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Journal articles on the topic 'Demulsifier'
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1
Chen, Shi Jun, Fan Tang, Wei Tian, Qiao Na Liu, and Gang Chen. "Research and Application of a New Demulsifier for the Processing of Produced Liquid in Chanqing Gasfield." Materials Science Forum 991 (May 2020): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.991.166.
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In view of the serious emulsification existing in Changqing condensate gas emulsion, the unclear oil-water interface and the poor application effect of demulsifier used in the field, it is urgent to study an efficient demulsifier. In this paper, PM and XP-1221 two kinds of demulsifiers are used to solve the emulsification problem. The PM demulsifier was compounded with XP-1221 chemical demulsifier to solve the emulsification problem of Changqing condensate. The effect of temperature and demulsifier concentration on demulsification performance was studied by bottle test method. The results showed that XP-1221 and PM could be effectively combined. The demulsification efficiency was high and the dehydrated water was clear. Studies have shown that XP-1221 has a good synergistic effect with PM. The suitable ratio of the composite demulsifier is 1:1, and the demulsifier effect of the demulsifier can meet the requirements of the oil field demulsifier. The composite demulsifier can meet the requirements of current oilfield demulsifiers.
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Xie, Yan Jiao, Feng Yan, and Jian Xin Li. "Interfacial Dilational Properties of Novel Crosslinking Phenol-Amine Resin Block Polyether Demulsifiers at Decane-Water Interfaces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.202.
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Nine novel crosslinking phenol-amine resin block polyether (PARPEmn) as demulsifier were synthesized for Shengli Oil Field. And the dilational rheological properties of absorbed film of nine different structural demulsifiers were investigated by longitudinal wavesmethod (the Langmuir trough-Wilhelmy plate technique) at the decane-water interfaces. The results show that demulsifier concentration is an important factor in controlling the dilational properties of adsorption layer. The dilational elasticity for all demulsifiers appeared a maximum value with the increasing concentration. Most important of all, the relations between interface dilational properties and demulsifier structures have been studied. It demonstrates that the interfacial dilational modulus increase with the increase the HLB value of demulsifiers.
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Wei, Nan Ning. "Synthesis and Application of a Polyether Demulsifiers." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1302.
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Aimed at the high water cut crude oil in Daqing Oilfield, polyether demulsifiers was synthesized indoor to investigate the dehydration effect of different initiator, catalyst, the mixture ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, block number of demulsifier on demulsifier. The results show that the polyether demulsifiers have high dehydration rate and out of the water of dehydration was clear. After using the polyether demulsifier, the crude oil demulsification temperature decreased from 55 °C to 40 °C and the average water cut of the crude oil is about 0.20%, it is reached the national crude oil external transport standard.
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Pramudono, B., and H. B. Mat. "Demulsifier Selection Based On The Evaluation Of Demulsification Performance Indicators." REAKTOR 9, no. 2 (June 19, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.9.2.58-66.
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A method for characterizing and selecting demulsifiers has been developed. The development was based on either the relationships between the demulsification parameters and demulsifier performance or demulsifier characteristics and demulsifier performance. The importance of each of these parameters to performance was discussed. The result was eight demulsification performance indicators consisting of the percentage of water separation, percentage of oil separation, demulsification efficiency, demulsification effectiveness, partition coefficient, interfacial pressure, interfacial activity, and Hydrophilic Balance (HLB). Quantification of the indicators conducted by determination of the performance indexes for each indicator. It was obtained from the condition that the demulsifier exhibits good performance. Additionally, the study found a correlation between the parameters it self. The demulsifier effectiveness as well as the interfacial pressure reaches a maximum value when the partition coefficient closed unity. Increasing of the interfacial pressure, in consequence, will increase both the demulsifier effectiveness and interfacial activity. The effect of both the HLB and molecular weight on the percentage of separation indicates a weak correlation.Keywords :A method for characterizing and selecting demulsifiers has been developed. The development was based on either the relationships between the demulsification parameters and demulsifier performance or demulsifier characteristics and demulsifier performance. The importance of each of these parameters to performance was discussed. The result was eight demulsification performance indicators consisting of the percentage of water separation, percentage of oil separation, demulsification efficiency, demulsification effectiveness, partition coefficient, interfacial pressure, interfacial activity, and Hydrophilic Balance (HLB). Quantification of the indicators conducted by determination of the performance indexes for each indicator. It was obtained from the condition that the demulsifier exhibits good performance. Additionally, the study found a correlation between the parameters it self. The demulsifier effectiveness as well as the interfacial pressure reaches a maximum value when the partition coefficient closed unity. Increasing of the interfacial pressure, in consequence, will increase both the demulsifier effectiveness and interfacial activity. The effect of both the HLB and molecular weight on the percentage of separation indicates a weak correlation.Keywords : Chemical demulsifier, demulsifier performance, demulsification parameters, performance index
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Raynel, Guillaume, Debora Salomon Marques, Sajjad Al-Khabaz, Mohammad Al-Thabet, and Lanre Oshinowo. "A new method to select demulsifiers and optimize dosage at wet crude oil separation facilities." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 76 (2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2020096.
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The current practice for crude oil demulsifier selection consists of pre-screening of the best performing demulsifiers followed by field trials to determine the optimum demulsifier dosage. The method of choice for demulsifier ranking is the bottle test. As there is no standard bottle test method, there are different methodologies reported in the literature. In this work, a new approach to bottle test and field trial was described which improved significantly the selection and dosage of the demulsifier. The bottle test was optimized by measuring an accurate mass of demulsifier. This method produces repeatable results. This bottle-test methodology was benchmarked against field trial results performed in oil processing plants. The field trials were also improved to avoid the accumulation effect of demulsifier, when optimizing their dosage. The field data for the optimization of demulsifier dosage was analyzed mathematically; and a graphical method to determine the optimum range is described.
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Lou, Yan Min, Yong Hui Zhang, Yong Kun Zhang, and Qing Wang Liu. "Research and Application of Combinational Demulsifier." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2674.
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The dehydrationrate of Daqing crude oil was not stable and the amount of chemical demulsifier used too much, which caused serious environmental pollution and enlarged the difficulty of dealing with crude oil. Therefore, PRJ-1 bio-demulsifier was selected to combine with chemical demulsifiers SP-169 and GT-D01, respectively, to resolve the crude oil emulsion of Daqing. The results showed that PRJ-1 can combine with SP-169 efficiently. The demulsification efficiency was high and dehydrated water was clear. However, the demulsification efficiency increased a little with GD-D01. The study shows that efficient synergetic effect between PRJ-1 and SP-169 was confirmed. The suitable proportionality of combinational demulsifier is 1:1 and the demulsifying effect can meet requirement of oilfield demulsifiers currently.
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Liu, Bao Jun, Jing Cheng Shi, Li Ping Guo, and Yin Peng Li. "Experiment Study of Demulsifier on the Oily Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 3475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.3475.
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Adopts the method of adding demulsifiers into the oily wastewater to increase the droplets size to further improve the efficiency of oil-water separation, and puts forward the corresponding optimized indicators and methods of demulsifiers. The optimized selection of the demulsifiers and its additive dosage was carried out by indoor experiments based on the optimized indicators. Using artificial produced water to test the treatment effect of the optimized demulsifier at different action time. The experiments show that demulsifier S1 with additive dosage of 20mg/l can accordance with the requirements of the processing very well, and as the increase of action time, the average size of droplets increase and the amount of the droplets which under 1μm decrease.
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Otarbaev, Nurlybek Shyrynbekuly, Vladimir Mikhailovich Kapustin, Kazim Sadykovich Nadirov, Gulmira Zhankabylovna Bimbetova, Manap Kurmanbekovich Zhantasov, and Rashid Kazimovich Nadirov. "New Potential Demulsifiers Obtained by Processing Gossypol Resin." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, no. 4 (August 13, 2019): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.38671.
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Water contained in crude oil, forms so-called water-in-oil emulsions, the presence of which negatively affects the transportation and processing of oil. Demulsifiers are the special mixtures that are used to remove water from emulsions. The present paper is devoted to obtaining the demulsifiers by catalytic acid esterification of fatty acids mixture extracted from gossypol resin with isopropanol. Fourteen mixtures, containing mainly fatty acids and their ethers, were obtained and tested for demulsifying performance by using the bottle test. The relationship of the following values with the demulsibility of final mixtures was determined: the conditions of fatty acids esterification, the content of fatty acids in the demulsifier, the relative solubility number of the demulsifier, the toluene/water dynamic interfacial tension. The following conditions of fatty acids mixture esterification provided 64.8% of water removal at the dosage of 20 ppm of demulsifier: 385 K; 4 h; H2SO4/fatty acids mixture ratio 2.5 wt.%.
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Okoro, Emmanuel E., Chinedu G. Nnaji, Samuel E. Sanni, Eze F. Ahuekwe, and Kevin C. Igwilo. "Evaluation of a naturally derived waste brown oil extract for demulsification of crude oil emulsion." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 905–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720905080.
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Conventional methods of eliminating water from crude oil such as the chemical injection have both economic and environmental impacts; thus, this study proposed an economic and environmentally friendly demulsifier. The bottle test method was used to study the performance of the natural extract and commercial demulsifier on a crude oil sample. The GC-MS profile of the extract was in agreement with previous reports on composition of oil extracted from rice bran using hexane, ultrasound assisted extraction and conventional solvent extraction with ethanol. Varying degrees of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as well as retention times as observed, was a function of total time of scanning, according to NIST08 library of mass spectra. The performance of the demulsifier was expressed in terms of percentage of water separated from 100 ml samples of the oil samples. For both the demulsifiers, the performance increased with increase in volume of the demulsifier, separation time and operating temperature. The extracted demulsifier performed better than the chemical demulsifier under all the experimental conditions adopted in this study. Based on the parametric evaluation, it was observed the results from software corroborated the results obtained from experiments in terms of the observations of the combined effect of temperature and volume which showed the most significant influence on demulsification of the emulsified crude. The highest efficiency of the bio-demulsifier was obtained with a volume of 5 mL of the extract, at a temperature of 70°C and separation time of 60 min. A water separation efficiency of 85.6% was obtained as compared to the chemical demulsifier, which gave an efficiency of 80.2%.
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Buist, Ian, Alun Lewis, Allan Guarino, and Joe Mullin. "EXAMINING THE FATE OF EMULSION BREAKERS USED FOR DECANTING1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-171.
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ABSTRACT Skimmers operating in waves often recover a large amount of water, both in the form of water-in-oil emulsions and free water. Recovered water dramatically reduces the temporary storage capacity available for oily fluids offshore. The addition of chemical emulsion breakers to the recovery system has been shown to increase the amount of water that can be quickly decanted when recovering emulsions. A significant potential impediment to the application of emulsion breakers to extend temporary storage capacity is the ultimate fate of the emulsion breaking chemical(s). If they end up in the separated water, they will be discharged into the marine environment when the water is decanted. The objective of this study was to research the partitioning of emulsion breakers injected into an oil spill recovery system at both lab-scale and mid-scale, at Ohmsett. The experiments were designed to simulate the conditions in an offshore oil spill recovery operation. The ability of emulsion breaker addition to reduce water contents of the recovered fluid and the effects of demulsifier addition of the oil content of decanted water were also assessed. The formation of micelles by the surfactants in the water at high concentrations and the resulting limitations of the analytical technique used to measure high concentrations of the demulsifiers in the decanted water make definitive, quantitative conclusions about the partitioning of the demulsifier between oily and water phases impossible. The following general conclusions could be made:A large fraction of the demulsifier injected into the recovered fluid stream appears to end up in the decanted water.The concentrations of demulsifier in the decanted water are well in excess of 100 ppm and could be as high as 1000's of ppm. The use of a demulsifier injected into a recovery system, combined with decanting, substantially reduced the volume of water in temporary storage tanks and the water content of emulsions for disposal/recycling. The efficacy of the demulsifier was a strong function of free water content: if the free water content exceeded approximately 55%, the effect of the surfactant was substantially reduced. The degree of emulsion breaking increased with increasing mixing energy applied to the fluid. Increasing the flow rate (and hence turbulence level) and increasing the length of the flow path both resulted in increased emulsion breaking. Primary break occurred in only a few minutes: the application of demulsifier did not appear to affect the time required compared to previous tests without demulsifiers. The results indicated that the use of a demulsifier increased oil droplet concentrations in the decanted water by approximately a factor of two compared to similar tests without demulsifier.
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Taranova, L. V., A. G. Mozyrev, V. G. Gabdrakipova, and A. M. Glazunov. "Studying demulsifier reactants for crude oil processing facilities." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2021-1-90-104.
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The article deals with the issues of improving the quality of highly watered well production fluid processing using chemical demulsifier reactants at crude oil processing facilities; the analysis of the use of the reactants at the Samotlor field has been made. The article presents the results of the study of the effectiveness of the "Hercules 2202 grade A" and "SNPH-4460-2" demulsifiers in comparison with the indicators of oil and bottom water processing achieved in the presence of the reactants used at existing facilities; their optimal consumption has been determined. The study has shown that the selected demulsifiers provide the required quality of the oil and water under processing at the considered oil processing facilities and can be used along with the basic reactants for these facilities. On the basis of total indicators, the best results have been achieved using "Hercules 2202 grade A" with the improved indicators of water cut and residual oil content in water by 33.9 % and 2.8 % while reducing the reactant consumption by 9.7 % compared to the basic demulsifier.
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Zhu, Mi Jia, Hai Jun Liu, Jun Yao, and Qing Hua Luo. "Chemical Demulsification-Ultrasonic Recycle Oil from Oil-Based Drilling Fluid Using Response Surface Methodology." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2653.
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The abandoned oil-based drilling fluid is a kind of water-in-oil system with high oil content, which has a significant recovery value. The effects of demulsifier dosage, heating temperature, ultrasonic time and centrifuge speed on the oil recycle were investigated in the chemical demulsification-ultrasonic treatment of oil-based drilling fluid. From the results of the experiment, BSF-L62 was a suitable reagent with the highest oil removal rate among the selected demulsifiers. The main influencing factors were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology based on Box-Behnken design. The oil removal rate was up to 76.9% under the optimal conditions of demulsifier dosage of 250 mg/L, heating temperature of 70 °C, ultrasonic time of 12.5 min and centrifuge speed of 7000 r/min.
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Semikhina, L. P., E. N. Moskvina, and O. V. Andreev. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPLEX-ACTION REAGENT BASED ON TECHNOLOGICALLY COMPATIBLE DEMULSIFIERAND CORROSION INHIBITOR." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 6 (December 30, 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2015-6-69-74.
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The authors consider the problem of developing oilfield chemicals of complex action on the example of preparation of a composite from chemicals of different process action (demulsifiers for water-oil emulsions and metal corrosion inhibitors). Unlike the common practice of empirical selection of reagents for evaluation of their action effectiveness in the technological process the offered approaches are based on the possibility of reagents selection using the inductive dielectric method. It was found that the peaks tgδ, detected by the inductive method, the most suitable for using in the complex-action composite technologically compatible oilfield chemicals, should be observed at almost equal in value frequencies. It was shown that the developed mixture of a demulsifier with a corrosion inhibitor simultaneously exhibits much higher efficiency as a corrosion inhibitor and a demulsifier, i.e. the mixture obtained is a complex-action agent.
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Sari, Dian Kurnia, and Nidia Sauqi. "P PENGARUH DEMULSIFIER A DAN DEMULSIFIER B TERHADAP CRUDE OIL BENTAYAN DENGAN METODE BOTTLE TEST DEMULSIFIER." Jurnal Teknik Patra Akademika 10, no. 02 (February 12, 2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52506/jtpa.v10i02.91.
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Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian demulsifier untuk proses demulsifikasi crude oil Bentayan, agar diperoleh nilai pemisahan air yang baik. Karakteristik fisika dan kimia seperti specific gravity, pour point, viscosity kinematic, asphaltene content dan basic sediment and water (BS&W) menunjukkan bahwa crude oil Bentayan adalah heavy medium crude oil dan mempunyai emulsi yang sangat stabil dengan jenis emulsi air dalam minyak W/O. Demulsifier yang digunakan ialah demulsifier A dan demulsifier B dimana untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari demulsifier tersebut terhadap crude oil Bentayan maka dilakukan pengujian bottle test demulsifier dengan pengaruh konsentrasi demulsifier, temperatur pengujian, waktu interaksi dan nilai basic sediment and water (BS&W). Dari pengujian tersebut didapatkan pemisahan air yang baik terjadi pada konsentrasi 30 ppm, temperatur pengujian 60 oC dan waktu interaksi (settling time) 60 menit. Pada crude oil Bentayan proses demulsifikasi yang baik menggunakan demulsifier B dibandingkan dengan demulsifier A dimana demulsifier B menunjukkan % waterdrop mencapai 100 %, % interface adalah 0 % dan % BS&W sebesar 0,1 %vol. Hal ini juga memungkinkan demulsifier B lebih baik dilihat dari pengujian fourier transform infra red (FTIR) dimana demulsifier B mempunyai gugus -OH yang memungkinkan dapat mengikat air dari crude oil Bentayan. Dengan hasil tersebut maka dapat diketahui bahwasanya demulsifier B lebih baik pada proses demulsifikasi crude oil Bentayan.
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Erfando, Tomi. "Identifikasi Potensi Jeruk Purut Sebagai Demulsifier Untuk Memisahkan Air Dari Emulsi Minyak di Lapangan Minyak Riau." JURNAL KIMIA MULAWARMAN 15, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jkm.v15i2.604.
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Emulsion stability is an indicator that needs to be controlled to prevent the degradation of petroleum quality. Emulsion breakdown is one of the mechanisms to separate the water phase from oil. It is transformed into a chemical compound that is expected to function as emulsion blocking or commonly known as a demulsifier. An organic demulsifier is one of the right ideas in preventing environmental pollution without diminishing its main function as an emulsion breaker. The bottle test method is one of the most commonly used methods in demulsification tests. Testing using this method is done by inserting the prepared emulsion into the bottle, then it will be placed into a waterbath under certain temperature conditions for several hours. This test will be done by looking at the demulsification that occurs every 30 minutes. From the testing of temperature, concentration, and effectiveness of the formulated formula, an optimal condition is obtained based on the highest demulsification efficiency. Based on the research, optimal condition of organic demulsifier formula is (3ml, 80˚C) with 7 ml demulsification efficiency. The results obtained from organic material formulations have not been able to increase the effectiveness of emulsion-breaking processes compared to commercial demulsifiers and basecase conditions (20 ml).
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Topilnytskyy, Petro, Tetiana Yarmola, Viktoria Romanchuk, and Justyna Kucinska-Lipka. "Peculiarities of Dewatering Technology for Heavy High-Viscosity Crude Oils of Eastern Region of Ukraine." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 15, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht15.03.423.
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High-viscosity crude oils from the Yablunivske field (Ukraine, Poltava region) have been studied. The oils were diluted with gas condensate to reduce viscosity, and then various demulsifiers were added. It was established that it is expedient to dilute oil with heavy gas condensate and dehydrate it with PM-1441 brand A non-ionogenic demulsifier, based on block copolymers of ethylene and propylene oxides. The dewatering degree was found to be 95 %.
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Hassanshahi, Nahid, Guangji Hu, and Jianbing Li. "Application of Ionic Liquids for Chemical Demulsification: A Review." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 4915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214915.
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In recent years, ionic liquids have received increasing interests as an effective demulsifier due to their characteristics of non-flammability, thermal stability, recyclability, and low vapor pressure. In this study, emulsion formation and types, chemical demulsification system, the application of ionic liquids as a chemical demulsifier, and key factors affecting their performance were comprehensively reviewed. Future challenges and opportunities of ionic liquids application for chemical demulsification were also discussed. The review indicted that the demulsification performance was affected by the type, molecular weight, and concentration of ionic liquids. Moreover, other factors, including the salinity of aqueous phase, temperature, and oil types, could affect the demulsification process. It can be concluded that ionic liquids can be used as a suitable substitute for commercial demulsifiers, but future efforts should be required to develop non-toxic and less expensive ionic liquids with low viscosity, and the demulsification efficiency could be improved through the application of ionic liquids with other methods such as organic solvents.
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Thayee Al-Janabi, Omer Yasin, Miran Sabah Ibrahim, Ibrahim F. Waheed, Amanj Wahab Sayda, and Peter Spearman. "Breaking water-in-oil emulsion of Northern Iraq’s crude oil using commercial polymers and surfactants." Polymers and Polymer Composites 28, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119868118.
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Water (W) and oil (O) normally mix during production and while passing through valves and pumps to form a persistent water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion, which is a serious restriction in oil production and transporting and refining processes. The objective of this work is to treat emulsions of two crude oil samples labeled KD1 and DGH2 using commercial polymers and surfactants which are also known as demulsifiers. Hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) in the demulsifier structure has demonstrated a great effect on breaking W/O emulsion. Emulsion breakers with low HLB value showed better reduction in the dynamic IFT, high diffusivity at the W/O interface, and accelerated coalescence of water droplets. Concomitantly, high emulsion temperatures were found to reduce the interfacial film viscosity and accelerate water droplets coalescence. A maximum water separation efficiency (WSE) of 97% was achieved in the case of KD1 and 88% for DGH2, and using a (1:1) polymer blend demulsifier further increased WSE to 99% after 100 min.
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Erfando, Tomi, Idham Khalid, and Retno Safitri. "Studi Laboratorium Pembuatan Demulsifier dari Minyak Kelapa dan Lemon untuk Minyak Kelapa dan Lemon untuk Minyak Bumi pada Lapangan x di Provinsi Riau." TEKNIK 40, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v39i3.23656.
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Demulsifier digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah emulsi minyak mentah pada saat produksi. Artikel ini memuat uji laboratorium demulsifier lokal dari minyak kelapa dan lemon dibandingkan demulsifier komersil. Parameter yang diperiksa adalah nilai pemisahan emulsi, pengaruh parameter pengujian terhadap pemisahan air secara statistik, dan water quality hasil demulsifikasi dengan uji TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) dan pH. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode saponifikasi dalam pembuatan demulsifier dan pengujian demulsifier menggunakan metode bottle test. Variasi temperatur adalah 400C, 500, 600C, 700C, dan 800C dengan konsentrasi 1ml, 3ml, dan 5 ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa demulsifier lokal mampu memecah emulsi di seluruh temperatur pengujian. Pemisahan tertinggi terjadi pada temperatur 600C,700C, dan 800C dengan konsentrasi optimal 3ml dan 5 ml dan hasil pemisahan sebesar 32 ml dan 33 ml. Di sisi lain demulsifier komersil pada temperatur 400C dan konsentrasi 5ml gagal memecah emulsi. Pengaruh temperatur dan konsentrasi terhadap pemisahan air secara berurut sebesar 42,5 % dan 2,7%. Water quality yang baik hasil demulsifikasi terjadi pada pengujian sampel demulsifier lokal 2 dengan TDS 244 ppm dan pH 6,99.
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Chen, Dong, Feng Li, Yingxin Gao, and Min Yang. "Pilot Performance of Chemical Demulsifier on the Demulsification of Produced Water from Polymer/Surfactant Flooding in the Xinjiang Oilfield." Water 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121874.
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Purification of produced water (PW) from polymer/surfactant flooding is a challenge for the petroleum industry due to the high emulsion stability. Demulsification using chemical demulsifiers has been expected to be an effective way to treat PW. In this paper, five cationic (branched quaternary ammonium chloride) and four nonionic (copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide) demulsifiers with different molecular weights were employed to test their respective demulsification performance in the treatment of PW from polymer/surfactant flooding. The cationic demulsifiers, in general, exhibited better performance than the nonionic ones and one cationic demulsifier (CP-1) exhibiting the best demulsification efficiency was further employed for a pilot experiment in the Xinjiang Oilfield. The oil content of PW could be successfully reduced from 128~7364 to less than 10 mg/L with a dosage of CP-1 for 350 mg/L and polyaluminum chloride (PAC, 30% w/w Al2O3) for 500 mg/L under ambient temperature (14~22 °C). At the same time, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was removed from 176.9~177.1 to 2.8~3.9 mg/L while petroleum sulfonate was not removed too much (from 35.5~43.8 to 25.5~26.5 mg/L). The interfacial rheology analysis on simulated PW from HPAM/petroleum sulfonate flooding revealed that the addition of CP-1 led to a significant increase of the oil-water interfacial tension (from 7 to 15~20 mN/m) and zeta potential (from −32.5 to −19.7 mV). It was, thus, assumed that the decreased net charge on the dispersed oil droplets surface and weakened oil/water film due to the formation of complex between the cationic demulsifier and HPAM may have facilitated the destabilization of the emulsion. The result of this study is useful in better understanding the demulsification processes as well as selecting suitable demulsifiers in the treatment of PW from polymer/surfactant flooding.
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Yi, Mingxu, Jun Huang, and Lifeng Wang. "Research on Crude Oil Demulsification Using the Combined Method of Ultrasound and Chemical Demulsifier." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9147926.
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In this paper, experiments of crude oil demulsification using ultrasound, chemical demulsifier, and the combined method of ultrasound and chemical demulsifier, respectively, at different temperatures (40°C, 60°C, and 70°C) are carried out. The photos of water droplet distribution in crude oil, taken with microscopic imaging system, before and after demulsification using the above methods at 70°C are given. Research results show that the combined method of ultrasound and chemical demulsifier has the best demulsification effect, followed by chemical demulsifier. Ultrasound without using chemical demulsifier has the least demulsification effect. Furthermore, the impact of ultrasonic power, treatment time, and temperature on crude oil demulsification using the combined method of ultrasound and chemical demulsifier is studied. Results indicate that the final dehydration rate increases with the increase of temperatures and ultrasonic power and almost does not change with the increase of ultrasonic treatment time. These important conclusions will provide the foundation for an extensive application of the combined method of ultrasound and chemical demulsifier.
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Beetge, Jan H., and Bruce Horne. "Chemical-Demulsifier Development Based on Critical-Electric-Field Measurements." SPE Journal 13, no. 03 (September 1, 2008): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/93325-pa.
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Summary Resolution of water-and-oil emulsions is critical to the oilfield industry. A wide variety of undesirable emulsions are formed during the production, handling, and processing of crude oil. Although various methods are used, dehydration of crude oils is achieved mostly by gravitational sedimentation, normally at elevated temperatures and with the addition of chemical demulsifiers. The quantitative evaluation of emulsion stability by a critical-electric-field (CEF) technique was developed to play a significant role in chemical-demulsifier research. It was found that the CEF technique is useful not only in the evaluation of water-in-oil-emulsion stability, but also in studying the mechanisms of stabilization and demulsification. A method was developed to study the mechanism of emulsion stabilization in terms of flocculation and coalescence behavior of a crude-oil emulsion. The effect of chemical demulsifiers on emulsion stability was evaluated in terms of the method developed in this study. By following this approach, it is possible to determine the relative amount of energy required for both flocculation and coalescence in the presence of a chemical demulsifier. Introduction The inevitable creation and subsequent resolution of water-in-oil emulsions during the production and processing of crude oils are of significant importance in the oilfield industry. These emulsions, which typically could be any combination of water-in-oil, oil-in-water, or complex emulsions, are diverse in their nature and stability. The majority of oilfield emulsions are resolved by the application of chemical demulsifiers in special processes under specific conditions. The stability of crude-oil emulsions is influenced by many variables; therefore, and chemical demulsifiers are developed specifically for each application to achieve optimum economic efficiency. Emulsion stability of water-in-oil emulsions encountered in the oilfield industry can be evaluated with various methods (e.g., determining droplet size and distribution, determining the amount of water resolved as a second phase, analyzing moisture of the oil phase, and more-sophisticated methods such as interfacial rheology). Sullivan et al. (2004) suggested the use of CEF as a method to provide information for stability-correlation development. Commercial separation of a dispersed aqueous phase from typical crude oil by electrostatic methods is well-known and dates to the early 20th century (Cottrell 1911; Cottrell and Speed 1911). Electrostatic dehydration technology is still being developed and refined to play an important role in challenging oilfield applications (Warren 2002). The use of CEF, as a method to evaluate water-in-oil-emulsion stability, has been developed recently by Kilpatrick et al. (2001). In their CEF technique, a sample of water-in-oil emulsion is injected between two parallel electrode plates. A direct-current voltage is applied between the two electrodes and is increased in incremental steps, with continuous monitoring of the conductivity or the amount of electrical current through the oil sample. Fig. 1 shows a simple diagram of the CEF technique. In response to the increasing applied electric field, the water droplets tend to align themselves to form agglomerated columns of droplets, which form a conducting bridge once a critical voltage (or electric field) has been reached. The strength of the electric field at which the sample shows a sharp increase in conductivity (increase in current through sample, between the two electrode plates) is recorded as the CEF. By this method, relative emulsion stability is compared quantitatively in terms of the CEF value and expressed in units of kV cm-1. In contrast to the method of Sjöblom, we have used alternating current with parallel-plate electrodes at the tip of a probe, which was submerged in the hydrocarbon medium. Comparison of crude-oil emulsions by CEF techniques is well-documented (Sullivan et al. 2004; Aske et al. 2002), but no reference to the use of CEF in chemical-demulsifier development could be found. It is the purpose of this study to develop the CEF technique for application in chemical-demulsifier research.
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Cui, Wei Lin, Shi Xu Li, Ling Jian Song, and Yong Sheng Li. "The Research of Demulsifiers's Influence on Oil Emulsion's Rheological Property." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.404.
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Abstract: During the transportation of the oil which is replaced from stratum by return water with demulsifier, the rheology of the water cut oil must have been affected. In order to study the influence rule of emulsion which contains hydrophilic demulsifier, we don this experiment which tests the different demulsifier using HAAKE Viscotester 550. The testing result showed that for crude oil emulsion, the effects of the factors on the rheological index and demulsifier evaluation index into corresponding relation, this provides the rheological field development significance; Demulsifier could move forward the emulsification diversion point, and the viscosity of the emulsion decreased effectively with different moisture contents. Different structure types of demulsifier have the different influence on viscosity. Finally, we conclude the influence rule of emulsion which provides the daterbase for crude oil heating airtight gathering and transportation technology .
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Huang, Bin, Jie Wang, Wei Zhang, Cheng Fu, Ying Wang, and Xiangbin Liu. "Screening and Optimization of Demulsifiers and Flocculants Based on ASP Flooding-Produced Water." Processes 7, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7040239.
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The water produced by alkaline–surfactant–polymer (ASP) flooding is difficult to treat due to the presence of residual chemicals. Therefore, research and development of efficient and low-cost methods for the treatment of ASP flooding produced water is necessary. Chemical destabilization is the most common and effective way to treat the produced water. This paper describes an optimization method for demulsification and flocculation. Some demulsifiers and flocculants commonly used in oilfields were screened, compounded, and optimized. Since the effect of treatment using only demulsifier or flocculant to treat the produced water is often not enough to meet the reinjection standard, an orthogonal experiment was carried out to study the demulsification–flocculation method to treat produced water. Five main influencing factors of the oil concentration were investigated. Based on the results of the range analysis and the relationship between the five factors and oil concentration, the order of significant factors was found to be demulsifier dosage > flocculant dosage > settling time > stirring time > stirring intensity, and the optimal demulsification–flocculation treatment conditions were successfully optimized.
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Zargar, Ghassem, Reza Ghol Gheysari, Mohammad Ali Takassi, Alireza Rostami, and Amin Zadehnazari. "Evaluation of a sulfanilic acid based surfactant in crude oil demulsification: an experimental study." Oil & Gas Sciences and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 73 (2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018016.
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In this study, 2-Amino-5-Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid (ADBSA) surfactant has been prepared and tested as crude oil emulsions demulsifier. Electrical conductivity method was used to obtain the critical micelle concentration of surfactant. A critical micelle concentration value of 0.225 wt.%. Bottle testing measurements were conducted to investigate the effect of several parameters including temperature, water content, salinity, demulsifier dosage and type of crude oil (composition) on the demulsification efficiency in presence of new synthetic demulsifier. A reduction of emulsion stability was observed with increasing water content or demulsifier dosage decrease. A water separation index of 98% was recorded at 60 °C.
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Wang, Jian Jun, Xue Kui Wang, and Zuo Liang Sha. "Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsion Using Propylene Oxide-Ethylene Oxide Block Copolymer." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.598.
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The effect of concentration, temperature and pH-value on the demulsification potency of the propylene oxide and ethylene oxide block copolymer initiated from alkylphenol formaldehyde resin in breaking up emulsion from Daqing oilfield have been investigated. The results revealed that demulsification potency of the studied demulsifier increases with the increase of demulsifier at low concentration, the increase of temperature, the increase of acidic pH-value and the increase of demulsification time, respectively. In the meantime, demulsification potency of the studied demulsifier decreases with the increase of demulsifier at high concentration and the increase of basic pH-value, respectively. Neutral pH-value of the emulsion was found to be the optimum value causing maximum demulsification potency.
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Hamdy, Muhammad Ihsan. "Penerapan Re Order Point (Rop) Dan Safety Stock Pada Pengadaan Chemical Demulsifier dan Chemical Reverse Demulsifier." Jurnal Teknik Industri: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Karya Ilmiah dalam Bidang Teknik Industri 5, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jti.v5i2.8998.
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Pengadaan material chemical belum menggunakan metode yang baku, pengadaan masih dilakukan menggunakan perhitungan berdasarkan perkiraan dan kurangnya pengontrolan terhadap persediaan material chemical didalam gudang. Sebuah perusahaan juga memerlukan pengendalian persediaan material. Masalah pemesanan material merupakan hal yang penting dalam suatu perusahaan, sehingga malasah ini terus dipelajari dan dikembangkan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu Re Order Point (ROP) dan Safety Stock. Metode ini digunakan untuk menentukan titik pesan kembali untuk material demi kelancaran proses produksi perusahaan. Tujuan penilitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui titik ROP dan Safety Stock material chemical. Hasil Penelitian ini yaitu ROP chemical demulsifier 460 liter dan ROP chemical revers demulsifier 920 liter. Safety Stock cehmical demulsifier 161 liter dan chemical revers demulsifier 437 liter.
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Liu, Qing Wang, Yong An Wang, and Zhen Zhong Fan. "Special Crude Oil Processing Research and Application of XinMu Oil Field." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1095.
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The main problem dehydration system of XinMu Oil Field at present is high dehydration temperatures,high the amount of demulsifier, increase output moisture content year by year and more and more frequent fluctuations.Through the reform to establish a dehydration subsystems,and composite demulsifier alone to deal with special oil to eliminate the influence of special crude oil to dehydration system.Filter out Daqing produced 169＃ demulsifier 150mg·L-1, when add oxalic acid 200mg·L-1 and fungicide 100mg·L-1 the demulsifier of good dehydration effect.After processing crude oil water content of less than 5%,sewage oil content of less than 20mg·L-1, which has solved the dehydration problems of troubled XinMu for many years.
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Chong, Jeng Yi, Marcio B. Machado, Nitin Arora, Sujit Bhattacharya, Samson Ng, and Suzanne M. Kresta. "Demulsifier Performance in Diluted Bitumen Dewatering: Effects of Mixing and Demulsifier Dosage." Energy & Fuels 30, no. 11 (October 18, 2016): 9962–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01996.
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Long, Zheng Jun, Ya Rong Fu, Dong Qing Li, Li Xia Fu, and Qian Fu. "Research on Low-Temperature Dehydration of Crude Oil Based on Paraffin-Based Demulsifier." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.414.
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In order to reduce the temperature of paraffin-based crude oil，is applied low-temperature dehydration performance of the AE8051, is the good effects of high viscosity crude oil dehydration polyether polyol-based SAA and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol ether BP28 for "coordination" recovery distribution is also applied. As result , a small amount of C-F surfactant will make the system active and increase the solubility of paraffin-based demulsifier in crude oil at low temperature FYR-015. The basic formula, which by low-temperature synthesis of a series of demulsifier samples at concentration of 200mg / L(in water) and 30% of the joint stand of the mixed oil at 40 °C, has been the relative dehydration rates of 90 minutes over 93% of the 3 a formula of low-temperature demulsifier, the dual temperature demulsifier compound obtained in the same temperature, the same dosage effect of the case of dehydration and a single dose equivalent in dosage trials are three formulations of low temperature demulsifier in 40 °C are the best dosage 100mg / L. Xuanze solid content of 55% of finished emulsion breaker formulation 5 into field use, dosage to 60 mg / L when the water content of crude oil were isolated less than 0.2%, to reach the standard of foreign crude oil output quality, extrusion sewage oil is less than 50 mg / L, water clear.
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Borhan, N., A. Ramli, and I. K. Salleh. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Naphthenate Inhibitor Demulsifier from Fatty Hydrazide Derivatives." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (December 24, 2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27527.
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The production of crude oil contained Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP)-chemical enhance oil recovery (CEOR) has a significant detrimental effect on flow assurance mainly for formation of microemulsion which is thermally stable and difficult to break and separated into clean crude oil and water phase. Quality of clean crude oil for saleability is important through achievement of crude oil dehydration in terms of basic sediment and water (BS&W) specification less than 0.5%. This paper outlines a case-study where stable microemulsions were formed following mixing of crude oil and ASP brine, requiring operationally intensive remediation. Finally, novel palm oil-derived fatty hydrazide Naphthenate Inhibitor (NI)-Demulsifier were synthesized, formulated and tested using dynamic laboratory tests using a multifunctional mini flow loop (MMFL). Under dynamic laboratory test, crude oil, prepared produced water and ASP were mixed under high shear at separator temperature and pressure. The NI-demulsifiers chemical injection was carried out after microemulsions were formed before the separator, representing a wellhead injection point and for a sufficient time to allow the microemulsion system to reach equilibrium. This work demonstrates the importance of considering the impact of ASP-EOR fluids on existing emulsion and using an appropriate laboratory technique to evaluate potential mitigating treatments for oil-water separation technology. The effects of temperature and water cut on microemulsion stability are shown and the NI-demulsifier demonstrated excellence in demulsifying and dehydration at minimal dosage.
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Sun, M., K. Mogensen, M. Bennetzen, and A. Firoozabadi. "Demulsifier in Injected Water for Improved Recovery of Crudes That Form Water/Oil Emulsions." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 19, no. 04 (April 27, 2016): 664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/180914-pa.
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Summary Waterflooding for oil displacement becomes a challenge when water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion forms upon contact of injected water with oil in the porous media. We have recently reported very-high pressure drops and high pressure fluctuations for a number of crudes in waterflooding. In this work, we address the challenge by adding a small amount of a demulsifier in the injected water. The stability of W/O emulsion is affected by many factors, including oil chemistry, brine chemistry, and temperature. We find that the W/O emulsion formation may correlate closely to the low total acid number (TAN). In this work, we report the effectiveness of a demulsifier in significant reduction of pressure drop and elimination of pressure-drop fluctuations. The demulsifier can be dispersed in brine or water, and can be carried by injection fluid as an additive for improved oil recovery. Both micromodel observations and coreflooding results show that W/O-emulsion formation is avoided when 100 ppm demulsifier is injected in the carrier brine. Results also show that there is an increase in oil recovery.
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Zhang, Fu Sheng, Jian Ouyang, Feng Wang, Xin Fang Feng, Chun Bao Ma, and De Wei Wang. "Some Key Problems Encountered for Demulsifier Research." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.22.
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Main reasons, of which viscous crude emulsion and chemical flooding emulsion are difficult to demulsify, is that their compositions and structures have tremendous differences to water flooding emulsion. To resolve main difficulties encountered in demulsifier research today, such as demulsification of viscous crude oil emulsion, demulsification of chemical flooding emulsion, some research value routes, such as increasing aromaticity, molecular weight and branch degree of demulsifier molecule, and leading double-function groups meeting W/O type and O/W type emulsion and groups with alkyl carbon number matching equivalent alkyl carbon number of the crude oil into demulsifier molecule, were suggested according to demulsification mechanisms and their emulsion characteristics, and action mechanisms of the above-mentioned research routes were elaborated at the same time.
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Deryugina, O. P., and E. N. Skvortsova. "Selection of demulsifiers for transportation and oil preparation at Kondinskoye oil field." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2019-6-96-102.
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The article considers the results of the study on the selection of chemical reagents to improve the rheological properties of the oil emulsion of the Kondinskoye oil field during transportation and dehydration of the emulsion. The studies have been carried out on an artificial emulsion. We describe a method of determining demulsifying activity of a reagent at a certain temperature mode of a preliminary water discharge plant. In addition, we give the results of the study with various chemical reagents, select the optimal mode of emulsion preparation. This experiment was conducted in order to select the most effective demulsifiers to improve the technology and economics of the field and transportation process. The optimal choice of type of demulsifier, mode of its application and places of entry guarantee high quality of oil preparation. The following demulsifiers could be used in the process: DE-4, DE-6, and DE-9. The result of using these reagents is an optimal reagent flow rate per ton of fluid and a maximum amount of water separated from the emulsion over a certain time.
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Wang, Qing Ji. "Development and Application of ASP Flooding Produced Fluid Demulsifier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.603.
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Alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding has been applied to oil extraction in Daqing oilfield in several years. It is a great technology to improve oil recovery after polymer flooding. However, the agent would produce lots of fluid compositions, including a lot of polymer, alkaline and surfactant chemicals, which can improve the output of crude oil but increase the difficulty to disposal, such as fluid emulsion serious, smaller oil bead particle size and higher sewage viscosity and so on. An efficient demulsifier is urgent researched. In the paper, some development and application of common emulsifiers were introduced, including Quaternary ammonium salt of demulsifier, Amine polyether demulsifiercess and Water-oil separation agent Drows-1. It is significance to research the efficient green environmental protection demulsifier, which will decrease environmental pollution and increase sewage treatment efficiency in future.
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Huang, Bin, Xiaohui Li, Wei Zhang, Cheng Fu, Ying Wang, and Siqiang Fu. "Study on Demulsification-Flocculation Mechanism of Oil-Water Emulsion in Produced Water from Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer Flooding." Polymers 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030395.
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The issue of pipeline scaling and oil-water separation caused by treating produced water in Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer (ASP) flooding greatly limits the wide use of ASP flooding technology. Therefore, this study of the demulsification-flocculation mechanism of oil-water emulsion in ASP flooding produced water is of great importance for ASP produced water treatment and its application. In this paper, the demulsification-flocculation mechanism of produced water is studied by simulating the changes in oil-water interfacial tension, Zeta potential and the size of oil droplets of produced water with an added demulsifier or flocculent by laboratory experiments. The results show that the demulsifier molecules can be adsorbed onto the oil droplets and replace the surfactant absorbed on the surface of oil droplets, reducing interfacial tension and weakening interfacial film strength, resulting in decreased stability of the oil droplets. The demulsifier can also neutralize the negative charge on the surface of oil droplets and reduce the electrostatic repulsion between them which will be beneficial for the accumulation of oil droplets. The flocculent after demulsification of oil droplets by charge neutralization, adsorption bridging, and sweeping all functions together. Thus, the oil droplets form aggregates and the synthetic action by the demulsifier and the flocculent causes the oil drop film to break up and oil droplet coalescence occurs to separate oil water.
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Liu, Jing Jing. "Engineering Research on Handling Heavy Aging Oil with Thermal Chemical Deposition and Centrifugal Separation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3058.
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The technology was used for handling aging oil by demulsifier thermal chemical deposition and horizontal scrow centrifuge. Under certain temperature, The heavy aging oil, mixed with a certain Demulsifier for demulsification, is loaded into the packaging three-phase Horizontal Screw Centrifuge for oil, water and soil separation, the water content of processed oil dropped to 10% below which meet oil remix and fuel oil requirement. The influence of liquid level adjusting board, the handling capacity, processing temperature and operating parameters of centrifuges are all discussed as well.
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Liu, Qing Wang, Yong Kun Zhang, Xu Dong Lei, and Yong Hui Zhang. "Culture of PRJ-1 Demulsifying Bacteria and Performance Evaluation." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2055–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2055.
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Bio-demulsifier has not been applied in industrial scale due to its production cost. In order to reduce the production cost and improve the efficiency of demulsification, cheap materials such as oilfield sludge, workshop waste oil and edible waste oil were used in experiments as carbon sources to culture PRJ-1 demulsifying bacteria. As a result, cell concentrations of 5.4g/L, 3.7g/L and 4.2g/L were gotten, which were higher than the concentration of 2.6g/L cultivated by using paraffin. PRJ-1 demulsifying bacteria were used to prepare the demulsifying solution with a concentration of 10g/L, which was used in the demulsification experiment on Liaohe crude oil with a water cut of 80%. With 100 ml/L being added into the crude oil, the demulsification efficiency at 12h reached 91%, which was higher than that of 100mg/L chemical demulsifier. Demulsification efficiency of 96% can be achieved by using the combination of 60ml/L demulsifying bacteria and 40mg/L chemical demulsifier, furthermore, the demulsifying speed was higher and dehydrated water was clearer.
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Sun, Hao, Xin He, Qian Tang, and Xiaobing Li. "Recyclable polyether–polyquaternium grafted SiO2 microsphere for efficient treatment of ASP flooding-produced water: oil adsorption characteristics and mechanism." RSC Advances 10, no. 26 (2020): 15124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra00597e.
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Fiocco, Robert J., Kenneth W. Becker, Marjorie A. Walsh, Jorunn N. Hokstad, Per S. Daling, and Alun Lewis. "IMPROVED LABORATORY DEMULSIFICATION TESTS FOR OIL SPILL RESPONSE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-165.
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ABSTRACT A critical need currently exists for standard laboratory procedures for evaluating demulsifiers over the range of applications encountered in oil spill response. The procedures should be flexible enough to generate emulsions that are representative of those encountered at various times during a spill situation, and the applications should cover emulsion inhibition, breaking emulsion slicks at sea, and breaking recovered emulsions. Two laboratory test procedures are proposed. The procedures have different mixing energy and treating conditions, but each has the desirable feature of utilizing the same apparatus to generate the emulsion and to test the demulsifier. One procedure, called the wrist-action shaker emulsion test (WRASET), utilizes a standard laboratory apparatus, and is applicable for emulsion inhibition and for simulating at-sea applications of demulsifiers. A second procedure, called the rotating flask emulsion test (ROFLET), can also be used for a range of applications and is applicable for treating emulsions during oil recovery operations. Data from each of the two laboratory emulsion tests are used to demonstrate their features and to provide guidance on their use. An important implication of this work is that laboratory tests currently used to evaluate the effectiveness of dispersants to break up emulsions at sea need to be modified to provide time for the emulsions to be first broken by the dispersant.
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Mohyaldinn, Mysara Eissa, Logeswuran Rammudo, and Muhammad Ayoub. "Experimental Investigation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Application as a Demulsifier for Water-in-Oil Emulsion." Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (November 30, 2017): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101710010263.
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Introduction: Emulsification of produced immiscible mixed liquid of oil and water is a problem frequently recognized in surface production facilities in oil fields. The formed emulsions are required to be demulsified to avoid the negative consequences on piping and processing equipment. Nowadays, chemical demulsification is a preferable method to avoid or retard emulsification during the process of oil treatment. Materials and Methods: In the present study, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly-[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-ethylene] has been experimentally investigated as a chemical demulsifier for water-in-oil emulsion formulated by mixing a crude oil with synthesized oilfield produced water. Oilfield brines were synthesized by dissolving NaCl in deionized water to obtain salinity similar to the oilfield produced water. The sample of water-oil emulsion was prepared by agitation process at the condition of controlled rpm speed, ambient temperature and concentration of emulsifying agent. Stability of the emulsion was investigated using Turbiscan MA 2000 instrument. Results: The efficiency of the demulsification was screened using Bottle Test. It has been found that Polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly-[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-ethylene] accelerates the separation of the emulsion as compared to blank ones (with no addition of PVP). A maximum demulsification performance of the PVP was observed at an optimum concentration of 60 ppm.
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Hou, Zhi Feng, Qing He Gao, and Yi Can Wang. "Demulsification Performance of Hyper-Branched Dendrimer in ASP Flooding." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.726.
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Owing to the double actions by ternary liquid of ASP flooding and natural emulsifier in oil, the recovery liquid emulsified seriously as well as oil content in water rose after oil-water separation. Demulsification on recovery water in ASP flooding has been discussed via the modified terminal groups of hyperbranched tree macromolecules dendrimers polyamidoamine (PAMAM). Laboratory tests showed that PAE01 demulsifier had good demulsification efficiency. When demulsifier dosage was 120mg/L, sedimentation time was 90min, temperature was 45°C, oil content in water dropped from initial 5000mg/L to 197mg/L after demulsification, the deoiling rate was 96.1%. When initial oil content was 1500mg/L, oil content in water dropped to 215mg/L, the deoiling rate was 85.7%.
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Abasova Inara Afrayil. "A METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE DOSING OF DEMULSIFIER AT A COMPLEX OIL PROCESSING UNIT." International Academy Journal Web of Scholar 1, no. 11(41) (November 30, 2019): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_wos/30112019/6800.
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The process of dosing demulsifier is considered by changing its consumption depending on the consumption of oil emulsin at the installation inlet. The oil emulsion flow ratio and the rate of change of the demulsifier level, which leads to a change in the consumption of the demulsifier, is determined. The proposed process allows to reduce the cost of oil refining by increasing the accuracy of dosing. The whole complex oil processing unit (COPU) is a single block module. The delivery set includes a technological unit, a control unit, furnaces and heat exchangers, automatic furnishing and maintenance units. COPU should be equipped with valves and flow sensors as well as, other means of monitoring, control and regulation, as well as, instruments for testing and emergency protection systems. Operation of COPU control is carried out using an automated system, both remotely and locally. In the process of oil preparation, monitoring and measurement must be carried out the regulation of technological parameters, if necessary. Various comprehensive training facilities correspond to various indicators of economic efficiency, in particular: indicator of energy consumption, complexity of technology; costs of installation, operation, maintenance of installations (including the cost of servicing personnel); the complexity of the oil preparation process.
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Abdel Azim, Abdel-Azim A., Abdul-Raheim M. Abdul-Raheim, Reem K. Kamel, and Manar E. Abdel-Raouf. "Demulsifier systems applied to breakdown petroleum sludge." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 78, no. 2 (August 2011): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2011.07.008.
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Zhang, Fusheng, Guoliang Liu, Junhan Ma, Jian Ouyang, Xiaoling Yi, and Huimin Su. "Main challenges in demulsifier research and application." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 167 (January 2017): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/167/1/012068.
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Yi, Ren, Dai Hongcheng, Du Dawei, Cheng Yan, and Zhang Liya. "Research of New Demulsifier in Bohai Oilfield." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering 9, no. 3 (2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20210903.12.
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Swandito, Adji, and Viktor Malau. "Corrosion Rate Analysis of API 5L Gr B Steel Pipe in Acetic Acid Contained Crude Oil Treatment System by Using Amine Base Organik Corrosion Inhibitor." Materials Science Forum 991 (May 2020): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.991.191.
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Corrosion is the main problem in the processing of crude oil containing soap emulsion by using acetic acid based demulsifier. This study aims to analyze corrosion of API 5L Gr B steel pipe in the solution of 90% brine and 10% crude oil with addition of 2000 ppm of acetic acid based demulsifier at various concentration of amine based organic inhibitor. Corrosion testing was conducted using weight loss coupon. SEM and EDS analysis were performed to investigate corroded specimen. The weight loss results indicate that amine based organic inhibitor made the steel resistant to corrosion with an inhibitor effectiveness of up to 96.67% at a concentration of 40 ppm. SEM observation following with EDS analysis identifying the presence of inhibitor and corrosion product protection layer.
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Maddah, Zenah Hani, and Tariq Mohammed Naife. "Demulsification of Water in Iraqi Crude Oil Emulsion." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.11.03.
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Formation of emulsions during oil production is a costly problem, and decreased water content in emulsions leads to increases productivity and reduces the potential for pipeline corrosion and equipment used. The chemical demulsification process of crude oil emulsions is one of the methods used for reducing water content. The demulsifier presence causes the film layer between water droplets and the crude oil emulsion that to become unstable, leading to the accelerated of water coalescence. This research was performed to study the performance of a chemical demulsifier Chimec2439 (commercial) a blend of non-ionic oil-soluble surfactants. The crude oils used in these experiments were Basrah and Kirkuk Iraqi crude oil. These experimental work were done using different water to oil ratio. The study investigated the factors that have a role in demulsification processes such as the concentration of demulsifier, water content, salinity, pH, and asphaltene content. The results showed in measuring the droplet size distribution, in Basrah crude oil, that the average water droplet size was between (5.5–7.5) μm in the water content 25% while was between (3.3-4) μm in the water content 7%. The average water droplet size depends on the water content, and droplet size reduced when the water content of emulsion was less than 25%. In Kirkuk crude oil, in water content of 7%, it was between (4.5-6) μm, while in 20%, it was between (4-8) μm, and in 25% it was between (5-8.8) μm. It was found that the rate of separation increases with increasing concentration of demulsifier. For Basrah crude oil at 400ppm the separation was 83%, and for Kirkuk, crude oil was 88%. The separation of water efficiency was increased with increased water content and salt content. In Basrah crude oil, the separation rate was 84% at a dose of salt of 3% (30000) ppm and at zero% of salt, the separation was70.7%. In Kirkuk crude oil, the separation rate was equal 86.2% at a dose of salt equal 3% (30000) ppm, and at zero% of salt, the separation 80%.
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Srivastava, Vishal, Ahmad A. A. Majid, Pramod Warrier, Giovanny Grasso, Carolyn A. Koh, and Luis E. Zerpa. "Hydrate-Bedding Mechanisms in Partially Dispersed Water/Oil Systems." SPE Journal 25, no. 02 (April 5, 2019): 0925–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/195579-pa.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Gas hydrates are considered a major flow-assurance challenge in subsea flowlines. They agglomerate rapidly and form hydrate blockages. During transient operations [shut-in and restart (RS)], risk of blockage formation owing to hydrates can be greater compared to that during the continuous operations. In particular, hydrate formation during an unplanned shut-in and subsequent restart could lead to increased operational hazards. In this work, flow-loop tests were conducted under both continuous-pumping (CP) and RS conditions, using Conroe crude oil with three different water fractions (30, 50, 90 vol%) at 5 wt% salinity, over a range of mixture velocities (from 2.4 to 9.4 ft/sec). It was determined that RS operations resulted in an earlier onset of hydrate particle bedding—twice as fast as those in CP tests—from the interpretation of pressure-drop and mass-flow-rate (MFR) measurements. Droplet imaging using a particle vision and measurement (PVM) probe suggested larger water droplets (100–300 µm) during the shut-in, as compared to the CP tests (=40 µm) at 50 and 90 vol% water cuts (WCs). For the tests performed using a demulsifier at 200 ppm, PVM images suggested larger water droplets (mean droplet size = 94 µm), as compared with the test with no demulsifier (mean droplet size = 21 µm). The test using a demulsifier resulted in higher pressure drops and lower MFRs compared with the test with no demulsifier, indicating poor hydrate transportability when water was partially dispersed in the oil phase. The current study indicated that partially dispersed systems present greater risks of hydrate plugging as compared with the fully dispersed systems in the range of water volume fractions from 50 to 95 vol% WC, which was the phase inversion point of the water-in-crude-oil (Conroe14 crude) system. The flow-loop-test analyses presented in this work can potentially aid in an improved mechanistic understanding of RS operations, involving unplanned shut-ins and restarts.
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Yazdanmehr, Fatemeh, and Iulian Nistor. "DEMULSIFIER SELECTION FOR WATER SEPARATION FROM HEAVY CRUDE OIL EMULSIONS OF IRANIAN OIL FIELD." Romanian Journal of Petroleum & Gas Technology 2(73), no. 1 (2021): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jpgt.2021.01.06.
Full textAbstract:
"In this study, various demulsifiers have been chosen for emulsion separation from heavy Iranian oil. The 16 types of water and oil based demulsifiers were tested using the selection procedure. Further, the current study assessed the effect of parameters like concentration, water cut and residence time on demulsification. Water emulsion separation has been found to be improved with selected oil-based demulsifiers. The results show that the oil based demulsifiers with a pH between 7-8 and dosage more than 100 ppm have more dehydration efficiency. The efficiency of water-based demulsifiers is lower than that of oil-based demulsifiers. Using the Qualitec-4 software, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the former was investigated. The results show that the selection of water-based demulsifiers, with pH = 7.76, dose = 100, time = 600, had the best performance. "