emerging Science Journal 9, no. 3 (2025): 1174–88. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2025-09-03-03.

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Objectives: The European Union regularly publishes reports on corruption as part of its Eurobarometer surveys. These report on the opinions of European citizens regarding corruption and the presence of corruption they perceive. Based on survey data from 2008-2022, this study examines the perception of corruption in EU member states. Methods: As a method, the authors use statistical tests. They examine the differences between geographical regions and created country clusters to examine the effect of geographical location on the perception of corruption. They managed to show a difference between

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Latkina, V. A. "Eastern Dimension of the European Neighbourhood Policy: Europeanization Mutual Trap." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(39) (December 28, 2014): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-6-39-37-46.

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The article analyses the Europeanization policy of the European Union towards the Eastern Partnership participant countries. Suffering from the lack of clear strategy and ultimate goal in the European Neighbourhood Policy the European Union enhances external democratization and its governance in post soviet states without immediate Union's membership perspective. Underestimation of common neighbourhood geopolitical duality in the context of growing rivalry between European (EU) and Eurasian (Custom Union/Eurasian Economic Union) integration gravitation centers presents the Eastern partners of

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Szelewa, Dorota. "Recurring ideas: Searching for the roots of right-wing populism in Eastern Europe." European Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 6 (2020): 989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549420921400.

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The main sets of ideas that dominated discourses on market-making and democratization in Eastern Europe during the 1990s concerned: first, the superiority of market-led mechanisms of exchange and distribution with individual responsibility and entrepreneurship; and second, the conservative gender order, with women disappearing from the public domain, now being responsible for domestic sphere and the biological reproduction of the nation. Suppressed when these countries were on the path for joining the European Union, the ideas have been now recurring in a new form, representing the basis for t

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Aleksandrova, Olena. "New Stakeholders Changing Europe." Skhid, no. 1(165) (February 29, 2020): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2020.1(165).222715.

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The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the stakeholders’ impact on the development of the European Union and identifies prospects for the stakeholders’ development and building out appropriate institutions for Ukraine. Globalization, transition of a number of Western countries to the initial stage of an information society, formation of the world economic system, formation of a "risk society" - all these and other factors have led to the transformation of stakeholders in the European Union. The new stakeholders, namely, the global civil society, the transnational capitalist class, th

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MORARU, Andrei-Cristian. "TURKISH INTERVENTION IN SYRIA AND GEOSTRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERINCE "STRATEGIESXXI" 18, no. 1 (2022): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2971-8813-22-12.

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Operation "Peace Spring" is an event of major importance in understanding the relationship between Turkey and Syria, the future relations between the two states and the European and international community.Turkey's design of a security zone has created stability for the state in question and destabilized the entire region at the societal level. Thus, the instability generated is a vulnerability for European and international security, and can be exploited by countries that oppose the democratization process or countries that have political andfinancial interests in that area. In today's societ

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Bouquerel, Fanny. "EU cultural action in the Southern Neighbourhood Policy: the development of a national cultural strategy in Jordan." Revue Gouvernance 15, no. 1 (2019): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1056262ar.

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Med Culture (2014–2019), the European Union (EU) regional program dedicated to culture in Southern Mediterranean countries, aims at "supporting culture as a vector of democratization and development," and encouraging reforms in cultural policies. Responding to the desire of Jordan’s Ministry of Culture to develop a national cultural strategy, the Med Culture Technical Assistance Unit suggested implementing a process that included a series of consultations that would bring together authorities and independent cultural players. Through a thick description of the process and an approach that focu

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Och, Jarosław. "Specific aspects of European and Polish migrations at the begging of the 21st century." Journal of Geography, Politics and Society 9, no. 4 (2019): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/jpgs.2019.4.07.

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The text focuses on the migration in the European Union and in Poland at the begging of the 21st century. It aims to prove that even if the reasons and consequences of migration are varied, they have significantly shaped the development of human civilization and have been a part of human socialization. Furthermore, this text points out that the phenomena of globalization and democratization have affected the population movement and caused new patterns of contemporary migration. The European Union is a great example of cooperation between different countries in order to realize the principle of

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Kurmanguzhin, R. S. "Kazakh Initiatives on Cooperation with European Union." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(40) (February 28, 2015): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-1-40-184-192.

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The author of this article presents initiatives of the Republic of Kazakhstan to develop cooperation with the European Union that was initiated through 2000 - 2009. In 2000 the Republic of Kazakhstan proposed to EU Comment cooperation doctrine in Central Asia. The purpose of the doctrine lied in expanding cooperation in the areas of trade, economy and investment; in granting access to commodities and services from European markets; in developing collaboration in the areas of energy, transport, communication, finance and banking. In 2006 Kazakhstan introduced a new set of prepossess to the new

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Schimmelfennig, Frank. "European Regional Organizations, Political Conditionality, and Democratic Transformation in Eastern Europe." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 21, no. 1 (2007): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325406297131.

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How and under which conditions have European regional organizations been effective promoters of democratic change in Central and Eastern Europe? In this article, the author argues that only the credible conditional promise of membership in the European Union and NATO has had the potential to produce compliance with liberal-democratic norms in norm-violating transformation countries. These incentives, however, were not sufficient when the power costs of compliance were high for the target governments. They did little to alter the policies of authoritarian governments, which forewent the benefit

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Kennedy, Ogutu Reuben, Barack Calvince Omondi, and Thomas Otieno Juma. "The Dynamics of European Union Foreign Electoral Assistance: Case of Kenya’s General Elections." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IX (2023): 1083–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.70994.

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Electoral integrity is widely recognized as an indispensable element of democratic consolidation in the developing world. However, achieving electoral integrity in these countries has been hindered, in part, by their deficient capacity to invest in the essential resources required to enable key sectors to fulfill their roles in ensuring free, fair, and credible elections. Additionally, elections in these regions often report malpractice characteristics such as electoral fraud, contested results, and protracted legal disputes over outcomes. Consequently, external actors have been called upon to

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Bilgin, Recep, Seydali Ekici, and Fatih Sezgin. "The effect of international relations on democratization of Turkey between 2002-2010 during justice and development party rule." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 57 (2022): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.57.09.22.

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Democratization takes place under different conditions in every country. The social structure and that of state play important roles, and there are many other internal and external factors for this process. Turkey also went through different phases for democratization processes. This is a qualitative study and formed by reviewing related literature and evaluating. It focuses on external factors between 2002 and 2010 because there was a struggle and long-lasting conflicts between secular elites and conservative democrats during this time. With the help and encouragement of European Union (EU),

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Raik, Kristi. "EU Accession of Central and Eastern European Countries: Democracy and Integration as Conflicting Logics." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 18, no. 4 (2004): 567–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325404269719.

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Although the European Union (EU) has in many ways supported democratization in Central and Eastern Europe, it has also imposed new constraints on the functioning of democracy. The article explores the indirect impact of EU integration on the Eastern applicant countries by exposing the underlying logic of enlargement and analyzing the implications of that logic for democratic politics. The empirical analysis focuses on the preaccession process of one of the new member states, Estonia, but it also examines the overall EU policy toward Eastern candidates, pointing to the limits of enlargement as

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Kuznets, Tetiana, and Vyacheslav Hordiyenko. "FORMATION, ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EASTERN POLICY OF THE EU." European Historical Studies, no. 29 (2024): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2024.29.3.

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The article examines the political initiative of the European Union – the European Neighborhood Policy. The dynamics of relations between the EU member states and their neighbors have been monitored. The role of Poland in the perspective of further cooperation and potential expansion of the borders of economic interaction of neighboring EU countries is characterized. The documents and the European Neighborhood Policy Strategy were analyzed separately. The consolidating factor of Poland is singled out as an opportunity for Ukraine and Moldova to join the European Community, and for the EU to ex

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Burdiuh, M. "POPULISM AS A CHALLENGE TO DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 1(57) (May 31, 2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2023.1(57).280788.

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The article examines the problems of the cause and manifestations of modern populism in the countries of the European Union, which has intensified over the past two decades. The growth of radical ideas, the ideas of multiculturalism and globalization, and migration processes in Europe intensify the complex processes of arranging a single political, economic and cultural space. Populist activity underlines the increasing mistrust of the electorate towards classical parties, which cannot solve urgent public demands. The current populist activism results from a structural transformation that invo

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Spahiu, Irma. "Government Transparency in Albania and the Role of the European Union." European Public Law 21, Issue 1 (2015): 109–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2015006.

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The recognition of transparency as an essential element of good governance is very important for new democracies because it leads to greater public support for their governments' economic and political decisions. This has been clearly understood by the countries in the Western Balkans which following the fall of communism entered a path of rapid democratization struggling to be opened and transparent. This paper explores transparency and open government in Albania looking at how the Albanian legal administrative framework and practices guarantee the principle of transparency in decision-making

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Yumatov, K. V. "European Union Policy in the South Caucasus after the Karabakh War of 2020." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 24, no. 1 (2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-1-26-34.

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The article focuses on the transformation of the European Union’s policy in the South Caucasus after the NagornoKarabakh war of 2020. Before the war, the foreign and security policy in the region had depended on the OSCE Minsk Group, Georgia’s role in the Russian-Georgian confrontation, and the Eastern Partnership program for the South Caucasus. After Azerbaijan won the Nagorno-Karabakh war with Turkey’s support, the previous line of policy stopped being effective. It failed to unite the countries of the South Caucasus, to remove the Russian Federation from the region, and to make the European

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Škorić, Milica. "Agencification of public administration in the transition process." Pravo - teorija i praksa 38, no. 3 (2021): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2103108s.

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The democratization of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has also included the reform of inefficient public administration. At the same time, these reforms have been accompanied by the aspiration for a membership in the European Union. The administration has been transformed according to a number of principles that make up the framework of the European administrative area. Along with these processes, there were established public agencies, a body taken over from the developed countries, and created during the reform of the New Public Management. The countries in transition have

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Pasichnyi, R. "The influence of modern Russian propaganda on European countries." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 2(50) (October 21, 2021): 70–75. https://doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2021.2(50).242872.

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The article considers the mechanisms and channels of influence of modern Russian propaganda on European countries. Analysing Russian disinformation as a lever of influence on society or the international community, we can see that it always used with organizing and supporting mass riots, “training” their own troops near the borders of the country targeted by aggression or cyberattacks on government portals. All these hybrid actions bring chaos to public life and unbalance political institutions. Democratization and decentralization of the media allow each person to speak freely and disseminate

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Cabada, Ladislav, and Martin Ehl. "The Kosovo Crisis and the Prospects of the Balkans." Czech Journal of International Relations 34, no. 4 (1999): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/cjir.1431.

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The Kosovo crisis has demonstrated that the West had put an end to its wait-and-see policy and resolved to be totally committed to the problems of the Balkans. The Stability pact creates an institutional framework in which an economic protectorate of the majority of post-communist South-East European countries will be set up step by step. But the problem is whether Balkan political leaders will respond favourably to the requirements of democratization and of a more transparent policy. The attacks against Yugoslavia have shown that the US and the North Atlantic Alliance are the only ones who po

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Lu, Yiqing. "The Beginning of Democracy in Eastern European Countries from the 1990s to the 2010s and Its Contemporary Crisis: Poland and the Czech Republic as Examples." Communications in Humanities Research 15, no. 1 (2023): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/15/20230772.

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In 1989, Poland and the Czech Republic almost simultaneously got rid of the socialist regime and gradually embarked on the road to Western democracy. They persisted in the global economic recession in 2008 and achieved economic leaps; however, under the impact of the refugee wave since 2011, conflicts that had been squeezed for decades broke out. For a time, populist forces were rampant in Eastern European countries. Faced with these populist forces, many people lost hope in democracy. This paper aims to present the beginning of the democratization process in Eastern European countries from th

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Staszczyk, Artur. "Position of European Parliament in Relation to the Association Process of the South Caucasus Countries with the EU." Reality of Politics 4, no. 1 (2013): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop201313.

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This article analyses the position of European Parliament (EP) in the question of the lasting from 2010 association process of the South Caucasus countries with the EU. The process is aimed at the establishment of close, extensive political and economic cooperation of the countries with the EU. The author stresses the importance attached by EP to the association negotiations, which according to the Parliament should have a crucial impact on the democratization process in Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia. It should be underlined that the development of democracy in those EU’s partner countries i

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Benewick, Robert. "Towards a Developmental Theory of Constitutionalism: The Chinese Case." Government and Opposition 33, no. 4 (1998): 442–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1998.tb00461.x.

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CONSTITUTIONS, CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM AND CONSTITUTIONAL conflict are once again commanding attention. The celebrations of the bicentennial of the American constitution, the implementation of constitutional reform in Canada, the Labour government's programme for constitutional change in the United Kingdom, the seemingly intractable conflict in Northern Ireland, and transfers of sovereignty to the European Union from its constituent states, testify to this. Equally, if not more challenging, have been the upheavals in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and its reconstituted states, the ‘t

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Schmidt, Andrea. "The Uncertain Revival of Central Europe – Central European Thought from a Hungarian Perspective." Politics in Central Europe 16, s1 (2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2020-0001.

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AbstractThe recent crisis that, the European Union has had to face certainly raises questions about the current state of Europe. The question about the legacy of regional integration; the debate between the standpoints about the vision on the European Union with the necessity of strong nations or on the contrary, the opportunity of deepening the cohesion that could lead to the united states of europe; in other words, political integration, the deepest step of regional integration. the paper deals with the problem of the concept on central europe from the standpoint of various concepts; the que

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Al-Shunnaq, Abdulmajeed, and Shawkat Hussain. "History of Democratization in Contemporary Spain Since (1936-1978)." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 49, no. 1 (2022): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i1.1648.

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This study addresses the issue of the history of democratic transformation from the general dictatorial regime of General Francois to his death, which opened the door for transformation through gradual political reform, especially after the return of the monarchy led by Juan Carlos. The democratic forces succeeded in light of an open policy that believes in pluralism, and the freedom of Parties and unions, and the freedom of the media which guaranteed by the Constitution issued in 1978. In addition to these factors, European countries and the United States of America have played a supporting m

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Gürsoy, Yaprak. "Democratization and Foreign Policy Reforms in Turkey: Europeanization of Turkish Politics?" International Journal of Legal Information 38, no. 2 (2010): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500005758.

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AbstractThe European Union membership process has had an impact on Turkish domestic politics and foreign policy. However, when compared with previous candidate countries to the EU, the Europeanization of politics in Turkey has not been an even process. The reformation of politics in Turkey has had three main characteristics. First, instead of the pace of the reforms being linear, there has been a periodic rise and fall of interest in introducing amendments. Second, the reforms have not necessarily replaced past practices, rather they have only introduced new ones in addition to the old ways of

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Cvijic, Srdjan. "Swinging the Pendulum: World War II History, Politics, National Identity and Difficulties of Reconciliation in Croatia and Serbia." Nationalities Papers 36, no. 4 (2008): 713–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990802230563.

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The downfall of communist Yugoslavia and the democratization process that followed at the end of the 1980s have led to the fragmentation of the country, which was accompanied by several wars of different intensity and duration (1991–1999). From the ashes of what once was the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia raised six independent states: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia. The situation relating to the southern Serbian province of Kosovo, after its unilateral declaration of independence at the beginning of 2008, and subsequent recognition by par

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Stančetić, Veran. "Inter-municipal cooperation in Serbia: Opportunities and practical scope." Srpska politička misao 81, no. 3 (2023): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spm81-45527.

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European experiences indicate numerous forms of inter-municipal cooperation, ranging from simpler forms aimed at more efficient and rational management (such as joint local public enterprises or shared administrations) to integrative forms where inter-municipal unions are formed, possessing legal subjectivity and their own governance structure (union assembly, president, budget, etc.). The main purpose of such cooperation models is the collective decision-making on public policies and jointly management of territorial development encompassing multiple municipalities. This can serve as an alter

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Shmorhun, Oleksandr. "Ukraine’s Pretence Democracy Model as a Threat to State Sovereignty in the Context of World Experience." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 599–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-37.

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The article analyses the main stages of political reform in Ukraine from the point of view of comparative Western political science and taking into account the experience of the political history of developed Western countries of The modern era. It shows the fundamental difference between the real mechanisms and institutions of Ukrainian power from the real democratic standard of Western democracy and effective separation of powers. The article reveals the systemic shortcomings of any parliamentarism in a situation of acute crisis and the mechanisms of falsification of presidential and parliam

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Lakishyk, Dmytro. "INTERNAL CRISES IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE SOVIET BLOC IN CONTEXTS OF EUROPEAN SECURITY." European Historical Studies, no. 20 (2021): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.20.3.

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The article analyzes the internal crises experienced by the Soviet bloc countries during the Cold War. It is noted that the crises of society in Eastern Europe, in which in the early 1950s the model of the state system of the totalitarian type of the Soviet model was finally established, they arose constantly and over time unfolded and deepened. The social order imposed on the states under the influence of the USSR proved to be foreign completely and the population of these countries was unprepared and refused to accept it, which was one of the main causes of permanent outbursts of social disc

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Nowak, Ewa, and Georg Lind. "Mis-Educative Martial Law – The Fate of Free Discourse and the Moral Judgment Competence of Polish University Students from 1977 to 1983." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 9, no. 2 (2019): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2018.2.5.

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The reprinted paper refers to Georg Lind and his colleagues’ MCT-based FORM study conducted at several European universities in 1977-1983, including Polish ones. After a short phase of democratization, in 1981 Polish society suddenly faced martial law. That experience had an impact on Polish students moral-, discursiveand democratic competences, as measured by MCT. When Ewa Nowak started her Alexander von Humboldt Foundation supported research stay under the supervision of Professor Georg Lind (University of Konstanz, 2008-2010), they were inspired to revisit and discuss the puzzling Polish re

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KONOPELKO, Agnieszka. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU STRATEGIC PRIORITIES IN POST-SOVIET CENTRAL ASIA." CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS 22, no. 2 (2021): 007–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.21.2.01.

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The Central Asian region has never been a priority area of EU external policy, although the European Union Global Strategy underlines its support for multilateralism in global strategy. The European Union has been more actively engaged in the region since the launch of the New Great Game in Central Asia between China, Russia and the U.S. Following the “neighbors of neighbors” concept, the EU shapes its relations with post-Soviet Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) on the basis of multilateral strategies and bilateral partnership agreements. The first

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Ruszkowski, J., and K. Kotra. "The role of trends in guiding the development of tourism and hotel industries in the 21st century." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 2, no. 43 (2013): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.43.1693.

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New and dominant trends in the world’s tourist market are determined by economic factors as well as by the outcomes of recent political changes. This is particularly true about Europe, the largest tourist market throughout the world, which has seen significant developments (e.g. the collapse of the totalitarian Soviet bloc, the democratization of societies in the former communist countries, the formation of the European Union, etc.). The changes have led to the globalization of tourism supply and demand based on the ongoing integration of new countries and entire regions into the international

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Joireman, Sandra F. "External Conditionalities and Institutional Change." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 30, no. 2 (2015): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415593631.

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Kosovo is one of several Western Balkan countries that are part of the next round of accession to the EU. Like Bosnia, Serbia, and Croatia, it is also a country in which the history of conflict is recent and the benefits of EU membership ought to be a strong economic and political enticement to meet the standards necessary for membership. Yet, instead of major transformation of the post-conflict society towards democratization, economic development, and a robust human rights regime, the prospect of European Union membership appears to be leading to superficial legal changes without enforcement

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Latkovskyi, Pavlo, and Anna Marushchak. "PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEEPENING EU-UKRAINIAN RELATIONS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 2 (2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-96-103.

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Three countries: Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine have concluded European Union Association Agreements, under similar terms and conditions of European Partnership. Analytical review allowed determining that in their political integrative development, they have similar problems and ways to overcome them. They are distinguished by a relatively high level of democratic freedoms and political pluralism; however, none of them can be considered as a consolidated democracy, these countries have hybrid political regimes. Among the main obstacles occurring on the way of their integration processes, one ca

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Ugulava, Gocha. "The Political-Economic Transformation of the Post-Soviet Space and Contemporary Challenges." Economic Profile 20, no. 1(29) (2025): 115–26. https://doi.org/10.52244/ep.2025.29.11.

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The political and economic transformation of the post-Soviet space represents one of the most extensive and complex developments in the contemporary system of international relations. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, newly independent states entered a turbulent period of political, social, and economic transition, the consequences of which continue to shape their domestic and foreign policies. This paper aims to analyze the transformation processes in post-Soviet countries, focusing on the political-economic dynamics that define the region’s stability and development prospects. S

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Alsina Naudi, Anna. "Endeavours towards a plain legal language: The case of Spanish in context." International Journal of Legal Discourse 3, no. 2 (2018): 235–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijld-2018-2010.

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Abstract Implementing plain legal language is a project for those who are trying to build trust in legal systems all over the world. This paper aims at comparing successful policies in certain countries and describing the efforts made towards achieving a Spanish plain legal discourse. The paper lays out the definition of plain language, reviews the reluctance of professionals to make changes in legal language and specifies which legal documents are under discussion. The long-standing plain English movement and the positive Swedish example are considered, in combination with the ongoing develop

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Gumbrell-McCormick, Rebecca, and Richard Hyman. "Democracy in trade unions, democracy through trade unions?" Economic and Industrial Democracy 40, no. 1 (2018): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x18780327.

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Since the Webbs published Industrial Democracy at the end of the nineteenth century, the principle that workers have a legitimate voice in decision-making in the world of work – in some versions through trade unions, in others at least formally through separate representative structures – has become widely accepted in most West European countries. There is now a vast literature on the strengths and weaknesses of such mechanisms, and we review briefly some of the key interpretations of the rise (and fall) of policies and structures for workplace and board-level representation. We also discuss t

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Suwiński, Eugeniusz. "Polish Education After the EU Accession." 21st Century Pedagogy 1, no. 1 (2018): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ped21-2018-0005.

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Abstract The aim of the paper is to present changes undergone by the Polish education system after the accession to the European Union. In the article the changes are collated together with the main and distinctive trends which had existed in Europe before the accession and the ones that were introduced subsequently. The article shows that the tendency to unify the member states’ education systems is non-existent in the European Union. It also points out that the importance attached to education by the EU member states has not been as considerable as the importance given to economy. The paper

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Sorrells, Jennifer L. "Perception is All That Matters: A Study of Media Use and the Journalist’s Perspective on the Ethnic Divide in North Macedonian and Why It Matters." SEEU Review 20, no. 1 (2025): 125–35. https://doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2025-0031.

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Abstract How can media impact perceptions of state-building in the ethnically and linguistically diverse region of North Macedonia? Since the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, North Macedonia has found itself at the intersection of cultural and territorial disputes involving neighboring countries including Serbia, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The ethnic and linguistic diversity of North Macedonia creates a unique environment in which politics and ethnic identity collide with differing perspectives on its impact towards democratization. Journalism intersects media use by political actors

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