Journal articles: 'Demography. Population studies'

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EVELYNHUTCHINSON, G. "Population studies: Animal ecology and demography." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 53, no. 1-2 (1991): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8240(05)80046-1.

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Hutchinson, G. E. "Population studies: animal ecology and demography." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 54, no. 4 (July 1992): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02459641.

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Hutchinson, G. Evelyn. "Population studies: Animal ecology and demography." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 53, no. 1-2 (March 1991): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02464429.

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Preston, Samuel H. "Population Studies of Mortality." Population Studies 50, no. 3 (November 1996): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000149596.

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Burch, Thomas K. "Agent-Based Modelling in Population Studies." Canadian Studies in Population 45, no. 3-4 (August 30, 2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/csp29415.

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Strassberg, Sarah Saxton, and Nicole Creanza. "Cultural evolution and prehistoric demography." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1816 (November 30, 2020): 20190713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0713.

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One prominent feature of human culture is that different populations have different tools, technologies and cultural artefacts, and these unique toolkits can also differ in size and complexity. Over the past few decades, researchers in the fields of prehistoric demography and cultural evolution have addressed a number of questions regarding variation in toolkit size and complexity across prehistoric and modern populations. Several factors have been proposed as possible explanations for this variation: in particular, the mobility of a population, the resources it uses, the volatility of its environment and the number of individuals in the population. Using a variety of methods, including empirical and ethnographic research, computational models and laboratory-based experiments, researchers have found disparate results regarding each hypothesis. These discordant findings have led to debate over the factors that most significantly influence toolkit size and composition. For instance, several computational, empirical and laboratory studies of food-producing populations have found a positive correlation between the number of individuals in a population and toolkit size, whereas similar studies of hunter–gatherer populations have found little evidence of such a link. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature in this field of study and propose corollaries and interdisciplinary approaches with the goal of reconciling dissimilar findings into a more comprehensive view of cultural toolkit variation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cross-disciplinary approaches to prehistoric demography’.

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Shorter, Frederic C. "The Crisis of Population Knowledge in Turkey." New Perspectives on Turkey 12 (1995): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600001126.

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The main purpose of this paper is to present some basic information about the population of Turkey and its interpretation in a manner which readers of New Perspectives will find interesting for their purposes. One way to do this is to notice how certain population issues are handled in the public and scholarly discourse. Then, as a demographer and social scientist I will comment on some of these issues and hope to clarify them. Second is to present some of the main features of the macro-demography of Turkey. The account is unavoidably quantitative, but I hope digestible even by those who have aversions to numerical analysis. When the truly large changes in the size and age structure of the population are seen, important questions about the effect of these changes on other fields arise, and it is interesting to think about them. Third, the urbanization of Turkey is one of the central and most important changes in the demographic structure of the society during the last 40 years. I mention its characteristics along with a brief look at the effects on the demography of Istanbul.

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Smith, Daniel Scott. "Population and Political Ethics: Thomas Jefferson's Demography of Generations." William and Mary Quarterly 56, no. 3 (July 1999): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674562.

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Zodpey, Sanjay, Ritika Tiwari, and Ranjana Singh. "Landscaping academic programs offered in demography and population studies in India." Indian Journal of Public Health 59, no. 3 (2015): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-557x.164655.

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Pallas, Aaron M. "Race, Population Studies, and America’s Public Schools: A Critical Demography Perspective." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 47, no. 6 (November 2018): 722–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306118805422x.

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Liu, Xiaoming. "Human Prehistoric Demography Revealed by the Polymorphic Pattern of CpG Transitions." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 9 (May 5, 2020): 2691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa112.

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Abstract The prehistoric demography of human populations is an essential piece of information for illustrating our evolution. Despite its importance and the advancement of ancient DNA studies, our knowledge of human evolution is still limited, which is also the case for relatively recent population dynamics during and around the Holocene. Here, we inferred detailed demographic histories from 1 to 40 ka for 24 population samples using an improved model-flexible method with 36 million genome-wide noncoding CpG sites. Our results showed many population growth events that were likely due to the Neolithic Revolution (i.e., the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement). Our results help to provide a clearer picture of human prehistoric demography, confirming the significant impact of agriculture on population expansion, and provide new hypotheses and directions for future research.

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Thomas, Neil. "Population and the World Bank: Implications from Eight Case Studies." Population Studies 47, no. 3 (November 1, 1993): 557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000147436.

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Lee, Derek E., Monica L. Bond, Bernard M. Kissui, Yustina A. Kiwango, and Douglas T. Bolger. "Spatial variation in giraffe demography: a test of 2 paradigms." Journal of Mammalogy 97, no. 4 (May 11, 2016): 1015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw086.

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Abstract Examination of spatial variation in demography among or within populations of the same species is a topic of growing interest in ecology. We examined whether spatial variation in demography of a tropical megaherbivore followed the “temporal paradigm” or the “adult survival paradigm” of ungulate population dynamics formulated from temperate-zone studies. We quantified spatial variation in demographic rates for giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) at regional and continental scales. Regionally, we used photographic capture-mark-recapture data from 860 adult females and 449 calves to estimate adult female survival, calf survival, and reproduction at 5 sites in the Tarangire ecosystem of Tanzania. We examined potential mechanisms for spatial variation in regional demographic rates. At the continental scale, we synthesized demographic estimates from published studies across the range of the species. We created matrix population models for all sites at both scales and used prospective and retrospective analyses to determine which vital rate was most important to variation in population growth rate. Spatial variability of demographic parameters at the continental scale was in agreement with the temporal paradigm of low variability in adult survival and more highly variable reproduction and calf survival. In contrast, at the regional scale, adult female survival had higher spatial variation, in agreement with the adult survival paradigm. At both scales, variation in adult female survival made the greatest contribution to variation in local population growth rates. Our work documented contrasting patterns of spatial variation in demographic rates of giraffes at 2 spatial scales, but at both scales, we found the same vital rate was most important. We also found anthropogenic impacts on adult females are the most likely mechanism of regional population trajectories.

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Walters, Sarah. "African Population History: Contributions of Moral Demography." Journal of African History 62, no. 2 (July 2021): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185372100044x.

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AbstractImproving knowledge about African historical demography is essential to addressing current population trends and achieving deeper understanding of social, economic, and political change in the past and present. I use census and parish register data from Tanganyika to address the origins of twentieth-century population growth, to describe how major changes in fertility and child mortality began in the 1940s, and to emphasise the significance of the large rise in fertility between the 1940s and 1970s. Through this work and my wider survey of parish registers in Malawi, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zambia, I consider the relationships between power, evidence, and meaning in these data sources. Alongside the macro gaps in Africa's population history are significant microsilences — lacunae in the sources and data which reflect the hegemonic structures within which they were produced. I suggest a moral demography approach to their analysis, borrowing from the reflexive and dialectic method found in studies of moral economy.

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Murray, Dennis L. "A geographic analysis of snowshoe hare population demography." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 1207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-025.

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Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) populations across northern Canada and Alaska undergo 8- to 11-year cycles in numbers, but population trends in southern Canada and the contiguous United States are apparently either weakly cyclic, irruptive, or largely stable. Although the demographic attributes (population density, reproductive rates, and survival rates) of northern and southern hare populations should differ considerably to account for such differential trends, to date limited rangewide analyses of hare demography have been undertaken. I reviewed hunter harvest estimates and basic demographic attributes for hare populations across North America, and assessed the effect of latitude, longitude, and latitude × longitude interaction on the magnitude and variation of such attributes. Harvest estimates tended to be synchronous across the Great Lakes area and along the St. Lawrence River, whereas they varied more dramatically along a westward gradient and in hare populations suspected of being cyclic. Hare densities tended to be higher among apparently noncyclic than cyclic populations at numerical lows, as well as among studies where hare numbers were apparently increasing. Populations from northern latitudes tended to breed later than those in the south, and females from western areas produced larger, but fewer litters, than those from eastern populations; total productivity was similar across geographic areas. Survival rates for both adult and juvenile hares were higher in increasing populations than in decreasing populations. Survival of adults also decreased along a northwest gradient, whereas that of juveniles decreased across a western gradient and with longitude, was lower in apparently noncyclic populations, and was also lower in populations in areas of high lynx (Lynx canadensis) densities. I conclude that, although disparity clearly exists in the trends of various hare populations, the absence of strong latitudinal gradients in demographic attributes fails to support the hypothesis that differential survival/predation is responsible for the regional differences in numerical trends.

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Marandola, Eduardo, and Daniel Joseph Hogan. "Vulnerabilities and risks in population and environment studies." Population and Environment 28, no. 2 (November 2006): 83–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-007-0036-7.

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Amori, Giovanni, Valentina De Silvestro, Paolo Ciucci, and Luca Luiselli. "Quantifying whether different demographic models produce incongruent results on population dynamics of two long-term studied rodent species." European Journal of Ecology 3, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eje-2017-0003.

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Abstract1. Population density (ind/ha) of long-term (>15 years) series of CMR populations, using distinct demographic models designed for both open and closed populations, were analysed for two sympatric species of rodents (Myodes glareolus and Apodemus flavicollis) from a mountain area in central Italy, in order to test the relative performance of various employed demographic models. In particular, the hypothesis that enumeration models systematically underestimate the population size of a given population was tested.2. Overall, we compared the performance of 7 distinct demographic models, including both closed and open models, for each study species. Although the two species revealed remarkable intrinsic differences in demography traits (for instance, a lower propensity for being recaptured in Apodemus flavicollis), the Robust Design appeared to be the best fitting model, showing that it is the most suitable model for long-term studies.3. Among the various analysed demographic models, Jolly-Seber returned the lower estimates of population density for both species. Thus, this demographic model could not be suggested for being applied for long-term studies of small mammal populations because it tends to remarkably underestimate the effective population size. Nonetheless, yearly estimates of population density by Jolly-Seber correlated positively with yearly estimates of population density by closed population models, thus showing that interannual trends in population dynamics were uncovered by both types of demographic models, although with different values in terms of true population size.

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Smith, Herbert L. "Some Thoughts on Causation as It Relates to Demography and Population Studies." Population and Development Review 29, no. 3 (September 2003): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2003.00459.x.

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Leykin, Inna. "The History and Afterlife of Soviet Demography: The Socialist Roots of Post-Soviet Neoliberalism." Slavic Review 78, no. 01 (2019): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2019.12.

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The discourse on the demographic crisis in contemporary Russia resonates with a neoliberal political project that attempts to govern populations through the market logic of optimization, responsibilization, and efficacy. Yet, as this article argues, the basic categories of the discourse, although evocative of a new neoliberal rationality, were in fact born of epistemological changes that took place in the Soviet science of population in the last decades of the USSR. Specifically, the analytical shift from Marxist-Leninist demography, which stressed a strong economic determinism, to the concept of demographic behavior, which became central to the discipline's analytical toolkit in the late Soviet period, produced political ideas in which individual behavior became both the core of the population problem and its solution. The article follows these institutional and conceptual transformations and shows how knowledge produced by Soviet demographers in that period continues to provide the foundation for neoliberal state efforts to solve the population problem. When seen from a historical perspective, the neoliberal character of the new population policies loses its apparent ideological and political coherence.

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Kozhukhar, Victor. "Historiography and empirical base of ethnodemographic studies of Ukrainians in the Republic of Moldova at the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century." Journal of Ethnology and Culturology 29 (August 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/rec.2021.29.04.

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The article presents studies on demography in the Republic of Moldova in the late XX – early XXI century. It is noted that after 1991 the close attention of researchers, journalists, public organizations is focused on the problems of demography. The authors trace the dynamics of demographic processes in Moldova, determine the causes and possible consequences of negative processes, offer solutions to improve the situation. Conventionally, we can divide all publications into three categories: 1) works that consider the demographic situation and its dynamics in the country as a whole; 2) work on migration issues; 3) works on ethnodemography, i.e. dedicated to demographic processes in the environment of ethnic communities. However, there are not many special ethno-demographic studies on Ukrainians in Moldova. The article also discusses the main sources for ethnodemographic research: population censuses, current accounting of demographic events, special sample surveys, lists and registers of the population. An analysis of each group of sources is given from the point of view of their informativeness for a full-fledged ethno-demographic study of Ukrainians in Moldova

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Dasvarma, Gouranga Lal. "THE IMPORTANCE OF POPULATION STUDIES AND THE STATE OF TECHNICAL DEMOGRAPHIC TRAINING IN ASIA." Asian Population Studies 6, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441731003603330.

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Van Arsdale, Adam P. "Population Demography, Ancestry, and the Biological Concept of Race." Annual Review of Anthropology 48, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102218-011154.

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For more than 50 years, biological anthropology has argued against the use of the biological race concept. Despite such efforts, aspects of the concept remain in circulation within society and within the discipline itself. As commonly articulated, anthropology's rejection of the biological race concept lacks an evolutionarily based explanatory grounding. Biological patterns of variation in living humans do not map onto commonly utilized categorizations of race, but this knowledge does not explain why human evolution has not produced such structures. This article attempts to offer one such explanation by constructing a biocultural framing of race around ancestry. By examining ancestry through two related lenses, genealogical and genetic, it is shown that the coherence of race as a biological concept has been disrupted by demographic changes in our recent evolutionary past. The biological construction of race is invalid not because it is impossible but because evolutionary forces have actively worked against such patterns in our evolutionary past.

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Grebenik, E. "On Population Studies: Its Origins and Outlook." Population and Development Review 23, no. 3 (September 1997): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137574.

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Bell, Timothy J., Marlin L. Bowles, Lawrence W. Zettler, Catherine A. Pollack, and James E. Ibberson. "Environmental and Management Effects on Demographic Processes in the U.S. Threatened Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae)." Plants 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071308.

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Populations of the U.S. threatened orchid, Platanthera leucophaea, are restricted to fragmented grassland and wetland habitats. We address the long-term (1998–2020) interactive effects of habitat (upland prairie vs. wetland), fire management (burned vs. unburned) and climatic variation, as well as pollination crossing effects, on population demography in 42 populations. Our analysis revealed the consistent interactive effects of habitat, dormant season burning, and climatic variation on flowering, reproduction, and survival. Burning increased flowering and population size under normal or greater than normal precipitation but may have a negative effect during drought years apparently if soil moisture stress reduces flowering and increases mortality. Trends in the number of flowering plants in populations also correspond to precipitation cycles. As with flowering and fecundity, survival is significantly affected by the interactive effects of habitat, fire, and climate. This study supports previous studies finding that P. leucophaea relies on a facultative outcrossing breeding system. Demographic modeling indicated that fire, normal precipitation, and outcrossing yielded greater population growth, and that greater fire frequency increased population persistence. It also revealed an ecologically driven demographic switch, with wetlands more dependent upon survivorship than fecundity, and uplands more dependent on fecundity than survivorship. Our results facilitate an understanding of environmental and management effects on the population demography of P. leucophaea in the prairie region of its distribution. Parallel studies are needed in the other habitats such as wetlands, especially in the eastern part of the range of the species, to provide a more complete picture.

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Swanson, David A. "Applied Demography In Action: A Case Study of “Population Identification.”." Canadian Studies in Population 35, no. 1 (December 31, 2008): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p65d0p.

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This case study deals with a problem quite different than the typical one facing most applied demographers. It involves the identification of a “population” using a set of criteria established by a regulatory agency. Specifically, criteria established by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission for purposes of Site Characterization of the High Level Nuclear Waste Repository proposed for Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Consistent with other recent studies, this one suggests that a wide range of skills may be needed in dealing with problems posed to applied demographers by clients and users in the 21st century. As such, budding applied demographers, especially those nearing completion of their graduate studies, should consider adopting a set of skills beyond traditional demography.

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Guimarães, Murilo, Decio T. Correa, Marília Palumbo Gaiarsa, and Marc Kéry. "Full-annual demography and seasonal cycles in a resident vertebrate." PeerJ 8 (February 25, 2020): e8658. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8658.

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Wildlife demography is typically studied at a single point in time within a year when species, often during the reproductive season, are more active and therefore easier to find. However, this provides only a low-resolution glimpse into demographic temporal patterns over time and may hamper a more complete understanding of the population dynamics of a species over the full annual cycle. The full annual cycle is often influenced by environmental seasonality, which induces a cyclic behavior in many species. However, cycles have rarely been explicitly included in models for demographic parameters, and most information on full annual cycle demography is restricted to migratory species. Here we used a high-resolution capture-recapture study of a resident tropical lizard to assess the full intra-annual demography and within-year periodicity in survival, temporary emigration and recapture probabilities. We found important variation over the annual cycle and up to 92% of the total monthly variation explained by cycles. Fine-scale demographic studies and assessments on the importance of cycles within parameters may be a powerful way to achieve a better understanding of population persistence over time.

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Woolfenden, Bonnie E., H. Lisle Gibbs, and Spencer G. Sealy. "Demography of Brown-Headed Cowbirds at Delta Marsh, Manitoba." Auk 118, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.1.156.

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Abstract Available estimates of demographic parameters for Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) vary geographically. However, few estimates are based on long-term studies of marked individuals. We conducted a mark–recapture study on the population of cowbirds at Delta Marsh, Manitoba during the 1993–1998 breeding seasons. We estimated annual survival, breeding site fidelity, and sex ratio, and compared those parameter estimates to other populations of Brown-headed Cowbirds. The Delta Marsh population had higher adult survival (male 90.1%; female 69.6%) and breeding site fidelity (males 66.9%, female 59.5%) than reported for other populations, and the sex ratio was significantly different from unity (1.9 males:1 female). We suggest that differences in survival and breeding-site fidelity between the Delta Marsh population and others may be due to differences in methods used to calculate parameter estimates. In contrast, variation in sex ratios is likely real and due to differences in the local ecological conditions. In our population, high survivorship and breeding-site fidelity may lead to low recruitment of new birds into the resident population and intense competition for limited breeding opportunities. The highly male biased sex ratio may result in strong sexual-selection pressure on males competing for the limited breeding opportunities. Those circumstances have implications for the social behavior and mating system of cowbirds.

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Halpern-Manners, Andrew, and John Robert Warren. "Panel Conditioning in Longitudinal Studies: Evidence From Labor Force Items in the Current Population Survey." Demography 49, no. 4 (August 15, 2012): 1499–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-012-0124-x.

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F., Ph, and Patrick Gubry. "Bibliographie générale des études de population au Cameroun (arrêtée au 31 mars 1984): General Bibliography of Population Studies in Cameroon (As at 31st March 1984)." Population (French Edition) 41, no. 2 (March 1986): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1533073.

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Devedzic, Mirjana. "Crossroads of demography." Stanovnistvo 51, no. 2 (2013): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1302023d.

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This paper is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Stanovnistvo (Population) journal, launched by the Center for demographic research in Belgrade in 1963. The anniversary is an opportunity to reflect on developments and trends in demography as a discipline, thus the paper points out certain specifics of these developments. The specifics discussed mirror the author's choice, which was guided primarily by the criterion of interestingness, but also by the intention to make a survey. Hence points about the development of demography are backed by insights made by a number of other demographers. The major source of references were papers and speeches given on similar occasions - anniversaries of journals, anniversaries of associations of demographers, as well as special issues of journals dedicated to theory and methodology. Certain points are also made based on other sources of reference. The major part of the paper is related to transformations of demography, which has started as a predominantly formal discipline and has developed into a social and interdisciplinary field. Topical and methodological expansion of demography induces mixed reactions among demographers. Ones welcome its diversification, whereas others see such changes as signs of abandoning the essence of demography. This makes it harder and harder to define the area of demographic research. Changes in demography are mostly studied from the standpoint of polarized dimensions: quantitative-qualitative, macro-micro, and, in the context of diversification, formal demography vs. population studies. Another important segment of development trends in demography is that of improving its vocabulary, which is affected by other fields related to demography. Terminological changes are also related to the specification of certain branches and subfields of demography. For instance, anthropological and spatial demography have roots in earlier development phases of demography. Still, these terms have become popular at a later stage, only when the methodological and cognitive capacities of the corresponding research approaches have increased. The paper also indicates that demographers do not find new inspiration only outside of the core demographic problems. As an example, man fertility is briefly discussed as an increasingly popular topic in literature during the last decade. Finally, attractive presentation of demographic content is found to be very important for visibility and applicability of demography, which is illustrated by interpreting some of the most frequently videos related to demography on YouTube. The paper concludes that different paths that open during the development of demography are not incompatible, that they represent demographers' diverse choices, and that they all contribute to strengthening the field.

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Milovanovic, Milos. "В поисках большинства: демографическая эволюция мусульманской политической идентичности в Боснии и Герцеговине." Islamology 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24848/islmlg.10.2.05.

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The study discusses the relationships between demography and the development of Muslim political identity in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The main question that this paper aims to answer is: To what extent have the demographic components of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s population (both natural and spatial movement) framed the unique political identity of the Muslim/Bosniak population in relation to Orthodox/Serbs and Catholics/Croats.The paper seeks to examine the concept of population numbers as an object of political competition, including how patterns of demographic behavior vary between religious groups and further impact political identity. Thus, the article perceives the population census as an object of political struggle.Hence, by using the final results of the censuses, the study clarifiesthe significance of population numbers in the construction ofthe identity politics of Muslims in B&H. Furthermore, the paperargues for the significance of population statistics in constructingof the political identity of religious groups in a multi-ethnic society, emphasizing that demography holds important clues to the pattern of political behavior, and that specific forms of demographic variations are correlated with distinguished political agendas. Additionally, the study traces the political life and rise of the first president of independent Bosnia—Alija Izetbegović—as an embodiment of Muslims’ political identity.Arguing that demography is an important component of the development of political identity, the paper expects to stimulate interest from other scientific fields as it adds to our understanding of relationships between demography, religion, and politics. Finally, the study intends to open a supplementary research agenda focusing on the effects of demography on politics, beyond those explored within the limits of political studies.

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DellaPergola, Sergio. "Was it the demography?: A reassessment of U.S. Jewish population estimates, 1945–2001." Contemporary Jewry 25, no. 1 (December 2005): 85–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02965421.

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Domański, Czesław. "Egon Vielrose (1907–1984) – Demographer, Statistician, Econometrician." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 1, no. 340 (April 4, 2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.340.07.

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Egon Vielrose was an outstanding Polish demographer, statistician and econometrician. He studied mathematics at Warsaw University and economics at the Higher School of Trade and then he qualified as an assistant professor at Warsaw University. His research interests focused on problems of demography, mathematical statistics, econometrics and socio‑economic statistics. An important place in the work of Egon Vielrose is occupied by studies in historic demography, concerning mostly the natural movement which is a decisive factor in population development. The scientific output of Egon Vielrose encompasses over 200 works including 6 books and over 130 papers.

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Goose, Nigel. "Urban demography in pre-industrial England: what is to be done?" Urban History 21, no. 2 (October 1994): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800011068.

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For over thirty years demography has featured prominently on the urban history agenda. As long ago as 1963, in an article subtitled ‘On broadening the relevance and scope of urban history’, Eric Lampard emphasized that ‘An autonomous social history ought to begin with a study of population: its changing distribution in time and space’. In 1968 Leo Schnore suggested concentration upon ‘the demographic and ecological aspects of urban life’, according demography the number one priority. Leading British urban historians and historical geographers repeated such injunctions in the 1970s, emphasizing how little was known about even the most basic aspects of pre-industrial urban populations and how far British researchers lagged behind their continental colleagues in the field of urban demography. Unfortunately the response of the last generation of researchers to these precepts has been decidedly muted, and pre-industrial urban demography in England remains in its infancy.

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Elizarov, Valery V. "The 75th anniversary of Russia’s pro-natalist policy and other memorable dates. Demographic calendar 2019." Population and Economics 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.3.e49761.

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The demographic calendar presents documents, publications, studies, conferences and other events, which are important for demographic history and whose round dates were in 2019. Referring to history is important for understanding how the modern knowledge about population has been developing. Information about essential documents in the field of population and family policy, population censuses and demographic statistics are presented. Information on anniversaries and brief biographical data on both living and deceased demographers, statisticians, mathematicians, sociologists, geographers and other colleagues from areas adjacent to demography is presented in the paper.

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Relinque-Medina, Fernando, Manuela Ángela Fernández-Borrero, and Octavio Vázquez-Aguado. "Elections and Segregation of the Foreign Population in Andalusia." Migraciones. Publicación del Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones, no. 51 (May 7, 2021): 269–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/mig.i51y2021.010.

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The reality of migration is a global challenge to today’s societies, posing social, economic and political challenges. In recent years, a politicisation of these issues is being observed, leading to “anti-immigrant” political discourses and the defence of ethnocentric and assimilationist values. This has led to an increase in support for populist radical right political formations, which was reflected in Spain in the last elections with the irruption of VOX in April 2019, increasing their support in November 2019. Faced with this situation, the media, networks and social researchers have linked the presence of the foreign population with this fact, studying the population dynamics and segregation in their influence on the vote for right-wing parties. This paper aims to understand this type of relationship in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia, doing so from a municipal territorial approach and broken down by census tracts.

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Hoem, Jan M. "H. Engelhardt, H.-P. Kohler, and A. Prskawetz (eds), Causal Analysis in Population Studies: Concepts, Methods, Applications." European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie 26, no. 4 (October 20, 2010): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10680-010-9218-6.

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Gonser, Rusty, Peter Donnelly, George Nicholson, and Anna Di Rienzo. "Microsatellite Mutations and Inferences About Human Demography." Genetics 154, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1793–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.4.1793.

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Abstract Microsatellites have been widely used as tools for population studies. However, inference about population processes relies on the specification of mutation parameters that are largely unknown and likely to differ across loci. Here, we use data on somatic mutations to investigate the mutation process at 14 tetranucleotide repeats and carry out an advanced multilocus analysis of different demographic scenarios on worldwide population samples. We use a method based on less restrictive assumptions about the mutation process, which is more powerful to detect departures from the null hypothesis of constant population size than other methods previously applied to similar data sets. We detect a signal of population expansion in all samples examined, except for one African sample. As part of this analysis, we identify an “anomalous” locus whose extreme pattern of variation cannot be explained by variability in mutation size. Exaggerated mutation rate is proposed as a possible cause for its unusual variation pattern. We evaluate the effect of using it to infer population histories and show that inferences about demographic histories are markedly affected by its inclusion. In fact, exclusion of the anomalous locus reduces interlocus variability of statistics summarizing population variation and strengthens the evidence in favor of demographic growth.

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Hill, J. Brett, Jeffery J. Clark, William H. Doelle, and Patrick D. Lyons. "Prehistoric Demography in the Southwest: Migration, Coalescence, and Hohokam Population Decline." American Antiquity 69, no. 4 (October 2004): 689–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128444.

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One of the most prominent but least understood demographic phenomena in the precontact Southwest is the disappearance of the Hohokam from the valleys of southern Arizona. Despite extensive research, no widely accepted explanation has been offered. We argue that the failure to identify a satisfactory cause is due to excessive focus on catastrophic phenomena and terminal occupations, and a lack of attention to gradual demographic processes. Based on a combination of macro-regional population studies and local research in the lower San Pedro River valley, we present an explanation for gradual population decline precipitated by social and economic coalescence beginning in the late A.D. 1200s. In the southern Southwest an influx of immigrants from the north led to a shift from a dispersed, extensive settlement/subsistence strategy to increased conflict, aggregation, and economic intensification. This shift resulted in diminished health and transformation from population growth to decline. Over approximately 150 years gradual population decline resulted in small remnant groups unable to maintain viable communities. Small, terminal populations were ultimately unable to continue identifiable Hohokam cultural traditions and consequently disappeared from the archaeological record of southern Arizona, either through migration or a shift in lifestyle that rendered them archaeologically invisible.

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Boothman, Lyn, and Mike Kipling. "Conference Report: Population and Transport. Local Population Studies Society Autumn Conference 2017." Local Population Studies, no. 100 (June 30, 2018): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps100.2018.6.

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Kellogg, Susan. "Households in Late Prehispanic and Early Colonial Mexico City: Their Structure and Its Implications for the Study of Historical Demography." Americas 44, no. 4 (April 1988): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006971.

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Historical demography—the study of the growth, decline, and movement of past populations—has played a critical role in efforts to reconstruct the historical experiences of native peoples during New World colonization. The subject of historical demography has been of interest because it is closely connected to a wide range of still significant issues, including the nature of prehispanic Indian societies, the brutality of conquest, and the degree of disruption wrought by colonization. Nonetheless, scholars have yet to calculate a measurement of the precolonial New World population that meets with general acceptance.

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Hermalin, Albert I. "Fertility and Family Planning Among the Elderly in Taiwan, or Integrating the Demography of Aging into Population Studies." Demography 30, no. 4 (November 1993): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2061802.

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Pettett, Carly, David W. Macdonald, Afra Al-Hajiri, Hayat Al-Jabiry, and Nobuyuki Yamaguchi. "Characteristics and Demography of a Free-Ranging Ethiopian Hedgehog, Paraechinus aethiopicus, Population in Qatar." Animals 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10060951.

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Information on population characteristics of Paraechinusis is valuable for ensuring long term survival of populations, however, studies are currently lacking. Here we investigate the population dynamics of Ethiopian hedgehogs based on a capture-mark-recapture study in Qatar by fitting Jolly-Seber and Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Over the 19 months of the study, we estimate a mean population of 60 hedgehogs, giving a density of 7 hedgehogs per km2 in our 8.5 km2 search area. The monthly abundance of hedgehogs decreased over the study and although survival was constant over the study period, with a mean monthly rate of 75%, there was a decline in the number of new entrants over time. We also studied these parameters over one year, excluding winter, and found that monthly estimates of juvenile and subadult survival decreased over time. We surmise that survival of juveniles may be a factor in the decrease in abundance and there may be implications for the persistence of this population, with anthropogenic influenced resources playing an important role. We caught between 91.3% and 100% of the estimated population at this site, indicating that our capture methodology was efficient. We conclude that the methodology used here is transferrable to other hedgehog species.

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Ittmann, Karl. "Demography as Policy Science in the British Empire, 1918–1969." Journal of Policy History 15, no. 4 (October 2003): 417–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2003.0024.

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In 1944, Robert Kuczynski, a demographer working with the Colonial Office, wrote a memo discussing plans for a postwar census of the British Empire. He called for the creation of a Colonial Demographic Service, arguing that Colonial Office programs “offer no guarantee of a decisive improvement unless there is an expert on the spot to make an effective use of these means.” Kuczynski's firm belief in the need for expert knowledge matched the growing willingness of the Colonial Office to call upon experts in a variety of fields to assist in the reshaping of colonial government. This article examines why demography came to be seen as useful for colonial governance in the interwar years and how officials attempted to make use of demographers and demographic information in the final years of the British Empire. At present, this topic falls between several existing literatures. Works by Richard Soloway, Daniel Kelves, and others document the domestic history of demography in Great Britain, particularly its involvement in debates over hereditarian views of population. At the international level, most recent studies deal with the United States and trace the origins of American support for programs of population control after 1945. Still another body of literature chronicles the unique nature of policy formation in Britain and its relationship with social science in the twentieth century. This article seeks to connect these literatures by focusing on the colonial and international role of British demography from the end of World War I to the postcolonial era of the 1960s.

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Kravchenko, Ye. "THE CONCEPT OF DEMOGRAPHIC LOSSES IN THE HOLODOMOR STUDIES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 144 (2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.144.6.

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The main purpose of the article is to analyze the use of the term «demographic losses» in the study of the destructive events consequences for the population number and structure, in particular, the Holodomor of 1932 – 1933. Research methods: comparative, logical, historical, analysis and synthesis, systematic, historical-genetic, method of historiographical image. The paper studies leading concepts of demographic terminology. It is specially noted on little-known aspects of Ukrainian terminology legacy as like Yuriy Shevelov researches. The problems of modern Ukrainian and world terminology are described. The article reports on methodological toolkit for the creation of terms by domestic and foreign demographics. Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine has been recognized as the leading scientific center for the demographic terms creation. Special demographic terminology, including functioning and purpose of the «demographic losses» concept is considered. The article is concerned with a significant tradition of the population history. The meaning of the «demographic losses» concept for studying past social disasters is investigated. The author outlines the main components of the term: the death rate and birth deficiency. The article reveals this concept and scrutinize it critique in historiography. The semantics of the term in scientific literature and demographic dictionaries is covered. Special attention is given to replace the notion of demographic losses with similar indefinite terms: victims, deaths, deaths, etc. The use of the term in the study of the demographic history of Ukraine during the Holodomor of 1932-1933 is emphasized. Practical significance: recommended for use by authors of articles about the population history.

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Rasevic, Mirjana. "Serbian demographers on demography." Stanovnistvo 51, no. 2 (2013): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1302039r.

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Introduction: The objective of this paper is to collect the opinions of the leading demographers in Serbia on four significant matters. The matters are: development, state and future of demography, the successfulness of researchers in this scientific discipline, improvement of the Stanovnistvo journal, as well as the population priority of our society and range of population policies. Method: A qualitative interview was chosen as the instrument for data collection. Namely, a structured interview, based on nine questions was sent by e-mail to eleven addresses of relevant demographers in the second half of October 2013. The basic reason for sending questions by e-mail was the aspiration to obtain authentic replies which require time for contemplation. Ten completed questionnaires were returned within two weeks. On the one hand, an integral picture on the chosen themes for research was attempted to be obtained in the analysis of received opinions to certain groups of questions and on the other hand to portray the spectrum of different observations. The responses of our prominent demographers were analyzed and compared to clearly pronounced standpoints of eminent demographers published in world journals on similar themes and with findings of internet researches among members of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population. Results: The results show that there is a high level of consent among demographers in Serbia regarding the well positioning of demography in relation to other social studies and its good perspectives. The interviewed experts see the future of demography in its integration with a wide circle of sciences, the application of demography and/or greater engagement of researchers in carrying out public policies. However, the estimations of the interviewed demographers as regards the development and state of demography in Serbia are divided. Although a large number of topics had been listed, migrations and population ageing were singled out the most as significant for examining in the immediate future. The inclusion of Stanovnistvo on the Science Citation Information Journal List and expanding the circle of authors were the basic recommendations of the respondents regarding better quality of the journal. All interviewed experts mentioned various kinds of knowledge and characteristics necessary for demographers to posses in order to be successful. Contrary to the homogeneous opinion that a demographer should be a superior-researcher, a wide range of responses were given to the question regarding selecting the best indicator for determining the successfulness of researchers in the study of population. As many as eight out of ten interviewed experts believe population ageing is the greatest population challenge which Serbia is facing. However, a low level of consensus appeared among the demographers as regards the range of the political response. Namely, five experts declared they were pessimists in view of the possibilities for mitigating the challenge they singled out. On the contrary, five interviewed experts expressed optimism, as they believe in the economic development of Serbia, the possibilities of institutional adjustments to demographic changes, and/or in man and his rationality. Conclusion: Demographers in Serbia highly appreciate the discipline they belong to. At the same time they are strict critics and have high expectations in all matters dealing with demography.

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KOMP, KATHRIN, and STINA JOHANSSON. "Population ageing in a lifecourse perspective: developing a conceptual framework." Ageing and Society 36, no. 9 (July 20, 2015): 1937–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15000756.

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ABSTRACTPopulation ageing is a global trend that affects individual life plans, family arrangements, market structures, care provisions and pension schemes. We combine insights from demography and lifecourse research to understand better the causes of population ageing. Demography explains population ageing by describing changes in fertility, mortality and migration rates. Lifecourse research argues that these rates are interconnected because they are embedded in the lifecourses of individuals. An individual's experiences at an early age can influence behaviours at a later age, thereby creating continuity throughout the lifecourse. Additionally, lifecourse research underlines that social networks – such as families – and countries influence lifecourse. Thus, historical events and past experiences have already set the course for today's demographic changes. Moreover, the effects of policies that strive to influence population ageing will not be evident for years or even decades to come. This paper introduces a conceptual framework that explains how the lifecourse perspective can be applied to the phenomenon of population ageing and illustrates the framework through a case study of Germany. The case study highlights that insights from the micro-, meso- and macro-levels need to be combined to achieve a deeper understanding of population ageing. Scholars can use the framework presented in this paper as a guideline for merging arguments from demography and lifecourse research in future studies.

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Kamel, Amir Magdy. "Arab Political Demography: Population Growth, Labor Migration and Natalist Policies." Middle Eastern Studies 55, no. 6 (June 27, 2019): 1052–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2019.1623789.

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Jones, Owen R., Michael J. Crawley, Jill G. Pilkington, and Josephine M. Pemberton. "Predictors of early survival in Soay sheep: cohort-, maternal- and individual-level variation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1581 (October 4, 2005): 2619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3267.

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A demographic understanding of population dynamics requires an appreciation of the processes influencing survival—a demographic rate influenced by parameters varying at the individual, maternal and cohort level. There have been few attempts to partition the variance in demography contributed by each of these parameter types. Here, we use data from a feral population of Soay sheep ( Ovis aries ), from the island of St Kilda, to explore the relative importance of these parameter types on early survival. We demonstrate that the importance of variation occurring at the level of the individual, and maternally, far outweighs that occurring at the cohort level. The most important variables within the individual and maternal levels were birth weight and maternal age class, respectively. This work underlines the importance of using individual based models in ecological demography and we, therefore, caution against studies that focus solely on population processes.

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Aastrup, Peter, and Anders Mosbech. "Population demography of the muskoxen in Jameson Land, 1982-1990." Rangifer 20, no. 2-3 (March 1, 2000): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.20.4.1518.

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Studies of the Jameson Land muskox population in Northeast Greenland were conducted 1982-1990 in conjunction with an oil exploration. A population monitoring program consisted of one yearly aerial survey in late winter and a ground survey for population composition in August. The estimated unadjusted minimum average population size was approximately 4000 with a maximum size of 4700 and a minimum of 2800 muskoxen. The monitoring program was adequate to detect an annual change of about 10%. Population composition data proved to be essential. The only indication of a negative impact from oil exploration was detected in the fraction of yearlings. The average calf proportion was roughly 18% and about half of the calves died during their first year. The population density and composition was similar to the Banks Island muskox population in Canada and to the West Greenland population although the latter population had a higher productivity. Seismic operations and/or climatic conditions may have had a negative impact on the calf survival during 1986-1989, when fractions of yearlings were significantly lower than before and after the exploration.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Demography. Population studies'

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