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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Demotic Papyri

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Academic literature on the topic 'Demotic Papyri'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Demotic Papyri"

1

Huyse, Philip. "‘Analecta Iranica’ Aus Den Demotischen Dokumenten Von Nord-Saqqara." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 78, no. 1 (October 1992): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339207800123.

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Martin, Cary J. "A Demotic land Lease from Philadelphia: P. BM 10560." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 72, no. 1 (August 1986): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751338607200113.

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Publication of P. BM 10560, a land lease from Philadelphia, dated to 190 bc. The commentary examines a number of issues relating to demotic instruments of lease, as well as providing a survey of the demotic papyri from Philadelphia. The text is unique among demotic leases in that it contains declarations by both parties and then a joint statement. This raises the question of who would have kept the text, and the author's conclusions point to the 'rbṱ, the Greek σνγγραϕoϕύλαξ, whose presence in native sources is confined to Philadelphia and Akoris.

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Richter, Tonio Sebastian. "Die koptischen Papyri aus dem „Ankauf aus Edfû (Apollinopolis magna) vom Jahre 1911“ der Jenaer Papyrussammlung (P.Ien. Inv. 446–453)." Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 65, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 156–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apf-2019-0009.

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Abstract The Jena papyrus collection contains eight Coptic items (P.Ien. Inv. 446-453) belonging to a larger assemblage of Greek, Demotic, Coptic and Arabic papyri (P.Ien. Inv. 259-472) which Fritz Uebel described as „the Edfu purchase of the year 1911“. Uebel took the provable provenance from Edfu of a number of Ptolemaic Greek papyri to hold for the assemblage as a whole. Of five less fragmentary Coptic papyri from this assemblage published in this article, three at least are unlikely to come from Edfu. The Coptic part of the „Edfu purchase of the year 1911“ thus challenges Uebel’s generalising conclusion.

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Dietrich, Charlotte, and Elena L. Hertel. "Zwei demotische Papyri aus Soknopaiu Nesos in der Sammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Utrecht." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 149, no. 2 (October 27, 2022): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0005.

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Summary This article is the first edition of two papyri with demotic script (pUtrecht, University Library, Demotic Ms. B6.7a and d+e, shortened pUtrecht, Dem. Ms. B6.7a and pUtrecht, Dem. Ms. B6.7d+e), which today are part of the collection of the University Library in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Due to palaeography and content, the fragments’ origin can be traced back to Soknopaiou Nesos. Both texts are of documentary content; one is concerned with the sale of a house share, the other is a receipt of a transaction involving wheat.

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Smith, Mark, and Paul John Frandsen. "The Carlsberg Papyri, I: Demotic Texts from the Collection." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 80 (1994): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3821884.

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Cruz-Uribe, Eugene, and Paul John Frandsen. "The Carlsberg Papyri, I: Demotic Texts from the Collection." Journal of the American Oriental Society 115, no. 3 (July 1995): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/606281.

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Martin, Cary J. "Book Review: Demotic Papyri and Ostraca from Qasr Ibrim." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 93, no. 1 (January 2007): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751330709300121.

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Danker, Frederick W., and Hans Dieter Betz. "The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation, including the Demotic Spells." Journal of Biblical Literature 107, no. 2 (June 1988): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3267729.

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Ray, J. D. "Book Review: Catalogue of Demotic Papyri in the British Museum." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 76, no. 1 (August 1990): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339007600150.

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Smith, Mark. "Book Review: The Carlsberg Papyri, I: Demotic Texts from the Collection." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 80, no. 1 (December 1994): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339408000139.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Demotic Papyri"

1

Donker, van Heel Koenraad. "Abnormal hieratic and early demotic texts collected by the Theban Choachytes in the reign of Amasis : papyri from the Louvre Eisenlohr lot /." Online version, 1996. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/31485.

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Uggetti, Lorenzo. "Les archives bilingues de Totoès et de Tatéhathyris." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP008/document.

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Dans les ruines d'une maison proche du temple ptolémaïque de Deir al-Medina, sur la rive gauche de Thèbes, la Mission Archéologique Italienne dirigée par Ernesto Schiaparelli découvrit en février 1905 deux jarres encore scellées, desquelles on retira 33 rouleaux. Ils décelèrent 44 papyrus en écriture démotique, 8 en grec et 4 bilingues ; de plus, parmi les bandelettes de lin qui les enveloppaient, 5 étaient inscrites. Au total, 61 documents constituaient les archives familiales d'un prêtre attaché à ce temple, nommé Totoès fils de Zmanrès, et de son épouse Tatéhathyris. Le lot complet fut envoyé au Musée Égyptien de Turin, dont Schiaparelli était le directeur. Les textes grecs furent publiés en 1929, alors que l'édition des papyrus démotiques ne vit le jour qu'en 1967. Six d'entre eux furent republiés entre 1978 et 1985, tandis que quatre autres furent examinés à nouveau en 1997 dans une étude sur l'affermage à l'époque ptolémaïque. La plupart des documents sont des actes légaux et comportent donc des protocoles de datation mentionnant les différents souverains qui ont régné en Haute Égypte tout au long du IIe siècle avant notre ère. Le plus ancien, daté de 194, compte parmi les rares attestations du pharaon rebelle Chaonnophris ; les trois plus récents, datés entre 101 et 100, non seulement sont les premiers à révéler le décès de Cléopâtre III, mais sont aussi les seuls à témoigner de la corégence de Ptolémée X Alexandre Ier, de sa femme Cléopâtre Bérénice III, et de l'héritier Alexandre II, le futur Ptolémée XI. Les contrats sont de nature très variée. La plupart concernent la vente ou la location de jours de service liturgique, qui donnaient droit à une part proportionnelle des revenus des différents temples de la rive gauche thébaine. Ils représentaient une partie importante du patrimoine de ces prêtres : une donation issue de ces archives montre en effet qu'ils pouvaient être transmis de père en fils. D'autres actes mentionnent l'affermage de champs, l'achat d'immeubles, le prêt de céréales ou d'argent ; deux documents se rapportent à une forme de bail difficile à déchiffrer, un autre à un échange d'animaux. Le droit de la famille est représenté par cinq contrats de mariage et un de divorce ; un dernier fait état de frais d'enterrement. La thèse a pour objet la réédition intégrale de ces documents, y compris les jarres qui les contenaient. L'accès direct aux papyrus originaux conservés à Turin, ainsi qu'aux archives de leur mise au jour et de leur publication, a permis de détecter deux fragments inédits, de retrouver les numéros d'inventaire des papyrus grecs, de reconstituer les circonstances exactes de leur découverte et de retracer les rouleaux d'origine, pour la plupart des textes. L'étude philologique a établi des correspondances entre démotique et grec pour de nombreux noms de personnes et de lieux, a amélioré la lecture et mené à une nouvelle interprétation de certains textes. Deux actes et deux serments ont notamment révélé la dévolution des fonctions de mandataire de la déesse Hathor d'un père à ses trois fils, avec le consentement du clergé du temple de Deir al-Medina. Les modalités de partage de l'héritage paternel entre Tatéhathyris et son frère Pikos, où Totoès a joué un rôle d'intermédiaire, ont également été mieux saisies. Une étude paléographique menée, pour la première fois, sur l'ensemble du corpus a conduit à reconnaître la main de certains scribes auxquels ont été attribués certains papyrus, tandis que d'autres textes ont été réassignés. L'analyse des protocoles a dévoilé également une pratique locale visant à les raccourcir de manière arbitraire. Enfin, l'analyse des données prosopographiques et topographiques a mené à dresser un arbre généalogique de plusieurs générations de la famille de Totoès et de Tatéhathyris, ainsi qu'un portrait plus fidèle tantôt de la population, tantôt de lieux de culte, terrains et bâtiments de la ville de Djémê, les Memnoneïa grecs
In a house in ruins near the Ptolemaic temple of Deir al-Medina, on the Theban West Bank, the Italian Archaeological Mission (MAI), leaded by Ernesto Schiaparelli, discovered in February 1905 two sealed jars, containing 33 rolls. They revealed 44 papyri in Demotic writing, 8 in Greek and 4 bilinguals; among the linen bands wrapping them, 5 were inscribed. Altogether, these 61 documents formed the family archive of a priest attached to this temple, named Totoes son of Zmanres, and of his wife Tatehathyris. The whole was sent to the Egyptian Museum in Turin, of which Schiaparelli was the director. The Greek texts were published in 1929, whereas the edition of the Demotic papyri appeared only in 1967. Later, six of them were republished between 1978 and 1985, while four were re-examined in 1997 in a study on field leasing in the Ptolemaic period. Most of these documents are legal acts and can be dated with the help of their protocols, which name several sovereigns ruling Upper Egypt during the 2nd century BCE. The oldest one, dated 194, is counted among the rare attestations of the rebel pharaoh Chaonnophris; the three most recent ones, between 101 and 100, are the only ones giving evidence of a coregency between Ptolemy X Alexander I, his wife Cleopatra Berenice III and the heir Alexander II, the future Ptolemy XI. Moreover, they are the first evidences concerning the death of Cleopatra III. The contracts are of different types. Most of them deal with the sale or the rent of days of liturgical service in many temples on the Theban West Bank, and of their related salaries. They were an important part of the capital of these priests: a deed of covenant from this archive shows that they could have been transferred from father to son. Other legal acts concern field leasing, real estate purchases, wheat or money loans: in particular, two documents relate to a form of lease not easy to understand, another one to an exchange of animals. Family law is represented by five marriage contracts and one divorce; one last text deals with funeral expenses. The dissertation focuses on the new edition of all the documents, including the jars containing them. Direct access to the originals in Turin, as well as to archival records concerning their discovery and publication, have allowed the identification of two unpublished fragments and of the inventory numbers of the Greek papyri, the reconstruction of the exact circumstances of the finding and the assignation of the most part of the texts to their rolls of origin. The philological study has established connections between Demotic and Greek for a lot of personal and place names, has improved readings and has led to new interpretations for some texts. Notably, two legal acts and two temple oaths have revealed the transfer of the duties as agent of the goddess Hathor from a father to his three sons, with the consent of the temple clergy of Deir al-Medina. Moreover, the way of sharing their father's inheritance between Tatehathyris and her brother Pikos, with the action of Totoes as intermediary, is now better understandable. The attention paid to the scribes from a palaeographical point of view permitted to ascribe for the first time or to assign some papyri to their author and to unveil the arbitrary scribal practice of cutting protocols. Finally, the analysis of the prosopographical and topographical data has led to a family tree over many generations of the family of Totoes and Tatehathyris, as well as to a more precise picture on the one hand of the local community, and on the other hand of some religious and civilian buildings and fields in the village of Djeme, called Memnoneia in Greek

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Naether, Franziska. "Griechisch-Ägyptische Magie nach den Papyri Graecae et Demoticae Magicae." 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23450.

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URZI', ELENA. "Combattere il sovrannaturale, tra farmaco e rito: un nuovo approccio nell’interpretazione dei papiri medici di Nuovo Regno." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1353555.

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Lo studio della medicina egizia e dei testi relativi a questa disciplina è stato affrontato, nel corso del tempo, seguendo due direttive principali: filologica e medica. Questi due criteri di studio analizzano in maniera molto approfondita le complesse strutture della lingua egizia e la maniera pratica con cui gli Egizi esercitavano la disciplina medica. Il risultato che ne deriva è una comprensione ampia dell'argomento che, tuttavia, non riesce ad analizzare nel dettaglio anche la componente magica presente in molte delle ricette mediche, rappresentata dalla menzione di divinità ed entità ultraterrene ed ingredienti (presenti nelle ricette) di tipo rituale. Il presente lavoro si propone di rileggere i testi appartenenti al periodo del Nuovo Regno da un punto di vista emico, cercando di rispondere sempre al quesito principe: gli Egizi come percepivano la medicina e i disturbi dell'organismo?

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Books on the topic "Demotic Papyri"

1

Institut, Carsten Niebuhr. Demotic texts from the collection. Copenhagen: Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Ancient Near Eastern Studies, University of Copenhagen, 1991.

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Pfeiffer, Stefan. Das Dekret von Kanopos (238 v. Chr.): Kommentar und historische Auswertung eines dreisprachigen Synodaldekretes der ägyptischen Priester zu Ehren Ptolemaios' III. und seiner Familie. München: K.G. Saur, 2004.

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Pasek, Steve. Hawara: Eine ägyptische Siedlung in hellenistischer Zeit. Berlin: Frank & Timme, 2007.

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Pestman, P. W. The archive of the Theban Choachytes (second century B.C.): A survey of the Demotic and Greek Papyri contained in the archive. Leuven: A. Peeters, 1993.

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P, Vleeming S., ed. Les papyrus démotiques de Tsenhor (P. Tsenhor): Les archives privées d'une femme égyptienne du temps de Darius 1er. Leuven: In Aedibus Peeters, 1994.

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Quaegebeur, J. Le roman demotique et gréco-égyptien. Liège: Universite de Liège, Faculte ouverte, 1987.

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Ryholt, K. S. B. The story of Petese, son of Petetum, and seventy other good and bad stories (P. Petese). Copenhagen: Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near East Studies, University of Copenhagen, 1999.

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Erich, Lüddeckens, Wassermann Rolf, Erichsen W. 1890-1966, and Nims Charles Francis 1906-, eds. Demotische Urkunden aus Hawara. Stuttgart: F. Steiner, 1998.

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Dieter, Betz Hans, ed. The Greek magical papyri in translation, including the Demotic spells. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.

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W, Pestman P., ed. Il processo di Hermias e altri documenti dell'archivio dei choachiti (P. Tor. Choachiti): Papiri greci e demotici conservati a Torino e in altre collezioni d'Italia. Torino: Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Demotic Papyri"

1

Tait, John. "Issues in the Dating of Saqqara Papyri." In New Approaches in Demotic Studies, edited by Franziska Naether, 295–302. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110664874-015.

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Martin, Cary J. "A Persian Estate in Egypt Early Demotic Papyri in the British Museum." In New Approaches in Demotic Studies, edited by Franziska Naether, 175–96. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110664874-009.

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Reiter, Fabian. "Quittung für Annona Militaris and Demosia." In Kölner Papyri (P. Köln), 161–64. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14387-1_25.

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Thompson, Herbert. "THE DEMOTIC PAPYRI." In Gizeh and Rifeh, 31–39. Oxbow Books, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.16738709.16.

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"Demotic Papyri and Ostraca." In Five Yrs Exploration At Thebes, 59–60. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315788692-15.

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Martin, Cary J. "The Demotic Texts." In The Elephantine Papyri in English, 277–385. BRILL, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004669079_009.

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"Demotic Papyri (664–30 BCE)." In Security for Debt in Ancient Near Eastern Law, 307–26. BRILL, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004497214_015.

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Rutherford, I. C. "Bilingualism in Roman Egypt? Exploring the Archive of Phatres of Narmuthis*." In The Language of the Papyri, 198–207. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199237081.003.0012.

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Abstract By the Roman period Greek had gradually replaced Demotic as the language of administration in Egypt.1 Demotic still throve as the language of Egyptian religion and cultural tradition— ‘script death ‘2 did not come until the fourth century—but it was probably practised exclusively by a small number of priests in temples, and all of them were probably literate in Greek as well.3 For most of the population, as Bagnall puts it, ‘there was no way to have an Egyptian sentence recorded except to translate it into Greek ‘.4 The Demotic language for its part had proved quite resistant to influence from Greek: loan words show up in only a small number of contexts,5 and A version of this chapter was also presented at the multilingualism colloquium at Oxford in September 2006. I thank all those who commented on either version, especially Roger Bagnall, John Lee, and Sebastian Richter.

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"Demotic Mathematical Papyri and Cuneiform Mathematical Texts." In Unexpected Links between Egyptian and Babylonian Mathematics, 105–92. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701121_0003.

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Reggiani, Nicola, and Alessia Bovo. "Unpublished Greek and Demotic papyri from Graeco-Roman Tebtunis:." In Current Research in Egyptology 2021, 159–72. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x8v64n.17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Demotic Papyri"

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Lei, Kehua, Tianyi Ma, Jia Jia, Cunjun Zhang, and Zhihan Yang. "Design and Implementation of a Disambiguity Framework for Smart Voice Controlled Devices." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/948.

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With about 100 million people using it recently, SVCD(Smart Voice Controlled Device) are becoming demotic. Whether at home or in an office, usually, multiple appliances are under the control of a single SVCD and several people may manipulate an SVCD simultaneously. However, present SVCD fails to handle them appropriately. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for SVCD to eliminate orders’ ambiguity for single user or multi-user. We also design an algorithm combining Word2Vec and emotion detection for the device to wipe off ambiguity. Finally, we apply our framework into a virtual smart home scene and the performance of it indicates that our strategy resolves the problems commendably.

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Khovanchuk, Olga, and Tatiana Breslavets. "THE MAN IMAGE IN OKAMOTO KANOKO’S FICTION." In 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.45.

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The paper is devoted to the peculiarities of the man image in Japanese woman writer Okamoto Kanoko’s fiction. As a rule, the hero-lover (victim) has not the indispensable vitality and innate power. He is sickly or weak-minded. His fragility and passivity are contrasted with heroine’s (vampire) strength and assertiveness. The demonic motif is ubiquitous in Okamoto Kanoko’s stories. In other side, the man image is not a “lover”, but a “son”, which cult was set in her works. In certain cases heroine’s attitude to a hero leads to the erotic conflict.

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Hadzantonis, Michael. "Landscaping Dialects across Greece: Towards an Extended Ethnography." In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.5-1.

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Greeceâ€™s language landscapes both geographically and historically multifarious. The dispersal of these dialects has been complexified by mixing and borrowing, as well as other factors, while their boundedness is blurred throughout the region. Many of these dialects and their applications (such as in miroloi and demotic music) are in significant decline, if not endangerment, and efforts to revitalize these languages are inadequate. Yet, these dialects, as an aggregate, also provide a significant source of local and larger (for example, national) ideology, where they each entextualize such an ideology in their linguistic appropriation. This paper presents work thus far on the ethnography of dialect and ideology throughout Greece. While a full ethnography of Greek dialects is not possible, efforts to build the landscaping of the countryâ€™s dialect map will contribute to the understanding of questions such as, how is ideology of Greekness represented through and entextualized in language forms throughout Greece, and beyond. This study draws on the frameworks of linguistic ideologies and entextualization as methodical frameworks. The language documentation has thus far spanned several decades.

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Xing, Linzi, Wen Xiao, and Giuseppe Carenini. "Demoting the Lead Bias in News Summarization via Alternating Adversarial Learning." In Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.acl-short.119.

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Yiauw, Kah Haur, and Jay Son Teo. "Applying TRIZ to Solve Electricity Maximum Demand Problem." In International Conference on Digital Transformation and Applications (ICDXA 2020). Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.56453/icdxa.2020.1014.

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This paper aims to provide a systematic approach by applying TRIZ to reduce the maximum demand of the targeted plant, and nonetheless, it does not demote the working quality and environment. TRIZ tools such as engineering system defining, function analysis, cause and effect chain analysis, and engineering contradiction are applied according to achieve a suitable solution to alleviate the problem. From the finding shows that the root cause of high maximum demand (MD) in the plant is due to the company does not have a proper standard on energy savings, using large demand machinery and old aged appliance which are unable to control. The root cause and contradiction are resolved by applying TRIZ tools. Hence, it can be concluded that TRIZ is an innovative and systematic tool in problem-solving. Keywords: Demand-side Management, Industrial, Maximum Demand, TRIZ

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Fan, Deng-Ping, Cheng Gong, Yang Cao, Bo Ren, Ming-Ming Cheng, and Ali Borji. "Enhanced-alignment Measure for Binary Foreground Map Evaluation." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/97.

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The existing binary foreground map (FM) measures address various types of errors in either pixel-wise or structural ways. These measures consider pixel-level match or image-level information independently, while cognitive vision studies have shown that human vision is highly sensitive to both global information and local details in scenes. In this paper, we take a detailed look at current binary FM evaluation measures and propose a novel and effective E-measure (Enhanced-alignment measure). Our measure combines local pixel values with the image-level mean value in one term, jointly capturing image-level statistics and local pixel matching information. We demonstrate the superiority of our measure over the available measures on 4 popular datasets via 5 meta-measures, including ranking models for applications, demoting generic, random Gaussian noise maps, ground-truth switch, as well as human judgments. We find large improvements in almost all the meta-measures. For instance, in terms of application ranking, we observe improvement ranging from 9.08% to 19.65% compared with other popular measures.

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Dahs, Aleksandrs, Juris Krumins, Atis Berzins, and Kristine Lece. "Demographic profile of statistical regions and new territorial units of Latvia in 2020-2021." In 23rd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2022”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2022.56.028.

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Ongoing shifts in administrative-territorial boundaries, effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as continuous social and economic challenges facilitate a hasty change of Latvia’s regional demographic profile. To keep up with the current demographic processes and challenges on the regional level and provide realistic policy-oriented proposals, researchers must constantly monitor the changing demographic landscape and listen closely to the opinion trends prevalent among the regional populations. In this paper authors aim to provide an updated demographic portrait of Latvia’s statistical regions and new territorial units created after the territorial reform of 2021. Special attention is given to the discrepancies between rural and urban population dynamics on different territorial levels. This study relies on the most recent statistical information and presents several key findings of the survey carried out throughout the country within the framework of research project “DemoMig”. Study results indicate a deepening rural-urban divide in terms of demographic development on both regional and local levels. Some noteworthy distinctions can be found between the statistical regions of Latvia in terms of demographic development challenges and populations’ opinion about them. Survey results also provide important conclusions regarding the inhabitants’ perceptions about impact factors of population change on various territorial levels.

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Akyol, Mustafa. "WHAT MADE THE GÜLEN MOVEMENT POSSIBLE?" In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/nagx1827.

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Turkey’s most powerful and popular Islamic community, the Fethullah Gülen movement, is also a very moderate one, which embraces liberal democracy and promotes inter-faith toler- ance and dialogue. This paper asks what socio-political conditions enabled this movement to emerge, get established and grow as successfully as it has. The legacy of late Ottoman modernisation, which sought a synthesis of Islamic and modern Western values, assisted the Muslims of Republican Turkey to embrace democracy and es- tablish good relations with the West. Post-war Turkey’s peaceful interaction with the West — via free markets and international institutions — must have been a factor. So too it must be relevant that Turkey was never colonised by Western powers or even occupied for a long time (military interventions by the West in other Muslim countries have provoked quite radi- cal, not moderate, Islamic responses). The paper discusses the historical roots and social dynamics in Turkey that enabled the kind of ‘moderate Islam’ represented by the Gülen movement. That effort could provide lessons for other Muslim countries. It is all but taken for granted that the Islamic world needs some kind of ‘reform’. Élitist and autocratic calls for ‘top–down’ efforts to reshape Islam notwith- standing, what is really needed is to build the social environment (security, freedom, democ- racy, economic opportunity) that will enable a new kind of Muslim, who will, eventually, search for new meanings in traditional texts.

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