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1
McDonald, Robert, Carmen Vechi, Jenny Bowman, and Robert Sanson-Fisher. "Mental Health Status of a Latin American Community in New South Wales." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 4 (August 1996): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609065017.
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Objective: To determine the levels and predictors of psychological distress within a Latin American community in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. Method: Participants (n=184) were interviewed in their homes by a bilingual interviewer using a specially prepared questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: Of the 13 independent variables examined, two demographic and two immigrant-related variables were significantly associated with an above-threshold score: marital status, employment status, perceived discrimination, and dissatisfaction with life in Australia. Conclusions: Compared to results from other community surveys, the levels of psychological distress within this Latin American community appear to be relatively high.
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Goldney, Robert D., Kirsten I. Dunn, Eleonora Dal Grande, Shona Crabb, and Anne Taylor. "Tracking Depression-Related Mental Health Literacy Across South Australia: A Decade of Change." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 5 (January 1, 2009): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670902817729.
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to measure and compare levels of depression-related mental health literacy in South Australia across three points in time: 1998, 2004, and 2008. Method: Participants were those recruited for the 1998, 2004, and 2008 South Australian Health Omnibus Surveys. Comparisons were made across overall levels of depression-related mental health literacy as well as between responses to independent questionnaire items. Results: A significant improvement was found in the overall measure of depression-related mental health literacy between 1998 and 2004 and this was consolidated in 2008. Some discrete changes in literacy were found between 2004 and 2008, with improvements recorded across some demographic groups and in participants’ ability to accurately classify symptoms. Participants in 2008, however, were significantly less likely to endorse providers or treatments as ‘helpful’ than in 2004. Conclusions: Although knowledge and understanding of depression have improved significantly and stabilized since 1998, patient confidence in both mental health therapists and treatment options fell between 2004 and 2008, although it is still greater than in 1998.
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Gospos, Jonathan, and Nijole Bernaitis. "Treatment Expectations, Convenience, and Satisfaction with Anticoagulant Treatment: Perceptions of Patients in South-East Queensland, Australia." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060863.
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Background: Warfarin has long been the only oral anticoagulant (OAC) available, but options now include non-vitamin K antagonists. Prescribing an OAC may be influenced by patient factors and preferences influenced by dosing, monitoring, and adverse effects, which may ultimately impact patient satisfaction and convenience. The aim of this study was to explore the perception of OAC treatment by Australian patients in terms of treatment expectations, convenience, and satisfaction. Methods: The Perception of Anticoagulant Treatment Questionnaire was distributed to patients dispensed OAC medication from three pharmacies in South-East Queensland. Responses to questions using a five-point Likert scale were collated and mean results utilised to assess expectations, convenience, and satisfaction, including an analysis across demographic groups. Results: A total of 56 (26.8%) surveys were returned, with the majority of respondent’s male (58.2%). Highest mean scores for treatment expectation were for an OAC that was easy to take (4.85 ± 0.79) and that could be taken care of by the respondents themselves (4.11 ± 1.14). The mean overall score for convenience was 68.90 ± 11.44% and for satisfaction 69.43 ± 16.58%. Significantly higher mean convenience scores were found in females and patients with atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: Patients’ highest expectations were for an OAC that would be easy to take, and overall satisfaction and convenience was around 69%. Factors including demographics can influence perceptions of therapy, and addressing individual preferences for OAC therapy may increase ratings of satisfaction and convenience.
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Aitken, Victoria, Sarah Bell, Sian Hills, and Lucy Rees. "Public acceptability of indirect potable water reuse in the south-east of England." Water Supply 14, no. 5 (May 20, 2014): 875–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.051.
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Public controversy over planned indirect potable reuse of wastewater has been a significant obstacle to implementing proposed schemes in the United States and Australia. Surveys of public attitudes to water reuse have generally shown lower acceptance of indirect potable reuse compared with other reuse options, such as irrigation. The south-east of England is projected to experience a shortfall in water supply by 2020 and the largest water utility in the region, Thames Water, is investigating indirect potable reuse as a potential new supply option. The indirect potable reuse feasibility studies include evaluation of the technology options and water quality as well as detailed consideration of public perception issues. As part of the work to address the latter, 2,000 Thames Water customers participated in an on-line survey of their attitudes to indirect potable reuse. The survey showed overall support for the idea of indirect potable reuse. The only demographic factor to show any significant difference from the whole sample was belief system, with Muslim respondents showing significantly less support than other groups. The survey results indicate that indirect potable reuse may be socially acceptable in the south-east of England, but that public engagement and participation in future decision making about indirect potable reuse will be important for the success of any particular proposal.
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Beal, Cara, Rodney A. Stewart, Anneliese Spinks, and Kelly Fielding. "Using smart meters to identify social and technological impacts on residential water consumption." Water Supply 11, no. 5 (December 1, 2011): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.088.
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Studies have shown that householders' perceptions of their water use are often not well matched with their actual water use. There has been less research, however, investigating whether this bias is related to specific types of end use and/or specific types of socio-demographic and socio-demographic household profiles. A high resolution smart metering study producing a detailed end use event registry as well as psycho-social and socio-demographic surveys, stock inventory audits and self-reported water diaries was completed for 250 households located in South-east Queensland, Australia. The study examined the contributions of end uses to total water use for each group identified as ‘low’, ‘medium’ or ‘high’ water users. Analyses were conducted to examine the socio-demographic variables such as income, percentage of water efficient stock, family size and composition, that characterise each self-identified water usage group. The paper concludes with a discussion of the general characteristics of groups that overestimate and underestimate their water use and how this knowledge can be used to inform demand management policy such as targeted community education programmes.
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Stevens, Christine A. "The Illusion of Social Inclusion: Cambodian Youth in South Australia." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.4.1.59.
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As a result of the turmoil in Cambodia during the 1970s, traditional Cambodian society was fundamentally altered: Cambodians were uprooted, and after the Vietnamese invasion in 1978, thousands fled to camps on the Thai-Cambodian border, where many sought and were selected for resettlement in other countries. Approximately 12,000 Cambodians were accepted for resettlement in Australia as refugees in the period 1975-85, with approximately 2,500 settling in South Australia. The emigrants to South Australia were youthful, with 51% of all arrivals in the period 1979-85 aged 19 years or less (Stevens). Since this period when refugees first arrived in Australia from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, the social adaptation of refugee youth has been little researched. Generally, young people have been but one of the age groups included in large-scale surveys or in-depth studies, such as those by Wendy Poussard, Nancy Viviani, and others, that focused on the early stages of resettlement. The research that has focused on refugee youth has concentrated on educational achievement (Spearritt and Colman; Kelly and Bennoun; Chan; Mundy) or mental health status and adjustment (Krupinski and Burrows). At a time of ongoing debate about the size and nature of the immigrant intake, and concern that the resulting cultural diversity may foster ethnic conflicts and endanger social cohesion, this lack of research on the social aspects of the settlement process young refugees from Southeast Asia undertake is a significant omission.
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Cunningham, Calum X., Thomas A. A. Prowse, Pip Masters, and Phillip Cassey. "Home range, habitat suitability and population modelling of feral Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) on Kangaroo Island, South Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 2 (2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo15045.
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The Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) is a declared alien pest species on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, where it is implicated in a range of social problems and potential ecological impacts. To inform the management of feral peafowl, we aimed to (1) provide an estimate of peafowl distribution and abundance; (2) measure peafowl home ranges; (3) calculate the area of suitable peafowl habitat; and (4) estimate how the population could change under various culling scenarios. Using expert and landholder surveys, we estimated that ~380 individuals (range 330–428) were distributed among 21 separate groups on Kangaroo Island. Habitat suitability modelling identified native vegetation near agriculture as the preferred peafowl habitat and indicated that substantial unoccupied suitable habitat is available. The mean home range of eight peafowl was 52 ha and one dispersal event of 4.5 km demonstrated that unoccupied suitable habitat could feasibly be colonised. Demographic models indicated that, if unmanaged, the peafowl population could exceed 2000 individuals after 10 years, but that culling ~85 individuals annually could maintain the current population size. We therefore suggest that control of the Kangaroo Island peafowl population is warranted while the current distribution of peafowl is well understood.
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Wood, Paul, David Evans, and Ilektra Spandagou. "Attitudes of Principals Towards Students With Disruptive Behaviour: An Australian Perspective." Australasian Journal of Special Education 38, no. 1 (April 25, 2014): 14–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jse.2014.5.
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This paper reports on the attitudes of 340 government primary principals from New South Wales, Australia, towards the inclusion of students with disruptive behaviours in schools. Principals’ attitudes were examined using the Principals and Behaviour Survey (PABS), a new composite measure built upon a foundation of existing validated surveys on attitudes towards the inclusion of students with disabilities. Principal component analysis identified 3 components that were used as variables for correlations with a range of demographic characteristics, such as age, qualifications, experience, school size and location. School size and the number of students with a diagnosed mental health condition in the school had a small relationship with principals’ attitudes. From the analysis of data from the emotional response scale, it was found that principals’ emotions about inclusion were less positive towards students with disruptive behaviour than towards students with sensory, physical or intellectual disabilities. Overall, principals appeared to hold dichotomous positions in regard to the benefits of inclusion, viewing it as beneficial for students with disruptive behaviour but not for their peers. However, principals who held more positive views were consistently more positive across all measures.
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Shapcott, Alison, and Michael Powell. "Demographic structure, genetic diversity and habitat distribution of the endangered, Australian rainforest tree Macadamia jansenii help facilitate an introduction program." Australian Journal of Botany 59, no. 3 (2011): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10132.
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Macadamia jansenii is endemic to south-east Queensland, Australia, and is currently known from a single population 180 km north of the nearest wild population of its congener, the edible Macadamia integrifolia. A recently developed Macadamia recovery plan identified that this population was under significant threat and recommended a reintroduction program to safeguard against chance extinction of the single wild population. This study undertook demographic population census surveys, genetic analysis, habitat analysis and niche modelling to determine the potential long-term viability for the species, and to guide search and reintroduction programs. We expanded the known population size of the species to ~60 individuals (1 m and taller) spread over a 900-m distance along a single creek clumped into three subpopulations. There was moderate genetic diversity in the species and the subpopulations showed little genetic differentiation. We developed a potential habitat model combining abiotic variables and vegetation associations, and mapped areas of potentially suitable habitat for M. jansenii within its local area. These maps are being used to target searches for other populations and to guide the location of introduction populations.
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Finch, Neal, Peter Murray, Julia Hoy, and Greg Baxter. "Expenditure and motivation of Australian recreational hunters." Wildlife Research 41, no. 1 (2014): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13171.
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Context Recreational hunting has a long history in Australia, as in other parts of the world. However, the number, characteristics and motivations of Australian hunters have never been investigated in the same way as those in other countries where hunting occurs. Aims In this report, we aimed to systematically survey Australian recreational hunters to determine their demographic characteristics, patterns of spending and motivations. Methods Between September 2011 and June 2012, we encouraged hunters to participate in an anonymous online survey hosted by SurveyMonkey. We asked 53 questions about the hunters, their hunting patterns, expenditure on hunting and their motivations to hunt. Key results In total, 7202 hunters responded to the survey. The respondents were overwhelmingly male and 67% were aged between 31 and 60 years. Almost 34% of respondents were from Victoria, 26.7% from New South Wales and 22.0% from Queensland. Average direct expenditure on hunting was A$1835 per person per annum, whereas indirect expenditure was A$2168. Over 99% of respondents said that they would be willing to participate in pest-control activities if they had the opportunity. Conclusions There are likely to be at least 200 000 and more likely 300 000 recreational hunters in Australia and they spend in excess of A$1 billion dollars annually on hunting. Almost all of these hunters are willing to participate in direct wildlife management activities, such as pest control. Implications The Australian recreational hunting community is large, active and willing to spend large amounts of money on hunting. Their activities need to be understood and participants engaged by wildlife managers so as to obtain the best outcomes for wildlife management in Australia.
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Bailey, Claire, Zelda Doyle, John Dearin, Natasha Michael, and David Kissane. "Demoralization and chronic illness in rural Australia: A cross-sectional survey." Palliative and Supportive Care 18, no. 3 (November 12, 2019): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951519000841.
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AbstractObjectiveDemoralization is prevalent in patients with life-limiting chronic illnesses, many of whom reside in rural areas. These patients also have an increased risk of disease-related psychosocial burden due to the unique health barriers in this population. However, the factors affecting demoralization in this cohort are currently unknown. This study aimed to examine demoralization amongst the chronically ill in Lithgow, a town in rural New South Wales, Australia, and identify any correlated demographic, physical, and psychosocial factors in this population.MethodA cross-sectional survey of 73 participants drawn from Lithgow Hospital, the adjoining retirement village and nursing home, assessing correlating demographic, physical, psychiatric, and psychosocial factors.ResultsThe total mean score of the DS-II was 7.8 (SD 26.4), and high demoralization scores were associated with the level of education (p = 0.01), comorbid condition (p = 0.04), severity of symptom burden (p = <0.001), depression (p = <0.001), and psychological distress (p = <0.001). Prevalence of serious demoralization in this population was 27.4% according to a cutoff of a DS-II score ≥11. Of those, 11 (15%) met the criteria for clinical depression, leaving 9 (12.3%) of the cohort demoralized but not depressed.Significance of resultsPrevalence of demoralization was high in this population. In line with the existing literature, demoralization was associated with the level of education, symptom burden, and psychological distress, demonstrating that demoralization is a relevant psychometric factor in rural populations. Further stratification of the unique biopsychosocial factors at play in this population would contribute to better understanding the burdens experienced by people with chronic illness in this population and the nature of demoralization.
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Whitford, Deirdre, Tony Smith, and Jonathan Newbury. "The South Australian Allied Health Workforce survey: helping to fill the evidence gap in primary health workforce planning." Australian Journal of Primary Health 18, no. 3 (2012): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11027.
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There is a lack of detailed evidence about the allied health workforce to inform proposed health care reforms. The South Australian Allied Health Workforce (SAAHW) survey collected data about the demographic characteristics, employment, education and recruitment and retention of allied health professionals in South Australia. The SAAHW questionnaire was widely distributed and 1539 responses were received. The average age of the sample was 40 years; males were significantly older than females, the latter making up 82% of respondents. Three-quarters of the sample worked in the city; 60% worked full time and the remainder in part-time, casual or locum positions. ‘Work–life balance’ was the most common attraction to respondents’ current jobs and ‘Better career prospects’ the most common reason for intending to leave. Practice in a rural location was influenced by rural background and rural experience during training. A greater proportion of Generation Y (1982–2000) respondents intended to leave within 2 years than Generation X (1961–81) or Baby Boomers (1943–60). Most respondents were satisfied with their job, although some reported lack of recognition of their knowledge and skills. Systematic, robust allied health workforce data are required for integrated and sustainable primary health care delivery.
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Keane, Miriam C., Leigh S. Roeger, Stephen Allison, and Richard L. Reed. "e-Mental health in South Australia: impact of age, gender and region of residence." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 4 (2013): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13027.
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Respondents to the 2008 South Australian Health Omnibus survey (n = 2996) indicated whether, in the previous 12 months, they had searched for information on the Internet relating to emotional issues such as depression, anxiety or relationship problems. Logistic regression was used to examine the penetration of e-mental health in rural and metropolitan areas (region of residence), and determine if other demographic variables (age group, gender) also impacted on the likelihood of an individual reporting that they had used the Internet to obtain such information. Overall, 9% of respondents reported that they had used the Internet for this purpose. The multivariate model was significant, F(11, 2985) = 4.82, P < 0.0001, with middle-aged rural females most likely to report doing so (18.1%), whereas older rural males were least likely to report doing so (2.2.%). These findings have important implications for the design of e-mental health promotional programs that provide information and interventions to improve mental health.
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Currin, Brent, Nompilo Msibi, Tsebang Chuene, and Andre Kruger. "An investigation into the ethical standards and values of registered property valuers in South Africa." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 7, no. 3 (October 31, 2014): 853–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v7i3.241.
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Ethical issues and standards of property professions are being scrutinised. To date, no research has been carried out on the ethical standards in the property valuation profession in South Africa. This research compared the content of codes of ethics and professional conduct of the South African property valuation profession to international standards, and investigated the ethical standards and moral values held by registered valuers in South Africa. A self-administered survey, administered to 611 professional and professional associate valuers, was used. It measured five constructs of unethical behaviour layered into a survey adapted from Hoyt, Wright and Croft (2002). No statistically significant differences were found between different demographic factors in the ethical beliefs of South African valuers. A literature review comparing South Africa’s codes of conduct with those in the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand showed that the standards of ethics and professional practice in South Africa are not in line with international standards. South African valuers appear to be ethical and resist external pressures which could lead to unethical behaviour.
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Gales, Nick, Robert D. McCauley, Janet Lanyon, and Dave Holley. "Change in abundance of dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia: evidence for large-scale migration." Wildlife Research 31, no. 3 (2004): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02073.
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The third in a series of five-yearly aerial surveys for dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf was conducted in July 1999. The first two surveys provided evidence of an apparently stable population of dugongs, with ~1000 animals in each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef, and 10 000 in Shark Bay. We report estimates of less than 200 for each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef and ~14 000 for Shark Bay. This is an apparent overall increase in the dugong population over this whole region, but with a distributional shift of animals to the south. The most plausible hypothesis to account for a large component of this apparent population shift is that animals in Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef moved to Shark Bay, most likely after Tropical Cyclone Vance impacted available dugong forage in the northern habitat. Bias associated with survey estimate methodology, and normal changes in population demographics may also have contributed to the change. The movement of large numbers of dugongs over the scale we suggest has important management implications. First, such habitat-driven shifts in regional abundance will need to be incorporated in assessing the effectiveness of marine protected areas that aim to protect dugongs and their habitat. Second, in circumstances where aerial surveys are used to estimate relative trends in abundance of dugongs, animal movements of the type we propose could lead to errors in interpretation.
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Goldney, Robert D., Robert D. Goldney, Laura J. Fisher, Eleonora Dal Grande, Anne W. Taylor, and Graeme Hawthorne. "Have Education and Publicity about Depression Made a Difference? Comparison of Prevalence, Service use and Excess Costs in South Australia: 1998 and 2004." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670601050465.
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Objective: To identify changes in depression, its management and associated excess costs, between 1998 and 2004 in South Australia. Methods: A face-to-face Health Omnibus Survey was conducted in 2004 among 3015 randomly selected participants aged 15 years and over, who were a random and representative sample of the South Australian population, and this was compared with a survey conducted in 1998 that used the same methodology. The main outcome measures were prevalence of depression detected by the Mood Module of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD); use of health services; health-related quality of life assessed by the Assessment of Quality of Life; estimates of excess costs and demographic data. Results: There was no significant change in the overall prevalence of depression, although there was a significant decrease in respondents with other depressions, and a non-significant increase in those with major depression. No significant differences in the mean number of PRIME-MD depression symptoms were reported. Greater use of predominantly non-medical treatment services and antidepressants were reported by both those with depression and those without depression. There was a marked increase in the associated excess costs of depression. Conclusions: There has been no significant improvement in the prevalence of depression and its associated morbidity and financial burden in the South Australian community between 1998 and 2004, despite a number of professional and community education programmes. It is possible that without these efforts and the increased treatment reported on in this survey, there may have been an increase in the prevalence of depression and an even greater financial burden. However, it is also possible that community services for the provision of treatment for depression have not been able to implement research strategies that have been demonstrated to be effective.
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Todorov, Kamelia, Carlene Wilson, Greg Sharplin, and Nadia Corsini. "Faecal occult blood testing (FOBT)-based colorectal cancer screening trends and predictors of non-use: findings from the South Australian setting and implications for increasing FOBT uptake." Australian Health Review 42, no. 1 (2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16126.
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Objective The present study used data from three South Australian population health surveys to examine trends in knowledge, recent use and reasons for use or non-use of faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening from 2011 to 2014. Screening awareness and demographic factors related to non-use were also examined. Methods FOBT trends were examined for respondents aged 50–75 years across survey years (n ~ 1000). Logistic regression analyses were undertaken to determine predictors of non-use and reasons for non-use of FOBT based on latest data. Results The proportion of respondents reporting recent FOBT use has trended up, whereas the proportion reporting non-use has trended down. Awareness of screening recommendations has increased. Respondents who were aware of screening recommendations and those aged 65–69 years were significantly less likely to report non-use. The most commonly reported reasons for FOBT use were as part the national screening program or routine examination, whereas reasons for non-use were not having symptoms and doctor not advising to have the test. Conclusions FOBT screening trends are indicative of the positive effect of the continued expansion of the national screening program. FOBT uptake may be increased by addressing salient barriers, as indicated by persisting reasons for non-use of FOBT. What is known about the topic? Australia has one of the highest age-standardised incidence rates of CRC (or bowel cancer) in the world. Population screening using non-invasive stool-based FOBT was implemented in Australia in 2006 with the introduction of the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP). To date, the NBCSP has been extended to only a small proportion of the target population and FOBT screening rates remain well below desired levels to effect changes in CRC outcomes at the population level. There is a recognised need for more robust data on CRC screening practices to inform interventions aimed at increasing FOBT uptake, beyond the scope of the NBCSP. What does this paper add? The study provides valuable insights into trends of FOBT screening indicators over time in the South Australia, drawing on data from population state health surveys undertaken from 2011 to 2014. A particular advantage of the dataset was that it included data on reasons for use and non-use of FOBT. These data are not routinely assessed in population-level studies of FOBT uptake, although such information would be beneficial for tracking implementation of the national program and identifying salient barriers to FOBT uptake in low-participation groups. Thus, the study also describes factors related to non-use and reasons for non-use of FOBT among the target population for CRC screening. What are the implications for practitioners? Results suggest that there have been considerable shifts in community knowledge and FOBT screening participation rates from 2011 to 2014, reflecting the positive effect of the NBCSP. Reliance on physician recommendation to screen, as well as knowledge deficits related to screening frequency and the perceived relevance of screening remain prominent barriers to FOBT uptake. Recommendations for increasing FOBT uptake are made in view of salient barriers and identified segments of the population less likely to report FOBT use.
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STEVEN, ROCHELLE, CLARE MORRISON, and J. GUY CASTLEY. "Exploring attitudes and understanding of global conservation practice among birders and avitourists for enhanced conservation of birds." Bird Conservation International 27, no. 2 (August 17, 2016): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000174.
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SummaryBirders are generally nature-oriented; however, their understanding of key bird conservation issues remains under-examined. We surveyed English-speaking birders online and face-to-face, asking questions related to their views on conservation, conservation funding and their understanding of a global bird conservation programme (BirdLife International’s Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas [IBAs]). Most birders who responded to the survey were from Australia, the United Kingdom, South Africa and the USA. Birders tend to value bird conservation in an ecocentric way, often citing the overarching importance of general biodiversity. The ecological roles that birds play were also highlighted, but this varied across socio-demographic groups. Despite their positive support for conservation, less than half of all birders surveyed were familiar with the IBA programme. Familiarity with IBAs was driven by socio-demographic factors, with males more familiar than females and South African birders more familiar than birders from Australia and the United Kingdom. Most birders are willing to make contributions to bird conservation when visiting key birding sites, however they also feel governments should remain the main funders of conservation. Opportunities to enhance engagement between birders and bird conservation groups exist with most indicating a desire to learn more about bird conservation at birding sites. Increasing access to relevant information and presenting opportunities to contribute to conservation at birding sites could provide tangible benefits for bird habitats, protected areas and bird conservation groups.
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McCrea, Rod. "Explaining Sociospatial Patterns in South East Queensland, Australia: Social Homophily versus Structural Homophily." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 41, no. 9 (January 1, 2009): 2201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a41300.
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Model simulations of residential segregation have shown that even modest levels of social homophily (or wishing to live near residents with similar social characteristics) gives rise to distinct spatial patterns of residential segregation. However, this proposition has been contested where social homophily is modest. This paper contrasts two explanations for urban sociospatial patterns (socioeconomic and demographic spatial patterns) in a region where social homophily is modest-South East Queensland (SEQ). The research question is whether sociospatial patterns are better explained by social homophily or by structural homophily. In other words, are they better explained by residents wishing to live in neighborhoods with similar people (social homophily), or by residents with similar social characteristics finding similar neighborhood physical attributes important, and thus moving to neighborhoods with similar people (structural homophily). SEQ residents were asked how important various reasons were in choosing their neighborhood. The survey data were linked to neighborhood social characteristics from census data with the aid of geographic information systems. Six neighborhood social characteristics in SEQ were investigated. Social homophily explained a small, though statistically significant, level of spatial variation in socioeconomic and ethnic (non-Western) environments. However, it did not explain any variation in the other four neighborhood social characteristics which related to household structure: that is, younger nonnuclear household environments; nuclear family environments; and older nonnuclear household environments, or disadvantaged environments. Moreover, structural homophily explained much more variation than did social homophily in all six neighborhood social characteristics. In regions such as SEQ, spatial patterns can largely be explained by structural homophily. Thus, modest levels of social homophily are not necessarily important in explaining sociospatial patterning.
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Lavers, Jennifer L. "Population status and threats to Flesh-footed Shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes) in South and Western Australia." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 2 (October 3, 2014): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu164.
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Abstract Seabirds are considered reliable indicators of the marine environment due to their reliance on ocean-based resources and position at the top of the marine foodweb. The status of the world's bird populations have deteriorated over the past 20 years with seabirds declining faster than any other bird group. For some seabird species, a lack of data or synthesis of available data limits our ability to detect changes in population trends and gain insight into the condition of the surrounding marine environment. The Flesh-footed Shearwater (FFSH; Puffinus carneipes) exemplifies this with demographic and count data either absent or outdated for most breeding islands. Results of a survey of 20 FFSH breeding islands in South and Western Australia during 2011–2014, and a synthesis of all available data indicate the current global population is substantially smaller than previously thought, comprising no more than 74 000 breeding pairs. While much of the reduction in numbers is due to outdated burrow counts which are shown to be a poor measure of population size in this species, there is evidence of a decline in numbers on at least six islands that account for ∼40% of the world's population. A review of novel and existing data on FFSH breeding habits (burrow occupancy and density), concurrent threats, and population size in South and Western Australia are presented here along with priorities for management of this declining marine predator.
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Butow, Phyllis Noemi, Lynley Aldridge, Melanie Bell, Ming Sze, Maurice Eisenbruch, Madeleine King, Michael Jefford, Penelope Schofield, Priya Duggal-Beri, and David Goldstein. "Cancer survivorship outcomes in immigrants." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 6111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6111.
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6111 Background: Immigration is increasing world-wide. Cancer survivorship is now recognised as a period of difficult adjustment for all patients, and possibly more so for immigrants. We explored disparities in quality of life outcomes for immigrant (IM) versus Anglo-Australian (AA) cancer survivors. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, cancer survivors were recruited through the New South Wales, Queensland and Victorian Cancer Registries in Australia. IM participants, their parents and grandparents were born in a country where Chinese, Greek, or Arabic is spoken and spoke one of those languages. AAs were born in Australia and spoke English. All were diagnosed with cancer 1-3 years previously. Questionnaires (completed in preferred language) included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety/ depression), FACT-G (quality of life) and Supportive Care Needs Survey (unmet needs). Outcomes were compared between AA and IM groups in adjusted regression models that included age, gender, socio-economic status, education, marital status, religion, time since diagnosis and cancer type (prostate, colorectal, breast and other). Results: There were 599 participants (response rate 41%). Consent was unrelated to demographic and disease variables. AA and IM groups were similar except that immigrants had higher proportions in the low and highly educated groups (p < 0.0001), and higher socioeconomic status (p = 0.0003). In adjusted analyses (see table), IMs had clinically significant higher depression (possible range 0-21), greater unmet information and physical needs, and lower quality of life than AAs. The possible range for the latter three is 0-100. Conclusions: Immigrants experience poorer outcomes in cancer survivorship, even after adjusting for socio-economic, demographic and disease differences. Interventions are required to improve their adjustment after cancer. Results highlight areas of unmet need that might be better addressed by the health system (particularly with regard to provision of information and support. [Table: see text]
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Chong, Shanley, Roy Byun, Soumya Mazumdar, Adrian Bauman, and Bin Jalaludin. "Effects of Distant Green Space on Physical Activity in Sydney, Australia." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 14, no. 1 (January 2017): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0142.
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Background:The aim was to investigate the association between distant green space and physical activity modified by local green space.Methods:Information about physical activity, demographic and socioeconomic background at the individual level was extracted from the New South Wales Population Health Survey. The proportion of a postcode that was parkland was used as a proxy measure for access to parklands and was calculated for each individual.Results:There was a significant relationship between distant green space and engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at least once a week. No significant relationship was found between adequate physical activity and distant green space. No significant relationships were found between adequate physical activity, engaging in MVPA, and local green space. However, if respondents lived in greater local green space (≥25%), there was a significant relationship between engaging in MVPA at least once a week and distance green space of ≥20%.Conclusion:This study highlights the important effect of distant green space on physical activity. Our findings also suggest that moderate size of local green space together with moderate size of distant green space are important levers for participation of physical activity.
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Pearson, David J., Linda E. Neaves, Mike Paxman, Anthony Desmond, Juanita Renwick, Merril Halley, Nicole Willers, and Mark D. B. Eldridge. "Identification of a remnant population of the black-flanked rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis lateralis) in Kalbarri National Park, Western Australia, and implications for its management." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 2 (2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am18021.
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Black-flanked rock-wallabies (Petrogale lateralis lateralis) were thought to be locally extinct in Kalbarri National Park, Western Australia, until 2015 when a pair were photographed in the Murchison River gorge. Subsequent searches failed to locate any other populations and, in combination with previous surveys, suggest that these animals were the sole survivors of a formerly abundant population. Efforts to capture the rock-wallabies to obtain tissue samples and ascertain their genetic affinities were unsuccessful. However, fresh faecal material was collected and a ~600-bp fragment of DNA sequence data was obtained from a mitochondrial DNA gene. The Kalbarri rock-wallabies were found to be genetically distinct from all other sampled populations of P. l. lateralis. They were genetically most similar to rock-wallabies in the Calvert Range, 950km to the north-east in the Little Sandy Desert. Nearer populations in Cape Range (600km north) and the Western Australian Wheatbelt (500km south-east) were less closely related. Following evaluation of a variety of factors, including population size, genetics, demography, ecology, environment and logistics, a decision was made to supplement the Kalbarri National Park population with females sourced from the Western Australian Wheatbelt. In May 2016 three females were released at the same site as the Kalbarri pair to try to ensure the survival of the population whilst still preserving unique Kalbarri alleles.
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Hussain, Rafat, Stuart Wark, and Peta Ryan. "Caregiving, Employment and Social Isolation: Challenges for Rural Carers in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102267.
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Australia has one of the world’s highest life expectancy rates, and there is a rapidly growing need for informal caregivers to support individuals who are ageing, have chronic illness or a lifelong disability. These informal carers themselves face numerous physical and psychological stressors in attempting to balance the provision of care with their personal life, their work commitments and family responsibilities. However, little is known about the specific challenges facing rural carers and the barriers that limit their capacity to provide ongoing support. A cross-sectional survey composed of open-ended responses and demographic/socioeconomic measures used routinely by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and the Australian Institute of Health & Welfare (AIHW) was used with a cohort of 225 rurally-based carers within New South Wales, Australia. Demographic questions specified the respondents’ age, gender, employment, caregiving status, condition of and relationship to the care recipient, postcode, residency status, and distance and frequency travelled to provide care. Open-ended comments sections were provided to allow participants to describe any issues and problems associated with caregiving including employment, travel, residency, carer support groups and any other general information. The results show that most rural carers were middle-aged women supporting a spouse or a child. Unpredictability associated with providing care exacerbated demands on carers’ time, with many reporting significant employment consequences associated with inflexibility and limited job options in rural locations. Specific issues associated with travel requirements to assist with care were reported, as were the impacts of care provision on the respondents’ own personal health. The majority of carers were aware of the social supports available in their local rural community, but did not access them, leaving the carers vulnerable to marginalisation. Problems associated with employment were noted as resulting in financial pressures and associated personal stress and anxiety for the caregivers. While this issue is not necessarily limited to rural areas, it would appear that the lack of opportunity and flexibility evident in rural areas would exacerbate this problem for non-metropolitan residents. The participants also identified specific barriers to the provision of care in rural areas, including the significant impact of travel. Access to support services, such as carer groups, were rarely accessed due to a mix of factors including inaccessibility, poor timing and a lack of anonymity. Financially, there was considerable evidence of hardship, and there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review of government and community-based support to better meet the needs of rural carers.
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Chapman, Janine, Ann M. Roche, Victoria Kostadinov, Vinita Duraisingam, and Sianne Hodge. "Lived Experience: Characteristics of Workers in Alcohol and Other Drug Nongovernment Organizations." Contemporary Drug Problems 47, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450919894341.
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Background: Workers with lived experience of problematic alcohol and other drug (AOD) use are increasingly recognized as integral to the AOD field. However, little is known about the prevalence or characteristics of AOD workers with lived experience across the general AOD workforce, in Australia or internationally. This study aimed to (1) investigate the prevalence of lived experience in AOD workers, (2) build an initial profile of workers with lived experience, (3) identify areas where appropriate support mechanisms may be warranted, and (4) generate recommendations for future work. Method: Nongovernment organization AOD workers from New South Wales, Australia, were invited to participate in a purpose-designed, online survey. Measures included demographic and workforce characteristics, work-related psychosocial factors, and health, quality of life, and AOD use. Descriptive analyses compared responses from workers with and without lived experience on key variables. Results: Two hundred and sixty-eight workers responded. Workers with lived experience comprised 43% of the sample; were more likely to be older; male; identify as lesbian, gay, homosexual, or queer; have lower salary; report discrimination in the workplace; abstain from alcohol; report opioid use; and experience less support outside work. Conclusion: This is the first Australian study to examine the profile of AOD workers with lived experience. Workers with lived experience constituted a substantial proportion of the AOD workforce. Analogous to other countries, comprehensive, appropriately tailored workforce development and support policies are required. Future research should build on these findings by extending to a broader population base, including government workers.
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Williams, Astrid-Jane, Ramesh Paramsothy, Nan Wu, Simon Ghaly, Steven Leach, Sudarshan Paramsothy, Crispin Corte, et al. "Australia IBD Microbiome (AIM) Study: protocol for a multicentre longitudinal prospective cohort study." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e042493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042493.
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IntroductionCrohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are common chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which cause considerable morbidity. Although the precise mechanisms of disease remain unclear, evidence implicates a strong multidirectional interplay between diet, environmental factors, genetic determinants/immune perturbations and the gut microbiota. IBD can be brought into remission using a number of medications, which act by suppressing the immune response. However, none of the available medications address any of the underlying potential mechanisms. As we understand more about how the microbiota drives inflammation, much interest has focused on identifying microbial signals/triggers in the search for effective therapeutic targets. We describe the establishment of the Australian IBD Microbiota (AIM) Study, Australia’s first longitudinal IBD bioresource, which will identify and correlate longitudinal microbial and metagenomics signals to disease activity as evaluated by validated clinical instruments, patient-reported surveys, as well as biomarkers. The AIM Study will also gather extensive demographic, clinical, lifestyle and dietary data known to influence microbial composition in order to generate a more complete understanding of the interplay between patients with IBD and their microbiota.MethodsThe AIM Study is an Australian multicentre longitudinal prospective cohort study, which will enrol 1000 participants; 500 patients with IBD and 500 healthy controls over a 5-year period. Assessment occurs at 3 monthly intervals over a 24-month period. At each assessment oral and faecal samples are self-collected along with patient-reported outcome measures, with clinical data also collected at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Intestinal tissue will be sampled whenever a colonoscopy is performed. Dietary intake, general health and psychological state will be assessed using validated self-report questionnaires. Samples will undergo metagenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and culturomic analyses. Omics data will be integrated with clinical data to identify predictive biomarkers of response to therapy, disease behaviour and environmental factors in patients with IBD.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been obtained from the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District Research Ethics Committee (HREC 2019/ETH11443). Findings will be reported at national and international gastroenterology meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000911190.
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Smyth, Ciara, and Marilyn McHugh. "Exploring the dimensions of professionalising fostering: Carers’ perceptions of their fostering role." Children Australia 31, no. 1 (2006): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200010944.
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Australia is experiencing major difficulties attracting and retaining foster carers. This crisis in recruitment has focused attention on whether fostering can continue to rely on voluntary carers. This paper examines data from a 2003/4 survey of foster carers in New South Wales commissioned by the Department of Community Services. The research explores carers’ perceptions of the nature of the fostering role and examines these in relation to three dimensions of professionalisation: training, support and payment. The findings indicate that the majority of carers believe fostering should be regarded as a professional or semi-professional role. Among these carers, there was a higher level of support for the three dimensions of professionalisation compared to carers who regard their role as voluntary. Differences in perceptions were not attributable to other socio-demographic characteristics, aside from education levels. This paper also addresses the policy implications of these findings for the future recruitment and retention of carers.
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Goldstein, David, Ming Sze, Melanie Bell, Madeleine King, Michael Jefford, Maurice Eisenbruch, Afaf Girgis, Lisa Vaccaro, and Phyllis Noemi Butow. "Disparities in quality-of-life outcomes in immigrant cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e16507-e16507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e16507.
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e16507 Background: Immigration is increasing world-wide. We explored disparities in quality of life outcomes for immigrant (IM) versus Anglo-Australian (AA) cancer patients having anti-cancer treatment. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, cancer patients were recruited through outpatient Oncology clinics in New South Wales, Victoria, and the Northern Territory in Australia. IM participants, their parents and grand parents were born in a country where Chinese, Greek, or Arabic is spoken and spoke one of those languages. AAs were born in Australia and spoke English. All were diagnosed with cancer < 1 year previously. Questionnaires (completed in preferred language) included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety/depression), FACT-G (quality of life) and the Supportive Care Needs Survey (unmet needs). Adjusted regression models comparing AA and IM groups included age, gender, socio-economic status, education, marital status, religion, time since diagnosis, and cancer type (colorectal, breast, lung, other). Results: There were 910 participants (response rate 57%). IM were similar to AA, except that IM were more likely to be married (76 vs 67 %, p = 0.01) and in the low and the highly educated groups (p < 0.0001). In adjusted analyses, IMs had clinically significant higher anxiety, greater unmet information and physical needs and lower quality of life than AAs (see table). The possible ranges are 0-21 for anxiety and depression, and 0-100 otherwise. Conclusions: In this hospital-based study with a high rate of advanced disease, immigrants with cancer experienced poorer quality of life outcomes, even after adjusting for socio-economic, demographic, and disease variables. Interventions are required to improve their experience of cancer care. Results highlight areas of unmet need that might be better addressed by the health system (particularly with regards to provision of information and meeting support and physical needs). [Table: see text]
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Axisa, Carmen, Louise Nash, Patrick Kelly, and Simon Willcock. "Psychiatric morbidity, burnout and distress in Australian physician trainees." Australian Health Review 44, no. 1 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah18076.
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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, alcohol use, burnout and compassion satisfaction among physician trainees in New South Wales, Australia, and examine links between personal, demographic and lifestyle factors. Methods A total of 67 physician trainees were recruited to the study. Fifty-nine completed the online survey (88% response rate). Outcome measures included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Professional Quality of Life Scale and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Results Approximately half the respondents met screening criteria for depression (53%), stress (51%) and anxiety (46%). Secondary traumatic stress was exceptionally high across the cohort, with higher scores in females (P=0.001). The main reasons for not seeking help for depression or anxiety were lack of time (81%), fear of lack of confidentiality or privacy (41%), embarrassment (39%) and effect on registration (27%). Eighty-eight per cent of respondents agreed that doctors feel they need to portray a healthy image, but only 54% engaged in regular exercise and 24% slept ≤6h each day. Conclusion The results demonstrate high levels of non-psychotic psychiatric morbidity among physician trainees and a need to improve their well-being. Workplace systems need to promote healthy work environments and support physician trainees through good mentorship and supervision. What is known about the topic? Doctors’ health and patient care can be affected when doctors experience burnout and psychiatric morbidity. What does this paper add? This paper adds to the evidence of psychiatric morbidity, burnout, secondary trauma and increased demographic data on a cohort of junior doctors undertaking speciality training. In addition, it provides reasons for not seeking help and positive and negative coping methods used by these junior doctors. What are the implications for practitioners? The level of distress is high and requires system changes to support both individual health measures and structural change to work and study programs.
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Dowling, Natalie A., Stephen J. Hall, and Richard McGarvey. "Assessing population sustainability and response to fishing in terms of aggregation structure for greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) fishery management." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-165.
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The greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) population in Waterloo Bay, South Australia, has undergone collapse and fishery closure twice since 1978. A rich data set, including survey measures of degree of spatial aggregation, has been gathered over that time and provides a unique opportunity to identify factors accounting for persistence or collapse, an issue that is of significance to abalone fisheries worldwide. Statistical analyses of fishery and survey data were undertaken to infer functional relationships between catch, effort, recruitment, adult density, and extent of aggregation. Catch rates were hyperstable, an observation consistent with the targeting of large aggregations. Statistical analysis of recruitment showed a significant year effect, implying an environmental signal, and suggested that aggregation size impacts fertilization success. Aggregation size grew under closure, suggesting an impact of fishing on this demographic feature. Aggregative behaviour appears to be critical for subpopulation sustainability. Fishery collapse may be triggered by depletion of larger abalone aggregations by heavy fishing, resulting in declines in fertilized egg production. When heavy fishing coincides with unfavourable environmental conditions, recruitment may be insufficient to sustain the subpopulation. If aggregation is similarly critical for other subpopulations, management strategies could be adapted according to the extent of aggregation in each subpopulation.
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Fullerton, Simon, Anne W. Taylor, Eleonora Dal Grande, and Narelle Berry. "Measuring Physical Inactivity: Do Current Measures Provide an Accurate View of “Sedentary” Video Game Time?" Journal of Obesity 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/287013.
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Background. Measures of screen time are often used to assess sedentary behaviour. Participation in activity-based video games (exergames) can contribute to estimates of screen time, as current practices of measuring it do not consider the growing evidence that playing exergames can provide light to moderate levels of physical activity. This study aimed to determine what proportion of time spent playing video games was actually spent playing exergames.Methods. Data were collected via a cross-sectional telephone survey in South Australia. Participants aged 18 years and above (n=2026) were asked about their video game habits, as well as demographic and socioeconomic factors. In cases where children were in the household, the video game habits of a randomly selected child were also questioned.Results. Overall, 31.3% of adults and 79.9% of children spend at least some time playing video games. Of these, 24.1% of adults and 42.1% of children play exergames, with these types of games accounting for a third of all time that adults spend playing video games and nearly 20% of children’s video game time.Conclusions. A substantial proportion of time that would usually be classified as “sedentary” may actually be spent participating in light to moderate physical activity.
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Schermuly, Allegra Clare, and Helen Forbes-Mewett. "Police legitimacy: perspectives of migrants and non-migrants in Australia." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-08-2018-0025.
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Purpose This paper is drawn from a larger study investigating community perceptions of police legitimacy in the Monash Local Government Area (LGA), in the Australian state of Victoria. Monash had seen declining results in the official government survey in the indicators that assessed police legitimacy over the preceding decade. The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of both migrant and non-migrant participants to understand the role of migrant status in influencing assessments of police legitimacy in Monash LGA. Design/methodology/approach Through six focus groups, 18 interviews and one e-mail response with 31 individuals, perceptions of Victoria Police among the communities of Monash were collated and analysed. Findings One of the key findings of the study was that ethnic diversity and/or migrant status of community members were a key factor raised in response to questions about community perceptions of the legitimacy of Victoria Police in Monash LGA. Demographic change had been significant in Monash LGA over the preceding decade, including increasing ethnic diversity in the population and a shift in migration patterns from predominantly European to migrants from East and South Asia. In this paper, the authors suggest that the migrant status of Monash residents was a key factor that both migrant and non-migrant participants thought influenced perceptions of the police. Accordingly, because migrants make up a significant cohort of Australia’s population, we afford due attention to this previously overlooked topic. Practical implications The practical implications of this paper are as follows: existing Victoria Police partnerships in the Monash community should be continued and expanded where possible; Victoria Police should also prioritise partnerships with large, new migrant communities, for example, Monash’s Chinese communities; orientation for new migrants to Victoria around the criminal justice system, including Victoria Police, would help new migrants be more aware of their rights and what to expect of law enforcement in their new host country; police should continue to increase representation of ethnic diversity in the force via recruitment of greater numbers of ethnically diverse police members. Originality/value Although there have been previous Australian studies on migrant status as a factor in perceptions of criminal justice (see Murphy and Cherney, 2011, 2012; Hong Chui and Kwok-Yin Cheng, 2014), the paper identifies a distinct narrative around migrants’ views of Victoria Police which the authors believe warrant further investigation using an example from a local context. Furthermore, most research in this field has been quantitative. The current study provides additional new insights through an in-depth qualitative approach.
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Doran, Frances M., and Nellie A. Buckley. "Walking patterns in pregnancy." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 3 (2013): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py12064.
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Women are encouraged to be active before, during and after pregnancy. However, most pregnant women do not engage in sufficient levels of physical activity. For women who experience gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), physical activity recommendations are part of the standard management. Walking is the most common activity undertaken by women across the lifespan and often recommended by health professionals. Little research specifically exploring the patterns of walking before, during and after pregnancy has been undertaken. This study investigated patterns of walking undertaken by pregnant women, including those who experienced GDM. A sample of convenience was used to recruit pregnant or postpartum women in regional New South Wales, Australia. Women completed a self-report physical activity survey. The survey also included demographic questions, GDM diagnosis and physical activity advice received from health professionals. The respondents were divided into two groups; those with GDM (GDM) and those without GDM (NoGDM). In both groups, walking declined during pregnancy and returned to prepregnancy levels in the postpartum. This decline was similar to the decline observed in leisure-time physical activity. The GDM group walked more than the NoGDM group and a higher percentage of GDM reported being advised to engage in physical activity by health professionals. Even though walking is the most common activity undertaken for women across the lifespan, prepregnancy walking levels do not necessarily continue during pregnancy. Advice from health professionals may assist in maintaining walking levels during pregnancy. Encouraging pregnant women to continue their prepregnancy walking level may be a relatively simple strategy to increase participation in physical activity.
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Miller, Caroline L., Joanne Dono, Melanie A. Wakefield, Simone Pettigrew, John Coveney, David Roder, Sarah J. Durkin, Gary Wittert, Jane Martin, and Kerry A. Ettridge. "Are Australians ready for warning labels, marketing bans and sugary drink taxes? Two cross-sectional surveys measuring support for policy responses to sugar-sweetened beverages." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e027962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027962.
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ObjectiveTo assess public support for 10 potential policy initiatives to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption.DesignA 2014 historical data set, which employed a face-to-face survey in one Australian state (study 1), provided the basis for comparison with our 2017 nationally representative, cross-sectional, computer-assisted telephone interviewing population survey (study 2).ParticipantsStudy 1: South Australians, 15+ years (n=2732); study 2: Australians, 18+ years (n=3430).Primary outcome measures: levels of support for SSB-specific policy initiatives. For the 2017 national study (study 2), demographic characteristics, body mass index, knowledge of potential harms caused by consuming SSBs and SSB consumption were included in multivariable regression analyses.ResultsIn 2017, all 10 potential policy initiatives received majority support (60%–88% either ‘somewhat’ or ‘strongly’ in favour). Initiatives with educative elements or focused on children received high support (>70%), with highest support observed for text warning labels on drink containers (88%) and government campaigns warning of adverse health effects (87%). Higher support was observed for SSB tax paired with using funds for obesity prevention (77%) than a stand-alone tax (60%). Support for policy initiatives was generally greater among those who believed SSB daily consumption could cause health problems in adults (4%–18% absolute difference) and/or in children (8%–26% absolute difference) and lower among SSB high consumers (7+ drinks per week; 9%–29% absolute difference). State-specific data comparison indicated increased support from 2014 to 2017 for taxation (42%vs55%; χ2=15.7, p<0.001) and graphic health warnings (52%vs68%; χ2=23.4. p<0.001).ConclusionsThere is strong public support for government action, particularly regulatory and educational interventions, to reduce SSB consumption, which appears to have increased since 2014. The findings suggest that framing policies as protecting children, presenting taxation of SSBs in conjunction with other obesity prevention initiatives and education focused on the harms associated with SSB consumption will increase support.
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Bailey, Jacqueline M., Paula M. Wye, Emily A. Stockings, Kate M. Bartlem, Alexandra P. Metse, John H. Wiggers, and Jennifer A. Bowman. "Smoking Cessation Care for People with a Mental Illness: Family Carer Expectations of Health and Community Services." Journal of Smoking Cessation 12, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2016.23.
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Introduction: Smoking prevalence remains high among people with a mental illness, contributing to higher levels of morbidity and mortality. Health and community services are an opportune setting for the provision of smoking cessation care. Although family carers are acknowledged to play a critical role in supporting the care and assistance provided by such services to people with a mental illness, their expectations regarding the delivery of smoking cessation care have not been examined.Aims: To explore family carer expectations of smoking cessation care provision by four types of health services, to clients with a mental illness, and factors associated with expectations.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with carers of a person with a mental illness residing in New South Wales, Australia. Carers were surveyed regarding their expectations of smoking cessation care provision from four types of health services. Possible associations between carer expectation of smoking cessation care provision and socio-demographic and attitudinal variables were explored.Results: Of 144 carers, the majority of carers considered that smoking cessation care should be provided by: mental health hospitals (71.4%), community mental health services (78.0%), general practice (82.7%), and non-government organisations (56.6%). The factor most consistently related to expectation of care was a belief that smoking cessation could positively impact mental health.Conclusions: The majority of carers expected smoking cessation treatment to be provided by all services catering for people with a mental illness, reinforcing the appropriateness for such services to provide smoking cessation care for clients in an effective and systematic manner.
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Liede, Alexander, Jorge Arellano, Guy Hechmati, Brian Bennett, and Steven Wong. "International prevalence of nonmetastatic (M0) castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e16052-e16052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e16052.
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e16052 Background: CRPC represents a growing public health concern that has not been adequately quantified. In the absence of metastases, CRPC represents a transitional disease state defined by increases in prostate specific antigen (PSA) despite castration levels of androgens during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We developed a model to estimate M0 CRPC prevalence in selected countries. Methods: A patient-flow model was developed to estimate 5-year limited duration prevalence of prostate cancer (PC) and M0 PC in each country, each year (2008 to 2028) using age-specific incidence and survival data from population cancer registries from 28 countries in North (US, Canada, Mexico) and South America (Brazil), Europe (18 countries), Asia (5 countries), and Australia. The proportion of men with M0 PC treated with ADT was based on literature reports and survey research with physicians treating PC. PSA relapse rates from published literature were used to estimate CRPC among ADT treated. Results: PC prevalence is driven by size and aging of populations, with notable increases predicted within 15 years in regions other than US, Canada, and EU5 (table). The prevalence model, which utilized country-level data, indicates that M0 CRPC represents a relatively small proportion (2-8%) of the total PC population. Nonetheless, widespread screening and demographic changes dictate that the prevalence of CRPC will increase over the next 15 years, assuming current ADT rates. Conclusions: Incidence trends in PC are dependent on PSA screening, which is projected to lead to an increase in M0 PC and PC prevalence in most regions. The number of men treated with ADT and who ultimately develop CRPC will increase accordingly, as demonstrated in the model. [Table: see text]
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Michael, Damian R., David B. Lindenmayer, Mason Crane, Christopher MacGregor, Rebecca Montague-Drake, and Lachlan McBurney. "Reptilia, Murray catchment, New South Wales, south-eastern Australia." Check List 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 025. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.1.25.
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Two large-scale, long-term biodiversity monitoring programs examining vertebrate responses to habitat fragmentation and landscape change in agricultural landscapes are taking place in the Murray Catchment Management Area of New South Wales, south-eastern Australia. Field surveys involve counting reptiles under a range of management conditions and across a broad range of vegetation types in two bioregions, the South-western Slopes of New South Wales and the Riverina. We list reptiles recorded during surveys conducted between 2002 and 2009. We include additional species recorded between 1997 and 2009 from a conservation reserve. Thirty-nine species from nine families were recorded. The list will be useful for workers interested in reptile zoogeographical distributions and habitat associations as well as those interested in the biodiversity value of remnant vegetation and tree plantings in fragmented agricultural landscapes.
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To, Timothy H. M., Paul Tait, Deidre D. Morgan, Jennifer J. Tieman, Gregory Crawford, Alexandra Michelmore, David C. Currow, and Kate Swetenham. "Case conferencing for palliative care patients – a survey of South Australian general practitioners." Australian Journal of Primary Health 23, no. 5 (2017): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py16001.
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Benefits of case conferencing for people with palliative care needs between a general practitioner, the person and other key participants include improving communication, advance care planning, coordination of care, clarifying goals of care and support for patient, families and carers. Despite a growing evidence base for the benefits, the uptake of case conferencing has been limited in South Australia. The aim of this study is to explore the beliefs and practice of South Australian general practitioners towards case conferencing for people with palliative care needs. Using an online survey, participants were asked about demographics, attitudes towards case conferencing and details about their most recent case conference for a person with palliative care needs. Responses were received from 134 general practitioners (response rate 11%). In total, 80% valued case conferencing for people with palliative care needs; however, <25% had been involved in case conferencing in the previous 2years. The major barrier was time to organise and coordinate case conferences. Enablers included general practitioner willingness or interest, strong relationship with patient, specialist palliative care involvement and assistance with organisation. Despite GPs’ beliefs of the benefits of case conferencing, the barriers remain significant. Enabling case conferencing will require support for organisation of case conferences and review of Medicare Benefits Schedule criteria for reimbursement.
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Henry, Elizabeth, Devika Govind Das, and Martina Cathryn Murphy. "Feasibility of developing a Twitter journal club for hematology/oncology education." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 11004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.11004.
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11004 Background: Medical trainees are increasingly utilizing social media platforms for professional development, networking and education. Twitter chats (TC) are a growing tool to engage health professionals in virtual multi-institutional, cross-discipline discussions. A meta-analysis of Twitter as a tool in residency education demonstrated high rates of satisfaction and concept retention. Despite rapid uptake, few studies address needs for social media use and implementation in graduate medical education. Methods: We created a Twitter account (@HOjournalclub) and registered a certified hashtag (#HOJournalClub) with healthcare symplur. For each monthly TC, a specific tumor type and relevant publication was selected. This information was disseminated and amplified to reach trainees on Twitter. A content expert was invited to each TC to provide additional commentary. During TCs, participants answer questions based on domains of critical journal appraisal. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed. Basic demographics and tracked hashtag use to measure impressions, participants, and tweets per TC were gathered. Responses were collated and general themes were assessed. Participants were surveyed on ease of participation, article accessibility, and prior use of social media for education. Results: Since inception, @HOJournalClub has grown to >650 followers. Most are US-based (83%) medical trainees or healthcare professionals. Additional followers are in South America, Africa, UK, Europe, Middle East, India, East Asia and Australia. Gender is evenly distributed (51% male, 49% female.) Five #HOJournalClub chats have been held to date. Each attracted a mean of 30 participants, generating a mean of 217 tweets. Chats garnered a mean of 270,000 impressions (221,000-319,000) in the 48h after TC. Most participants accessed the chat in real time, with a small subset responding at alternate times. This asynchronous use has enhanced international participation. In post-TC surveys, majority of respondents report being new (48%) or sporadic (48%) users of TCs. Survey participants reported TC participation increased interaction with others in the field, improved literature appraisal skills and led to changes in clinical practice. Conclusions: Implementation of a Twitter-based journal club is feasible and attracts participation from trainees, promoting engagement and networking. It represents a novel educational tool for engagement in multi-institutional, multi-national and cross-discipline discussion of relevant hematology/oncology literature.
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Lindenmayer, David B., Ross B. Cunningham, Chris MacGregor, Rebecca Montague-Drake, Mason Crane, Damian Michael, and Bruce D. Lindenmayer. "Aves, Tumut, New South Wales, South-eastern Australia." Check List 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/3.3.168.
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A large-scale, long-term study of the impacts on vertebrates of landscape change and habitat fragmentation is taking place at Tumut in southern New South Wales, south-eastern Australia. Field surveys focus on counting birds within three broad kinds of sites in the study region. These are: (1) A randomized and replicated set of 85 sites in remnants or fragments of native Eucalyptus forest located within the boundaries of the Radiata Pine plantation. (2) Sites dominated by Radiata Pine plantation trees (N = 40 sites). (3) Sites in the large areas of continuous Eucalyptus forest adjacent to the plantation that act as “controls” (N = 40 sites). We list of birds recorded during 1996 and 1997. A total of 92 species from 34 families was recorded. The list will be useful for workers examining bird responses to fragmented landscapes as well as those interested in the biodiversity values of plantation landscapes.
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Polonsky, M. J., D. R. Scott, and Hazel T. Suchard. "A Profile of Emigrants from South Africa: The Australian Case." International Migration Review 23, no. 4 (December 1989): 933–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838902300409.
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This paper details the results of a survey of a representative group of persons emigrating from South Africa to Australia. The characteristics of the group are identified and reasons for their emigration are suggested. They are found to be skilled persons of liberal or apolitical leanings, who should be of benefit to a future nonracial Australia and a loss to such a potential future South Africa. It is noted that a proportion of the emigrants have little knowledge of their country of destination and have strong family ties in their country of origin. It is suggested that this may result in their being unable to settle satisfactorily in their new homeland.
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Robinson, A. C., C. M. Kemper, G. C. Medlin, and C. H. S. Watts. "The rodents of South Australia." Wildlife Research 27, no. 4 (2000): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97044.
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Thirty species of rodents are recorded from South Australia. At the time of European settlement, the State probably supported at least 19 species of native rodents. Eight additional species have been recorded only in subfossil material. At least 11 species are now considered to be extinct and there have been significant declines in all the other species as a result of over 150 years of European influence. In addition, three species have been introduced to the State since European settlement. Over the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in our understanding of the distribution and ecology of what remains of the rodent fauna through a series of systematic, site-based biological surveys, a significant increase in research on subfossil and owl pellet remains, documentation of Aboriginal ecological knowledge and ecological and distributional studies on three species. This paper describes our current state of knowledge of the distribution, ecology and threats to the South Australian rodent fauna and makes suggestions for future research and conservation management.
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Ben-Tovim, David I., and Jacqueline Morton. "The Epidemiology of Anorexia Nervosa in South Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 24, no. 2 (June 1990): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679009077680.
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A survey of 5,705 pupils in girls' schools in South Australia revealed that the one year prevalence of cases of anorexia nervosa, diagnosed according to DSM-Ill criteria, was 1.05 cases per thousand of the population studied. This study has a number of advantages in comparison to the majority of other school-based surveys, and confirms that descriptions of anorexia nervosa as a disorder of epidemic proportions may be premature.
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Yusuf, Farhat, and Dora Briggs. "Abortion in South Australia, 1971–86: an update." Journal of Biosocial Science 23, no. 3 (July 1991): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000019350.
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SummaryOfficial statistics on abortion in South Australia for the period 1971–86 are analysed in terms of incidence, age of patients and nuptiality, reasons for abortion, method of termination, period of gestation, previous abortions and concurrent sterilisation. Demographic implications are discussed and recommendations are made for more education and counselling, especially for younger and unmarried women for whom the incidence of abortion seems to be rising.
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Norton, Briony A., Linda J. Thomson, and Michael A. Nash. "Ophyiulus in Victoria: results of millipede surveys from south-eastern Australia." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 127, no. 2 (2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs15019.
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The composition and ecology of the millipede fauna of Victoria remain poorly understood. We collected millipedes as part of a series of ecological arthropod surveys across south-eastern Australia, focusing mainly on Victoria. These samples almost exclusively contained millipedes from the introduced order Julida. We pursued species identification of the julids when it became apparent there were species other than the well-recorded Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas, 1860) (Portuguese millipede) in the samples. The majority of specimens were O. moreleti, but we also detected at least one species of Cylindroiulus Verhoeff, 1894, as well as an Ophyiulus Berlese, 1884, species, specimens of which have been identified as Ophyiulus cf. targionii. These are the first Ophyiulus records for Victoria to our knowledge. We present preliminary data on the abundance through the year of Ophyiulus. This is the first study to examine this species in Victoria and little is currently known about its likely impact on agriculture or on native species. Monitoring and research of the species in the future is therefore warranted.
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Arnold, GW, PG Ozanne, KA Galbraith, and F. Dandridge. "The capeweed content of pastures in south-west Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 1 (1985): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850117.
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The capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) content of pastures in the agricultural areas of Western Australia was estimated from coloured aerial photographs taken during flowering. Linear regressions were obtained between a visual score for capeweed content based on colour and the actual capeweed content of calibration sites. Surveys in 1972, 1973 and 1975 showed that 1973 was a year of high capeweed content in all areas compared with 1972 and 1975. The content was higher in lower-rainfall wheatbelt areas, where it averaged about 50% of pasture dry matter in 1973, than in the high-rainfall grazing areas, where the average was 37%. Fluctuations from year to year were followed on fixed sites between 1973 and 1977. The high rainfall sites varied more from year to year in capeweed content than did the low-rainfall sites. A detailed survey of one farm was made between 1972 and 1976 and this confirmed the indications from the other broadscale surveys that 1973 and 1976 were years that favoured capeweed. They were years when germination was followed by a 4-5 week dry period. Soil type and position in the landscape were also shown to influence the capeweed content of pastures.
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Bauman, A. "POPULATION SURVEYS TO MONITOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA 309." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 28, Supplement (May 1996): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199605001-00309.
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Smailes, Peter J. "Demographic Response to Rural Restructuring and Counterurbanisation in South Australia, 1981-1991." International Journal of Population Geography 2, no. 3 (September 1996): 261–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1220(199609)2:3<261::aid-ijpg38>3.0.co;2-l.
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Booysen, F. le R. "Using Demographic and Health Surveys to Measure Poverty - An Application to South Africa." Studies in Economics and Econometrics 26, no. 3 (December 1, 2002): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10800379.2002.12106337.
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Fulton, Graham R. "Owl survey of the Peel–Harvey Estuary in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 2 (2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17027.
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Little is known of owls in south-western Australia compared with the owls of southern and eastern Australia. Surveys of forest owls in the south-west are almost completely lacking. This study sought to determine the abundance and detectability of owls immediately around the Peel–Harvey Estuary in south-western Australia. The southern boobook (Ninox boobook) and the masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae) were the only owls detected (n = 23 and n = 1 respectively), although the nocturnal tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) was detected from unelicited calls on three occasions. Southern boobooks were found to be common in this area though they are reported to be in decline in south-eastern and inland Australia. Their detectability was significantly greater in August (late winter) than at other times through unelicited calls; otherwise, there were no detections in winter. A variety of small mammals were detected during the surveys, including: a little red flying-fox (Pteropus scapulatus), a western ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis), 19 southern brown bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus), 4 common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), 21 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), a black rat (Rattus rattus), 2 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and 22 microbats.