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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Demolition'
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1
Murray, Rachel Louise. "Construction and demolition waste in Western Australia: A case study on best practice demolition." Thesis, Murray, Rachel Louise (2019) Construction and demolition waste in Western Australia: A case study on best practice demolition. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52465/.
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The C&D waste sector is the only sector in which waste generation has increased in Australia, and most recent data shows WA diversion of C&D waste from landfill to be 57% [1, 2]. This is low compared to countries such as Japan and the Netherlands which achieve diversion rates of 97% and 95% respectively. In addition to this, the extraction and production of raw construction materials can result in large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions which are harmful to the environment. The reuse and recycle of C&D materials can help to alleviate both problems and as such WA’s transition towards a circular economy is of high importance to the current waste industry.
The aim of this study is to identify barriers and opportunities which contribute to a higher rate of reuse, recycle and recovery in best practice demolition, and the transition towards a circular economy in the C&D sector of WA. The Hamilton Senior High School (HSHS) demolition was chosen as a case study due to the use of best practice demolition techniques, including onsite crushing activity and direct recycle/reuse. The four objectives achieved under this study include:
1. Gain an understanding of current issues or innovations within the C&D waste sector;
2. Identify the waste contribution of the HSHS demolition to the WA waste stream and stockpiling, and if this could be further improved;
3. Determine the environmental impacts/savings of conducting a demolition and potential construction using WA best practice;
4. Determine the economic viability of conducting best practice demolition in WA
The methods chosen to achieve these objectives were industry surveys, total waste quantification at the HSHS site, environmental impact assessment via carbon footprint, economic assessment via cost benefit analysis, and a comparison to a business as usual and worst case scenario.
Successful achievement of the objectives identified a significant problem with illegal disposal practices occurring to avoid landfill levy payments. Lack of regulation, voluntary reporting, lack of economic incentive (including market for products) and ineffective landfill levy application to regional areas were also identified to be barriers to higher recycle and reuse. Results also displayed the environmental and economic benefits of this demolition. Best practice techniques resulted in the highest net GHG abatement (327 tCO2e), low contribution to the C&D waste/stockpiling streams (10200 t, or 92.7% recycled material), and cost savings generated by lower raw material use, transport and waste fees (saving approximately $252,000). The HSHS demolition was however, the most expensive scenario, with approximately $1,900,000 comparable costs.
Further research could be conducted on the application of higher direct reuse and possibly design for deconstruction to improve material circularity. It is recommended that regulation surrounding the landfill levy should be put in place to discourage illegal practices. In addition, economic incentive could be provided in the form of lower labour taxes, and higher raw materials tax to encourage best practice demolition techniques.
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Cetin, Betul. "Design Of A Demolition Boom." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608797/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
DESIGN OF A DEMOLITION BOOM
Çetin, Betü
l M.S, Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Eres SÖ
YLEMEZ August 2007, 96 pages Excavators are used for many purposes. Some of these are digging, drilling, breaking and demolition. A demolition excavator boom consists of 3-piece boom which is different in form and construction from a 2-piece boom used in standard excavator. The aim of this thesis is to design a demolition boom for hydraulic excavator with operation weight of 30 ton. With this construction a higher reach is gained. Design of the demolition boom consists of three stages. Firstly the mechanism design is performed to determine the basic link dimensions. In the second step the structural shape of the boom is estimated to perform static stress analysis. The EXCEL program is chosen due to the ease of repetative calculations and applying the changes in structure parameters. The demolition boom is modeled by PRO-ENGINEER, and consequently the model is analyzed by using a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in MSC.Marc-Mentat. According to the FEA results the model is revised. Keywords: Demolition Excavator, Mechanism Design, Structural design
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Quarmby, Terence. "Safe, healthy and sustainable demolition." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9029.
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The £198M demolition industry sector is part of the construction industry, worth approximately £2.2bn in the UK p.a albeit such a small fraction it is nevertheless the largest provider of secondary building products, handles 32 million tonnes (approximately) of waste each year and is principally responsible for clearing brownfield sites in readiness for new build. Sustainable demolition activities are at the forefront of the UK Government and many NGO s policies on waste reduction, increased recycling and reclamation of waste building products at the end of life cycle. However, there are problems in developing more sustainable demolition processes based on historical methods of working, in particular, those involving manual handling activities. Whilst the UK construction industry boasts reduced accident and incident rates the demolition sectors rates are in the ascendency, rising by 43% overall from 1996 to 2009. That said, it would appear that those working within the sector are unaware of the rise in accidents which has steadily increased by 100% since 2000. Despite the demolition sector s increased use of mechanical applications for structural demolition, the prolonged and prolific method of stripping out buildings by hand remains a major risk and causal factor for injuries. The results of this research have identified the causation of such an increase in accident occurrence and has offered an insight into how the reduction of accident and incident may be accomplished. This research is unique in that practising exponents of the demolition sector have participated in providing exclusive evidence of methodology, accident reporting and waste handling protocols that give clear indications of a gulf in current thinking by government, NGO s and the enforcing authorities. The research has also identified failings in product and building design that create unsustainable conditions for safe, efficient and cost effective demolition, dismantling and handling of materials at end of life. This realisation also opens up the debate on the role of designers and their contribution to a safe and sustainable demolition process.
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Abdullah, Arham. "Intelligent selection of demolition techniques." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12231.
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There is a need to improve the current demolition techniques selection process that involves a multicriteria decision making problems because the decision performed by demolition engineers were based on their knowledge and experience without any systematic procedure that can be followed to support the decision process. There is also a need to capture the expert's knowledge since significant proportion of senior, experienced demolition engineers are close to retirement, and unless their knowledge is captured in some form, it would be lost. Concerning to these needs, the research aim is to develop an intelligent decision support system that incorporated the demolition expert's knowledge in selecting the most appropriate demolition techniques for a given structure. Various research methodologies were adopted to achieve the aim. Literature on demolition industry was first reviewed. Knowledge acquisition approaches were used to capture the demolition expert knowledge, which included an industry survey through postal questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and protocol analysis. The rapid prototyping methodology was used in developing the prototype system. The proposed intelligent decision support system is called 'Demolition Techniques Selection System' (DTSS). The prototype system consists of two stages. The first stage will assist the decision maker to select the most appropriate demolition techniques in term of technical aspects by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. The second stage allows the decision maker to assess the demolition techniques in terms of cost by using the Demolition Cost Estimation model. The prototype was evaluated during and after the development process to verify, validates, and improves it. The evaluation revealed that the prototype system demonstrated many benefits and applicable for use in the industry. It is concluded that the prototype provides a clear, systematic and structured framework that improved the current demolition techniques selection process. It also serves as an information source that contains a considerable amount of information on demolition techniques. It can act as a teaching aid for young professionals coming into the demolition industry by giving them a basic information and understanding of demolition. Demolition contractors can use the system as a marketing aid to impress potential clients to win a project because of its ability to give rational and structured decisions with the capability of generating graphical reports and sensitivity analysis.
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Muskopf, Christopher Jon Dalton 1975. "The generative powers of demolition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30219.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.Includes bibliographical references.
When examining the factory within the urban fabric, especially those cases that are abandoned and considered obsolete, it may be possible to see the first generative act as one of un-building. Considering demolition as an activity of design, this thesis explores the potential of the often-overlooked violence needed to make architecture. A selective type of demolition called raizing would provide careful and responsible ways of removing a building or parts of a building while accounting for its historical, sociological and constructive significance. The process would prepare the site through various scales of time, material and landscape for a new use. The project uses as a case study the McGraw Glass plant, a 1936 Albert Kahn design. The plant was closed at the end of 2003 leaving a 40-acre site in Southwestern Detroit open to various futures. As a site and a building, it requires attention both to constructive details but also to the larger urban, social and ecological landscapes that surround it. Employing razing as the first step in the transformation of the site, The thesis proposes a phased series of interventions to promote remediation not only as an ecological solution but also as structured means of changing the perceptions and experiences of a place. The equally important goal is to make the process visible and valuable to stakeholders whether they are neighbors, former employees, tourists or the public at large.
by Christopher Jon Dalton Muskopf.
M.Arch.
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Josephson, Anna M. (Anna McKinney). "Demolition in American city planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59749.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-65).
Demolition is deeply embedded in urban systems. It has been explained as both the inevitable churn of the built environment and as a grand gesture of human control of the urban organism. This thesis examines the three main arguments for demolition: social reform, modernization, and non-conformity. Through the lens of each, it looks at the history of American demolition and points out the flawed reasoning that justifies demolition today. It focuses especially on the history of Boston, Massachusetts. It proposes that demolition does not serve a legitimate function in city planning, and offers a new rubric for decision-making around demolition.
by Anna M. Josephson.
M.C.P.
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Hin, Tung Ian. "Construction and demolition waste in Western Australia: Application of existing methods to measure demolition waste." Thesis, Hin Tung, Ian (2020) Construction and demolition waste in Western Australia: Application of existing methods to measure demolition waste. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/59315/.
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In Australia, the construction and demolition industry contribute up to half the majority of the total waste generated. Western Australia is not only one of the largest construction and demolition (C&D) waste producer, but also one of the worst in term of recycling rate. One of the main barriers for a proper waste management plan is the lack of data quality for waste measurement. This unique study aims to compare three measurement methods from research paper with two unique sets of data. From literature reviews, the different techniques were never applied in the same case. This project also compares the different scenario to show the economic potential of source separation and sending the waste to a recovery centre. A comparison was made with Reunion Island where similar problems related to C&D are present. Different solutions are proposed to solve those problems and to reach a Circular Economy system. It will analyse the data to perform the calculation were collected from the demolition of a high school in Hamilton Hill and Councils for the third method. The direct measurement using a map to calculate the mass of waste produced by the walls made of asphalts have a percentage of error at only 0.75%. The second method using the trucks and the density of the materials for the mass calculation had only a 4.16% percentage error. The third measurement aimed to calculate the mass of demolition over the years, according to demolition permit could not be performed due to the lack of data available. Direct measurement was found to be the calculation which has the highest potential to be accurate, but it will require much more time to collect all the measurements. The scenario for the economic comparison shown a source separation to send clean waste to resource recovery centre allowed a saving up to 80% from the price of a landfill. The creation of a coefficient of expansion seems to be a potential project to improve the quality for volumetric calculation of waste in Western Australia.
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Mikou, Ariadni. "Choreographing events : demolition, trace and encounter." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2018. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/Choreographing-events(2cf1cceb-b37b-4578-b5b2-27e6e3de589c).html.
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Every generation is challenged by the question of what to preserve, what to alter and what to let disappear and die. In this journey, demolition becomes a critical moment, eliminating built architecture as an erect material object. Focusing on demolition as a phenomenon that resists the passing of time through destruction, my research explores demolition as a concept that has something to offer the present. In Choreographing Events, demolition, as a process of transformation, becomes an artistic method; a choreographic strategy with multiple expressions. This practice-as-research enquiry (Haseman, 2006; Nelson, 2013; Rendell, 2004) aims to explore the space that lies between the disciplines of dance, choreography, architecture and the screen. In the in-between space (Grosz, 2001) of the aforementioned disciplines, I perform a series of demolitions as transgressions (Jenks 2013) which take the form of dance-architectures (hybrids between dance and architecture),choreographic diagrams (visual tools emerging from the intersection of architectural diagrams and dance scores), unstable archives (spatio-corporeal ‘documents’), choreographic environments and events (spatial conditions for corporeal and performance-based interactions). Through these inter-disciplinary encounters, demolition appears as a dynamic process that allows movement in the liminal space between stability and mobility, trace and disappearance and permanence and ephemerality. Informed by Bernard Tschumi’s thinking, I draw connections between event-spaces (1996) and the work of choreography to un-do, and thus demolish, fixed perceptions of space. Event-spaces as a triangulation of movement, space and action are applied in the performing space of the theatre -architecture (specifically the Black Box Theatre) and have been expanded in the tracing as writing (choreo-graphing and cinemato-graphing) of architecture as an event-based, and thus spatio-corporeal, and archival practice. Two practice-as-research projects, Choreo graphic Process Architecturally Devised (2015) and Anarchitextures (2016) offer a critique of the traditional forms of dance-making inside theatrical places, proposing an expanded choreographic practice that questions the theatrical apparatus while revealing the performativity of space. This research is relevant to dance artists and architects interested in space-making practices, re-theatricalisations, site-interventions and embodied ways of activating and archiving architecture.
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Aissa, Khaled Omer Salem. "Recycling of Construction and Demolition Wastes (CDW)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Due to urban expansion and what it results as construction and demolition waste specially in the big cities we had to deal with this wastes and put it in the right process to take advantage of them once again as a row materials.
This study aim to clarify the recycling methods of the construction and demolition wastes and also discuss the environmental and economic influence by presenting several studies in different countries shows the quantities of their wastes and its recycled percentage. As well as we discussed the challenges that can be faced during the waste recycling process
specially if that was done in a densely settled cities where necessary to take into account the possible problems that can happen within the demolition stage and during the transportation of the wastes from the demolition site to the treatment facility. Also it has been explained which is the perfect paths that can be followed to gain the highest recycled percentage and how it is possible to have the maximum benefit of the materials produced from that process.
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Fox, Dominic St John. "Knowledge-based systems for the demolition industry." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261554.
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Ferlander, Matilda, and Wedin Ellinor. "Reuse in Demolition Projects : A Systematic Multicriteria Approach to Rank andOptimize the Reuse of Building Components in Demolition Projects." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298262.
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The waste framework directive from the European Commission states that 70 percent of allconstruction- and demolition waste (CDW) should be reused or recycled. In Sweden during theyear of 2018, 52,1 percent of the generated CDW was reused or recycled, but a report fromAvfall Sverige showed that reuse only accounted for small fractions of this. According to theEU's waste hierarchy, waste reduction followed by reuse are the most desirable ways to handlewaste. Research for how to reuse CDW is therefore considered an interesting and relevant topicfor research to help achieve the goal of the waste framework directive. The purpose of this master thesis was to further develop a Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA)model which was applied on different building components to evaluate how well suited theywere for reuse considering; (1) financial return, (2) environmental impact, (3) energyconsumption and (4) external aspects. The study was performed as a case study and the appliedmethods within the case study were interviews, a survey as well as the MCA model. To estimateaspects one to three of the MCA model, the theoretical framework consisted of a Cost BenefitAnalysis (CBA) and a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) in accordance with the European standardEN15978. The fourth aspect was evaluated with help of a survey to assess qualitativedimensions of reuse. The study concluded that there are many challenges related to reuse in demolition projects.Some major challenges identified were the limited time frames, absence of competence andexperience among actors as well as logistical challenges. According to the results from theMCA model, there is a difference in how well suited the studied components were for reuse.The two most beneficial components to reuse out of the investigated ones in the case studywere crushed concrete and aluminum doors. It was also concluded that the MCA model issuitable to apply in this component specific context.Avfallsdirektivet från Europeiska kommissionen säger att 70 procent av allt bygg- ochrivningsavfall (CDW) ska återanvändas eller återvinnas. I Sverige under året 2018återanvändes eller återvanns 52,1 procent av den totala mängden genererad CDW. En rapportfrån Avfall Sverige visade dock att återanvändning endast stod för små andelar av dessa 52,1procent. Enligt EU:s avfallshierarki är avfallsminimering följt av återanvändning de mestönskvärda metoderna för hantering av avfall. För att uppnå målet i avfallsdirektivet är studierkring återbruk av CDW ett intressant och relevant ämne. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att vidareutveckla en MCA-modell (Multi CriteriaAnalysis) som tillämpades på olika byggkomponenter för att utvärdera hur lämpliga de var föråteranvändning. Fyra aspekter togs i beaktning i modellen, nämligen (1) finansiell avkastning,(2) miljöpåverkan, (3) energiförbrukning och (4) externa aspekter. Studien utfördes som enfallstudie och de tillämpade metoderna inom fallstudien var intervjuer, en enkät samt utförandetav MCA-modellen. Det teoretiska ramverket för att uppskatta aspekterna ett till tre i MCAmodellenvar en kostnadsnyttoanalys (CBA) och en livscykelanalys (LCA) som utfördes ienlighet med den europeiska standarden EN15978. Den fjärde aspekten utvärderades med hjälpav en enkät för att bedöma de kvalitativa dimensionerna av återanvändning. Slutsatsen av studien var att det finns många utmaningar relaterade till återanvändning irivningsprojekt. Några stora utmaningar som identifierats var begränsade tidsramar, avsaknadav kompetens och erfarenhet bland aktörer samt logistiska utmaningar. Enligt resultaten frånMCA-modellen finns det en skillnad i hur väl lämpade de studerade komponenterna var föråteranvändning. De två mest fördelaktiga komponenterna att återanvända av de undersökta ifallstudien var krossad betong och aluminiumdörrar. Vidare drogs slutsatsen att MCAmodellenär lämplig att använda i detta komponentspecifika sammanhang.
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Richardson, Meg Corbett. "Demolition by neglect an examination of Charleston's ordinance /." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1211389250/.
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Williams, M. S. "The cutting of unbonded prestressing tendons during demolition." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384491.
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Kunieda, Yoichiro. "Development of an impact assessment tool for demolition." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715294.
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Currently in the field of demolition, which generates most of the waste in the construction industry, the treatment of waste largely relies on landfill or degraded recycling, which leads to significant consumption of natural resource and energy and a shortage of landfill site. In order to improve the inefficiency of demolition waste recovery, “to suggest improvements in the environmental impact of the demolition industry in UK” was set as the aim of the present research. After the identification of few opportunities for communication between demolishers and constructers in the current social system, a collaboration support system between these two stakeholders called ‘Demolition Project Mapping’ (DPM) system was suggested. In the system, the impact evaluation tool developed in the 4D-CAD software is applied to the demolition project simulation. This tool allows the users to dynamically simulate the impact of project planning which can be designed in the tool. In the pilot study, the simulation result shows the large potential to reduce the impact (e.g. 28% for the cost) by the tool application.
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Peterson, Brandon (Brandon Jon). "Demolition Space and Housing Removal Policy in Detroit." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118239.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 68-70).
In 2014 the city of Detroit began a program of "targeted and rapid demolition" of its housing stock, aimed at removing all of the city's "blighted" buildings. As the largest currently ongoing housing removal operation in the United States, with $250 million in funding and over 13,000 houses demolished so far, the impact of Detroit's housing demolitions on the city is substantial, and its popularity has grown despite charges of price-gouging, misuse of funds, and ineffectiveness. The scale by which this initiative is reshaping the city should be familiar to anyone with knowledge of twentieth century urban renewal efforts; it likewise deserves a great deal of careful study to understand its inherent benefits and harms. Evidence of blight removal's ability to reduce crime, improve property values, revitalize neighborhoods, and spur economic growth (generally called "neighborhood stabilization") is widely cited, and many city residents are approving of the practice. However, criticism of blight removal programs and the concept of blight in general is growing as scholars find fault with the tenuous relationship between demolition and stabilization, and city governments contend with accusations of displacement, corruption, lack of redevelopment plans, and unjust use of resources. In response, this thesis examines Detroit's housing removal program in light of its rapid growth and potentially problematic effects. It evaluates the impacts of housing removal at the community level by comparing short term outcomes in case study neighborhoods against the stated goal of neighborhood revitalization through its various metrics, and then recommends strategies for future demolition programs and for neighborhoods experiencing high amounts of removal.
by Brandon Peterson.
M.C.P.
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Nordmand, Andersen Philip. "Breakting smart : The future of hand-held demolition." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125398.
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This report describes the work method, conclusions and result of my Master Degree in Advanced Product Design at Umeå Institute of Design. The project lasted 17 weeks and took place in spring 2013. The project was carried out in collaboration with Atlas Copco. The main purpose of this project is to explore the future of handheld demolition tools and how to carry out this extremely physically demanding work in an ergonomic and effortless way, while keeping productivity high and complexity low. I will look into the area of robotics, compact machines, and exoskeletons to get inspiration for supportive structures that could potentially semi- or fully automate some of the strenuous movements of today’s work, while trying to incorporate features to solve some of the other problematic aspects like the hazardous silica and asbestos dust spreading in the air and/or detecting hidden pipes and cables to avoid unnecessary interior damages. The result will be a conceptual product meant for the future market of 2025.6
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EKANEM, EMMANUEL OKON. "EFFECTIVE RECYCLE PLANNING FOR CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/119942.
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Civil EngineeringM.S.E.
Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastes are materials produced in the process of construction, renovation, or demolition of structures (buildings and roads). It also includes materials generated as a result of natural disasters (EPA, 2009). Preliminary estimates from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) show that the nation generated more than 160 million tons of building related C&D wastes in 2003. Also, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) estimated that in 2005, Pennsylvania disposed over 2.25 million tons of C&D wastes in its municipal and C&D landfills (PADEP, 2009).Though previous studies have shown that it is cost-effective and environmentally friendly for contractors or construction managers to recycle C&D wastes rather than disposing them in landfills, these previous studies, however, paid little or no attention to detailed cost of recycling C&D wastes in a particular geographical area or region as compared to the availability of market for recycled materials or monetary value of the recycled materials. Hence, the objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model that helps stakeholders in construction business to evaluate the potential cost of recycling C&D waste components in their geographical area or region, and the potential revenue from the recycled materials. The model developed in this thesis will enable private companies or individuals to identify, invest and participate in the recycling of C&D waste components that yield good profits in their region or area. It will also enable Government to identify, sponsor or provide incentives for the recycling of C&D waste components that yield no or less profit in order to reduce environmental pollution and generate jobs. A case study is conducted in Pennsylvania to test the model developed in this thesis and the test has been successful. Based on the mathematical model and logic structure for selecting C&D waste components for recycling, drywall, roofing shingles and wood are identified as the components whose recycling will yield good profit and thus may not need government's support or incentives. Moreover, C&D waste components such as concrete, brick, block and asphalt, have been identified as components whose recycling will not be profitable enough and therefore would require government's support or incentives. The result of the case study also shows that the quantity of non-ferrous metals in C&D wastes are very small and their recycling will not yield any significant profit.
Temple University--Theses
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Cochran, Kimberly Marie. "Construction and demolition debris recycling methods, markets, and policy /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0017547.
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Majeed, Osman Bin. "Evaluation of construction and demolition waste management in Singapore /." Table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm233.pdf.
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Tang, Kangkang. "Precast Concrete Paving Products made with Recycled Demolition Aggregate." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507499.
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Chan, See Yan, and 陳詩恩. "Review on construction and demolition material management in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254822.
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Cai, Muzi, and 蔡牧孜. "Design by removal pre-adaptable demolition for urban renewal." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196531.
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Strydom, Janke. "A hundred years of demolition orders : a constitutional analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20260.
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Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ownership, and especially the ownership of land, consists of rights as well as duties. The social responsibilities of the owner depend on the prevailing needs of the public (as expressed in legislation) and are subject to change. Section 25(1) of the Constitution impliedly recognises the social obligations of the property owner insofar as it confirms that ownership can be regulated by the state in the public interest. Section 25(1) also sets requirements for the interference with property rights and, in so doing, recognises that the social obligations of the property owner are not without boundaries. In its landmark FNB decision the Constitutional Court gave content and structure to a section 25(1) challenge. The Constitutional Court held that deprivations will be arbitrary for purposes of section 25(1) if the law of general application does not provide sufficient reason for the deprivation or is procedurally unfair. The Constitutional Court elaborated that ‘sufficient reason’ had to be determined with reference to eight contextual factors which reflect the complexity of the relationships involved in the dispute. With reference to section 25(1) and FNB this dissertation considers the constitutional implications of two types of statutory interference with the owner’s right to use, enjoy and exploit his property. Firstly, the dissertation considers the owner’s statutory duty in terms of the National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 of 1977 to demolish unlawful and illegal building works in certain instances. Secondly, the dissertation considers the limitations imposed by the National Heritage Resources Act of 25 of 1999 and the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998 (PIE) on the owner’s right to demolish historic or unlawfully occupied structures. This dissertation argues that building and development controls, historic preservation laws and anti-eviction legislation are legitimate exercises of the state’s police power. Generally, these statutory interferences with ownership will not amount to unconstitutional deprivation of property. Nevertheless, there are instances where regulatory laws cannot be applied inflexibly if doing so results in excessive interferences with property rights. The FNB substantive arbitrariness test indicates when the law imposes disproportionate burdens on land owners. Furthermore, the non-arbitrariness tests shows when it might be necessary to mitigate disproportionate burdens, imposed in terms of otherwise legitimate regulatory laws, by way of German-style equalisation measures, which are comparable to the constitutional damages granted by South African courts. This dissertation concludes that in the past century the South African legal system has progressed from the apartheid regime, which protected the rights and interests of the white minority, to a constitutional regime which safeguards the rights of all South Africans. There are two legal developments that may lead to positive change in the next century, namely active pursuance of the notion that ownership consists of rights and duties and the development of equalisation-style measures, incorporated into legislation, to alleviate excessive burdens imposed on property owners in the public interest.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Eiendomsreg, veral eiendomsreg op grond, bestaan uit regte sowel as pligte. Die sosiale verantwoordelikhede van die eienaar word bepaal deur die heersende behoeftes van die publiek (soos in wetgewing beliggaam) en is onderhewig aan verandering. Artikel 25(1) van die Grondwet erken implisiet die sosiale verpligtinge van die eienaar in soverre dit bevestig dat eiendomsreg nie ʼn absolute reg is nie en dat dit deur die staat in die openbare belang gereguleer kan word. Artikel 25(1) koppel vereistes aan statutêre beperkings wat op die eienaar se regte geplaas kan word en erken daardeur dat die sosiale pligte van die eienaar nie onbegrens is nie. In die invloedryke FNB-beslissing het die Grondwethof inhoud en struktuur aan grondwetlike analise ingevolge artikel 25(1) gegee. Die Grondwethof het bepaal dat ʼn ontneming arbitrêr sal wees vir die doeleindes van artikel 25(1) as die algemeen geldende reg nie genoegsame rede vir die ontneming verskaf nie of as die ontnemingsproses prosedureel onbillik was. Die Grondwethof het uitgebrei dat ‘genoegsame rede’ bepaal moet word met verwysing na agt kontekstuele faktore wat die kompleksiteit van die verhoudinge wat in die geskil betrokke is, weerspieël. Met verwysing na artikel 25(1) en FNB oorweeg hierdie proefskrif die grondwetlike implikasies van twee tipes statutêre beperkinge wat deur wetgewing op eienaars se regte geplaas word. Eerstens neem die proefskrif die eienaar se statutêre plig ingevolge die Wet op Nasionale Bouregulasies en Boustandaarde 103 van 1977 om onwettige en onregmatige geboue en bouwerke te sloop, in oënskou. Tweedens oorweeg die proefskrif die beperkinge ingevolge die Wet op Nasionale Erfenishulpbronne 25 van 1999 en die Wet op die Voorkoming van Onwettige Uitsettings en Onregmatige Besetting van Grond 19 van 1998 op die eienaar se reg om historiese en onregmatige bewoonde strukture te sloop. Die proefskrif betoog dat bou- en ontwikkelingsbeheermaatreëls, historiese bewaringswette en uitsettingsvoorkomingswetgewing legitieme uitoefening van die staat se polisiëringsmag is. In die algemeen sal hierdie statutêre inmenging nie uitloop op ongrondwetlike ontneming van eiendom nie. Nietemin is daar gevalle waar die regulerende wette nie onbuigsaam toegepas kan word nie indien dit tot uitermatige inmenging met die eienaar se regte lei. Die FNB-toets vir substantiewe arbitrêre ontneming dui aan wanneer ‘n wet ʼn disproporsionele las op grondeienaars plaas. Verder wys die FNB-toets wanneer dit nodig mag wees om oneweredige laste, wat deur andersins regmatige regulerende wette opgelê is, te versag. Dit kan gedoen word deur middel van ʼn statutêre maatreël, geskoei op Duitse voorbeeld, wat vergelykbaar is met grondwetlike skadevergoeding wat deur Suid-Afrikaanse howe toegeken is. Hierdie proefskrif kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die Suid-Afrikaanse regstelsel oor die afgelope eeu ontwikkel het van die apartheidsbestel, wat die regte en belange van die wit minderheid beskerm het, tot die huidige grondwetlike bestel wat die regte van alle Suid-Afrikaners beskerm. Twee ontwikkelinge kan tot positiewe verandering in die volgende eeu lei, naamlik aktiewe bevordering van die gedagte dat eiendomsreg uit regte en verpligtinge bestaan en ontwikkeling van statutêre maatreëls wat die uitermatige las wat in die openbare belang op eienaars geplaas word, te verlig.
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Vitral, Letícia Alves. "Iconically modeling the demolition of the Palast der Republik." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2287.
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O fotolivro Palast der Republik, do fotógrafo Christoph Rokitta, é um fotolivro independente publicado em 2013, em Berlim. Neste fotolivro, diferentes recursos semióticos interagem uns com os outros, com a intenção de recriar uma nova experiência semiótica sobre o processo de demolição do edifício homônimo. Em oposição à noção trivial de ícone como um tipo específico de signo que está para seu objeto em uma relação de similaridade, iremos analisar o fotolivro como um ícone cuja principal característica definidora é a possibilidade de descoberta de novas informações sobre seu objeto através de sua manipulação. Esta característica específica dos ícones é chamada de critério operacional de iconicidade. O propósito deste trabalho é descrever e analisar as interações entre os diversos recursos semióticos encontrados no fotolivro Palast der Republik, explorando não apenas o critério operacional de iconicidade, mas também o papel de diagramas nos processos de raciocínio e a função de modelos como artefatos epistêmicos. Portanto, será apresentado como recursos semióticos com características morfológicas diferentes interagem no fotolivro a fim de se criar um artefato epistêmico diagramático de seu objeto: o processo de demolição do Palast der Republik.
Palast der Republik, by the photographer Christoph Rokitta, is an independent photobook published in 2013 in Berlin. In Palast der Republik different semiotic resources interact with one another, in order to reveal a new experience about the demolition process of the homonymous building. In opposition to the trivial notion of icon as sign that stands for its object in a relation of similarity, we are going to analyze the book as an icon whose main feature is the possibility of discovering new information about its object through its manipulation. This specific feature is called operation criteria of iconicity. Our aim is to describe and analyze the relations between semiotic resources in this photobook, by exploring not only the operational criterion of iconicity, but also the roles of diagrams in reasoning, and how models function models as epistemic artifacts. Therefore, it will be presented here how semiotic resources with different morphological features in the photobook interact in order to create a diagrammatic epistemic artifact of its object: the demolition of the Palast der Republik.
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Patterson, Lynn M. "Local Economic Development Agencies' Support for Construction and Demolition Recycling." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14634.
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The construction and demolition (C and D) recycling industry creates economic opportunity through business activity; promotes equity through workforce training and partnerships; and helps to conserve natural resources through the reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling of C and D debris. While C and D recycling satisfies traditional local economic development goals, it also addresses broader goals of progressive, and sustainable local economic development. The general planning literature shows an increasing interest in sustainability; however, there have been fewer studies on sustainable local economic development initiatives. This research examines the current state of local economic development agency support for the C and D recycling industry as an economic development strategy. In doing so, the dissertation assembles the array of activities local economic development agencies used to support the industry; identifies distinguishing policy or contextual characteristics of agencies that actively supported the industry from those that did not; and assesses whether the agencies support for C and D recycling fit within the rational planning model. Using data from a national survey of local economic development agencies, the study categorizes the local economic development tools used to support the industry. Results show that a combination of traditional, progressive, and sustainable local economic development tools are adapted and newly created to satisfy the specific needs of this specialized industry. Multiple discriminant analyses identify key characteristics of the agencies that support C and D recycling. These characteristics include previous support for the general recycling industry, the presence and support of environmental enterprise zones and eco-industrial parks, and knowledge of local landfill capacity issues. Overall, the agencies that actively supported C and D recycling engage in activities associated with sustainable local economic development. The descriptive and statistical analyses are combined with the surveys qualitative responses to determine that local economic development agencies do not operate under a strict interpretation of the comprehensive rational planning model in their support of C and D recycling. Instead, local economic development agencies use modified rational and reactive planning strategies in their support of the industry. The study concludes with policy recommendations to increase local economic development agency support for C and D recycling.
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Patterson, Lynn M. "Local economic development agencies' support for construction & demolition recycling." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062007-105904/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--City Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Leigh, Nancey Green, Committee Chair ; Contant, Cheryl, Committee Member ; Meyer, Peter, Committee Member ; Vanegas, Jorge, Committee Member ; Elliott, Michael, Committee Member.
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Huang, Haibin. "Study of reinforced concrete building demolition methods and code requirements." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5167.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 64 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-59).
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ITOH, Yoshito, Sung Kin PUN, Craig LANGSTON, and Chunlu LIU. "Infrastructure logistics for applying a just-in-time demolition approach." T-LOG Network, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18827.
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Melendez, Beth A. "A study of leachate generated from construction and demolition landfills." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9028.
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Craighill, Amelia Louise. "Lifecycle assessment and evaluation of construction and demolition waste management." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247103.
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The aim of this thesis is to test the hypothesis that by increasing the amount of waste material that is reused and recycled, the UK construction industry can become more sustainable. Construction waste reclamation is increasing as a result of demonstration projects, encouraged by the landfill tax and the impending primary aggregates levy. However, much of the recovered material is used for low-grade purposes and there is still a reticence to embrace its widespread use in higher specification applications as a direct substitute for primary materials. Applying sustainability principles to construction waste management requires a lifecycle approach whereby the social, economic and environmental impacts are considered of both the raw and secondary materials chain. Using data from a number of case studies, a lifecycle assessmenmt odel was created within which the impacts from five alternative waste management scenarios were compared. The impacts were evaluated using economic valuation and multicriteria techniques to provide an overall picture of the relative sustainability of the alternative options. Sensitivity analyses were used to test the validity and robustness of the results in the light of data uncertainty and other variations. The results suggest that managing construction waste further up the waste management hierarchy will result in a more sustainableU K construction industry. The financial costs follow a similar pattern, which raises the question of why recycled materials are not more widely substituted for primary materials. It is concluded that there may be additional factors that are difficult to include within an LCA such as market and information failures, the timing of materials supply and demand and industry confidence. Unless addressed, such factors will continue to limit the extent to which secondary materials replace primary materials in the industry and therefore the sustainability benefits that can be realised
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Khalili, Farshid. "Forecasting of the ship demolition market using artificial neural networks." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3139.
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Each section of the shipping market including the Newbuilding, Freight, Second-hand and Demolition markets has its own unique structure and individual internal parameters. Internal parameters can influence one or more parameters in their own and other markets. This makes the shipping markets, and each of their sections, a complex environment. Additionally, some external elements, such as inflation, political issues and economic policies, will affect certain outcomes. In such an environment, the main problem for creation of a "market model" is to recognise the most effective and influential input parameters on a set of desired outputs whilst considering the time-dependant nature of the data. In this study, the traditional multivariate analysis methods have been implemented to try and create the best model of the Demolition market and use the created model to forecast the market. However, the accuracy of the model is poor. Then a new approach, based on the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) methodology, has been implemented to model the market and consequently forecast the market. Both static and dynamic ANNs were implemented, trained and tested for various internal and external inputs and the desired outputs of the Demolition market to find out the best combination of various elements. Performance of the network, in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (r), has been measured and compared for every individual structure and consequently the best functional relationship has been identified. In addition, the sensitivity of different parameters has been identified and the effectiveness of the input parameters demonstrated. The results of the studies indicate that it is feasible to implement a suitable Neural Network architecture to map the inputs and outputs accurately and establish a usable "Ship Demolition Model". The model produced good results and can explain the complex structure of the Demolition market and identify and validate the main inputs which can alter market trends. The performance of the model has also been measured for forecasting three months ahead of the market and it shows a reasonable accuracy.
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Jarman, David S. "Developing a cost effective construction and demolition waste management plan." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09182008-063013/.
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Chan, See Yan. "Review on construction and demolition material management in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B2342493x.
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Eramela, Wing Yi Josefina. "Approaches for construction and demolition waste management in Hong Kong." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041272.
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Archer, Bernard. "Properties of concrete subjected to explosively generated impact and impulse loading." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1986. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14620/.
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The use of models to simulate full scale structural effects has long been attempted and various types of models have been developed. One type, the replica model, in which prototype materials are used was selected for this study. Much interest has been shown in the past on damage prediction based on extrapolation of the results from small explosive charge tests. In this study, scale model concrete ground slabs have been subjected to high rates of loading using explosively propelled copper and aluminium projectiles impacting on the concrete to air surface and explosive devices buried in the soil beneath the concrete slab. The copper or aluminium projectile was produced from a truncated cone of metal in direct contact with a shaped charge of RDX/TNT explosive. The subsurface charge was uncased PE4 plastic explosive inserted into a hole through the slab and into the soil. In many tests the hole was produced by the metal jet impact without any modification. Other scaled concrete targets have also been tested using explosively propelled projectiles. Transient results from the tests have been collected using high speed photography, electrical resistance strain gauges, crack velocity detection devices and a projectile velocity measurement system. Other measurements of post test damage have utilised stereoscopic photography, coloured particles of soil in the foundations of the concrete slabs and a scanning electron microscope. Concretes of various strengths and densities have been used but all conformed to a scaled down specification for pavement quality concrete. Explosive charges were similarly scaled in size from prototype devices. Some additional experimental work has been carried out to obtain fundamental data on the explosive charges and on 'perspex', metal and concrete blocks for calculation and comparison purposes. Comparisons are also made with work of a related nature undertaken at larger scales.
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Gong, Jie Lu. "Environmental management of Macau construction and demolition (C&D) waste." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2182945.
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Karunasena, G. I. "Capacity building for post disaster waste management : construction and demolition waste." Thesis, University of Salford, 2012. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/38096/.
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Though increasing nature of impacts from disasters has made post disaster management a significant area of concern, management of disaster waste is identified as an area of least concern. It presents momentous challenges for those with inadequate capacities due to large volumes and hazardous constituents created, particularly in developing countries. This is equally applicable to Sri Lanka which was severely affected by the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 and from three decades of civil war. In this context, it is vital to explore capacities which need to be enhanced for post disaster waste management. Accordingly, this study focuses on identification of existing capacities of post disaster waste management with special emphasise on Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste at national level entities in Sri Lanka. Disaster C&D waste comprises of waste such as debris generated from totally or partially damaged buildings and infrastructure as a direct impact of disasters or from demolished buildings and infrastructure at rehabilitation or early recovery stages. Literature revealed that after the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004, collected disaster waste containing a considerable proportion of C&D waste was not recycled or reused at its optimum capacity in Sri Lanka, instead disposing it at landfill sites. Initially, a literature review and document survey was conducted on capacity building with special emphasise on post disaster waste management to identify capacity building principles, strategies, evaluation measures and challenges, if there are any. Pilot interviews were conducted to identify current post disaster waste management practices in Sri Lanka. Multiple case studies and expert interviews were subsequently conducted to gather primary data on existing capacities of post disaster waste management in Sri Lanka. Three case studies which included fourteen individuals and seven experts representing government and non governmental organisations and other sector entities were selected for data collection. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as the main data collection method and code based analysis and cognitive mapping were used to analyse collected data. Results revealed existing capacities, capacity gaps and factors affecting capacity building for post disaster waste management including: skills and confidence building, links and collaborations, continuity and sustainability, research and development, communication and coordination, organisational implementations and investments in infrastructure. Approaches for enhancing capacities in post disaster waste management were identified. They include establishment of a regulatory body and enforceable rules and regulations, promotion of holistic approaches for training and development focussing on indigenous and sustainable methods, development of formal and transparent procedures to establish linkages and collaborations, create awareness on sustainable, environmentally friendly and culturally supportive techniques on disaster waste management. These approaches were identified with the aim to contribute towards achieving sustainable post disaster C&D waste management.
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Law, Tak-chi, and 羅德智. "Special characteristics of construction and demolition materials recycling in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255917.
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Toth, Michael Stephen II. "Construction and Demolition Debris Recovery and Recycling in Orange County, FL." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5535.
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In 2008, the State of Florida established a recycling goal of 75% to be achieved by 2020. In response to the Florida goal Orange County (OC), Florida has made the development and implementation of an efficient strategy for landfill diversion of its solid waste a top priority. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) estimated that 23 % of municipal solid waste was generated by construction and demolition (C&D) activities in 2009, with only 30 percent of C&D debris being recycled. Therefore, OC decided to create a solid waste integrated resource plan (SWIRP) initially focused on the recovery and recycling of C&D materials (2010). For SWIRP development, OC decision makers need the best available data regarding C&D debris generation and composition and an understanding of the potential markets available for recycled materials. In this investigation debris generation was estimated over the period of 2001 to 2009 for the largest single governing body within OC, unincorporated OC (UOC), representing 65 percent of county population. The debris generation model was constructed for years 2001-2010 using area values for C&D activities in six sectors obtained from building permits and debris generation multipliers obtained from literature values. The benefit of the model is that as building permit information is received, debris generation estimations can also be expediently updated. Material composition fractions obtained from waste characterization studies of landfills in the Central Florida area were applied to the debris generation model resulting in a material composition for all sectors for years 2001-2010. The material composition of the debris stream was found to be, on average, concrete (53%) drywall (20%), wood (12%), a miscellaneous fraction (8%), asphalt roofing material (4%), metal (2%), cardboard (1%) and carpet and padding (1%). A market analysis was performed for concrete, drywall, wood, asphalt roofing shingles and residual screened materials (RSM). It was found that statewide, markets existed for 100 percent of the materials studied and could replace significant amounts of natural material feedstocks, but that the development of more local markets was vital to meeting OC's diversion goal to minimize the cost of transporting recyclables.ID: 031001500; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Debra Reinhart.; Co-adviser: Amir Behzadan.; Title from PDF title page (viewed July 26, 2013).; Thesis (M.S.Env.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-106).
M.S.Env.E.
Masters
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering
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Thurman, Michael William. "Reduction of cost of the Naval Special Warfare Basic Underwater Demolition." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/30558.
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Down-sizing of the military means reduction in operating budgets of most commands. Currently, the Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) training program has one of the highest attrition rates of any military school. Because of this high attrition rate there is potentially a great deal of monetary waste that could be saved in this program, both in students that do not successfully complete the program as well as those that graduate. The purpose of this study is to analyze in detail the BUD/S program, identify inefficiencies and associated potential savings and recommend future studies to expand on these savings. Topics discussed in this paper are: determination of attrition rates and distributions for each dis-enrollment category; arrival date and its effect on graduation rate; class convening date and its effect on graduation rate; graduation potential given a student has been 'rolled-back', profile of a successful student based on service record data; recommendations for future study. It should be noted that this paper is only an initial look at the cost associated with the BUD/S attrition problem. Certain conclusions derived from the database are based on a relatively small sample that may have been affected by other factors not reflected in the database. Caution should be exercised when using the models based on small sample size.
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Fredriksson, Peter, and Simon Tafreshi. "Recycling in the demolition industry - a case study of Destroy AB." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133219.
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Landfill and mixed wastes are more expensive to dispose of than sorted wastes, and also decrease the possibilities for recycling of wastes. This thesis aimed towards determining what the potential benefits could be with leasing a sorting site and whether or not Destroy RC AB should introduce a sorting site to their business from a primarily economic perspective. The materials included in landfill and mixed wastes were determined and were prioritized differently depending on the economic and environmental benefit from sorting and recycling each material. If a sorting site was introduced to Destroys network of processes, unsorted waste types would be sent to the sorting site from demolition sites instead of to landfill and recycling sites. Scenarios with different variations of amounts of wastes at the sorting site, compositions of wastes, truck types used for transports, and sorting speeds were studied and used for total cost analyses
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Gunja, Leela Sai Phani Kumar. "Sustainable management and recycling processes of various construction and demolition wastes." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25773/.
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The construction industry has experienced rapid expansion in recent decades as a consequence of population growth, increased IT spending, increased industrialization, and the introduction of new infrastructure projects, all of which have resulted in a dramatic increase in the construction industry. As a result, the demand for building materials for construction operations is high, resulting in a large volume of construction trash. Wasted construction materials resulted in significant financial losses for builders, contractors, regional governments, and the country as a whole. The massive volumes of construction and demolition (C&D) waste created throughout the world, which account for more than 25% of all waste generated, has become a severe environmental concern that must be addressed. This analytical research study examines the many negative environmental effects of the currently utilized conventional waste management approach of landfilling and offers trash recycling as a viable alternative.
Because of the vast volumes created and the tremendous potential for re-use and recycling reflected in these materials, the EC has designated construction and demolition (C&D) waste as a priority stream. Indeed, appropriate management would result in the effective and efficient use of natural resources as well as the reduction of the planet's environmental consequences. As a result, the Waste Framework Directive (WFD) requires Member States (MS) to take all necessary steps by 2020 to obtain the minimum target of 70% (by weight) of C&D waste for re-use, recycling, and other material recovery, including backfilling operational processes using non-hazardous C&D waste to replace other materials.
As a result, this study on C&D waste is an important tool for determining the next stages and trends in the handling of this waste stream in Europe.
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Munkong, Chanen. "Decision to demolish : case studies of decision-making criteria for 20th century mass social housing in Edinburgh." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17546.
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This is an empirical study of the rationale the lays behind the decisions made to refurbish or demolish 20th century social mass-housing. The study is based on four case studies located in Edinburgh. From these studies, the decision-making criteria are identified. These fall into three broad categories, which are structural integrity, sociocultural value, and economic practicality. The analysis of these three categories of criteria sheds light on the way in which each is used in justifying the decisions taken. The case studies include 1) the demolition of West Granton Housing Scheme-A; 2) the·. demolition of Tweedsmuir and Grampian Houses; 3) the demolition of Grampian and Cairngorm Houses; and 4) The mixed solution of demolition and refurbishment applied to Ebenezer MacRae's Housing Estates. The study analyses the decision-making process according to three criteria: structural integrity, economic practicality, and sociocultural value. While structural integrity is a precondition for a building's survival and economic viability the fundamental language in which the discussion is conducted, sociocultural value is also of critical significance, as it most clearly indicates the precise and often complex nature of the problem and its solution. The broader context in which these competing agendas operate, however, is political, and as this study makes clear, the ultimate decision and justification on why a building might be demolished or conserved is political.
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Bohne, Rolf André. "Eco-efficiency and Performance Strategies in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling Systems." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-452.
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This thesis studies the Danish and Norwegian recycling systems for construction and demolition (C&D) waste. The architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is a major contributor to societies waste production; accounting for approximately 40% of the waste production. It is therefore important to manage the C&D waste effectively to move society towards sustainability.
This study applies the Industrial Ecology paradigm. This involved multidisciplinary approach, spanning the fields of Industrial Ecology, Systems Engineering and Organizational and Social Studies.
The scope of this thesis is threefold. The first scope is to get a better understanding of the processes that are taking place within the socio-technical sphere of a recycling system. Second, what is the nature of the C&D waste and what are the environmental impacts from the various waste fractions. Third, how can this information be used to improve recycling systems for C&D waste.
The study show that the suggestions in the National Action Plan and the corresponding policies are eco-effective, but that the environmental impact is very transport dependent. The study also shows that there is a great need to focus on future waste composition in the design of recycling systems for C&D waste. However, such waste projections are difficult to perform due to poor data availability.
There is a need for making more qualified decisions on environmental issues, with regard to long term management of such recycling systems. Long term models combined with environmental and economic information can make a powerful tool for such analysis.
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Brenneman, Chad. "Evaluating Worker Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium in Refractory Materials During Demolition Activities." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1267736529.
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Wickins, Kyle. "The use of construction and demolition waste in concrete in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14047.
Full textAbstract:
Incorporating recycled aggregates in concrete, despite the fact that effective technologies are available, is being adopted at a slow rate. These shortcomings have been associated with poor quality recycled aggregate (RA) products, lack of guidelines facilitating the use of RAs in various applications, and little incentive to incorporate these materials into civil engineering projects in Cape Town. In order to promote the use of RAs, a construction and demolition waste (C&DW) recycling culture has to be developed. Analysis of municipal waste data over the past 10 years shows that the commercial aggregate industry and market has not grown. A major contributor to the excess C&DW in the City, is the discarded C&DW once used to manage landfill sites with regard to activities such as cell creation, road building etc. This has resulted in 195 000 tons of the estimated 680 000 tons per annum (2012) of C&DW being disposed in Cape Town. The approach of the City and the construction industry to waste management is characterised by quality control issues, resource inefficiencies, economic and social burdens and environmental impacts. The realisation of C&DW as a resource and the development of on-site recycling procedures are seen as the key to creating more sustainable C&DW management systems. This is achieved internationally through detailed integrated waste management plans (IWMPs) that require waste generators to identify and separate a variety of C&DWs, as well as specify their proposed uses for these materials. This creates an environment where a specialist waste-processing sector can develop and practices such as the re-use and recycling of multiple C&DWs can flourish. It is important that the management and handling of C&DWs is carried out in a manner such that the technical requirements of this resource are understood. This study analyses two major C&D materials in clay and concrete masonry (CMA) materials and waste concrete (RCA). Greywacke stone is used as the control coarse aggregate. A 100% replacement ratio of coarse RA is used in all RA concrete mixes. A 50% Klipheiwel and 50% Dune sand mix is used in all concrete mixes respectively. C&D materials in this study were processed through simulated, on-site procedures to produce 19 mm coarse aggregate for concrete.
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Xu, Qiyong. "Hydrogen sulfide emissions and control strategies at construction and demolition debris landfills." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013094.
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Beckner, Chrisanne. "Cultural Demolition: What Was Lost When Eugene Razed its First Black Neighborhood?" Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9976.
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xii, 167 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.In the 1940s, Eugene, Oregon's first African-American neighborhood took root on a riverbank north of the city. In 1949, county officials demolished the homes and church of the ad hoc community and relocated the residents. In the 21st century, no physical evidence of the former neighborhood remains, but the history continues to circulate among Eugene's contemporary African-American community. This thesis documents the history of Eugene's first black neighborhood, examines the roles that race and class played in its demolition, and develops recommendations for public commemoration. To do so, it critically examines methods of historic preservation and their relationship to sites of intangible history. Through an analysis of various models of commemoration, a multi-disciplinary approach emerges that may apply to similar sites.
Committee in Charge: Kingston W. Heath, Chair; John Fenn
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TEFA, LUCA. "Multiscale assessment of construction and demolition waste aggregates stabilization through alkaline activation." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2731904.
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Ortells, Nicolau Xavier. "Urban demolition and the aesthetics of recent ruins in experimental photography from China." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/288299.
Full textAbstract:
A la Xina de les reformes econòmiques, la demolició i la runa han esdevingut una presencia indefugible a la majoria de ciutats xineses. Reificant “l’amenaça a la ciutat i la seva memòria”, en paraules de Yomi Braester, la demolició ha atret una munió d’artistes i cineastes que l’han incorporada a les seves obres. Aquesta tesi doctoral contribueix a estudis recents sobre l’imaginari de les ruïnes a l’art i la cultura visual de la Xina, i al creixent nombre d’estudis sobre fotografia xinesa amb un anàlisi de fotògrafs experimentals que han treballat sobre el tema de la demolició urbana.
La prevalença del tema de la demolició urbana respon, en primer lloc, al fet que la runa a les ciutat ha romàs ubiqua i duradorament. En aquest sentit, la tesi esbossa el marc legal i institucional del desenvolupament urbanístic xinès per a explicar les dinàmiques responsables de l’emergència i visibilitat dels paisatges ruïnosos. A la vegada, l’accent en l’experimentalisme artístic serveix per a emfatitzar les diferents maneres com els artistes, tot anant més enllà de la plasmació documental o activista de la demolició, l’han transformada en ruïnes. En aquest sentit, la tesi també participa de la revisió contemporània dels estudis sobre la ruïna, que de manera transdisciplinar ressalta el seu aspecte de construcció discursiva, així com el seu ús com a categoria crítica.
Per a això, la tesi examina més de quaranta projectes de fotografia experimental de la Xina produïts des de les primeries dels anys 90 fins a l’actualitat. Després d’haver-ne detectat les principals estratègies estètiques i discursives, es presenten dividits en diferents capítols d’acord a una seqüència cronològica i a les característiques compartides en la seva aproximació a la demolició. A més del context directe de la fotografia contemporània de la Xina, la tesi també explora connexions entre les diferents obres i la tradicions i convencions estètiques de la Xina i d’Europa, amb particular esment al pioners de la fotografia conceptual de les dècades dels 60 i 70, els quals van endegar la crítica d’avant-guarda de la fotografia a través d’una revolució conceptual en què l’imaginari de la ruïna fou crucial.
Després d’analitzar els diferents artistes i les seves propostes, la tesi destaca com a principals estratègies de creació de ruïnes el conceptualisme, la performativitat, i les tecnologies digitals. A més, planteja una evolució temporal en l’estil i l’actitud dels diferents artistes, culminada amb una exploració d’alguns projectes fotogràfics sobre demolició contemporanis a la redacció d’aquest treball.In reform era China, demolition and rubble has become an unavoidable presence in most major cities. Reifying “the menace to the city and its memory”, in words of Yomi Braester, demolition has attracted many artists and filmmakers, who have incorporated it in their works. This dissertation contributes to recent studies of the ruin imaginary in Chinese art and visual culture, and to the emerging body of literature on Chinese photography with an analysis of experimental photographers who have engaged with urban demolition. The predominance of the theme of urban demolition responds, first and foremost, to the fact that urban rubble has been ubiquitous and enduring. In this sense, this dissertation sketches the institutional and legal framework regulating land development in China, to account for the particular dynamics responsible to the emergence and visibility of ruinous landscapes. At the same time, the focus on artistic experimentalism serves to focus on the ways in which the different artists analyzed have transformed demolition sites into ruins, going beyond a documentary or activist depiction of demolition. In this sense, the dissertation also partakes in the current transdisciplinar revision of ruins studies, which foregrounds the constructedness of ruins as a discourse and critical category. To do so, the dissertation examines over 40 photographic series spanning from the early 1990s to the present, detects their aesthetic and discursive strategies, and divides them in different chapters according to a chronological sequence, and commonalities in their approach to demolition. In addition to the immediate context of contemporary photography from China, the dissertation also explores the connections of contemporary photographic projects with aesthetic traditions and conventions in a comparative perspective between Europe and China, and in particular with the pioneering photo-conceptualist artists of the 1960s and 1970s who carried out the avant-garde critique of photography by means of a conceptualist revolution, a process in which the imaginary of ruination was key. After analyzing the different photographic works, the dissertation highlights conceptualism, performativity, and digital technologies as the main strategies for the creation of ruins. It also posits a temporal evolution in the style and attitude of the artists, with an exploration of the newest photographic works on demolition concurrent with the writing of this work.