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Journal articles on the topic 'Dendrid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Hampiholi, Prabhakar R., and Jotiba P. Kitturkar. "On Enumeration of some Non-Isomorphic Dendroids." Bulletin of Mathematical Sciences and Applications 18 (May 2017): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/bmsa.18.40.

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A dendroid is a connected semigraph without a strong cycle. In this paper, we obtain the various results on the enumeration of the non-isomorphic dendroids containing two edges and the dendroids with three edges.

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2

NAGHMOUCHI, ISSAM. "DYNAMICS OF MONOTONE GRAPH, DENDRITE AND DENDROID MAPS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 21, no. 11 (November 2011): 3205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127411030465.

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We show that, for monotone graph map f, all the ω-limit sets are finite whenever f has periodic point and for monotone dendrite map, any infinite ω-limit set does not contain periodic points. As a consequence, monotone graph and dendrite maps have no Li–Yorke pairs. However, we built a homeomorphism on a dendroid with a scrambled set having nonempty interior.

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3

Balibrea, Francisco, Roman Hric, and L'ubomír Snoha. "Minimal Sets on Graphs and Dendrites." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 13, no. 07 (July 2003): 1721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127403007576.

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The topological structure of minimal sets of continuous maps on graphs, dendrites and dendroids is studied. A full characterization of minimal sets on graphs and a partial characterization of minimal sets on dendrites are given. An example of a minimal set containing an interval on a dendroid is given.

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4

Landing, Ed, Christopher R. Barnes, and Robert K. Stevens. "Tempo of earliest Ordovician graptolite faunal succession: conodont-based correlations from the Tremadocian of Quebec." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 1928–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-180.

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Successive Tremadocian planktic dendroid graptolite assemblages from continental slope sequences in Quebec can be correlated with North American platform biozonations on the basis of conodonts. Anisograptid-bearing (Assemblage 2), middle Tremadocian "Matane faunas" are associated with Early Ordovician Rossodus manitouensis Zone (new designation) conodonts. Younger middle Tremadocian faunas with adelograptids (Assemblage 3) are no younger than the Rossodus manitouensis Zone. Key dendroid evolutionary–immigration events take place within the lower conodont Fauna B interval. Rooted dendroids near Cap des Rosiers, Quebec, and in eastern New York State occur with lower Fauna B conodonts and the trilobites Pareuloma and Borthaspidella. However, the earliest Tremadocian (and earliest Ordovician) dendroid immigration event, represented by the local lowest occurrence of faunas with Dictyonema flabelliforme s.l. at localities in western Newfoundland, eastern New York State, Norway, and eastern China, also lies within the lower Fauna B interval. Finally, the lowest occurrence of key Assemblage 2 dendroid taxa falls within the lower Fauna B interval at the latter localities.The Rossodus manitouensis Zone is proposed as a new designation for a biostratigraphic unit that is appropriate for North American marginal and open shelf sequences. This zone is approximately equivalent to the "Loxodus bransoni Interval" of other authors and is characterized by Fauna C conodonts. Newly described taxa include Rossodus? highgatensis n. sp., Scolopodus? praecornuformis n. sp., and Variabiloconus n. gen.

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5

Morales, José Ángel Juárez, Gerardo Reyna Hernández, Jesús Romero Valencia, and Omar Rosario Cayetano. "Free Cells in Hyperspaces of Graphs." Mathematics 9, no. 14 (July 10, 2021): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9141627.

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Often for understanding a structure, other closely related structures with the former are associated. An example of this is the study of hyperspaces. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of finitely-dimensional maximal free cells in the hyperspace C(G) of a dendrite G; then, we give necessary and sufficient conditions so that the aforementioned result can be applied when G is a dendroid. Furthermore, we prove that the arc is the unique arcwise connected, compact, and metric space X for which the anchored hyperspace Cp(X) is an arc for some p∈X.

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6

Gansert, Juliane, Jorge Golowasch, and Farzan Nadim. "Sustained Rhythmic Activity in Gap-Junctionally Coupled Networks of Model Neurons Depends on the Diameter of Coupled Dendrites." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 6 (December 2007): 3450–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00648.2007.

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Gap junctions are known to be important for many network functions such as synchronization of activity and the generation of waves and oscillations. Gap junctions have also been proposed to be essential for the generation of early embryonic activity. We have previously shown that the amplitude of electrical signals propagating across gap-junctionally coupled passive cables is maximized at a unique diameter. This suggests that threshold-dependent signals may propagate through gap junctions for a finite range of diameters around this optimal value. Here we examine the diameter dependence of action potential propagation across model networks of dendro-dendritically coupled neurons. The neurons in these models have passive soma and dendrites and an action potential-generating axon. We show that propagation of action potentials across gap junctions occurs only over a finite range of dendritic diameters and that propagation delay depends on this diameter. Additionally, in networks of gap-junctionally coupled neurons, rhythmic activity can emerge when closed loops (re-entrant paths) occur but again only for a finite range of dendrite diameters. The frequency of such rhythmic activity depends on the length of the path and the dendrite diameter. For large networks of randomly coupled neurons, we find that the re-entrant paths that underlie rhythmic activity also depend on dendrite diameter. These results underline the potential importance of dendrite diameter as a determinant of network activity in gap-junctionally coupled networks, such as network rhythms that are observed during early nervous system development.

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7

Gao, Zhi Guo. "Numerical Analysis of Solidification Behavior during Laser Welding Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy Part I: Crystallography-Dependent Solid Aluminum Distribution." Materials Science Forum 1020 (February 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1020.13.

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The thermal metallurgical modeling of alloying aluminum redistribution was further developed through couple of heat transfer model, dendrite selection model, multicomponent dendrtie grwoth model and nonequilibrium solidification model during three-dimensional nickel-based single-crystal superalloy weld pool solidification over a wide range of welding conditions (laser power, welding speed and welding configuration) to facilitate understanding of solidification cracking phenomena. It is indicated that the welding configuration plays more important role than heat input in aluminum redistribution. The bimodal distribution of solid aluminum concentration along the solid/liquid interface is crystallographically symmetrical about the weld pool centerline for (001) and [100] welding configuration, while the distribution of solid aluminum concentration along the solid/liquid interface is crystallographically asymmetrical throughout the weld pool for (001) and [110] welding configuration. The size of vulnerable [100] dendrite growth region is beneficially suppressed in favor of epitaxial [001] dendrite growth region through optimum low heat input (low laser power and high welding speed) to facilitate single-crystal dendrite growth for successful crack-free weld at the expense of shallow weld pool geometry. The overall aluminum concentration in (001) and [100] welding configuration is significantly smaller than that of (001) and [110] welding configuration regardless of heat input. Severe aluminum enrichment is confined to [100] dendrite growth region where is more susceptible to solidification cracking. Heat input and welding configuration are optimized in order to minimize the solidification cracking susceptibility and improve microstructure stability. The relationship between welding conditions and alloying aluminum redistribution are established for solidification cracking susceptibility evaluation. The higher heat input is used, the more aluminum enrichment is monotonically incurred by diffusion with considerable increase of metallurgical driving forces for morphology instability and microstructure anomalies to deteriorate weldability and vice versa. The mechanism of asymmetrical solidification cracking because of crystallography-dependent alloying redistribution is proposed. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experiment results. Moreover, the useful modeling is also applicable to other single-crystal superalloys with similar metallurgical properties during laser welding or laser cladding.

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8

Makhrova, E. N. "On Limit Sets of Monotone Maps on Dendroids." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amns.2020.2.00056.

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AbstractLet X be a dendrite, f : X → X be a monotone map. In the papers by I. Naghmouchi (2011, 2012) it is shown that ω-limit set ω(x, f ) of any point x ∈ X has the next properties: (1)\omega (x,f) \subseteq \overline {Per(f)} , where Per( f ) is the set of periodic points of f ;(2)ω(x, f ) is either a periodic orbit or a minimal Cantor set.In the paper by E. Makhrova, K. Vaniukova (2016 ) it is proved that (3)\Omega (f) = \overline {Per(f)} , where Ω( f ) is the set of non-wandering points of f.The aim of this note is to show that the above results (1) – (3) do not hold for monotone maps on dendroids.

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9

Berthé, V., F. Dolce, F. Durand, J. Leroy, and D. Perrin. "Rigidity and Substitutive Dendric Words." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 29, no. 05 (August 2018): 705–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054118420017.

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Dendric words are infinite words that are defined in terms of extension graphs. These are bipartite graphs that describe the left and right extensions of factors. Dendric words are such that all their extension graphs are trees. They are also called tree words. This class of words includes classical families of words such as Sturmian words, codings of interval exchanges, or else, Arnoux–Rauzy words. We investigate here the properties of substitutive dendric words and prove some rigidity properties, that is, algebraic properties on the set of substitutions that fix a dendric word. We also prove that aperiodic minimal dendric subshifts (generated by dendric words) cannot have rational topological eigenvalues, and thus, cannot be generated by constant length substitutions.

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10

Heath, Jo, and Van C. Nall. "Centers of a dendroid." Fundamenta Mathematicae 189, no. 2 (2006): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/fm189-2-6.

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11

Yang, Wei-Kang, Yi-Ru Chueh, Ying-Ju Cheng, and Cheng-Ting Chien. "Epidermis-dendrite Adhesion promotes Dendrite Growth and prevents Dendrite Bundling." Mechanisms of Development 145 (July 2017): S8—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.543.

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12

Tomalia, Donald A., Srinivas Uppuluri, Douglas R. Swanson, and Jing Li. "Dendrimers as reactive modules for the synthesis of new structure-controlled, higher-complexity megamers." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 12 (January 1, 2000): 2343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072122343.

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Dendrimers are macromolecular, nanoscale objects that are widely recognized as precise, mathematically defined, covalent core-shell assemblies. As such, they are composed of quantized numbers of atoms, monomers, and terminal functional groups relative to the respective shell levels (generations) surrounding their cores. Dendrimers have been referred to as molecular-level analogs of atoms. This perspective arises from their potential to function as precise macromolecular tectons (modules), suitable for the synthesis of structure-controlled complexity beyond dendrimers. We have termed this major new class of generic structures "megamers". Our group has now synthesized such "megamer complexity" in the form of both covalent and supra-macromolecular dendri-catenanes, dendri-macrocycles, dendri-clefts, and dendri-clusters. The covalent dendri-cluster subset of megamers has been coined "core-shell tecto(dendrimers)". New mathematically defined, covalent bonding rules for tecto(dendrimer) formation are consistent with sterically induced stoichiometry (SIS) predictions and have been verified experimentally.

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13

Budiarti, Retno. "HIV Infection: Immunopathogenesis and Risk Factor to Fishermen." Oceana Biomedicina Journal 1, no. 1 (January 12, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/obj.v1i1.4.

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<p>Infeksi primer terjadi bila virion HIV dalam darah, semen, atau cairan tubuh lainnya dari seseorang masuk ke dalam sel orang lain melalui fusi yang diperantarai oleh reseptor gp120 atau gp41. Tergantung dari tempat masuknya virus, sel T CD4<sup>+</sup> dan monosit di darah, atau sel T CD4<sup>+</sup> dan makrofag di jaringan mukosa merupakan sel yang pertama terkena. Sel dendrit di epitel tempat masuknya virus akan menangkap virus kemudian bermigrasi ke kelenjar getah bening. Sel dendrit mengekspresikan protein yang berperan dalam pengikatan <em>envelope</em> HIV, sehingga sel dendrit berperan besar dalam penyebaran HIV ke jaringan limfoid. Di jaringan limfoid, sel dendrit dapat menularkan HIV ke sel T CD4<sup>+</sup> melalui kontak langsung antar sel.</p>

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14

Golovko, V. V., S. N. Stepanyuk, and D. Yu Ermolenko. "Dispersion modification of dendrite structure of weld metal." Paton Welding Journal 2019, no. 6 (June 28, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2019.06.02.

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15

Henseler, Anja, and Jan-Peter Frahm. "Stem anatomy of dendroid mosses." Nova Hedwigia 71, no. 3-4 (November 24, 2000): 519–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova/71/2000/519.

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16

Lecommandoux, S�bastien, Harm-Anton Klok, Mehmet Sayar, and Samuel I. Stupp. "Synthesis and self-organization of rod-dendron and dendron-rod-dendron molecules." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 41, no. 22 (October 13, 2003): 3501–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.10855.

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17

Golovko, V. V. "Possibilities of nanomodification of dendrite structure of weld metal." Paton Welding Journal 2018, no. 8 (August 28, 2018): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2018.08.01.

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18

Gao, Zhi Guo. "Numerical Analysis of Microstructure Development during Laser Welding Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy Part II: Multicomponent Dendrite Growth." Materials Science Forum 1020 (February 2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1020.32.

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A thermal metallurgical coupling model was further developed for multicomponent dendrite growth of primary γ gamma phase during laser welding nickel-based single-crystal superalloys. It is indicated that welding configuration has a predominant role on the overall dendrite trunk spacing than heat input throughout the weld pool, and modifies the dendrite growth kinetics. The dendrite trunk spacing in (001) and [100] welding configuration is finer than that of in (001) and [110] welding configuration. In (001) and [100] welding configuration, the bimodal distribution of dendrite trunk spacing is symmetrical about weld pool centerline, the dendrite trunk spacing in [100] growth region near the weld pool center is coarser than [010], [0ī0] and [001] dendrite growth regions. In (001) and [110] welding configuration, the distribution of dendrite trunk spacing is crystallographically asymmetrical, and the dendrite trunk spacing in [100] growth region is severely coarser than that of [010] and [001] dendrite growth regions. (001) and [110] welding configuration is of particular interest, because dendrite trunk spacing decreases in [100] dendrite growth region and dendrite trunk spacing increases in [010] dendrite growth region from the maximum weld pool width to the end due to crystallography-dependent growth kinetics. Moreover, strict control of low heat input (low laser power and high welding speed) beneficially promotes fine dendrite trunk spacing and reduces the size of dendrite growth regions. High heat input (high laser power and low welding speed) monotonically coarsens dendrite trunk spacing. The dendrite trunk spacing is refined and [100] dendrite growth is suppressed by the optimum low heat input and (001) and [100] welding configuration to improve weldability. An alternative mechanism of solidification cracking because of asymmetrical dendrite trunk growth is proposed. The useful results facilitate understanding of single-crystal superalloys microstructure development and solidification cracking phenomena. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experiment results. Moreover, the model is also applicable to other single-crystal superalloys with similar metallurgical properties by feasible laser welding or laser cladding.

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19

Feng, Li, Ling Min An, Chang Sheng Zhu, Yang Lu, Rong Zhen Xiao, and Bo Cheng. "Phase-Field Simulation Studies of Multiple Grains Coupled with Force Flow Field." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 1038–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.1038.

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Coupling the force flow field with the phase field model for the isothermal growth of dendrite multiple grains, Sola algorithm is used to calculate the flow speed and pressure of liquid metal, double grid numerical method was used to reduce the calculation amount of computer simulation, the space factor and time factor were introduced to improve the accuracy of double grid numerical calculation, Taking Al-2%-Cu alloy for example, the dendrite growth process of the binary alloy was simulated under forced convection environment; Simulation results can capture the real dendrite growth and interactions of the liquid metal flow in the process of dendrite growth under forced convection environment: The flow of metal liquid affects the growth morphology of dendrite multi-grain. The flow of liquid metal changes the growth speed of dendrite tip in different directions for each dendrite, the greater of the liquid metal initial flow speed, the worse of dendrite morphology symmetry; different initial flow speeds result in the different distance between each dendrite. The metal liquid forced flow causes the instability of dendrite growth interface, it changes the degree of undercooling, composition, dendrite tip growth rate and the curvature radius of dendrite tip in the dendrite growth forefront interface. For the forefront dendrite growth interface free energy system, the dendrite tip growth speed and curvature radius were adjusted by the competitive growth of dendrite tips, thus reached a new stable state for the interface, which resulted in the emergence of bifurcation in dendrite tips. The liquid metal flow speed between different grains was affected by the relative position and morphology between different grains, and also affected by the initial inflow speed of the liquid metal.

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20

Suzuki, Toshio, and Yasunori Miyata. "Dendrite growth." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 25, no. 9 (1986): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.25.727.

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21

Ehlers, Michael D. "Dendrite development." Journal of Cell Biology 170, no. 4 (August 15, 2005): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200507096.

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22

Lefcowitz, Barbara F. (Barbara Freedgood). "Dendrite Cities." Prairie Schooner 79, no. 2 (2005): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2005.0073.

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23

Haj Salem, Aymen, and Hawete Hattab. "Dendrite Flows." Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems 16, no. 3 (April 5, 2017): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12346-017-0237-0.

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24

Tavosanis, Gaia. "Dendrite enlightenment." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 69 (August 2021): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2021.05.001.

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25

Yuan, Xun Feng, and Yan Yang. "Parameters Affecting Dendrite Growth of Fe-C Alloy in a Forced Flow." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.631.

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The phase-field model coupling with the concentration field and flow field is used to simulate the dendrite growth during isothermal solidification of Fe-C alloy in a forced flow. The effects of noise amplitude and interface thickness on the dendrite growth are studied. The results indicate that with noise amplitude increasing, the secondary dendrite arm average space(SDAAS) on the the upstream of the lateral principal branch decreases, but the dendrite tip velocity remained about the same. With an increase in the interface thickness, the principal and secondary branch of dendrite degenerated, the equilibrium morphology of the crystal changes from developed dendrite to compact dendrite, the dendrite tip solute concentration decreases first, then increases slowly.

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26

Marti Mengual, Ulisses, Willem A. M. Wybo, Lotte J. E. Spierenburg, Mirko Santello, Walter Senn, and Thomas Nevian. "Efficient Low-Pass Dendro-Somatic Coupling in the Apical Dendrite of Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex." Journal of Neuroscience 40, no. 46 (October 12, 2020): 8799–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3028-19.2020.

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27

Yuan, Xun Feng, and Yan Yang. "Flow Velocity Affecting Dendrite Growth of Fe-C Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 1009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.1009.

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The phase field model coupling with the concentration field and flow field is used to simulate the dendrite growth during isothermal solidification of Fe-C alloy in a forced flow. The effects of flow velocity on the dendrite growth are studied. The results indicate that with introducing the forced flow, the upstream secondary dendrite arm space decreases, the downstream secondary dendrite arm space increases. As flow velocity increases, the side branch at the upstream regions become bulky and tilt, the side branch at the downstream regions degenerated and even disappear, the length of upstream dendrite arm increases linearly, the length of downstream dendrite arm decreases parabolically. Meanwhile, the solute concentration of upstream dendrite tip increases slowly first, then decreases, the solute concentration of downstream dendrite tip increases monotonously.

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28

Liu, Fang Hui, and Ming Gao. "Numerical Simulation of Dendrite Growth of Binary Alloy Using Phase-Field Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.133.

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In order to study the growth process and morphology of dendrite directly, a phase field model of binary alloy was established. In this model the order parameter equation was coupled with the temperature field and the solute field. The growing processes and morphology of dendrite were simulated by using this phase field model. Through analyzing the results, we discussed the effects of anisotropic strength and temperature gradient on dendrite morphology. The results shows that with the increasing of anisotropic strength, the dendrite growth rate of the dendrite will increase and the secondary branches appear more clearly. Besides, the temperature gradient has influence on the appearance of secondary arms during the dendrite growing. With the increase of temperature gradient, the size of secondary dendrite arms increase.

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29

Zhao, Long Zhi, Xin Yan Jiang, Ming Juan Zhao, and Jian Zhang. "Phase-Field Simulation of Dendrite Growth of Magnesium Alloy under Non-Isothermal Solidification." Advanced Materials Research 848 (November 2013): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.848.231.

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The phase-field model was built by coupling with the concentration field and temperature field,The dendrite growth process of Magnesium alloy was simulated under the different anisotropic strength and different undercooling.The results show that with the enlarge of anisotropic strength, dendritic morphology change from seaweed-like to snow-like, trunk grows along the optimal direction,and the secondary dendrite arm grow along the most optimize direction as well; With undercooling increasing, the more coarse primary dendrite arm, the more developed secondary dendrite arm, dendrites around the thermal diffusion layer becomes thinner,and dendrite tip’s thermal diffusion layer is thinner than the dendrite roots,but segregation phenomenon decreases slowly. When Δ=1.0, the grain will directly generate cellular dendrite and it does’t appear segregation phenomenon

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30

Gray, N. A. B. "Dendral and meta-dendral — the myth and the reality." Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 5, no. 1 (November 1988): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(88)80122-9.

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31

Viardin, Alexandre, Laszlo Sturz, M. Apel, and Ulrike Hecht. "Phase Field Modeling of β(Ti) Solidification in Ti-45at.%Al: Columnar Dendrite Growth at Various Gravity Levels." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.34.

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At present, our understanding of the interaction between melt flow and solidification patterns is still incomplete. In columnar dendritic growth buoyancy driven flow may alter the dendrite tip and spacing selection and consequently the microsegregation of alloying elements. With the aim of supporting directional solidification experiments under hyper-gravity using a large diameter centrifuge (LDC), phase field simulations of β (Ti) dendrite growth have been performed under various gravity conditions for the binary alloy Ti-45at.%Al. The results show that Al segregation at the growth front causes convection rolls around the dendrite tips. The direction of the gravity vector is an essential parameter. When g is opposite to the direction of dendrite growth, increasing gravity leads to a marked decrease of the primary dendrite spacing and to a decrease of the mushy zone length. When g is aligned parallel to the direction of dendrite growth, the primary dendrite spacing and mushy zone length are almost unchanged, however the secondary dendrite arms grow more prominently as the magnitude of g increases.

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32

Sakamoto, Tatsuaki, Shu Chen Sun, Takuya Matsumoto, Kiyomichi Nakai, Sengo Kobayashi, Seiji Matsuda, Wei Tang, and Gan Feng Tu. "Microstructure and Mechanical Property in Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy with Y Addition." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.472.

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Microstructures and Vickers microhardness in AZ91 magnesium alloys without and with 1mass%Y addition fabricated by casting were investigated. Vickers microhardness increases with adding 1%Y. Microstructure in AZ91 without Y addition was analyzed to contain mainly α-Mg and Mg17Al12by X-ray diffraction. Microstructural observations with optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopes show that microstructure consists of α-Mg dendrite, non-equilibrium eutectic Mg17Al12and lamellar Mg17Al12. The non-equilibrium eutectic Mg17Al12exists between α-Mg dendrites. The lamellar Mg17Al12forms near the edge of the α-Mg dendrite arm. The lamellar Mg17Al12has Burgers orientation relationship for α-Mg matrix. It suggests that the lamellar Mg17Al12precipitates from Al-supersaturated region within α-Mg dendrite. Addition of Y to AZ91 hardly changes dendrite arm spacing, but decreases a size of region, where longitudinal directions of primary dendrite arms are almost parallel or a single dendrite exists. Y-addition increases nucleation site for dendrite, namely makes the unidirectionally-solidified region fine, resulting in increase in hardness.

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33

Gao, Zhi Guo. "Numerical Analysis of Stray Grain Formation during Laser Welding Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy Part II: Multicomponent Dendrite Growth." Materials Science Forum 1033 (June 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1033.31.

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Multicomponent dendrite growth is theoretically predicted to optimize solidification cracking susceptibility during ternary Ni-Cr-Al nickel-based single-crystal superalloy weld pool solidification. The distribution of dendrite trunk spacing along the weld pool solidification interface is clearly symmetrical about the weld pool centerline in beneficial (001)/[100] welding configuration. The distribution of dendrite trunk spacing along the weld pool solidification interface is crystallography-dependent asymmetrical from bottom to top surface of the weld pool in detrimental (001)/[110] welding configuration. The smaller heat input is used, the finer dendrite trunk spacing is kinetically promoted by less solute enrichment and narrower constitutional undercooling ahead of solid/liquid interface with mitigation of metallurgical contributing factors for solidification cracking and vice versa. Vulnerable [100] dendrite growth region is predominantly suppressed and epitaxial [001] dendrite growth region is favored to spontaneously facilitate single-crystal columnar dendrite growth and reduce microstructure anomalies with further reduction of heat input. Optimum low heat input (both lower laser power and higher welding speed) with (001)/[100] welding configuration is the most favorable one to avoid nucleation and growth of stray grain formation, minimize both dendrite trunk spacing and solidification cracking susceptibility potential, improve resistance to solidification cracking, and ameliorate weldability and weld integrity through microstructure modification instead of inappropriate high heat input (both higher laser power and slower welding speed) with (001)/[110] welding configuration. The dendrite trunk spacing in the [100] dendrite growth region on the right side of the weld pool is considerably coarser and grows faster than that within the [010] dendrite growth region of the left side in the (001)/[110] welding configuration to deteriorate weldability, although the welding conditions are the same on the either side. Furthermore, the alternative mechanism of crystallography-dependent solidification cracking as consequence of asymmetrical microstructure development and diffusion-controlled dendrite growth of γ phase is therefore proposed. The theoretical predictions are comparable with experiment results. The reliable model is also useful for welding conditions optimization for crack-free laser processing.

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Gao, Zhi Guo. "Numerical Analysis of Microstructure Anomalies during Laser Welding Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy Part III: Amelioration of Solidification Behavior." Materials Science Forum 1041 (August 4, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1041.47.

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The contribution of crystallography-dependent metallurgical factors, such as supersaturation of liquid aluminum and minimum dendrite tip undercooling, to solidification behavior and microstructure development is numerically analyzed during Ni-Cr-Al ternary single-crystal superalloy molten pool solidification to better understand thermodynamic and kinetic driving forces behind solidification cracking resistance. The variation of supersaturation of liquid aluminum and minimum dendrite tip undercooling with location of solid/liquid interface is symmetrically consistent in (001)/[100] welding configuration. By comparison, the variation is asymmetrically consistent in (001)/[110] welding configuration. The different distribution is attributed to growth crystallography and dendrite selection. Significant increase of supersaturation of liquid aluminum and dendrite tip undercooling from [010] dendrite growth region to [100] dendrite growth region preferentially aggravates microstructure development as result of nucleation and growth of stray grain formation with the same heat input on each half of the weld pool in (001)/[110] welding configuration. High heat input (both increasing laser power and decreasing welding speed) exacerbates supersaturation of liquid aluminum and dendrite tip undercooling by faster diffusion to incur stray grain formation with severity of contributing thermometallurgical factors for susceptibility to solidification cracking, while low heat input (both decreasing laser power and increasing welding speed) ameliorates microstructure development and increases resistance to solidification cracking. Weld microstructure of optimum welding conditions, such as combination of low heat input and (001)/[100] welding configuration, is less susceptible to solidification cracking to suppress asymmetrical microstructure development and improve weld integrity potential rather than insidious welding conditions, such as combination of high heat input and (001)/[110] welding configuration. Severer supersaturation of liquid aluminum and wider dendrite tip undercooling occur in the [100] dendrite region as consequence of alloying enrichment, while smaller supersaturation of liquid aluminum and narrower dendrite tip undercooling occur in the [001] dendrite region as consequence of alloying depletion to spontaneously facilitate epitaxial growth of single-crystal essential. Symmetrical (001)/[100] welding configuration decreases growth kinetics of dendrite tip with smaller overall supersaturation of liquid aluminum and dendrite tip undercooling than that of asymmetrical (001)/[110] welding configuration regardless of combination of laser power and welding speed. Mitigation of supersaturation of liquid aluminum and dendrite tip undercooling simultaneously alleviate crack-susceptible microstructure development and solidification cracking. Additionally, the appropriate mechanism of solidification cracking resistance improvement through modification of crystallography-dependent supersaturation and undercooling of dendrite tip is proposed. Calculation analyses are sufficiently explained by experiment results in a reasonable way. The additional purpose of this theoretical analysis is to evaluate solidification cracking susceptibility of similar nickel-based or iron-based single-crystal superalloys.

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Guo, Hong Min, Tao Wei, and Xiang Jie Yang. "Phase Field Simulation of Solidified Multiple Grains." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1874.

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A phase-field model based on the Ginzburg-Landan theory and KKS model is used to simulate the dendrite growth of multiple grains for Al-Cu alloy. The influence of solidification latent heat and undercooling on the growth of equiaxed dendrite, solute distribution and temperature distribution were studied. The results show that the dendrite has well-developed and the competitive growth between grains more intense with the increasing of undercooling. The release of solidification latent heat restrain dendrite growth to a certain extent, which led to the less developed growth of dendrite solidified in non-isothermal conditions than that in isothermal conditions.

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Yuan, Xun Feng, and Yan Yang. "Interfacial Energy Anisotropy Affecting Dendrite Growth of Magnesium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.238.

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Numerical simulations based on a new regularized phase field model were presented, simulating the solidification of magnesium alloy. The effects of weak and strong interfacial energy anisotropy on the dendrite growth are studied. The results indicate that with weak interfacial energy anisotropy, the entire dendrite displays six-fold symmetry and no secondary branch appeared. Under strong interfacial energy anisotropy conditions, corners form on both the main stem and the tips of the side branches of the dendrites, the entire facet dendrite displays six-fold symmetry. As the solidification time increases, the tip temperature and velocity of the dendrite and facet dendrite finally tend to stable values. The stable velocity of the facet dendrite is 0.4 at ε6 is 0.05 and this velocity is twice that observed (0.2) at ε6 is 0.005.

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Puga, Isabel, and Miriam Torres. "Ultrasmoothness in dendroids." Colloquium Mathematicum 113, no. 2 (2008): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/cm113-2-12.

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Ehrenhaus, Michael Phillip, and Sebastian Guzman. "Herpetic endothelial dendrite." JCRS Online Case Reports 8, no. 1 (January 2020): e00006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.jcro.0000000000000006.

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Peng, Hong, Tingting Bao, Xiaohui Luo, Jun Wang, Xiaoxiao Song, Agustín Riscos-Núñez, and Mario J. Pérez-Jiménez. "Dendrite P systems." Neural Networks 127 (July 2020): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2020.04.014.

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Minc, Piotr. "Bottlenecks in dendroids." Topology and its Applications 129, no. 2 (March 2003): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-8641(02)00159-1.

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Neumann-Lara, Victor. "Dendroids and preorders." Glasnik Matematicki 38, no. 1 (June 15, 2003): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3336/gm.38.1.13.

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Su, Guangwang, and Bin Qin. "Equicontinuous dendrite flows." Journal of Difference Equations and Applications 25, no. 12 (November 24, 2019): 1744–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236198.2019.1694012.

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Póliska, Csaba, and Zoltán Gácsi. "Az olvadék áramlás hatása a dendrit alakjára." Fiatal Műszakiak Tudományos Ülésszaka 1. (2003) (2003): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36243/fmtu-2003.66.

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Nall, Van C. "Centers and shore points of a dendroid." Topology and its Applications 154, no. 10 (May 2007): 2167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2006.01.019.

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Bobok, Jozef, Radek Marciňa, Pavel Pyrih, and Benjamin Vejnar. "Union of shore sets in a dendroid." Topology and its Applications 161 (January 2014): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2013.10.020.

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MELCHIN, MICHAEL J., and KEN M. DOUCET. "Modelling flow patterns in conical dendroid graptolites." Lethaia 29, no. 1 (March 1996): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1996.tb01835.x.

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Fujita, K. i., M. Yamazaki, T. Ainoya, T. Tsuchimoto, and H. Yasuda. "Dihydroxylation of Olefins with Dendric Osmium Complex." Synfacts 2011, no. 01 (December 21, 2010): 0110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1259141.

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Mishra, Archana, Boris Knerr, Sónia Paixão, Edgar R. Kramer, and Rüdiger Klein. "The Protein Dendrite Arborization and Synapse Maturation 1 (Dasm-1) Is Dispensable for Dendrite Arborization." Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no. 8 (February 11, 2008): 2782–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.02102-07.

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ABSTRACT The development of a highly branched dendritic tree is essential for the establishment of functional neuronal connections. The evolutionarily conserved immunoglobulin superfamily member, the protein dendrite arborization and synapse maturation 1 (Dasm-1) is thought to play a critical role in dendrite formation of dissociated hippocampal neurons. RNA interference-mediated Dasm-1 knockdown was previously shown to impair dendrite, but not axonal, outgrowth and branching (S. H. Shi, D. N. Cox, D. Wang, L. Y. Jan, and Y. N. Jan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:13341-13345, 2004). Here, we report the generation and analysis of Dasm-1 null mice. We find that genetic ablation of Dasm-1 does not interfere with hippocampal dendrite growth and branching in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the absence of Dasm-1 does not affect the modulation of dendritic outgrowth induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Importantly, the previously observed impairment in dendrite growth after Dasm-1 knockdown is also observed when the Dasm-1 knockdown is performed in cultured hippocampal neurons from Dasm-1 null mice. These findings indicate that the dendrite arborization phenotype was caused by off-target effects and that Dasm-1 is dispensable for hippocampal dendrite arborization.

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Peng, Jian, Jian Quan Tao, Shi Bo Fan, and Fu Sheng Pan. "Effect of Melt Superheating Treatment on the Microstructure of as Cast AZ61 Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.74.

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The influence of melt superheating treatment on microstructure of as cast AZ61 magnesium alloy was investigated at the melt superheating temperatures of 750°C, 800°C, 850°C, 900°C and 950°C respectively. The characteristics of dendrite spacing were analyzed and the component uniformity of the alloy was evaluated. The results showed that the melt superheating treatment could significantly refine the microstructure of the alloy. With the increase of the superheating temperature, the dendrite spacing gradually decreased. When the superheating temperature was 900°C, the primary dendrite spacing of 228.8μm and the secondary dendrite arm spacing of 11.2μm could be obtained. The concentrations of Al and Zn elements increased with the position change from the center of a dendrite to its primary dendrite spacing. With the increase of the superheating temperature, the distribution of Zn and Al in the alloy was more uniform under 850°C. The optimized superheating temperature of AZ61 alloy was 850-900°C.

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Rui, Menglong, Shufeng Bu, Liang Yuh Chew, Qiwei Wang, and Fengwei Yu. "The membrane protein Raw regulates dendrite pruning via the secretory pathway." Development 147, no. 19 (September 14, 2020): dev191155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.191155.

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ABSTRACTNeuronal pruning is essential for proper wiring of the nervous systems in invertebrates and vertebrates. Drosophila ddaC sensory neurons selectively prune their larval dendrites to sculpt the nervous system during early metamorphosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ddaC dendrite pruning remain elusive. Here, we identify an important and cell-autonomous role of the membrane protein Raw in dendrite pruning of ddaC neurons. Raw appears to regulate dendrite pruning via a novel mechanism, which is independent of JNK signaling. Importantly, we show that Raw promotes endocytosis and downregulation of the conserved L1-type cell-adhesion molecule Neuroglian (Nrg) prior to dendrite pruning. Moreover, Raw is required to modulate the secretory pathway by regulating the integrity of secretory organelles and efficient protein secretion. Mechanistically, Raw facilitates Nrg downregulation and dendrite pruning in part through regulation of the secretory pathway. Thus, this study reveals a JNK-independent role of Raw in regulating the secretory pathway and thereby promoting dendrite pruning.

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