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1

Sacristán, Soriano Oriol. "Chemical and microbial ecology of thc demosponge Aplysina aerophoba = Ecología química y microbiana de la demosponja Aplysina aerophoba." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128858.

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Phylum Porifera (Grant, 1836) are sessile metazoans with a differentiated inhalant and exhalant aquiferous system with external pores. Lacking a tissue grade of construction, sponges can reach two well-differentiated regions, the ectosome (external layer free of choanocytes) and the choanosome (internal region with choanocytes). As the most likely primitive metazoans, their challenging structural organization, physiology for biocalcification and trophic requirements allowed sponges to rapidly colonize distinct environments and built important sponge reefs during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, making them an ecologically relevant group principally in marine benthic communities. To date, sponges are still ecologically important among benthic fauna although the role as reef builders in modern coral reefs has changed in favor of scleractinian corals. Nonetheless, sponges have demonstrated a huge capacity to adapt and spread in many habitats contributing to organization and functioning at both community and ecosystem levels. One of the keys of the evolutionary success of this group lies in the close association between sponges and microbes that dates back to the Precambrian era. The need to be defended may have arisen from the lack of motility of sponges and several mechanisms emerged to fulfill their demand including a chemical protection. Many sponges would have taken advantage of associated microbes to use their metabolites as a defense barrier against predators, competitors or foulers. This particular symbiosis has consequently become a key factor in biotic interactions within the sponge research. To date, chemical ecology and microbial ecology are two independent areas of the sponge research with ecological implications that occasionally converge at the same point. We want to analyze the evolution of the sponge chemical and microbial ecology from the very beginning, to quantify their impact on the scientific community, and to compare both research areas. This PhD dissertation has been conceived to study the chemical and microbial ecology of sponges using the demosponge Aplysina aerophoba (Nardo, 1833) as a model species because its secondary chemistry and its associated microbial community are well studied and it is quite abundant in our study area (Northwestern Mediterranean and Canary Islands). Beyond the knowledge achieved about the major chemistry and bacterial assemblages in A. aerophoba, we have been able to explore the variation sources of the natural products and the sponge microbial consortium. Additionally, we have assessed the putative relationships between the host bacterial community and the production of secondary metabolites in this species. We explored changes in the abundance of secondary metabolites and the relative composition of bacterial assemblages in A. aerophoba at multiple spatial (from few centimeters to thousand kilometers) and temporal (months and years) scales. The approach used allowed us to investigate which is the magnitude of the variance attributable to the distinct spatial and temporal scales and the most relevant scale at which the abundance of secondary metabolites and bacterial symbionts varied. We also investigated the relationship between natural products and microbial community structure by assessing whether both parameters covary at multiple scales. Finally, we experimentally addressed whether different light exposures can modify chemical and microbial profiles in the external and internal regions of A. aerophoba. In summary, the production of natural products in sponges and the abundance and phylogenetic composition of the host-associated microbial community mainly depend to a large extent on the sponge-species and the ecological factors with spatial and temporal variations (e.g., light, predation, competition, fouling). The host state (i.e., stress) is also a key factor that may be the main driver of symbiotic shifts causing a breakdown in the sponge health and making the symbiont communities unstable and likely the sponge chemical defense. The combination between abiotic and biotic factors may finally determine the concentration of bioactive compounds and associated microbial diversity as the abiotic environmental context can control the outcomes of biotic interactions, and biotic interactions often moderate the effect of abiotic factors. For that reason, it is not an easy task to actually figure out the factors that limit or enhance chemical and microbial variability. Further experiments and time-series observations are needed to reveal the underlying processes hidden.<br>El filo Porifera (Grant, 1836) está compuesto por metazoos sésiles con un sistema acuífero diferenciado del que forman parte los coanocitos que generan un flujo de agua unidireccional. A pesar de no presentar auténticos tejidos, las esponjas pueden llegar a desarrollar dos regiones bien definidas, el ectosoma (capa externa) y el coanosoma (región interna). Estos organismos representan un grupo ecológicamente importante del bentos marino con gran capacidad de adaptación y dispersión en muchos hábitats, contribuyendo así en la organización y funcionamiento a nivel de comunidad y ecosistema. Una de las claves del éxito evolutivo de las esponjas yace en la relación estrecha que presentan desde el Precámbrico con microorganismos a través de la cual desarrollaron una protección química. Muchas esponjas habrían utilizado los metabolitos secundarios de origen microbiano como defensa química. A día de hoy se han desarrollado dos áreas de investigación, la ecología química y la microbiana de esponjas, de las que realmente desconocemos su origen o su impacto. Dado el vacío existente de estudios que evalúen la comunidad bacteriana de esponjas como fuente de compuestos bioactivos, teníamos la oportunidad de integrar estos dos campos de la ecología de esponjas investigando la relación entre productos naturales y microorganismos simbiontes, con el fin de entender la funcionalidad de la comunidad bacteriana en el huésped. Esta tesis fue concebida para estudiar la ecología química y microbiana de la esponja Aplysina aerophoba (Nardo, 1833), cuya química y comunidad bacteriana asociada han sido objeto de muchos estudios previos. El principal objetivo fue explorar las fuentes de variación tanto de los productos naturales adscritos a Aplysina como de su estructura microbiana e inferir una posible relación entre comunidad de microorganismos y la producción de metabolitos secundarios. La aproximación que utilizamos consistía en explorar la variabilidad natural de los compuestos bioactivos y de la estructura microbiana de la esponja Aplysina aerophoba a distintas escalas espaciales (desde pocos centímetros hasta miles de kilómetros) y temporales (meses, años), y evaluar el efecto de factores ambientales, como la luz, en los perfiles químicos y microbianos. Posteriormente, correlacionar ambos patrones de variación e inferir alguna asociación potencial entre productos naturales y simbiontes microbianos. Resumiendo, la producción de metabolitos secundarios en esponjas y la composición filogenética de la microbiota asociada depende esencialmente de la especie de esponja, de los factores ecológicos con variación espacial y temporal, como también del estado del huésped (si presenta o no estrés). La combinación entre factores abióticos y bióticos determinará en última instancia la abundancia de defensas químicas y la diversidad microbiana debido a una autorregulación entre ambos tipos de factores.
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2

Ueberlein, Susanne, Susanne Machill, Hendrik Niemann, Peter Proksch, and Eike Brunner. "The Skeletal Amino Acid Composition of the Marine Demosponge Aplysina cavernicola." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-165337.

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It has been discovered during the past few years that demosponges of the order Verongida such as Aplysina cavernicola exhibit chitin-based skeletons. Verongida sponges are well known to produce bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives. We could recently demonstrate that brominated compounds do not exclusively occur in the cellular matrix but also in the skeletons of the marine sponges Aplysina cavernicola and Ianthella basta. Our measurements imply that these yet unknown compounds are strongly, possibly covalently bound to the sponge skeletons. In the present work, we determined the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge A. cavernicola especially with respect to the presence of halogenated amino acids. The investigations of the skeletons before and after MeOH extraction confirmed that only a small amount of the brominated skeleton-bound compounds dissolves in MeOH. The main part of the brominated compounds is strongly attached to the skeletons but can be extracted for example by using Ba(OH)2. Various halogenated tyrosine derivatives were identified by GC-MS and LC-MS in these Ba(OH)2 extracts of the skeletons.
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3

Ueberlein, Susanne, Susanne Machill, Hendrik Niemann, Peter Proksch, and Eike Brunner. "The Skeletal Amino Acid Composition of the Marine Demosponge Aplysina cavernicola." Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28673.

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It has been discovered during the past few years that demosponges of the order Verongida such as Aplysina cavernicola exhibit chitin-based skeletons. Verongida sponges are well known to produce bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives. We could recently demonstrate that brominated compounds do not exclusively occur in the cellular matrix but also in the skeletons of the marine sponges Aplysina cavernicola and Ianthella basta. Our measurements imply that these yet unknown compounds are strongly, possibly covalently bound to the sponge skeletons. In the present work, we determined the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge A. cavernicola especially with respect to the presence of halogenated amino acids. The investigations of the skeletons before and after MeOH extraction confirmed that only a small amount of the brominated skeleton-bound compounds dissolves in MeOH. The main part of the brominated compounds is strongly attached to the skeletons but can be extracted for example by using Ba(OH)2. Various halogenated tyrosine derivatives were identified by GC-MS and LC-MS in these Ba(OH)2 extracts of the skeletons.
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4

Ueberlein, Susanne, Susanne Machill, Peter J. Schupp, and Eike Brunner. "Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-226958.

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Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. Moreover, Verongida sponges are well known to produce bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives. We recently demonstrated that brominated compounds do not only occur in the cellular matrix but also in the skeletons of the marine sponges Aplysina cavernicola and I. basta. Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. Seventeen proteinogenic and five non-proteinogenic amino acids were detected in I. basta. Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline show the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola and confirm the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers. We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part of I. basta skeletons. Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida.
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5

Fassini, D. "COORDINATED PHENOMENA IN THE MARINE DEMOSPONGE CHONDROSIA RENIFORMIS: PHYSIOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOMECHANICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/230753.

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Although sponges (phylum Porifera) are still often considered to be simple, inactive animals, both larvae and adults of different species show clear coordination phenomena triggered by both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. Moreover although sponges lack a nervous system, they show a range of behavioural responses that are affected by exogenously applied neuroactive compounds. Chondrosia reniformis (Nardo, 1847), a common Mediterranean demosponge, lacks both endogenous siliceous spicules and reinforcing spongin fibers and has a very conspicuous collagenous mesohyl mainly composed of collagen. This sponge can react to different stimuli by changing its tensile state: it can rapidly stiffen after mechanical or chemical stimulation or destiffen and, following accidental detachment of the substrate, produce long slender outgrowths. These phenomena involve different responses induced by different external events, but both have been attributed to alteration, under cellular control, of the interactions between the collagen fibrils of the mesohyl. The ability to regulate the viscoelastic properties of the connective tissue matrix is a well- investigated phenomenon in other animal phyla, particularly the Echinodermata in which the mechanical, morphological and molecular aspects of mutable collagenous tissues (MCTs) have been extensively analysed. The present work was intended to investigate the coordinated phenomena of the sponge C. reniformis with an integrated approach that includes: physiology, histology, biomechanics and biochemistry. We focused our attention on different aspects: namely, 1) the reaction to mechanical stimulation; 2) the mesohyl mechanical properties; 3) the possible presence of contraction/expansion events; 4) the role of γ-amino butyric acid and glutamate; 5) the presumptive factor(s) that regulates the sponge tensility. Our results demonstrate that the stiffening reaction that follows mechanical stimulation consists of a passive shrinkage and an active stiffening of the mesohyl given by modification of the ECM mechanical properties and possibly involving the contraction of the canal system. In fact our experiments reveal that the passive compression involves mainly the canal system and the volume recovery occurs when the stiffening effect fade. A significant tensility difference is present between undisturbed and stimulated sponges and evidences on the presence of signal transmission that requires a continuous exopinacoderm (outer epithelium) are reported. This thesis provides information on different mechanical parameters: namely, viscosity, stiffness, breaking strain and breaking stress. As far as recovery process is concerned we suggest that the sponge shape and volume recovery are given by the striking mechanical behaviour of its mesohyl that shows unusual elastic properties. By means of digital time lapses movie we confirm the presence and describe the pattern of contraction/expansion cycles occurring in C. reniformis. Contrary to other species our animal model does not display stereotypical contractions and lacks a clear contraction periodicity. Both glutamate (Glu) and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) are present in different cell phenotypes. Different experiments suggest that, despite the capability of the two substances to slightly increase sponge viscosity, both GABA and Glu seem to be not involved in the regulation of the stiffening phenomenon and in the recovery process that allows the sponge to return to its original shape and volume. On the other hand the two substances, as demonstrated in other sponges, are able to induce contraction events. There are no differences between the two molecules when comparing the contraction magnitude; however our biomechanical approach highlights significant differences in the forces generated during the contractions, in particular Glu generates higher force than GABA. We hypothesize that the two molecules act on different effectors that produced similar effects though different mechanisms. Finally we demonstrate that at least one protein is responsible of the stiffening of the sponge mesohyl by interacting with collagen fibrils.
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6

Erpenbeck, Dirk Johannes Gerhard. "On the phylogeny of halichondrid demosponges." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/75288.

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7

Peters, Kevin J. "The chemical ecology of Antarctic sponges." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/peters.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.<br>Additional advisors: Bill J. Baker, James B. McClintock, Donald D. Muccio, Robert W. Thacker. Description based on contents viewed June 3, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.
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8

Kunze, Kurt, Hendrik Niemann, Susanne Ueberlein, et al. "Brominated Skeletal Components of the Marine Demosponges, Aplysina cavernicola and Ianthella basta: Analytical and Biochemical Investigations." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127045.

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Demosponges possess a skeleton made of a composite material with various organic constituents and/or siliceous spicules. Chitin is an integral part of the skeleton of different sponges of the order Verongida. Moreover, sponges of the order Verongida, such as Aplysina cavernicola or Ianthella basta, are well-known for the biosynthesis of brominated tyrosine derivates, characteristic bioactive natural products. It has been unknown so far whether these compounds are exclusively present in the cellular matrix or whether they may also be incorporated into the chitin-based skeletons. In the present study, we therefore examined the skeletons of A. cavernicola and I. basta with respect to the presence of bromotyrosine metabolites. The chitin-based-skeletons isolated from these sponges indeed contain significant amounts of brominated compounds, which are not easily extractable from the skeletons by common solvents, such as MeOH, as shown by HPLC analyses in combination with NMR and IR spectroscopic measurements. Quantitative potentiometric analyses confirm that the skeleton-associated bromine mainly withstands the MeOH-based extraction. This observation suggests that the respective, but yet unidentified, brominated compounds are strongly bound to the sponge skeletons, possibly by covalent bonding. Moreover, gene fragments of halogenases suggested to be responsible for the incorporation of bromine into organic molecules could be amplified from DNA isolated from sponge samples enriched for sponge-associated bacteria.
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Schuster, Astrid [Verfasser], and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Erpenbeck. "Molecular paleobiology of 'lithistid' demosponges / Astrid Schuster ; Betreuer: Dirk Erpenbeck." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1151447412/34.

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Jones, Adam C. "Defensive synergy : the antipredatory role of glass spicules in Caribbean Demosponges /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/jonesa/adamjones.pdf.

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11

Lachance, Daniel. "The cytology of a Haliclona oculata (Demospongiae, Haplosclerida) /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63362.

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12

Carol. "Molecular and morphological systematics of heteroscleromorpha (Demospongiae : Porifera)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680371.

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Heteroscleromorpha with approximately 5000 species is the largest and most important group of Demospongiae in terms of number of species. The aim of this project was to reconstruct a robust phylogeny of Heteroscleromorpha using 28S rRNA and mitochondrial COI barcoding fragments. The phylogenies derived from the 28S and COI sequences were congruent but conflicted with the morphological classification of Systema Porifera (Hooper & van Soest, 2002). Fourteen well supported clades were recovered and formed the basis for a new hypothesis for relationships of taxa allocated to Heteroscleromorpha. At the time of publication this was the largest and most comprehensive study of Heteroscleromorpha. Several important taxonomic changes were proposed including the resurrection ofAxinellida for a clade containing Axinellidae, Raspailiidae and Stelligeridae. The decision to abandon Axinellida arid distribute its families among other orders was based on the more parsimonious assumption that an axially condensed skeleton had evolved independently in separate lineages in preference to the less parsimonious assumption that asters, acanthostyles and sigmata each evolved more than once. In an attempt to understand the underlying causes of the incongruence between the morphology based classification Systema Porifera and the molecular classification, the distribution of asters, acanthostyles, sigmata and axially condensed skeletons were mapped onto phylogenetic trees derived from combined full length 18S rRNA, partial 28S rRNA (03-08 region) and COI barcoding sequences. From their distribution on the tree it was demonstrated that asters, acanthostyles, sigmata and axially condensed architectures are all homoplasious characters. The family Stelligeridae was resurrected for a strongly supported clade containing Halicnemia spp. (currently classified as Heteroxyidae), Stelligera spp. and Paratimea spp. (both genera classified as Hemiasterellidae). The surprising discovery that taxa from such distant parts of the classification appeared to be closely related on the 28S, 18S and COI trees led to a more extensive investigation of Heteroxyidae and Hemiasterellidae. Several species assigned to Heteroxyidae (on the basis of the possession of smooth or acanthose microxea) and Hemiasterellidae (on the basis of the possession of smooth or partially microspined euasters) were shown to be more closely related to other heteroscleromorph families.
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Frisone, Viviana. "Eocene siliceous sponges (porifera: hexactinellida, demospongea) from eastern Lessini mountains (northen italy)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423786.

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2 case studies of Eocene siliceous sponges from Eastern Lessini Mountains are reported. Case study 1— Bartonian Mt. Duello isolated spicules (Verona). This study documents exceptionally preserved isolated opaline spicules, unique for the Middle Eocene (Bartonian) of Italy. Interpretation of morphological types of spicules by comparison with living species lead to their attribution to 5 orders (Astrophorida, Hadromerida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, “Lithistida”), 7 families (Geodiidae, Placospongiidae, Tethyidae, Petrosiidae, Acarnidae, ?Corallistidae, Theonellidae) and 5 genera (Geodia, Erylus, Placospongia, Chondrilla, Petrosia, ?Zyzzya ). All the described genera are first reported from the Eocene of Europe. This study expands the geographical range of these taxa and fills a chronological gap in their fossil record. The spicules are often fragmented and bear signs of corrosion. They show 2 types of preservation: glassy and translucent. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirms that both types are opal-CT with probable presence of original opal-A. Despite of that, at SEM, the texture of freshly broken surfaces is different. Milky spicules show a porous structure with incipient lepispheres. This feature, together with surface corrosion and the constant presence of the zeolite heulandite/clinoptilolite, point to a certain degree of diagenetic transformation. Macro and micro facies analysis define the sedimentary environment as a rocky shore succession, deepening upward within the photic zone. The spicule-rich sandy grainstone represents the deepest facies and was deposited in middle-outer carbonate ramp environment, in part in a fairly high energy environment close to storm wave base, within the photic zone. Case study 2 –Lutetian sponge fauna from Chiampo Valley (Vicenza). The fauna consists of non-compressed bodily preserved sponges. More than 900 specimens housed in Italian Museums were studied. The original siliceous skeleton is dissolved and substituted by calcite. There is evidence of presence of sulfate reducing bacteria. Observations of both complete specimens and thin sections lead to taxonomical attributions of 32 species (15 Hexactinellida, 17 Demospongea). Among these taxa, the institution of 10 new species is proposed: Stauractinella eocenica, Rigonia plicata, Hexactinella clampi, Camerospongia tuberculata, Camerospongia visentini, Toulminia italica, Coronispongia confossa, Cavispongia scarpae, Corallistes multiosculata, Bolidium bertii. 24 genera are described, 2 of which new (Rigonia and Coronispongia). The specimens were photographed before sectioning , and 3-D models of fossils were produced. Delicate sponge attachments were documented. The presence of both attachments to soft and hard substrate indicate a mixed bottom. Juvenile sponges were recorded too. The sponge fauna is presumably parautochthonous. The taxonomical study shears a new light on the scarce fossil record of Eocene siliceous sponges. Petrographic investigations of the sponges and the embedding sediment contributed to clarify the sequence of taphonomic events and the sedimentary environment<br>Sono riportati 2 casi studio di spugne silicee eoceniche dei Monti Lessini orientali. Caso di studio 1 — spicole isolate bartoniane del Monte Duello (Verona) Questo studio documenta la presenza di spicole isolate opaline, eccezionalmente conservate che costituiscono un unicum per l’Eocene (Bartoniano) dell’Italia. L’interpretazione della morfologia dei tipi di spicole tramite il confronto con specie viventi ha portato all’attribuzione a 5 ordini (Astrophorida, Hadromerida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, “Lithistida”), 7 famiglie (Geodiidae, Placospongiidae, Tethyidae, Petrosiidae, Acarnidae, ?Corallistidae, Theonellidae) and 5 generi (Geodia, Erylus, Placospongia, Chondrilla, Petrosia, ?Zyzzya ). Tutti i generi descritti sono segnalati per la prima volta per l’Eocene dell’Europa. Il presente studio espande il range geografico di questi taxa e riempie un gap cronologico nel loro record fossile. Le spicole sono spesso frammentate e portano segni di corrosione. Esse mostrano 2 tipi di conservazione: una vitrea e una lattea. Le analisi alla diffrazione delle polveri ai raggi X confermano che entrambi i tipi sono formati da opale-CT con la probabile presenza di opale-A. Malgrado ciò, al SEM, la struttura delle superfici rotte di fresco, è differente. Le spicole lattiginose hanno una struttura porosa con lepisfere incipienti. Questa caratteristica, assieme alla corrosione della superficie e la costante presenza della zeolite heulandite/clinoptilolite, suggerisce un certo grado di trasformazione diagenetica. Macro e micro analisi di facies definiscono l’ambiente sedimentario come una successione di costa rocciosa, deepening upward, all’interno della zona fotica. Il grainstone sabbioso ricco di spicole rappresenta la facies più profonda e si è depositato in un ambiente di rampa mediana-esterna, in un ambiente di energia piuttosto alta vicino alla base d’onda di cattivo tempo, all’interno della zona fotica. Caso studio 2— Fauna a spugne luteziano della Valle del Chiampo (Vicenza). La fauna consiste in spugne intere non compresse. Sono stati studiati più di 900 esemplari conservati in Musei italiani. Lo scheletro siliceo originale si è dissolto ed è stato sostituito da calcite. C’è evidenza della presenza di batteri solfo-riduttori. L’osservazione sia di esemplari completi sia di sezioni sottili ha portato all’attribuzione di 32 specie (15 Hexactinellida, 17 Demospongea). Tra queste, è proposta l’istituzione di 10 nuove specie: Stauractinella eocenica, Rigonia plicata, Hexactinella clampi, Camerospongia tuberculata, Camerospongia visentini, Toulminia italica, Coronispongia confossa, Cavispongia scarpae, Corallistes multiosculata, Bolidium bertii. Sono inoltre descritti 24 generi, 2 dei quali nuovi per la Scienza: Rigonia e Coronispongia. Gli esemplari sono stati fotografati prima di essere sezionati e sono stati prodotti modelli 3-D. Sono stati inoltre documentate delicate strutture di ancoraggio al substrato. La presenza di strutture di ancoraggio sia di substrato molle che di substrato duro indicano un fondale di tipo misto. Sono state pure documentate spugne allo stato giovanile. La fauna a spugne è presumibilmente parautoctona. Questo studio tassonomico porta nuova luce sullo scarso record fossile delle spugne eoceniche. Le ricerche petrografiche sugli esemplari di spugne e sul sedimento inglobante ha contribuito a chiarire la sequenza di eventi tafonomici e l’ambiente sedimentario
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14

Chombard, Catherine. "Les demospongiae à asters : phylogénie moléculaire et homologie morphologique." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MNHN0025.

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Avec le développement de la systématique moléculaire, il est maintenant possible de tester a posteriori des hypothèses sur l'homologie morphologique et les hypothèses évolutives qui en découlent. Les phylogénies moléculaires permettent de tester la classification. En positionnant les caractères non moléculaires sur ces phylogénies, il est donc possible d'inférer leur schéma évolutif et donc de réévaluer leur utilisation en systématique. La systématique des spongiaires s'est révélée particulièrement difficile de ses débuts, car ces organismes ne présentent qu'un faible nombre de caractères morphologiques et les hypothèses évolutives publiées depuis la fin du XIXème siècle sont presque entièrement subjectives. La systématique des spongiaires n'est donc pas encore phylogénétique. Une quarantaine d'espèces de demospongiae ont été séquencées pour un fragment de l'ADNr 28s. L’échantillonnage a été centre sur les demospongiae présentant le type spiculaire aster, la plupart appartenant soit à l'ordre des astrophorida, soit à celui des hadromerida. Ces taxons sont relativement riches en caractères morphologiques et certains de ces caractères ont pu être réévalues d'après les données moléculaires. À l'intérieur de l'ordre des astrophorida, les résultats moléculaires sont en contradiction avec la classification familiale et ne permettent pas de soutenir l'hypothèse de deux sous-ordres monophylétiques distingues par la présence exclusive de microscleres de type streptosclere et euaster respectivement. L’étude des Hadromerida montre en revanche une très bonne corrélation entre phylogénie moléculaire, systématique familiale et répartition des types d'asters. Trois genres de demospongiae a asters ne montrant aucune affinité avec les ordres étudies ci-dessus, ont nécessité d'être replaces dans une phylogénie générale des demospongiae. L’analyse de l'ensemble des séquences d'ARNr 28s disponibles pour les diploblastiques laisse supposer une émergence très ancienne de cinq groupes distincts de demospongiae, deux de ces groupes constituant des assemblages entièrement nouveaux et contenant chacun des demospongiae a asters. Ces résultats posent probablement les bases d'une future révolution dans la classification des demospongiae.
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Ray, Rocha Cantarelli Jerrana. "Esponjas (Porifera: Demospongiae) da Expedição Geomar I (Plataforma Norte e Nordeste do Brasil - 1969)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2003. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8884.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:03:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8329_1.pdf: 9507840 bytes, checksum: ba04ee1beb1c034baedaea35055ffd10 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003<br>A Expedição Oceanográfica GEOMAR I foi realizada no ano de 1969, com o objetivo de iniciar os estudos geológicos da Plataforma Continental do Brasil. A área de estudo compreendeu a plataforma continental brasileira que se estende desde a foz do Rio Parnaíba, na divisa dos estados do Piauí e Maranhão até a Ilha de Maracá, no litoral do Amapá. O material do presente estudo foi coletado durante a citada expedição em 16 estações pelo NOc. Almirante Saldanha através de dragagens, fixadas no local com formol a 4% e, em laboratório, conservadas em álcool a 70%. A taxonomia baseou-se no estudo das escleras e/ou fibras através da dissociação espicular e de preparação de cortes para observação da arquitetura esqueletal. Os 60 espécimes analisados encontram-se depositados na Coleção de Bentos do Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e duplicatas de alguns deles na Coleção de Poríferos Marinhos do Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul. Os táxons de Demospongiae são: HOMOSCLEROPHORIDA (Plakinidae) Plakinastrella onkodes Ulickza, 1929; SPIROPPHORIDA (Tetilidae) Cinachyrella sp. 1 e sp.2; Tetilla sp.; ASTROPHORIDA (Ancorinidae) Holoxea sp.; Tribrachium schmidtii Weltner, 1882; (Geodiidae) Erylus formosus Sollas, 1888; Erylus sp.; HADROMERIDA (Chondrillidae) Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862; (Suberitidae) Suberites sp.; (Tethyidae) Tethya sp.; POECILOSCLERIDA (Raspailiidae) Thrinachophora funiformis Ridley e Dendy, 1886; (Desmacellidae) Neofibularia sp.; (Mycalidae) Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita (Boury-Esnault, 1973); (Coelosphaeridae) Coelosphaera sp.; (Crambiidae) Monanchora sp.; (Myxillidae) sp.; HALICHONDRIDA (Axinellidae) Phakellia sp.; (Halichondriidae) Halichondria espécies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6; HAPLOSCLERIDA espécies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 e 7; (Chalinidae) Toxadocia sp.; (Phloeodictyidae) Oceanapia bartschi (De Laubenfels, 1934); Oceanapia espécies 1, 2, 3, e 4; (Niphatidae) espécies 1 e 2; DICTYOCERATIDA sp.; (Spongiidae) sp.; Hyatella cavernosa (Pallas, 1766); Aplysina fistularis fulva (Pallas, 1766); Aplysina sp. 1 e sp.2. São fornecidos dados sobre tipo de substrato e profundidade. Amplia-se a distribuição para a costa brasileira das espécies: Tribrachium schmidtii Weltner, 1882; Erylus formosus Sollas, 1888 e Hyatella cavernosa (Pallas, 1776) (para a costa do Pará) e dos gêneros Tetilla, Neofibularia e Toxadocia (para a região da Plataforma Norte e Nordeste); Holoxea, Suberites, Tethya e Phakellia (para a Plataforma Norte). Amplia-se também, a distribuição batimétrica para a espécie Chondrilla nucula Ulickza, 1929
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16

CAVALCANTI, Helcy Galindo Baracho. "TAXONOMIA DAS ESPONJAS MARINHAS DO LITORAL NORTE DE PERNAMBUCO." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10526.

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Submitted by Etelvina Domingos (etelvina.domingos@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-04T19:06:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Helcy Cavalcanti.pdf: 3642057 bytes, checksum: 4cd0f6192413e98bdcbb73569669e19d (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T19:06:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Helcy Cavalcanti.pdf: 3642057 bytes, checksum: 4cd0f6192413e98bdcbb73569669e19d (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013<br>FACEPE PROPESQ<br>Atualmente existem 8.354 espécies marinhas para o mundo, 390 espécies para o Brasil, sendo dessas 277 para a região Nordeste e 95 para o Estado de Pernambuco. Este trabalho teve como objetivos realizar o inventário de esponjas marinhas do Litoral Norte do Estado de Pernambuco e fornecer uma lista de espécies para este segmento da costa, o qual se encontra em um pobre estado de conhecimento acerca da sua diversidade devido à centralização de registros para a capital Recife. Entre o período de 2007 a 2011 foram coletados 198 espécimes, através de mergulho livre e autônomo (SCUBA), em 11 localidades e todo material foi tombado na Coleção de Porifera da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPEPOR). Para identificação dos espécimes foram utilizadas lâminas de dissociação espicular e de esqueleto ectossomal e coanossomal, além de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foram encontradas 31 espécies, sendo sete novos registros para Pernambuco, um novo registro para a América o Sul (Biemna caribea Pulitzer-Finali, 1986) e uma espécie nova (Placospongia sp.nov). Além disso foi realizada a redescrição de Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenaceae (Boury-Esnault, 1973), visto que a descrição original estava inadequada em relação a morfologia e detalhes do conjunto espicular.
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17

Spanu, Maria Caterina. "Diversità della fauna associata di Geodia cydonium (demospongiae: geodidae) in Mediterraneo." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3272/.

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È ormai noto che numerosi organismi marini, dalle alghe unicellulari ai pesci coabitino con diverse specie di spugne, con un rapporto che varia, secondo i casi, dal semplice inquilinismo facoltativo alle più complesse simbiosi obbligate. All’interno di molte spugne si trovano degli endobionti, alcuni organismi rappresentano degli ospiti puramente occasionali, altri manifestano una notevole costanza e l’esistenza in associazione alla spugna sembra rappresenti la norma. In Adriatico settentrionale, nell’area compresa tra Grado ed il delta del fiume Po, sono presenti degli affioramenti rocciosi organogeni carbonatici che prendono il nome di tegnùe. In questi affioramenti è stata riscontrata una grande varietà di specie macrobentoniche sia sessili che vagili. Tra queste specie, è presente con elevate abbondanze e grandi dimensioni, fuori dal comune, la spugna massiva Geodia cydonium, oggetto del nostro studio. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è di caratterizzare la diversità della fauna associata alla demospongia Geodia cydonium, cercando di mettere in evidenza l’importante ruolo ecologico legato proprio all’elevato numero di inquilini che ospita. Sono stati prelevati campioni di spugna, con la relativa fauna associata, da tre siti presenti all’interno della Zona di Tutela Biologica di Chioggia. Date le grandi dimensioni degli esemplari e per non danneggiare la popolazione naturale di questa rara specie protetta, sono stati prelevati in immersione delle porzioni di spugna, incidendo verticalmente gli esemplari. Nei campioni sono stati riscontrati 28 taxa, tra cui prevalgono per abbondanza i policheti come Ceratonereis costae e Sphaerosyllis bulbosa e piccoli crostacei come Apseudopsis acutifrons e Leptochelia savignyi. Per molte specie prevalgono individui giovanili rispetto agli adulti. L’abbondanza e la ricchezza dei popolamenti associati alla spugna non risultano variare ne tra i siti di campionamento ne in relazione alle dimensioni degli esemplari da cui provengono i campioni. Questo fa supporre che la spugna crei un ambiente ideale per alcune specie, almeno nelle fasi giovanili, creando così associazioni relativamente stabili, più di quanto non sia la naturale variabilità dei popolamenti circostanti. Queste relazioni meritano di essere approfondite, investigando i cicli vitali e i comportamenti delle singole specie.
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18

Kaye, Heather R. "Reproduction and bacterial symbiosis in Caribbean commercial sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida)." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75960.

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The genera Spongia and Hippospongia include all of the commercially important bath sponges of the Caribbean fishery. This study examined the uniform presence of immense symbiotic bacterial populations of four of these species: Hippospongia lachne, Spongia barbara, S. cheiris and S. graminea. The nutritional characteristics and antibiotic sensitivities of bacteria isolated from the four species were also examined. A combined light and transmission electron microscopic investigation outlined the reproductive processes and larval development, behaviour, settlement and metamorphosis in these four species.<br>Symbiotic bacteria in these four sponge species are specific to the sponges and different from ambient seawater bacteria. Populations of intercellular bacteria within the tissues of these sponges are greater than those of ambient seawater. A variety of morphologically different types of sponge specific bacteria were observed. The symbionts are not fastidious organism but utilize a variety of amino acids, carbohydrates and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates as sole carbon and energy sources for growth. The bacteria showed sensitivities to a variety of antibiotics but were not susceptible to fluid from the sponges.<br>These sponges are viviparous and probably dioecious. Egg production and larval development are localized in patches or "nurseries" of endosomal tissue. Statistical analyses of specific morphological characteristics of female reproductive elements have identified four specific stages in the process of oogenesis. Umbilici connect young and maturing embryos to the maternal mesohyl and are the pathway for extracellular transfer of intercellular symbiotic bacteria and other mesohyl substances. These bacteria were observed in the embryos and larvae of all four species. Oocytes and embryos develop asynchronously within a given individual. Spermatogenesis occurs synchronously within cysts by transformation of entire choanocyte chambers. Cysts develop asynchronously within an individual. Male gametes exhibit a bright yellow-white autofluorescence when excited with blue light (460-485 nm). Spermatozoa do not possess intermediate segments or acrosomes.<br>The incubated parenchymella larvae of these four species are ovoid with dark grey pigmentation and enlarged posterior regions encircled by a black pigmented ring of cells bearing long cilia. Laboratory behavioural studies indicate that free-swimming larvae display directional swimming with constant rotation and negative phototaxis. Larval behaviour probably reflects the ecological situation of adult populations. Larval settlement occurs 26-56 hours after release and involves the rapid formation of a basal lamella between the larvae and substrate. There is no evidence of substrate selection or orientation by larvae. Precocious development of choanocytes does not occur in the larvae or post-larvae of these four species.
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19

SANTOS, Joana Carolina Freire Sandes. "Taxonomia e distribuição de Demospongiae (porifera) na plataforma continental de Sergipe." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11860.

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Submitted by Romulus Lima (romulus.lima@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-10T19:52:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Joana Carolina Santos.pdf: 8217269 bytes, checksum: f239a6e642dbb3b8d5ecb9ebe5ea4f63 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-10T19:52:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Joana Carolina Santos.pdf: 8217269 bytes, checksum: f239a6e642dbb3b8d5ecb9ebe5ea4f63 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014<br>As esponjas são organismos que apresentam diversos tipos de associações com outros animais, apresentando um alto potencial econômico voltado para o monitoramento ambiental e principalmente para a extração dos seus compostos bioativos utilizados na confecção de fármacos. O Nordeste do Brasil possui a maior diversidade de poríferos com aproximadamente 270 espécies registradas. Porém, Sergipe ainda permanece relativamente pouco conhecido, com apenas 10 espécies de esponjas marinhas. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar uma lista das espécies de Demospongiae da plataforma continental de Sergipe, além de mapear a sua distribuição espacial na costa. As coletas foram realizadas no período de 2001 a 2003, onde foram amostradas 18 estações nas isóbatas de 10, 20 e 30 metros, dispostas em seis transectos perpendiculares a costa, através de redes de arrasto. Foram coletados 159 espécimes, resultando em um total de 39 espécies/morfotipos identificados. Destas espécies, 31 são novos registros para o Estado e 12 representam novas espécies para a ciência, sendo uma delas o primeiro registro do subgênero Hymedesmia (Stylopus) para o Atlântico Tropical Ocidental e outra o primeiro registro do gênero Smenospongia para o Brasil. Os poríferos ocorreram na metade das estações amostradas, estando a sua distribuição intrinsecamente relacionada ao tipo de substrato presente na costa. A maioria das espécies identificadas ocorreu em regiões de substrato composto por areia grossa e cascalho, afastadas da costa, enquanto que nas regiões de substrato lamoso ou de areia fina não houve esponjas, ocorrendo poucas exceções. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho ampliou para 41 o número de registros de espécies para Sergipe, contribuindo para o conhecimento sobre a espongiofauna sergipana e brasileira, visto que o estado representava uma lacuna biogeográfica no conhecimento acerca desses animais.
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20

Walters, Kyle D. "Wound healing in Caribbean sponges /." Electronic version (PDF), 2003. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2003/waltersk/kylewalters.html.

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Batista, Twiggy Cristina Alves. "Esponjas (Porifera, Demospongiae) indicadoras ambientais na APA Meandros do Rio Araguaia, Brasil." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1584.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseTCAB.pdf: 11495081 bytes, checksum: 958441d494ea70bdeda04026dc98087a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-09<br>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos<br>A first survey for freshwater sponges was carried out at the protected Amazonian area of Meandros do Rio Araguaia , at the Brazilian states of Tocantins, Mato Grosso and Goiás. The survey aimed to sample the largest number of different freshwater habitats from this Amazonian clear waters area. It was carried out at different GPS registered sampling stations, during high and low water periods. Water and sediments were also sampled at the same time aiming to relate sponge occurrences with the measured habitat parameters. For that purpose, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis were carried out over 12 habitat variables. The taxonomic analysis yielded the detection of the occurrence in this area of 21 freshwater sponge species, with the description of Heteromeyenia cristalina n. sp and the revision of the genus Heteromeyenia Potts, 1881, for South America. Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongilla gregaria, T. paulula, T. minuta, T. lanzamirandai, T. delicata, T. variabilis, T. pennsylvanica, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Acalle recurvata and Drulia browni indicated the seasonally flooded ponds and forest, Spongilla spoliata, Trochospongilla repens, Oncosclera navicella, O. spinifera and Drulia ctenosclera, indicated the rocky bottoms dwellers, Corvospongilla seckti and Oncosclera navicella were common to both habitats. Dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and organic matter were the variables which indicated species higher richness at the different habitats. The high water variables appeared as the most important ones, since they favor sponges distribution and production in this area.<br>Um primeiro levantamento de esponjas foi realizado na área amazônica protegida dos Meandros do Rio Araguaia, nos Estados brasileiros do Tocantins, Mato Grosso e Goiás. O levantamento visou a amostragem do maior numero de habitats dulcícolas diferentes existentes na área, que tem características de águas claras amazônicas e foi feito em distintas estações de amostragem georreferenciadas, nos períodos de águas altas e baixas. Foram feitas amostragens concomitantes da água e dos sedimentos, tendo em vista relacionar a ocorrência das esponjas com as variáveis ambientais. Para esse propósito foram realizadas Análises de Correspondência Canônica (CCA) e de Escalonamento Multidimensional (MDS) sobre as 12 variáveis ambientais medidas. Foram detectadas 21 espécies de esponjas dulcícolas na área, incluindo-se aí a descrição de Heteromeyenia cristalina n.sp e a revisão do gênero Heteromeyenia Potts, 1881 para o continente sul-americano. Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongilla gregaria, T. paulula, T. minuta, T. lanzamirandai, T. delicata, T. variabilis, T. pennsylvanica, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Acalle recurvata e Drulia browni apareceram como indicadoras de margens e lagos sazonalmente inundados, Spongilla spoliata, Trochospongilla repens, Oncosclera navicella, O. spinifera, Drulia ctenosclera, de ambientes rochosos de fundo e barrancas, enquanto Corvospongilla seckti e Oncosclera navicella foram comuns aos dois tipos de ambientes. Concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido, matéria orgânica e pH foram as variáveis que indicam as maiores riquezas de espécies nos diferentes habitats. As variáveis detectadas para águas altas surgem como as mais importantes, uma vez que são as que favorecem a distribuição e a produção de esponjas nesta área.
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Esteves, Eduardo Leal. "Taxonomia da subclasse Tetractinomorpha (Porifera, Demospongiae) do Arquipélago de Abrolhos, BA, Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11422/3032.

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Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2017-10-18T20:57:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 617855.pdf: 14573898 bytes, checksum: 5660dd6fdeb59ed8aa7bec482b675b4b (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T20:57:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 617855.pdf: 14573898 bytes, checksum: 5660dd6fdeb59ed8aa7bec482b675b4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10<br>CAPES<br>FAPERJ<br>FUJB<br>São descritas e ilustradas as esponjas da subclasse Tetractinomorpha do Arquipélago de Abrolhos, Bahia, que integra a maior e mais complexa região recifal do Atlântico Sul. Uma chave para a identificação das espécies de Tetractinomorpha do arquipélago também é fornecida. Foram identificadas 17 espécies de Tetractinomorpha para o arquipélago. Cinco espécies representam novas ocorrências para a costa da Bahia. Cliona delitrix Pang, 1973, Terpios fugax Duch. & Mich., 1864 e Timea stenosclera Hechtel, 1969 são novas ocorrências para a costa brasileira. Duas espécies são novas para a ciência: Stelletta anasteria sp. nov. e Terpios ignis sp. nov. Quatro espécies do gênero Tethya Lamarck, 1814 coletadas no arquipélago foram bem caracterizadas em outro trabalho, e por isto não são redescritas no presente estudo. O Arquipélago de Abrolhos apresenta uma rica fauna de Tetractinomorpha em relação às demais regiões recifais da costa brasileira, o que pode estar relacionado com a pequena exposição do local às águas costeiras ricas em sedimento em suspensão. A fauna de Tetractinomorpha do Arquipélago de Abrolhos apresenta grande afinidade com a caribenha, mas é apresentada por 35,2% de espécies endêmicas do local. A grande riqueza de espécies, o endemismo e a heterogeneidade da distribuição das espécies de Tetractinomorpha no Arquipélago de Abrolhos reforçam a necessidade de se proteger os recifes do local.<br>ln the present study are described and illustrated the sponges of the Subclass Tetractinomorpha from Abrolhos Archipelago, which integrates the largest and most complex reefal region of the South Atlantic. A key to the identification of the Tetractinomorph species from archipelago is also given. Seventeen species of Tetractinomorpha were identified for the archipelago. Five species are new records for the coast of Bahia. Cliona delitrix Pang, 1973, Terpios fugax Duch. & Mich., 1864 and Timea stenosclera Hechtel, 1969 are new occurrences for the Brazilian coast. Two species are new to science: Stelletta anasteria sp. nov. and Terpios ignis sp. nov. Four species of the genus Tethya Lamarck, 1814 collected on the archipelago are well characterized in another work and are not redescribed here. The Abrolhos Archipelago presents a rich Tetractinomorph fauna in relation to the remaining reefal regions of the Brazilian coast. The Tetractinomorph fauna from Abrolhos Archipelago presents a great affinity to the Caribbean one, but is represented by 35,2% of species that are endemic to the local. The great richness, the endemicity and the heterogeneous distribution of the Tetractinomorph species on the Abrolhos Archipelago reinforce the necessity to protect the local reefs.
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Santos, George. "Poecilosclerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) da Baia de Camamu e adjacências: Taxonomia e distribuição." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/12955.

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Submitted by Johnsson Rodrigo (r.johnsson@gmail.com) on 2013-09-06T02:36:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GEORGE_DEFINITIVO.pdf: 2581989 bytes, checksum: e29493def4373e9e7ecf5e110ddfa66d (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-09-16T19:58:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GEORGE_DEFINITIVO.pdf: 2581989 bytes, checksum: e29493def4373e9e7ecf5e110ddfa66d (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-16T19:58:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GEORGE_DEFINITIVO.pdf: 2581989 bytes, checksum: e29493def4373e9e7ecf5e110ddfa66d (MD5)<br>CAPES<br>A Ordem Poecilosclerida é a mais diversa dentre as Demospongiae, contendo 25 famílias, 129 gêneros e 50 subgêneros reconhecidos, e vários milhares de espécies descritas em todo o mundo, distribuídos da zona entre-marés às profundidades abissais. Para o estado da Bahia já foram registradas 137 espécies de esponjas marinhas, sendo 24 pertencentes à Ordem Poecilosclerida. O presente estudo, versando sobre a diversidade de Poecilosclerida da Baía de Camamu e adjacências, reveste-se de importância por esta possuir até o momento apenas o registro de duas espécies, uma de Spirophorida, Craniella quirimure Peixinho et al., 2005, e uma de Astrophorida, Thrombus kittoni (Carter, 1874). Este trabalho objetivou identificar espécimes coletados na região da Baía de Camamu e adjacências, no mínimo até o nível de gênero, realizar estudo qualitativo inédito para a área em substrato consolidado, como fundos rochosos e recifes coralinos, realizando estudo taxonômico com ênfase em novas espécies, novos registros para a costa brasileira, da Bahia ou para a área de estudo, além da redescrição de espécies comuns na área, analisando nesses casos a variabilidade morfológica intra-específica através de estudo comparativo com amostras de províncias e/ou ecorregiões contíguas à da região de estudo. As amostras foram coletadas em diferentes períodos entre os anos de 2003 e 2009, em profundidades variando de 1,7 a 28 m e as coletas foram realizadas por rede de arrasto, por mergulho livre ou autônomo. Um total de 28 táxons foram identificados, compreendendo três subordens e 11 famílias: Acarnidae, Chondropsidae, Desmacididae, Coelosphaeridae, Desmacellidae, Hymedesmiidae, Microcionidae, Mycalidae, Myxillidae, Raspailiidae e Tedaniidae, das quais são descritas três novas espécies organizadas em dois capítulos/artigos: Strongylacidon oxychaetum sp. nov., Strongylacidon solangeae sp. nov. e Acarnus bahianum sp. nov., além de uma quarta não proveniente da área de estudo, S. chelospinata sp. nov., descrita para o Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, PE. Um terceiro capítulo, contendo redescrições de nove espécies - Cyamon vickersi, Desmapsamma anchorata, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita, Mycale (Aegogropila) americana, Mycale (Aegogropila) escarlatei, Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, e trazendo uma tabela com três táxons identificados em nível especifico (Clathria (Microciona) campecheae, Echinodictyum dendroides e Acanthancora coralliophila) e 14 em nível genérico (C. (Microciona) sp.1, C. (Microciona) sp.2, C. (Microciona) sp.3, Clathria sp.1, Clathria sp.2, Clathria sp.3, Desmacella sp., Eurypon sp., Raspailia sp., Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) sp., Myxilla sp., Biemna sp. Chaetodoryx sp. e Acanthanchora sp.) que constituem, provavelmente, novas espécies de poríferos, e dois gêneros, Acanthanchora e Chaetodoryx tendo seu primeiro registro para a costa brasileira neste estudo. Dentre as famílias encontradas, Mycalidae foi a mais diversa, com seis espécies. A maioria dos táxons identificados em nível específico e as três novas espécies descritas para a região de Camamu e seu entorno exibem afinidade, em primeiro grau, com a fauna do Caribe, e em segundo, com estoques do Atlântico Oriental e Índico.<br>Salvador
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24

Riesgo, Gil Ana. "Sexual Reproduction in Demosponges: Ecological and Evolutive Implications / Reproducción sexual en demosponjas: implicaciones ecológicas y evolutivas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/845.

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The reproductive biology of poriferans is still poorly understood. We have investigated the sexual reproductive biology of seven demosponge species, six of them from the Mediterranean (<I>Corticium candelabrum, Crambe crambe, Raspaciona aculeata, Axinella damicornis, Chondrosia reniformis</I>, and <I>Petrosia ficiformis</I>), and one from the Pacific coast of Canada (<I>Asbestopluma occidentalis</I>). The thesis consists of a general introduction, 7 different chapters and a general discussion.<br/>Chapter 1. It is well established that in temperate regions invertebrates restrict their reproductive cycles to the warm periods. The sexual cycle of <I>A. damicornis, C. candelabrum, C. reniformis</I>, and <I>R. aculeata</I> is very different in timing and duration, despite all of them shared habitat and thermal regime. While the gametogenesis of <I>R. aculeata</I> and <I>C. reniformis</I> underwent during summer and autumn (warm periods in the Mediterranean), the gametogenesis of <I>C. candelabrum</I> and <I>A. damicornis</I> occurred during winter. Therefore, the relationship between gametogenesis and temperature in temperate waters was not straightforward, and many different relationships appeared.<br/>Chapter 2. The oogenesis of <I>C. candelabrum</I> resulted in a surprising long process, with continuous production of oocytes. However, the oocyte maturation extended for 7/8 months during autumn and winter. Spermatogenesis occurred during 4 or 5 at the end of the oocyte maturation (spring and summer). Spermatozoans were primitive but possessed a true C-shaped acrosome. <br/>Chapter 3. The gametogenesis of the oviparous demosponge <I>P. ficiformis</I> occurred during autumn and early winter. Large oocytes and round primitive spermatozoans with proacrosomal vesicles were released to the water on December. Recently fertilised eggs were placed in Petri dishes. Since no free-swimming larva was observed, the development in this demosponge was suggested to be direct.<br/>Chapter 4. The reproduction of the carnivorous sponge <I>A. occidentalis</I> was studied under light and electron microscopy. It was a contemporaneous hermaphroditic sponge with clusters of oocytes and very complex spermatic cysts. The fertilisation mechanism was unusual for the <I>phylum Porifera</I>, and shared many similarities with the feeding mechanism of this carnivorous sponge.<br/>Chapter 5. The spermatogenesis of the common Mediterranean demosponge <I>C. crambe</I> was investigated by light and electron microscopy. The mature spermatozoan was a extremely modified cell, with the body bent at the level of the flagellum insertion, a true acrosome, and a striated rootlet that connected the basal body to the mitochondrion. In addition, such modifications resembled to the sperm morphology of a phoronid, in a well example of adaptive convergence. <br/>Chapter 6. The oogenesis in <I>A. damicornis</I> and <I>R. aculeata</I> was very similar, except for the duration. While it extended for 5 months in <I>R. aculeata, A. damicornis</I> required 7 months to complete it. The differences resided in the vitellogenesis. Yolk was almost exclusively auto-synthesized in <I>A. damicornis</I> from digestion of bacteria. However, in <I>R. aculeata</I> the process shortened because of the help of nurse cells in creation of yolk. <br/>Chapter 7. Unspawned sperm and precursors of sperm cells were phagocytosed by motile phagocytic cells in the spermatic cysts of <I>P. ficiformis</I> and <I>R. aculeata</I>. <br/>All these features observed for the first time in demosponges revealed that sponges contain many complex features and are capable of complex processes that are usually regarded to higher invertebrates and vertebrates.
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Garate, Amenabarro Leyre. "Growth and dynamics of Hemimycale columella (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) and the relationship with its microbial symbionts = Crecimiento y dinámica de Hemimycale columella (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) y la relación con sus simbiontes microbianos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456478.

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El estudio se centra la filogenia, biología y ecología de la demosponja Hemimycale columella y su simbiosis con una bacteria calcificadora (calcibacteria). Posteriormente se incorporaron otras especies para entender tanto la filogenia de H. columella como la relevancia de esta simbiosis en las demosponjas. Para confirmar si las diferencias biológicas observadas entre poblaciones de H. columella se debían a la presencia de dos especies morfológicamente crípticas, se realizaron análisis filogenéticos. Los resultados demostraron la presencia de dos especies crípticas. La nueva especie se ha descrito bajo el nombre de Hemimycale mediterránea. Se estudió el ciclo de vida y supervivencia de ambas especies y se caracterizaron las principales variables tróficas de sus hábitats. H. mediterranea tiene un ciclo anual, y sus tasas de crecimiento son mas altas en verano. H. columella presenta un ciclo de vida multianual con tasas de crecimiento mayores en los meses fríos. La diferente biología de especies crípticas pone de manifiesto la importancia de una correcta identificación taxonómica para una adecuada política de conservación de los ecosistemas bentónicos. La potencial acumulación de la calcibacteria en la periferia de H. columella se estudió mediante el diseño de una sonda especifica, experimentos de CARD-FISH, microscopía de epifluorescencia y confocal y análisis utrastructurales. Demostramos que la calcibacteria forma un tipo de exoesqueleto en H. columella, con clara función antidepredadora (probado experimentalmente en el laboratorio y en el mar). Para conocer la afiliación taxónomica y distribución geográfica de esta particular simbiosis, se analizaron los microbiomas de siete especies de esponjas de mares templados y cálidos que presentaban esférulas calcáreas como las observadas en H. columella, mediante secuenciación masiva. Se probó que las calcibacterias están presentes en otras especies de esponjas, corales y en el agua de mar de diferentes latitudes, lo que refuerza la hipótesis de la posible implicación bacteriana en la formación de algunos esqueletos en los metazoos primitivos. La calcibacteria identificada en H. columella pertenece al grupo SAR116 (clase Alpha-proteobacteria). Sin embargo la calcibacteria de la nueva especie H. mediterranea, parece pertenecer a la clase Beta-proteobacteria lo que sugiere que existen otras bacterias calcificadoras filogenéticamente distantes.<br>The study mainly focuses on the phylogeny, biology, and ecology of Hemimycale columella, a common Atlanto-Mediterranean sponge, and its symbiosis with a calcifying bacterium (calcibacteria), which results in the formation of abundant calcareous spherules. Posteriorly, additional sponge species were incorporated to the study to better understand the H. columella phylogeny and the potential relevance of its particular symbiosis across demosponges. To assess whether some observed differences between populations of H. columella were due to the existence of two morphologically cryptic species, we performed phylogenetic analyses of individuals collected across the Mediterranean Sea with several molecular markers. The results demonstrated the presence of two cryptic species among what was considered to be H. columella. The new species was described as Hemimycale mediterranea. We studied the life history, growth rates, and survival of the two species and characterised simultaneously the environmental variables at the respective species habitats. H. mediterranea had an annual cycle and its growth rates were the highest in summer. H. columella showed a multiannual span with the highest growth rates in cold months. The possible contrasting biological traits of cryptic species highlight the relevance of correct species identification to an adequate management and conservation of benthic ecosystems. Furthermore, the distribution and accumulation of calcibacteria in H. columella tissues was studied by designing a specific probe, performing CARD-FISH experiments, and observing hybridization through epifluorescence and confocal microscopes. Ultrastructure analyses through Scanning and Transmission Electron microscopes helped to localise and understand the symbiosis. The calcibacterium accumulated at the sponge periphery forming a kind of exoskeleton that protected the sponge from potential predators, as proved by field and laboratory experiments. To determine the taxonomic affiliation of the symbiotic bacteria and their geographical and taxonomical distribution across demosponges, we analysed the microbiomes of seven sponge species that harbour calcareous spherules similar to those of H. columella from warm and temperate seas. We demonstrated that calcibacteria were also present in sponge species others than H. columella, besides in two corals and seawater. The wide distribution of this symbiosis reinforces the hypothesis of a purported implication of bacteria in the skeletonization of some Early Metazoa. At least seven calcibacteria OTUs were identified forming a well-supported clade within the SAR116 group in the Alpha-proteobacteria Class. However, any of these OTUs was present in the species H. mediterranea, although it also harboured a huge amount of calcareous spherules, similar to those of H. columella. The calcibacterium of the new species H. mediterranea seems to belong to the Beta-proteobacteria Class, what indicates that other phylogentically apart bacteria living within sponges may also be able to calcify.
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26

Sidri, Marzia. "Chondrilla nucula (Porifera, Demospongiae) an example of successful plasticity ; ecological and morphological aspects /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973452501.

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Jesus, Anaira. "Taxonomia e distribuição de Halichondrida (Porifera, Demospongiae) da Baía de Camamu e adjacências." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/12595.

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Submitted by ramon soares (ramonaraujo@ufba.br) on 2013-08-05T19:38:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anaira Lage - Dissertação Halichondrida - VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 2640295 bytes, checksum: 5eb6126b7fd4687ea36196f37cdc09a9 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Vilma Conceição(vilmagc@ufba.br) on 2013-08-16T16:27:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Anaira Lage - Dissertação Halichondrida - VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 2640295 bytes, checksum: 5eb6126b7fd4687ea36196f37cdc09a9 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-16T16:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anaira Lage - Dissertação Halichondrida - VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 2640295 bytes, checksum: 5eb6126b7fd4687ea36196f37cdc09a9 (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB)<br>A ordem Halichondrida possui cerca de 690 espécies válidas descritas, distribuídas em seis famílias, sendo Halichondriidae e Axinellidae as mais diversificadas e representativas. Na costa brasileira são encontradas cinco das seis famílias pertencentes à ordem, abrangendo 15 gêneros e 26 espécies. Para o litoral da Bahia são conhecidas oito espécies, com ocorrência registrada, geralmente, para a região da Baía de Todos-os-Santos e seu entorno. Apenas uma espécie da ordem tem registro para a Baía de Camamu até o momento: Dragmacidon reticulatum (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o estudo taxonômico da ordem Halichondrida de águas rasas da Baía de Camamu e adjacências, com ênfase na identificação e descrição de novas espécies e/ou novos registros para a área de estudo, para costa brasileira ou da Bahia; redescrições de espécies comuns para a área; comparações com espécies identificadas na área de estudo com as demais espécies registradas para a ordem no Brasil ou em outros países do Atlântico Tropical Ocidental; e ampliação da distribuição geográfica e batimétrica das espécies identificadas por consequência de coletas em distintos ecossistemas da área de estudo. As amostras foram coletadas entre os anos de 2007 e 2012, por mergulho autônomo (SCUBA), entre 6 e 23 metros de profundidade. Foram encontradas três famílias e nove espécies da ordem Halichondrida para a Baía de Camamu e adjacências. Cinco novas espécies são descritas: Phycopsis styloxeata sp. nov.; Ciocalapata minuspiculifera sp. nov.; Dragmacidon nigra sp. nov.; Dragmacidon reptans sp. nov. e Dragmacidon porosum sp. nov.. Os gêneros Ciocalapata e Phycopsis têm seu primeiro registro para a costa brasileira, sendo o segundo também primeiro registro para o Atlântico Sul Ocidental. A espécie Scopalina hispida teve seu registro validado para a costa brasileira; e as espécies Ptilocaulis walpersii e Topsentia ophiraphidites são registradas pela primeira vez para a região da Baía de Camamu. Dentre as três famílias encontradas, Axinellidae foi a mais diversa, com seis espécies. Os resultados obtidos indicam o alto potencial da área de estudo para a descoberta de novas espécies de Porifera<br>Salvador
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28

Gautret, Pascale. "Recherche sur les modalites de la biomineralisation carbonatee chez les demosponges actuelles et fossiles. Implications phylogenetiques et paleobiologiques." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112085.

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La classification des spongiaires fossiles a subi de tres profondes transformations apres la decouverte de demosponges actuelles produisant a la fois des spicules siliceux et un squelette calcifie. Ces especes calcifiees actuelles fournissent la possibilite d'etablir un systeme de classification, valable egalement pour les fossiles. L'etude des differents types de biomineralisation carbonatee realisee chez les especes reliques, par l'analyse des dispositions microstructurales de leurs phases minerales, et par l'analyse biochimique de leurs phases organiques associees, permet d'etablir une bonne correlation entre les caracteristiques du squelette calcaire et les autres caracteres biologiques, justifiant l'utilisation taxonomique des criteres microstructuraux. L'identite de certains processus de biomineralisation chez des formes anciennes du paleozoique ou du mesozoique, et des formes actuelles a egalement ete demontree, renouvelant completement les schemas classiques de l'evolution des demosponges depuis des periodes tres anciennes. Il s'avere en outre que les processus de biomineralisation developpes par ces spongiaires sont fortement influences par les conditions oceanologiques: lorsque celles-ci sont defavorables, certaines lignees cessent de produire des structures carbonatees et se trouvent absentes de la documentation fossile. Elles y reapparaissent, strictement identiques, des que ces conditions se modifient a nouveau
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Hoffmann, Friederike. "Microbial sulfate reduction in the tissue of the cold water sponge Geodia barretti (Tetractinellida, Demospongiae)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971876134.

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Blumenberg, Martin. "Biomarker aus Kaltwasser- und Tiefseekieselschwämmen Phylogenie, Chemotaxonomie und chemische Ökologie der Demospongiae und der Hexactinellida /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967767318.

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31

Gomes, Bruno Cosme da Silva. "Filogenia de Mycalina Hajdu, van Soest & Hooper, 1994 (Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae): dados morfológicos e moleculares." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5888.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro<br>principalmente pelo baixo grau de complexidade de especialização, escassez de caracteres distintivos e a elevada plasticidade morfológica. A partir do século XIX emergiram classificações mais robustas. O que conhecemos hoje como Ordem Poecilosclerida só começou a ser delineado pela iniciativa de Zittel (1878) com o reconhecimento de Monaxonida, ou seja, reconhecimento de um padrão de simetria nas categorias de espículas. Ridley e Dendy (1887) apresentaram uma nova classificação para as esponjas do grupo Monaxonida utilizada por Topsent (1894) para criação da Familia Poeciloscleridae, eregida a ordem por este último autor em 1928, enfatizando a presença das quelas como microscleras. Posteriormente, van Soest (1984) e Bergquist e Fromont (1988) empreenderam discussões dessa classificação com base em uma perspectiva filogenética. Uma classificação robusta e de consenso só foi conseguida a partir dos trabalhos de Hajdu e colaboradores (1994a, 1994b) e Hajdu (1994, 1995), com o estabelecimento das Subordens: Mycalina, Myxillina e Microcionina. Apesar disso, as relações internas das famílias da Subordem Mycalina permaneciam com dúvidas, principalmente no tocante à inclusão de Podospongiidae, Isodictyidae, e a relação de Poecilosclerida com a Ordem Haplosclerida. Neste trabalho foi proposto a revisão da classificação da Subordem Mycalina com base em dados morfológicos e moleculares. Foram feitas análises filogenéticas em três níveis taxonômicos, espécie, gênero e família, com base em dados morfológicos. Além disso, foi feita uma análise filogenética molecular utilizando sequências parciais da subunidade maior do RNA ribossomal (LSU do RNAr). As amostras de Mycalina foram amplificadas via PCR e posteriormente sequenciadas. Com base nestes resultados foi concluído que: as Familias Cladorhizidae, Guitarridae, Mycalidae e Hamacanthidae são monofiléticas. Para esta última foi confirmada a série de transformação sigmancistra > cirtancistra > diâncistra > clavidisco. A posição da Familia Podospongiidae dentro de Mycalina está bem corroborada, porém, precisa ser melhor estudada com dados moleculares para determinar, ou não, o seu monofiletismo. A Familia Esperiopsidae precisa ser melhor estudada com base em dados morfológicos e o gênero Amphilectus precisa ser revisado, provavelmente uma parte deste estaria melhor alocado em Haplosclerida junto com Isodictyidae. A Familia Desmacellidae não é monofilética, bem como Biemna e Neofibularia, provavelmente, não são Poecilosclerida e deveriam ser transferidas para uma posição próxima de Tetractinellida. Desmacella provavelmente é uma Mycalina com posição basal na Subordem. Os demais gêneros precisam ser estudados com base em dados moleculares. A Ordem Haplosclerida provavelmente é o grupo irmão de Poecilosclerida e a série de transformação sigmas > quelas foi confirmada com base em dados morfológicos e moleculares. A Subordem Mycalina não é monofilética como definida em Hajdu e van Soest (2002a). Palavras-chave: Sistemática. Porifera. Evolução.<br>At Phylum Porifera the proposition of classificatory schemes is troublesome, especially by the morphological low level complexity of specialization, paucity of distinctive characters and high plasticity. More robust classifications emerged since the XIXth. century. Poecilosclerida Order only began to be outlined by the initiative of Zittel (1878) with the recognition of "Monaxonida", i.e., a recognition of symmetry pattern in spicules categories. Ridley and Dendy (1887) presented a new classification of the sponges of the group "Monaxonida." Topsent (1894) created the Poeciloscleridae Family, and latter (1928) erected to Order, by emphasizing the presence of chelae as microscleras. Posteriorly, van Soest (1984) and Bergquist and Fromont (1988) undertook a discussion of this classification based on a phylogenetic perspective. A robust classification and consensus was not achieved before from the works of Hajdu et al. (1994a, 1994b) and Hajdu (1994, 1995), with the establishment of the Suborders: Mycalina, Myxillina and Microcionina. Nevertheless, the internal relationship of Mycalina Suborders families remained in doubt, especially regarding the inclusion of Podospongiidae, Isodictyidae, and the relationship between Poecilosclerida and Order Haplosclerida. In this study, we proposed the revision of the classification of Mycalina Suborder based on morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analysis was performed in three taxonomic levels, Species, Genus and Family, based on morphological data. The molecular phylogenetic analysis was made using partial sequences of Large Subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA). Samples of Mycalina were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Based of these, I concluded that: Families Cladorhizidae, Guitarridae, Mycalidae and Hamacanthidae are monophyletic. For this last, the transformation series, sigmancistra>cyrtancistra> diancistra>clavidisc, was confirmed. The position of Family Podospongiidae within Mycalina was well supported, but need to be studied with molecular data to determine monophyletic status. Family Esperiopsidae needs to be further studied based on morphological data; and Amphilectus Genus needs to be revised, probably it is splited and would be transfered to Order Haplosclerida together with Family Isodictyidae. Family Desmacellidae is not monophyletic, Biemna and Neofibularia are probably not Poecilosclerida and should be transferred to a position close to Tetractinellida. Desmacella is probably a true Mycalina with a basal position in the Suborder. The other genera need to be studied with molecular data. Order Haplosclerida is probably the sister group of Poecilosclerida; the series of transformation sigma>chela was established based on morphological and molecular data. Suborder Mycalina is not monophyletic as defined in Hajdu and van Soest (2002a).
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Campos, Maurício Alves de. "Riqueza de espécies de poríferos (Porifera, Demospongiae) coletados pelo Programa Antártico Brasileiro - PROANTAR (1983-1991)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10952.

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Estudos com o Filo Porifera na Antártica apresentam uma grande quantidade de registros, a partir das diversas expedições já realizadas. Neste continente, onde as esponjas ocorrem em abundância significativa, existem algumas áreas ainda não completamente estudadas, como as Ilhas Shetland do Sul e áreas vizinhas, onde se concentra a área pesquisada, objeto do presente trabalho. O Brasil, país atuante em pesquisas antárticas, possibilita através de seu Programa Antártico Brasileiro (PROANTAR) o desenvolvimento de diversos tipos de pesquisas. O presente estudo tem por objetivo o estudo taxonômico das amostras coletadas pelo PROANTAR, bem como ampliar a diagnose das espécies identificadas com ilustrações completas e fotomicrografias ao MEV. As Demospongiae foram coletadas nas Ilhas Shetland do Sul (Ilha Low, Ilha Livingston, Ilha Rei George e Ilha Elephant), Ilha Joinville e Estreito de Bransfield, entre as latitudes de 61°02’-63°44’ S e as longitudes de 54°16’-62°31’ W, em profundidades de 20 a 460 metros, por meio de dragas e mergulho autônomo.O material estudado encontra-se depositado na Coleção de Porifera do Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, e o estudo taxonômico foi realizado com base na morfologia externa, arquitetura do esqueleto e forma e tamanho das escleras, estas últimas fotografadas ao Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura. Os 86 espécimes estudados correspondem a 17 famílias, 26 gêneros e 40 espécies. Constituem se em novos registros para: as Ilhas Shetland do Sul – Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870, Iotrochotidae Dendy, 1922, Tethyopsis Stewart, 1870, Acanthorhabdus Burton, 1929, Iotroata Ridley, 1884, Tethyopsis longispinum (Lendenfeld, 1907), Suberites montiniger Carter, 1880 sensu Topsent, 1915, Acanthorhabdus fragilis Burton, 1929, Iophonterranovae Calcinai & Pansini, 2000, Iotroata somovi (Koltun, 1964), Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) mariana Ridley & Dendy, 1886, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni Hentschel, 1914 e Latrunculia (Latrunculia) brevis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886); para a Antártica – Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) laevis Thiele, 1905, Halichondria (Eumastia) attenuata (Topsent, 1915) e Haliclona (Soestella) chilensis (Thiele, 1905). Em relação à distribuição batimétrica, 10 espécies (25%) apresentam novos limites a partir dos dados registrados. São comentados os padrões de distribuição detectados. É adicionada uma listagem das espécies de Demospongiae conhecidas até o presente para o Complexo Antártico Faunístico.<br>Studies with Phyllum Porifera in Antarctica present a great amount of records, from the several until then carried through expeditions. In this continent, where the sponges occur in significant abundance, there are some not yet completely studied areas, like the South Shetland Islands and neighboring areas, where is concentrated the researched area, object of the present work. Brazil, operating country in Antarctic research, makes possible through its Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR) the development of several kinds of research. The aim of the present work is the taxonomic study of the samples collected by PROANTAR, as well as to extend the diagnosis of the identified species with complete illustrations and SEM photomicrographs. The Demospongiae were collected at South Shetland Islands (Low Island, Livingston I., King George I. e Elephant I.), Joinville Island and Bransfield Strait, between latitudes of 61°02’-63°44’ S and longitudes of 54°16’-62°31’ W, in depths from 20 to 460 meters, by means of dredges and scuba diving.The studied material is deposited in Porifera Collection of Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, and the taxonomic study was carried out based on the external morphology, skeletal architecture and size and shape of the spicules, which were undertaken by Scanning Electronic Microscope. The 86 studied specimens are represented by 17 families, 26 genera and 40 species. New records: South Shetland Islands – Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870, Iotrochotidae Dendy, 1922, Tethyopsis Stewart, 1870, Acanthorhabdus Burton, 1929, Iotroata Ridley, 1884, Tethyopsis longispinum (Lendenfeld, 1907), Suberites montiniger Carter, 1880 sensu Topsent, 1915, Acanthorhabdus fragilis Burton, 1929, Iophon terranovae Calcinai & Pansini, 2000, Iotroata somovi (Koltun, 1964), Myxilla(Ectyomyxilla) mariana Ridley & Dendy, 1886, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni Hentschel, 1914 and Latrunculia (Latrunculia) brevis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886); for Antarctica – Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) laevis Thiele, 1905, Halichondria (Eumastia) attenuata (Topsent, 1915) and Haliclona (Soestella) chilensis (Thiele, 1905). In regard to bathymetric distribution, 10 species (25%) present new limits from the registered data. The detected distribution patterns are commented. A list of the Demospongiae species known until the present for the Antarctic Faunistic Complex is added.
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33

Lopes, Ueslei. "Estudo morfológico e molecular de Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815 (Astrophorida, Geodiidae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/13069.

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Submitted by Johnsson Rodrigo (r.johnsson@gmail.com) on 2013-09-02T12:00:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 UESLEI.pdf: 2544719 bytes, checksum: 7b1f27c224c9b43ce55b5caf8f0d7c3f (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-09-26T18:22:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 UESLEI.pdf: 2544719 bytes, checksum: 7b1f27c224c9b43ce55b5caf8f0d7c3f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-26T18:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 UESLEI.pdf: 2544719 bytes, checksum: 7b1f27c224c9b43ce55b5caf8f0d7c3f (MD5)<br>CNPq<br>Geodia gibberosa é uma das espécies que apresentam as maiores distribuições geográfica e batimétrica em comparação com suas congêneres. Com variações significativas na morfologia externa e no conjunto espicular, é considerada uma espécie com alto grau de polimorfismo e, muitas vezes, de difícil identificação. Tais características têm levado diversos pesquisadores a questionar os limites de sua variabilidade e a levantar hipóteses acerca da existência de espécies crípticas. Com o presente estudo, se objetivou avaliar o status taxonômico dessa espécie, aliando informações de morfologia e de biologia molecular, a qual empregou a utilização dos marcadores mitocondriais COI (subunidade I da citocromo c oxidase) e ATP6 (subunidade 6 da ATP sintase). Embora tenham sido observadas variações na morfologia das espículas e registradas categorias de megaescleras nunca vistas no holótipo, não foi possível encontrar nenhum padrão que possibilitasse a separação de G. gibberosa em espécies morfologicamente distintas. Contudo, através das ferramentas moleculares, foi determinada a existência de, pelo menos, três clados fortemente suportados, possibilitando a aceitação da hipótese de que G. gibberosa representa um complexo de espécies. Acrescido a isso, no presente trabalho, é descrita uma nova espécie de Geodia para a costa da Venezuela, com a apresentação de uma chave taxonômica para as 12 espécies nominais agora válidas que ocorrem no Caribe, e registrada a primeira ocorrência de Pachymatisma johnstonia para o oceano Atlântico ocidental.<br>Salvador
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34

Lisi, Francesca. "Struttura e dinamica di popolazione di Axinella polypoides (Schmidt, 1862) (Porifera, Demospongiae) presso l’Isola Gallinara (SV)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3271/.

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I poriferi rappresentano un importante campo di ricerca anche in ambito applicativo in quanto potenzialmente utili come fonte di metaboliti secondari da impiegarsi in ambito clinico (antitumorali, antibiotici, antivirali, ecc.) e industriale (antifouling). I processi di biosilicificazione interessano invece per aspetti legati alle biotecnologie marine. Questo Phylum ha un importante ruolo strutturale e funzionale nell’ecologia dei popolamenti bentonici, in quanto può essere dominante in numerosi habitat e svolgere un ruolo ecologico fondamentale nelle dinamiche degli ecosistemi marini. Per questo, la variazione spaziale e temporale della loro abbondanza può avere effetti considerevoli su altri membri della comunità. Lo studio delle dinamiche di popolazione e del ciclo riproduttivo dei poriferi potrebbe permettere di valutare come i cambiamenti climatici ne influenzino la crescita e la riproduzione e potrebbe quindi fornire una base per lo sviluppo di corrette tecniche di gestione ambientale. La spugna Axinella polypoides è inserita all’interno delle liste di protezione della Convenzione di Berna e di Barcellona, dove sono elencate le specie da proteggere perché minacciate o in pericolo di estinzione. Questa specie, avendo una morfologia eretta, è fortemente minacciata soprattutto da attività antropiche quali pesca e ancoraggi, ma nonostante questo la letteratura relativa ad essa è scarsa, La sua importanza è legata soprattutto al recente utilizzo come modello per numerosi esperimenti. A. polypoides rappresenta, infatti, il più basso livello nella scala evolutiva in cui sono stati rinvenuti meccanismi biochimici cellulari di reazione all’aumento di temperatura (incremento dell’attività ADP-ribosil ciclasica, sintesi di ossido nitrico) tipici degli organismi superiori. Lo scopo di questa tesi è di aumentare le conoscenze sull’ecologia e sulla biologia di questo porifero, al fine di consentire una migliore predisposizione di eventuali piani di tutela. Dallo studio delle colonie effettuato presso l’Isola Gallinara (SV), emerge una dinamica di crescita lenta ed un ciclo riproduttivo estivo, coerentemente con quanto osservato per altre specie mediterranee del genere Axinella. Le analisi istologiche effettuate hanno mostrato variabilità temporale nella densità e nella dimensione di particolari cellule sferulose, che si ipotizza siano collegate a fenomeni di proliferazione cellulare e rigenerazione in seguito a danni. È stata individuata inoltre la presenza di una particolare tipologia cellulare dendritica la cui funzione si ritiene abbia affinità con le funzioni sensoriali di Phyla superiori. Queste osservazioni, e l’evidente vulnerabilità della specie agli impatti antropici, hanno evidenziato la necessità di sviluppare adeguati piani di monitoraggio e di conservazione.
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Paula, Thiago Silva de. "O Complexo Cliona celata Grant, 1826 (Porifera, Demospongiae) na América do Sul: uma abordagem molecular e morfológica." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2414.

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Este trabalho visou a averiguação do status taxonômico das esponjas bioerosivas do complexo Cliona celata da América do Sul por meio de técnicas moleculares, utilizando como marcadores a subunidade I da Citocromo c oxidase (cox1) e os Espaçadores Internos Transcritos do RNAr nuclear (ITS1 e ITS2), além de testar outros marcadores. Igualmente, avaliou o grau de variabilidade morfológica encontrado nessas espécies, principalmente por meio da morfometria dos tilóstilos, a fim de estabelecer uma diagnose para elas. Ainda, tentou determinar as relações filogenéticas dessas espécies com as demais esponjas bioerosivas utilizando o gene 28S do RNAr nuclear. Foi possível determinar a existência de cinco clados de esponjas bioerosivas do complexo Cliona celata para a América do Sul, e dois outros clados não-sulamericanos, por meio dos marcadores moleculares utilizados. Embora seja discutida a validade desses clados como espécies distintas, continua impossível, por meio de caracteres morfológicos, distingui-los, e dessa forma, a proposição formal de novas espécies é evitada. Através da reconstrução filogenética do grupo, é possível verificar que as esponjas bioerosivas analisadas se apresentaram como um grupo monofilético, e se separa em três principais clados: Pione, Spirastrellidae, e Clionaidae. Por meio desta, é sugerida a alocação das espécies do complexo C. viridis e C. schimidti dentro de Spirastrella, além de ser necessária a criação de um novo gênero para alocar as espécies do novo complexo identificado aqui, o complexo C. delitrix.<br>This work intended the validation of the taxonomic status of boring sponges from the Cliona celata complex of South America by molecular techniques, using Cytochrome coxidase, subunit I (cox1), and Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of rRNA nuclear genes as molecular markers. Additionally, the degree of morphological variation necessary to establisha correct diagnosis for the studied species was evaluated, and additional markers were tested. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis comparing this species with other boring sponges, using the 28S rRNA nuclear gene was carried out. It was possible to point out the existence of five clades of boring sponges from the C. celata complex in South America, and two more from Mexico and Australia. Although these clades can comprise new valide species, no morphological evidence was found to separate them, and thus, no formal species descriptions were presented. Through out phylogenetic analyses it was possible to conclude that boring sponges form a monophyletic group, which can be separated in three clades: Pione, Spirastrellidae, and Clionaidae. This work suggests to allocate C. viridis and C. schimidti species complexes inside Spirastrella, and to create a new genus for the new C. delitrix species complex.
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Sidri, Marzia. "Chondrilla nucula (Porifera, Demospongiae) an example of successful an example of successful plasticity; ecological and morphological aspects /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11612019.

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Fernandez, Julio. "Filogenia e uma biogeografia integrada de Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 (Demospongiae, Spirophorida, Tetillidae): transito em mão dupla no traço peri-Africano." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2011. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/14381.

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Submitted by Johnsson Rodrigo (r.johnsson@gmail.com) on 2013-09-06T10:59:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIO_FERNANDEZ_DEFINITIVA.pdf: 4981781 bytes, checksum: d76010a82a5d4c22604a9c56c4e9efa4 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Vilma Conceição (vilmagc@ufba.br) on 2014-01-20T14:04:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIO_FERNANDEZ_DEFINITIVA.pdf: 4981781 bytes, checksum: d76010a82a5d4c22604a9c56c4e9efa4 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-20T14:04:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIO_FERNANDEZ_DEFINITIVA.pdf: 4981781 bytes, checksum: d76010a82a5d4c22604a9c56c4e9efa4 (MD5)<br>FAPESB, CAPES<br>A recente descrição de espécies de Acanthotetilla da Indonésia e do Brasil motivou uma análise filogenética e biogeográfica deste táxon, para descobrir se uma origem no Atlântico ou no Indo-Pacífico é a mais provável, e então descobrir se uma rota Tetiana ou pelo sul da África teria sido seguida. Uma matriz de dados foi construída a partir de caracteres morfológicos e analisada no programa PAUP* usando algorítimo de parcimônia. A árvore resultante tem alto ‘Bootstrap’, como uma conseqüência da maior taxa de estados de caracteres morfológicos por unidade taxonômica operacional (OTU) jamais conseguida entre as filogenias de poríferos. Os resultados mostram províncias do Indo-Pacífico central basais para todo o clado, e então províncias do Indo-Pacífico ocidental basais em relação às províncias do Atlântico tropical ocidental do mesmo clado, sugerindo inequivocamente colonização dessas últimas a partir das primeiras, tendo provavelmente seguido uma rota pelo sul da África. É sugerido aqui que isto pode ter sido realizado através de “rafting” nos anéis da Corrente das Agulhas. A análise de Dispersão-Vicariância postulou um evento de dispersão recente com recolonização das Seychelles a partir o Atlântico Ocidental. Esta relação de áreas irmãs é apoiada por duas sinapomorfias e dois caracteres homoplásticos, e tem 98% de “Bootstrap”. O mapa Panbiogeográfico para Acanthotetilla também indica origem no Indo-Pacífico ocidental das espécies do Atlântico tropical ocidental. Uma comparação adicional com 10 filogenias de esponjas não recuperou nenhum padrão prevalecente para as relações das principais áreas utilizadas na presente análise, mas foram identificados dois táxons com provável origem no Indo-Pacífico central (Thrinacophora, Placospongia), e um com uma origem no Indo-Pacífico ocidental do clado Atlântico tropical ocidental (Petromica).<br>Salvador
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38

Vieiralves, Thomáz. "Distinção de espécies de Amphimedon Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (Niphatidae, Haplosclerida, Demospongiae) da costa brasileira por estudos de diversidade genética e morfológica." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11422/3045.

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Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2017-10-18T22:14:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 618387.pdf: 5097477 bytes, checksum: b8518d78d9bd177997c0fd650714809f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T22:14:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 618387.pdf: 5097477 bytes, checksum: b8518d78d9bd177997c0fd650714809f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004<br>PETROBRAS<br>A taxonomia de Amphimedon é complicada devido à sua ampla distribuição e abundância de morfotipos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as espécies de Amphimedon da costa brasileira pelo estudo combinado de técnicas morfológicas e de polimorfismos do DNA. Foram utilizadas amostras provenientes da coleção do Museu Nacional (MN-UFRJ) de Amphimedon viridis, A. compressa e A. aff. compressa. O DNA genômico foi extraído e as regiões dos espaçadores internos transcritos (ITS-1 e ITS-2) dos genes que codificam para o RNA ribossomal (RNAr) nuclear foram amplificados. Após a amplificação, as amostras foram submetidas à técnica do polimorfismo de Conformação de Fita Simples (SSCP). Os resultados apresentados apoiam a ideia de que A. aff. compressa inclui espécies distintas quando utilizamos a regiões de ITS1 como caracter molecular. Do mesmo modo, estes resultados indicam a possibilidade das Amphimedon viridis da região Nordeste e Sudeste serem coespecíficas, ocorrendo homogeneamente ao longo da costa brasileira. Nossos resultados permitiram a diferenciação das espécies de Amphimedon pela técnica conjugada de PCR-SSCP, demonstrando a viabilidade deste método na distinção de espécies de esponjas marinhas.<br>The taxonomy of Amphimedon is complicated due to its wide distribution and abundance of morphotypes. The objective of this work was to characterize the species of Amphimedon from the Brazilian Coast by the combined study of morphology and DNA polymorphisms. The samples utilized were derived from the collections of Museu Nacional (MNRJ, and comprised Amphimedon viridis, A. compressa e A. aff. compressa. The genomic DNA was extracted and the regions of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) coding for nuclear ribossomal RNA were amplified. After amplifications, samples were subjected to the Single Strand Conformation Polimorphism (SSCP) technique. The individuals of Amphimedon viridis show a similar ITS 1 migration pattern, even when coming from distant collecting localities on the Brazilian Coast. The results presented support the idea that A. aff. compressa comprises distinct species when we utilize ITS 1 regions as a molecular character. In the same way, these results indicate the possibility that A. viridis from the northeastern and southeastern Brazilian regions are conspecific, occurring homogeneously along the Brazilian coast. Our results enabled the differentiation of Amphimedon species through the combined PCR-SSCP technique, showing the potential use of this method for the distinction of species of marine sponges.
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Mostardeiro, Carolina Coimbra. "Diversidade e dinâmica de comunidades de esponjas (porifera, demospongiae) em sistemas de arroz irrigado na planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2008. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2298.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T16:19:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 25<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>As áreas úmidas são ecossistemas importantes para a conservação, devido à alta diversidade que sustentam. No estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, o cultivo de arroz irrigado á uma das principais ameaças para as áreas úmidas. Entretanto, muitos autores têm considerado os arrozais como ecossistemas manejados pelo homem, e que eles podem contribuir para a conservação da biodiversidade. As esponjas continentais são importantes componentes das comunidades biológicas em áreas úmidas da Planície Costeira do RS. O principal objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a dinâmica de poríferos em arrozais e canais de irrigação da Planície Costeira do (RS) durante um ciclo de cultivo anual. Seis lavouras de arroz e quatro canais de irrigação tiveram seus sedimentos amostrados para contagem de gêmulas, em seis coletas representativas das quatro principais fases de um ciclo de cultivo de arroz. Foram detectadas as espécies Heteromeyenia insignis, Corvoheteromeyenia australis, Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Troch<br>Wetlands are important ecosystems for conservation, due to the rich biodiversiy they support. In Southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul state), irrigated rice cultivation is one of the main threats for wetlands. However, many authors have considered rice fields as man-managed ecosystems, and that they can contribute for biodiversity conservation. Freshwater sponges are important components of the biological communities in Rio Grande do Sul coastal wetlands. The main goal of this survey was to study the dynamics of Porifera assemblages in rice fields and irrigation canals at Rio Grande do Sul Coastal Plain along an annual cycle. Six rice fields and four irrigation canals were surveyed for gemmules on their sediments, on six sampling moments, representative of the four mains phases of a rice cultivation cycle. The species Heteromeyenia insignis, Corvoheteromeyenia australis, Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongilla paulula, Radiospongilla amazonensis and Racekiela sheilae were detected. Six spec
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40

Mercado, Molina Alex E. "Population ecology of the demosponge Amphimedon compressa /." 2007. http://grad.uprm.edu/tesis/mercadomolina.pdf.

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41

Adams, Emily. "Physiology and morphology of epithelia in the freshwater demosponge, Spongilla lacustris." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1411.

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Epithelia form protective barriers and regulate molecule transport between the mesenchyme and environment. Amongst all metazoans, only sponges are said to lack 'true' epithelia however the physiology of sponge cell layers are rarely studied empirically. Aggregates and gemmules of a freshwater demosponge, Spongilla lacustris, were used to grow confluent tissue over permeable culture wells which are required for transepithelial recordings. The transepithelial potential (TEP) of S. lacustris was slightly negative (-3mV), indicating possible control of ion transport. Transepithelial resistance (TER) was recorded between 1-2 k cm2, the same order of magnitude as many vertebrate epithelia. Cultures with high resistance blocked the passage of the small tracer molecules 14C-PEG, 3H-Inulin and ruthenium red. Pinacocytes were spatially stable over time and epithelial layers were morphologically similar in freshwater and marine species. These results suggest that sponge cell layers are able to control solute and ion transport, the physiological attributes of functional epithelia.<br>Physiology, Cell and Development Biology
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Ruiz, Santiesteban Juan Antonio. "DNA Methylation in the Demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica is Involved in Genome Evolution and Transcription." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/630102.

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DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism with roles that range from the fine tuning of transcription to genome wide dynamic acclimation to changing environments and regulation of developmental processes. While recent work has confirmed the presence and regulatory functions of DNA methylation in non-bilaterians, its role and distribution in Porifera has never been addressed. In this study, we performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica and show that DNA methylation occurs mostly in CpG dinucleotides of coding regions. While high levels of gene-body methylation correlate positively with high expression and co-occur with the histone modification H3K36me3, they are not associated with amelioration of spurious transcription as found in other metazoans; nonetheless, per-exon methylation levels are predictive for exon retention suggesting a role in mRNA splicing. Additionally, analyses of Amphimedon and other sponges genomic data consistently revealed biased dinucleotide frequencies that suggest a long history of methylation-driven CpG conversion. Despite a genome wide loss of CpG dinucleotides, these are positively selected in exons and in methylated genes. These results indicate DNA methylation as a component of early metazoans regulome and challenge hypothesis on CpG methylation acting as a means for codon usage optimization.
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Glasby, Belinda Alvarez de. "The phylogenetic relationships of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae)." Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145987.

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Kelly-Borges, Michelle. "The Order Hadromerida (Porifera: Demospongiae), taxonomy and relationships of the major families." 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1994.

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Despite advances of recent years no stable higher order classification of the Porifera has yet emerged. To address this problem, relationships at various taxonomic levels within the Order Hadromerida have been evaluated. Descriptions of new species of. Tethya, Aaptos and Polymastia from northern New Zealand are given in conjunction with a review and redefinition of specific diagnostic characters for these genera. A range of species, genera and families within the Hadromerida have been subjected to 18S rRNA sequencing. Using morphological and molecular sequence data together in phylogenetic analysis, the existing familial groups of the Hadromerida are confirmed and some rearrangement of genera is indicated following sequence alignment and comparison. These data serve as a baseline for molecular approaches to resolving relationships between other sponge groups.<br>Thesis now published as papers. Whole document restricted at the request of the author, but available by individual request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Hoffmann, Friederike. "Microbial sulfate reduction in the tissue of the cold-water sponge Geodia barretti (Tetractinellida, Demospongiea)." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B312-8.

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Hsiao, Sheng-Tai, and 蕭聖代. "Genomic Analyses of the Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of the Sponge, Cinachyrella australiensis (Demospongiae: Spirophorida)." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33372115863989530347.

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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>海洋資源學系研究所<br>93<br>Sponges (Porifera) are the most primitive multicellular animals that are highly diverse and complex associated with other organisms, microbes especially. Recently, sponges have received a lot of attention as they are a rich source of nature products with antiviral, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. Sponges play such important roles in so many marine habitats but little is known about their diversity, biology and ecology as compared with most other animal groups. Moreover, due to limited information provided based on morphology, other method of classification is need. Mitochondrial DNA sequence may fulfill such purpose. The complete nucleotide sequence (19444 bp) of the mt genome of the Cinachyrella australiensis (Demospongiae: Spirophorida) was determined. The genome contains the two rRNA, 24 tRNA and 14 protein-coding genes. We found that poriferan mtDNAs resemble those of other animals in their compact organization, and a well-conserved animal-like gene order. However, this molecule has several unique features: the ATP 9 gene is the first found to be present in the mt genome of multicellular animals, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene include a group I intron, and encode bacteria-like tRNA. The results represent that the evolution of metazoan mtDNA has been a multistep process to the reduction of tRNA and the introduction of multiple changes of the translation code.
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47

Yang, Ya-wen, and 楊雅文. "Distribution and transmission of the symbiont bacteria in the buds of the sponge, Cinachyrella australiensis (Demospongiae: spirophorida)." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rg64q4.

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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>海洋生物科技暨資源學系研究所<br>95<br>The sponge Cinachyrella australiensis (Demospongiae: Spirophorida) is widely distributed in Indian ocean, West Pacific ocean, and Australian waters. It also can be found in the intertidal pools of Wun-Li-Ton in southern Taiwan. The sponge can propagate asexually by budding. According to the previous studies, this sponge was suspected to be symbiotic with sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria. How the generation do obtain this symbiont is still unknow. In this study, PCR was used to amplify the DNA extracted from buds and sponges to obtained the 16S rDNAs. A total of 20 clones from each bud and mature sponge samples were randomly selected and sequenced. The results indicated that the major symbiotic bacteria constitute 65% of the clones derived form the mature sponge and 15% from the buds. The dominant symbionts contain RubisCO gene and are related to the sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria, associated with the tube worms of the deep sea hydrothermal vents. The location of the sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria was observed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). It was found that the sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria were intracellular symbiosis within the cells of cortex, archaeocytes of mesoglial, and bud. Similar results were also observed at the junction of a developing bud and mature sponge. Apparently, the symbionts are transmitted from sponge to bud vertically. Furthermore, in this study, we also found several other intracelluar symbionts besides the major symbiotic bacterium,some of them are autotrophic in nature.
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48

Lin, Ying-Ya, and 林應雅. "Study of the Diversity of Endosymbiotic Bacteria in the Demospongiae Sponge Cinachyrella australiensis by Resin Sectioning Technique." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84317756863259416307.

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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>海洋生物科技暨資源學系研究所<br>101<br>Symbioses between chemoautotrophic bacteria and invertebrates are widespread in marine environments. Many jellyfishes, corals, and sponges often contain bacterial symbionts. Sponges are by far the simplest multicellular animals, which have been shown to harbor dense and diverse microbial communities within the intercellular matrix. The previous studies indicated that the 16S rRNA sequence of one dominant bacteria (85%) associated with sponge, Cinachyrella australiensis, has remarkable similarity (86.65%) with the symbiotic chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel, Solemya reidi. The aim of this study is to investigate the ultrastructure and localization of the symbiotic bacteria in the C. australiensis by utilizing fluorescence in situ hybridization and immuno-gold labeling. Various morphological symbiotic bacteria in the C. australiensis were observed by electronicmicroscopical method (TEM). The specific probes designed based on 16S rRNA and RuBisCO gene were chosen to identify the localization of this chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria within the mesoglial cell. The fluorescent and TEM image data demonstrated that the location of the chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria is within amoeboid archaeocytes in the mesohyl, suggest that the presence of this symbiotic bacteria is stable .
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Sidri, Marzia [Verfasser]. "Chondrilla nucula (Porifera, Demospongiae) : an example of successful plasticity ; ecological and morphological aspects / vorgelegt von Marzia Sidri." 2005. http://d-nb.info/973452501/34.

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50

Carvalho, Francisca Maria Correia de. "Diversity, distribution and phylogenetic relationships of rock sponges (Porifera, "Lithistid" demospongiae) of the Macaronesian islands and northeast seamounts." Master's thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/71488.

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