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Journal articles on the topic 'Dendritic materials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Nenchev, Bogdan, Joel Strickland, Karl Tassenberg, Samuel Perry, Simon Gill, and Hongbiao Dong. "Automatic Recognition of Dendritic Solidification Structures: DenMap." Journal of Imaging 6, no. 4 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6040019.

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Dendrites are the predominant solidification structures in directionally solidified alloys and control the maximum length scale for segregation. The conventional industrial method for identification of dendrite cores and primary dendrite spacing is performed by time-consuming laborious manual measurement. In this work we developed a novel DenMap image processing and pattern recognition algorithm to identify dendritic cores. Systematic row scan with a specially selected template image over an image of interest is applied via a normalised cross-correlation algorithm. The DenMap algorithm locates the exact dendritic core position with a 98% accuracy for a batch of SEM images of typical as-cast CMSX-4® microstructures in under 90 s per image. Such accuracy is achieved due to a sequence of specially selected image pre-processing methods. Coupled with statistical analysis the model has the potential to gather large quantities of structural data accurately and rapidly, allowing for optimisation and quality control of industrial processes to improve mechanical and creep performance of materials.

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2

Takakura, Genki, Mukannan Arivanandhan, Kensaku Maeda, et al. "Dendritic Growth in Si1−xGex Melts." Crystals 11, no. 7 (2021): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070761.

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We investigated the types of dendrites grown in Si1−xGex (0 < x < 1) melts, and also investigated the initiation of dendrite growth during unidirectional growth of Si1-xGex alloys. Si1−xGex (0 < x < 1) is a semiconductor alloy with a completely miscible-type binary phase diagram. Therefore, Si1−xGex alloys are promising for use as epitaxial substrates for electronic devices owing to the fact that their band gap and lattice constant can be tuned by selecting the proper composition, and also for thermoelectric applications at elevated temperatures. On the other hand, regarding the fundamentals of solidification, some phenomena during the solidification process have not been clarified completely. Dendrite growth is a well-known phenomenon, which appears during the solidification processes of various materials. However, the details of dendrite growth in Si1−xGex (0 < x < 1) melts have not yet been reported. We attempted to observe dendritic growth in Si1−xGex (0 < x < 1) melts over a wide range of composition by an in situ observation technique. It was found that twin-related dendrites appear in Si1−xGex (0 < x < 1) melts. It was also found that faceted dendrites can be grown in directional solidification before instability of the crystal/melt interface occurs, when a growing crystal contains parallel twin boundaries.

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3

Alexandrov, Dmitri V., Peter K. Galenko, and Lyubov V. Toropova. "Thermo-solutal and kinetic modes of stable dendritic growth with different symmetries of crystalline anisotropy in the presence of convection." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2113 (2018): 20170215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0215.

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Motivated by important applications in materials science and geophysics, we consider the steady-state growth of anisotropic needle-like dendrites in undercooled binary mixtures with a forced convective flow. We analyse the stable mode of dendritic evolution in the case of small anisotropies of growth kinetics and surface energy for arbitrary Péclet numbers and n -fold symmetry of dendritic crystals. On the basis of solvability and stability theories, we formulate a selection criterion giving a stable combination between dendrite tip diameter and tip velocity. A set of nonlinear equations consisting of the solvability criterion and undercooling balance is solved analytically for the tip velocity V and tip diameter ρ of dendrites with n -fold symmetry in the absence of convective flow. The case of convective heat and mass transfer mechanisms in a binary mixture occurring as a result of intensive flows in the liquid phase is detailed. A selection criterion that describes such solidification conditions is derived. The theory under consideration comprises previously considered theoretical approaches and results as limiting cases. This article is part of the theme issue ‘From atomistic interfaces to dendritic patterns’. This article is part of the theme issue ‘From atomistic interfaces to dendritic patterns’.

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4

Lee, Jae Wook, Seung Choul Han, Byoung-Ki Kim, et al. "Facile synthesis of dendritic-linear-dendritic materials by click chemistry." Macromolecular Research 17, no. 7 (2009): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03218898.

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5

Hallensleben, Philipp, Felicitas Scholz, Pascal Thome, et al. "On Crystal Mosaicity in Single Crystal Ni-Based Superalloys." Crystals 9, no. 3 (2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9030149.

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In the present work, we investigate the evolution of mosaicity during seeded Bridgman processing of technical Ni-based single crystal superalloys (SXs). For this purpose, we combine solidification experiments performed at different withdrawal rates between 45 and 720 mm/h with advanced optical microscopy and quantitative image analysis. The results obtained in the present work suggest that crystal mosaicity represents an inherent feature of SXs, which is related to elementary stochastic processes which govern dendritic solidification. In SXs, mosaicity is related to two factors: inherited mosaicity of the seed crystal and dendrite deformation. Individual SXs have unique mosaicity fingerprints. Most crystals differ in this respect, even when they were produced using identical processing conditions. Small differences in the orientation spread of the seed crystals and small stochastic orientation deviations continuously accumulate during dendritic solidification. Direct evidence for dendrite bending in a seeded Bridgman growth process is provided. It was observed that continuous or sudden bending affects the growth directions of dendrites. We provide evidence which shows that some dendrites continuously bend by 1.7° over a solidification distance of 25 mm.

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6

Makarenko, Konstantin, Oleg Dubinin, and Igor Shishkovsky. "Analytical Evaluation of the Dendritic Structure Parameters and Crystallization Rate of Laser-Deposited Cu-Fe Functionally Graded Materials." Materials 13, no. 24 (2020): 5665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245665.

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The paper is devoted to the direct energy deposition (DED) of functionally graded materials (FGMs) created from stainless steel and aluminum bronze with 10% content of Al and 1% of Fe. The results of the microstructure analysis using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) demonstrate the existence of a dendritic structure in the specimens. The crystallization rate of the gradient binary Cu-Fe system structures was investigated and calculated using the model of a fast-moving concentrated source with an ellipsoid crystallization front. The width of the secondary elements of the dendrites in the crystallized slab was numerically estimated as 0.2 nm at the center point of the circle heat spot, and the two types of dendrites were predicted in the specimen: the dendrites from 0.2 to approximately 50 nm and from approximately 0.1 to 0.3 μm in width of the secondary elements. The results were found to be in good accordance with the measured experimental values of the dendritic structure geometry parameters.

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7

Glicksman, M. E., and A. O. Lupulescu. "Dendritic crystal growth in pure materials." Journal of Crystal Growth 264, no. 4 (2004): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.12.034.

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8

LIU, JUN, and DONGFENG XUE. "A GENERAL TEMPLATE-FREE AND SURFACTANT-FREE SOLUTION-BASED ROUTE TOWARDS DENDRITIC TRANSITION-METAL SULFIDE NANOSTRUCTURES." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 31n32 (2009): 3777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798490902182x.

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A template-free and surfactant-free hydrothermal method has been successfully developed to fabricate hierarchically dendritic metal sulfides ( PbS and CdS ). It has been found that the reaction temperature play important roles in the formation of well-defined sulfide dendritic nanostructures. A possible mechanism for the formation of present dendrites was proposed. The as-obtained transition-metal sulfide dendritic nanostructures may bring wide applications in optics, electricity, gas sensors, and other related fields. The synthetic route present in this work provides a new principle for the designing synthesis of dendritic metal sulfide nanomaterials and can be regarded as a general way to fabricate other metal chalcogenide materials.

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9

Xiao, J. Z., and H. W. Kui. "Solidification of undercooled molten Cu30Ni70." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 5 (1999): 1771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0239.

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Recently, it was demonstrated that grain refinement in undercooled Cu30Ni70 is brought about by a remelting of those initially formed dendrites (termed novel dendrites) which are unstable against melting. Also, it was found that in the same transition regime, there is a sharp drop in the specific volume of the undercooled specimens. Before entering into the transition regime, the novel dendrites found in an undercooled specimen are arranged in a regular pattern and the microstructures consist of large dendrites. Voids are found mainly at the dendritic spacings of the large dendrites. On the other hand, near the upper end of the transition regime, the microstructures consist of equiaxed refined grains. Furthermore, each of these grains contains a novel dendrite. Voids have moved to the interdendritic or grain boundaries. Based on these observations, a solidification mechanism of undercooled molten Cu30Ni70 is proposed.

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10

Allen, Jeffrey B. "Phase-field simulations of isomorphous binary alloys subject to isothermal and directional solidification." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 17, no. 5 (2021): 955–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-02-2021-0033.

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PurposeIn this work, with a goal to ultimately forward the advancement of additive manufacturing research, the author applies the Wheeler-Boettinger-McFadden model through a progressive series of increasingly complex solidification problems illustrating the evolution of both dendritic as well as columnar growth morphologies. For purposes of convenience, the author assumes idyllic solutions (i.e. the excess energies associated with mixing solid and liquid phases can be neglected).Design/methodology/approachIn this work, the author applied the phase-field model through a progressive series of increasingly complex solidification problems, illustrating the evolution of both dendritic as well as columnar growth morphologies. Beginning with a non-isothermal treatment of pure Ni, the author further examined the isothermal and directional solidification of Cu–Ni binary alloys.Findings(1) Consistent with previous simulation results, solidification simulations from each of the three cases revealed the presence of parabolic, dendrite tips evolving along directions of maximum interface energy. (2) For pure Ni simulations, changes in the anisotropy and noise magnitudes resulted in an increase of secondary dendritic branches and changes in the direction of propagation. The overall shape of the primary structure tended also to elongate with increased anisotropy. (3) For simulations of isothermal solidification of Ni–Cu binary alloys, the development of primary and secondary dendrite arm formation followed similar patterns associated with a pure substance. Calculations of dendrite tip velocity tended to increase monotonically with increasing anisotropy in accordance with previous research. (4) Simulations of directional solidification of Ni–Cu binary alloys with a linear temperature profile demonstrated the presence of cellular dendrites with relatively weak side-branching. The occurrence of solute trapping was also apparent between the primary dendrite columns. Dendrite tip velocities increased with increasing cooling rate.Originality/valueThis research, particularly the section devoted to directional solidification of binary alloys, describes a novel numerical framework and platform for the parametric analysis of various microstructural related quantities, including the effects due to changes in temperature gradient and cooling rate. Both the evolution of the phase and concentration are resolved.

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11

Wang, Shuo, Jinwu Kang, Xiaopeng Zhang, and Zhipeng Guo. "A Study on the Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Microstructure of Sn-30 wt.% Bi Alloy." Materials 11, no. 10 (2018): 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101870.

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The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the microstructure of Sn-30 wt.% Bi alloy was studied at different temperatures. Results showed that the ultrasonic treatment could effectively refine the microstructure of Sn-30 wt.% Bi alloy at a temperature range between the liquidus and solidus. Application of the ultrasound could fragment the primary Sn dendrites during solidification due to a mixed effect of ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic streaming. The divorced eutectic formed when the ultrasonic treatment was applied for the whole duration of the solidification. The eutectic phase grew and surrounded the primary Sn dendrite, and pure Bi phase grew in between the Sn dendritic fragments. The mechanism of the fragmentation of dendrites and the divorced eutectic structure by ultrasonic treatment was discussed.

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12

Cao, Xin, Huan Xia, and Xiangyu Zhao. "Toward dendrite-free alkaline zinc-based rechargeable batteries: A minireview." Functional Materials Letters 12, no. 05 (2019): 1930004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604719300044.

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Alkaline zinc-based rechargeable batteries (AZRBs) are competitive candidates for future electrical energy storage because of their low-cost, eco-friendliness and high energy density. However, plagued by dendrites, the AZRBs suffer from drastic decay in electrochemical properties and safety. This review elucidates fundamentals of zinc dendritic formation and summarizes the strategies, including electrode design and modification, electrolyte optimization and separator improvement, for suppressing zinc dendritic growth.

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13

Bejan, Adrian, and Sylvie Lorente. "Vascularized Multi-Functional Materials and Structures." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.511.

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Here we draw attention to the development of smart materials with embedded vasculatures that provide multiple functionality: volumetric cooling, self-healing, mechanical strength, etc. Vascularization is achieved by using tree-shaped (dendritic) and grid-shaped flow architectures. As length scales become smaller, dendritic vascularization provides dramatically superior volumetric bathing and transport properties than the use of bundles of parallel microchannels. Embedded grids of channels provide substantially better volumetric bathing when the channels have multiple diameters that are selected optimally and put in the right places. Two novel dendritic architectures are proposed: trees matched canopy to canopy, and trees that alternate with upside down trees. Both have optimized length scales and layouts. Flow architectures are derived from principle, in accordance with constructal theory, not by mimicking nature.

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14

Strickland, Joel, Bogdan Nenchev, and Hongbiao Dong. "On Directional Dendritic Growth and Primary Spacing—A Review." Crystals 10, no. 7 (2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070627.

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The primary spacing is intrinsically linked with the mechanical behavior of directionally solidified materials. Because of this relationship, a significant amount of solidification work is reported in the literature, which relates the primary spacing to the process variables. This review provides a comprehensive chronological narrative on the development of the directional dendritic growth problem over the past 85 years. A key focus within this review is detailing the relationship between key solidification parameters, the operating point of the dendrite tip, and the primary spacing. This review critiques the current state of directional dendritic growth and primary spacing modelling, briefly discusses dendritic growth computational and experimental research, and suggests areas for future investigation.

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15

Aryanfar, Asghar, Sajed Medlej, and William A. Goddard III. "Morphometry of Dendritic Materials in Rechargeable Batteries." Journal of Power Sources 481 (January 2021): 228914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228914.

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16

Campidelli, Stéphane, Julie Lenoble, Joaquín Barberá, et al. "Supramolecular Fullerene Materials: Dendritic Liquid-Crystalline Fulleropyrrolidines." Macromolecules 38, no. 19 (2005): 7915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma051359g.

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17

Hirst, Andrew R., David K. Smith, Martin C. Feiters, Huub P. M. Geurts, and Andrew C. Wright. "Two-Component Dendritic Gels: Easily Tunable Materials." Journal of the American Chemical Society 125, no. 30 (2003): 9010–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja036111q.

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18

Sun, Meng Le, and Yan Xin Yang. "Large Scale Synthesis of Dendritic CdS Nanostrucutres." Advanced Materials Research 643 (January 2013): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.643.186.

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Single crystalline CdS dendrites were successfully synthesized in high yield by a simple and facile hydrothermal method. The allyl thiourea and CdCl2•5H2O were used as raw materials for the synthesis of dendritic CdS nanostructures for the first time. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and selected area electron diffraction. The results demonstrate that the petal in an individual dendritic CdS nanoarchitecture is single crystalline and prefers growth along the [101] direction. The reaction parameters affected the CdS morphology were investigated systematically. It is found that the morphology of the samples are strongly dependent on the cadmium source, sulfide source, the reaction time and the solvent, the temperature has no effect on the morphology of the products. The possible mechanism was proposed for the formation of dendritic CdS nanostructures

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19

Kosorukova, Tetiana A., Gregory Gerstein, Valerii V. Odnosum, Yuri N. Koval, Hans Jürgen Maier, and Georgiy S. Firstov. "Microstructure Formation in Cast TiZrHfCoNiCu and CoNiCuAlGaIn High Entropy Shape Memory Alloys: A Comparison." Materials 12, no. 24 (2019): 4227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244227.

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The present study is dedicated to the microstructure characterization of the as-cast high entropy intermetallics that undergo a martensitic transformation, which is associated with the shape memory effect. It is shown that the TiZrHfCoNiCu system exhibits strong dendritic liquation, which leads to the formation of martensite crystals inside the dendrites. In contrast, in the CoNiCuAlGaIn system the dendritic liquation allows the martensite crystals to form only in interdendritic regions. This phenomenon together with the peculiarities of chemical inhomogeneities formed upon crystallization of this novel multicomponent shape memory alloys systems will be analyzed and discussed.

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20

Trivedi, R., and W. Kurz. "Dendritic growth." International Materials Reviews 39, no. 2 (1994): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/imr.1994.39.2.49.

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21

Xu, Qing Yan, Bai Cheng Liu, and Zuo Jian Liang. "Modeling of Dendritic Structure during Solidification Process Based on Cellular Automaton Model." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3137.

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Dendritic is the most observed microstructure in metallic materials. Traditional Cellular Automaton model can only predict the grain structure and grain size. It is necessary for us to modify the original model to reflect the real shape of dendrite. In the paper, a mathematical model was established to describe the evolution of the dendritic shape, in which the influence of microsegregation and curvature on undercooling was taking into account. In addition, the growth model was proposed based on the minimum free energy principle. Modeling results indicated the proposed models can predict not only grain structure, but also dendritic morphology. Free growth of equiaxed grains and the competitive growth of columnar grains were simulated. The modeling results were also validated with experiments.

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22

Zhao, Wei. "Bottom-Up Fabrication of Optical Metamaterials." Advanced Materials Research 910 (March 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.910.3.

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A metamaterial is an artificially structured material which attains its properties from the unit structure rather than the constituent materials. Here, artificially designed silver dendritic structure was used as basic cells to fabricate metamaterials working at IR frequency range, silver dendritic structure was prepared in the mixture of F127 and PEG, then assembled on glass substrate by self-assembly process and further fabricated into sandwich-like metamaterials with Indium-Tin-Oxides (ITO) glass. Micro-morphology of the dendrites array was examined by scanning electron microscopy. These complex-structured metamaterials exhibit pass-bands at IR frequencies, and show slab focusing effect subsequently.

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23

Chen, Weiliang, Shuhua Pang, Zheng Liu, Zhewei Yang, Xin Fan, and Dong Fang. "Hierarchical Dendritic Polypyrrole with High Specific Capacitance for High-performance Supercapacitor Electrode Materials." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 20, no. 4 (2017): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v20i4.449.

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Polypyrrole with hierarchical dendritic structures assembled with cauliflower-like structure of nanospheres, was synthesized by chemical oxidation polymerization. The structure of polyryrrole was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance was performed on CHI660 electrochemical workstation. The results show that oxalic acid has a significant effect on morphology of PPy products. The hierarchical dendritic PPyOA(3) electrodes possess a large specific capacitance as high as 744 F/g at a current density of 0.2 A/g and could achieve a higher specific capacitance of 362 F/g even at a current density of 5.0 A/g. Moreover, the dendritic PPy products produce a large surface area on the electrode through the formation of the channel structure with their assembled cauliflower-like morphology, which facilitates the charge/electron transfer relative to the spherical PPy electrode. The spherical dendritic PPyOA(3) electrode has 58% retention of initial specific capacitance after 260 cycles. The as-prepared dendritic polypyrrole with high performance is a promsing electrode material for supercapacitor.

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24

Carlmark, Anna, Craig Hawker, Anders Hult, and Michael Malkoch. "New methodologies in the construction of dendritic materials." Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, no. 2 (2009): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b711745k.

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25

Vasylyev, Maxym V., Ellen J. Wachtel, Ronit Popovitz-Biro, and Ronny Neumann. "Titanium Phosphonate Porous Materials Constructed from Dendritic Tetraphosphonates." Chemistry - A European Journal 12, no. 13 (2006): 3507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200501143.

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26

Jeong, Jun-Ho, Jonathan A. Dantzig, and Nigel Goldenfeld. "Dendritic growth with fluid flow in pure materials." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 34, no. 3 (2003): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0082-4.

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27

Wan, Weihao, Dongling Li, Haizhou Wang, et al. "Automatic Identification and Quantitative Characterization of Primary Dendrite Microstructure Based on Machine Learning." Crystals 11, no. 9 (2021): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091060.

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Dendrites are important microstructures in single-crystal superalloys. The distribution of dendrites is closely related to the heat treatment process and mechanical properties of single-crystal superalloys. The primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) is an important length scale to describe the distribution of dendrites. In this work, the second-generation single crystal superalloy HT901 with a diameter of 15 mm was imaged under a metallurgical microscope. An automatic dendrite core identification and full-field quantitative statistical analysis method is proposed to automatically detect the dendrite core and calculate the local PDAS. The Faster R-CNN algorithm combined with test time augmentation (TTA) technology is used to automatically identify the dendrite cores. The local multi-directional algorithm combined with Voronoi tessellation is used to determine the local nearest neighbor dendrite and calculate the local PDAS and coordination number. The accuracy of using Faster R-CNN combined with TTA to detect the dendrite core of HT901 reaches 98.4%, which is 15.9% higher than using Faster R-CNN alone. The algorithm calculates the local PDAS of all dendrites in H901 and captures the Gaussian distribution of the local PDAS. The average PDAS determined by the Gaussian distribution is 415 μm, which is only a small difference from the average spacing λ¯ (420 μm) calculated by the traditional method. The technology analyzes the relationship between the local PDAS and the distance from the center of the sample. The local PDAS near the center of HT901 are larger than those near the edge. The results suggests that the method enables the rapid, accurate and quantitative dendritic distribution characterization.

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28

Weener, J. W., and E. W. Meijer. "Photoresponsive Dendritic Monolayers." Advanced Materials 12, no. 10 (2000): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(200005)12:10<741::aid-adma741>3.0.co;2-6.

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29

Xie, Hongtao, Qin Geng, Xiaoyue Liu, et al. "Solvent-assisted synthesis of dendritic cerium hexacyanocobaltate and derived porous dendritic Co3O4/CeO2 as supercapacitor electrode materials." CrystEngComm 23, no. 8 (2021): 1704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce01726d.

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Here, we report a solvent-mediated synthetic route for preparing cerium hexacyanocobaltate with a dendritic shape. The porous dendritic Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub> was prepared after annealing at 500 °C, served as a supercapacitor electrode.

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30

Oladele, Olabode, Chen Chen, Fei Yan, Branislav Vlahovic, and Yongan Tang. "Simulation and synthesis of silver dendritic nanostructures for surface-enhanced Raman scattering." Materials Express 9, no. 9 (2019): 1082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2019.1603.

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Silver dendritic nanostructures (AgD) is investigated for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with simulation and experiments, the simulations showed that there is a significant absorbance over a broad spectrum from the AgD, this indicated that AgD is a good candidate for SERS. The simulations helped to study the parameters of the AgD that affects the SERS and we applied these simulation results for experimental designs, in which our experimental results of synthesis and characterization results of Raman spectrum showed consistence with the simulation results. These simulation results are very helpful in deciding the experimental parameters for efficient and effective synthesizing and reproduction of hierarchical silver dendritic nanostructure. The AgD were produced using displacement redox reaction between AgNO3 solution and Copper foil. We found that the concentration of AgNO3 played major role on the rate of reaction, and the rapid growth of the silver nanostructures was observed as the reaction time increases. The structural and morphological evolution of silver dendrites was examined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The Raman enhancement of AgDs was evaluated using Elman's reagent (DTNB) and Rhodamine 6G (R6G). The silver dendrites have great potential for diverse sensing applications ranging from food safety control, environmental monitoring and assessment, forensic investigation, and to medical diagnosis.

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31

Scholz, Felicitas, Mustafa Cevik, Philipp Hallensleben, Pascal Thome, Gunther Eggeler, and Jan Frenzel. "A 3D Analysis of Dendritic Solidification and Mosaicity in Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys." Materials 14, no. 17 (2021): 4904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174904.

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Ni-based single crystal superalloys contain microstructural regions that are separated by low-angle grain boundaries. This gives rise to the phenomenon of mosaicity. In the literature, this type of defect has been associated with the deformation of dendrites during Bridgman solidification. The present study introduces a novel serial sectioning method that allows to rationalize mosaicity on the basis of spatial dendrite growth. Optical wide-field micrographs were taken from a series of cross sections and evaluated using quantitative image analysis. This allowed to explore the growth directions of close to 2500 dendrites in a large specimen volume of approximately 450 mm3. The application of tomography in combination with the rotation vector base-line electron back-scatter diffraction method allowed to analyze how small angular differences evolve in the early stages of solidification. It was found that the microstructure consists of dendrites with individual growth directions that deviate up to ≈4° from the average growth direction of all dendrites. Generally, individual dendrite growth directions coincide with crystallographic <001> directions. The quantitative evaluation of the rich data sets obtained with the present method aims at contributing to a better understanding of elementary processes that govern competitive dendrite growth and crystal mosaicity.

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32

Zeng, H. C., and L. C. Lim. "Secondary ionic forces in lead molybdate melt solidification." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 6 (1998): 1426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0203.

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We report a dendritic crystallization of ionic melt of lead molybdate (PbMoO4) under a concentric thermal field. The solidified melt is a PbMoO4 single crystal with [001] axis normal to surface. The dendrite arms propagate and branch along 〈310〉 and 〈130〉, forming a well-organized surface structure. It is evident that the interaction between a cation to its second-nearest anions determines the dendrite development and meltsolidification.

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33

Tomalia, Donald A. "The dendritic state." Materials Today 8, no. 3 (2005): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(05)00746-7.

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34

Park, Sangeun, Saif Haider Kayani, Hyungrae Kim, et al. "Effect of Interdendritic Precipitations on the Mechanical Properties of GBF or EMS Processed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys." Crystals 11, no. 10 (2021): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101162.

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The effects of nanoprecipitations on the mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys after GBF (gas bubbling filtration) and EMS (electromagnetic stirring) casting were investigated. Dendritic cell structures were formed after GBF processing, while globular dendritic structures were nucleated after EMS processing. Equiaxed cell sizes were smaller in the EMS-processed specimens compared to the GBF-processed specimens, confirmed by EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) analysis. Nanoprecipitations of η′ phases inside of dendrites were observed by TEM (transmission electron microscope), and other Fe-bearing compounds were located in the dendritic boundaries. The yield strength of the T4 and T6 heat-treated specimens was close to 400 MPa and 500 MPa, respectively. Fractographic analysis was performed to investigate the effect of precipitations on tensile fracture.

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35

Keselowsky, Benjamin G., and Jamal S. Lewis. "Dendritic cells in the host response to implanted materials." Seminars in Immunology 29 (February 2017): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2017.04.002.

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Ingverud, Tobias, Johan Erlandsson, Lars Wågberg, and Michael Malkoch. "Dendritic Polyampholyte-Assisted Formation of Functional Cellulose Nanofibril Materials." Biomacromolecules 21, no. 7 (2020): 2856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00573.

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DAGANI, RON. "Chemists Explore Potential Of Dendritic Macromolecules As Functional Materials." Chemical & Engineering News 74, no. 23 (1996): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n023.p030.

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Wen, Z., A. Baek, and N. H. Farhat. "Optoelectronic neural dendritic tree processing with electron-trapping materials." Optics Letters 20, no. 6 (1995): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.20.000614.

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Ali, Omar A., Nathaniel Huebsch, Lan Cao, Glenn Dranoff, and David J. Mooney. "Infection-mimicking materials to program dendritic cells in situ." Nature Materials 8, no. 2 (2009): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat2357.

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Frechet, J. M. J., M. Henmi, I. Gitsov, S. Aoshima, M. R. Leduc, and R. B. Grubbs. "Self-Condensing Vinyl Polymerization: An Approach to Dendritic Materials." Science 269, no. 5227 (1995): 1080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5227.1080.

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Huang, Qing, and Lian Gao. "Simple Route for Synthesis of PbS Dendritic Nanostructured Materials." Chemistry Letters 33, no. 10 (2004): 1338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2004.1338.

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Liu, Feng, Yuzeng Chen, Gencang Yang, Yiping Lu, Zheng Chen, and Yaohe Zhou. "Competitions incorporated in rapid solidification of the bulk undercooled eutectic Ni78.6Si21.4 alloy." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 10 (2007): 2953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0380.

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Adopting glass fluxing and cyclic superheating, high undercooling up to ∼550 K was achieved in bulk eutectic Ni78.6Si21.4 alloy melt. With increasing undercooling, the as-solidified microstructure shows an interesting evolution, i.e., regular lamellar eutectic, coarse directional dendrite, quasi-spherical dendritic colony, fine directional dendrite, fine quasi-spherical dendritic colony, and superfine anomalous eutectic. In combination with different theories for nucleation and growth, the microstructure evolution was analyzed and described using competitions incorporated in rapid solidification of the bulk undercooled eutectic Ni78.6Si21.4 alloy. For undercooling below and above 180 K, Ni3Si, and α-Ni are primarily solidified, respectively. This phase selection can be ascribed to competitive nucleation. As undercooling increases, a transition of the prevalent nucleation mode from site saturation to continuous nucleation was interpreted in terms of competition of nucleation mode. Accordingly, the superfine anomalous eutectic is obtained, due to the substantially increased continuous nucleation rate, i.e., grain refinement occurring at high undercooling (e.g., ∼550 K).

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Wu, Tai-Jung, Sheng-Long Jeng, and Junn-Yuan Huang. "The Weld Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Alloy 52 and Its Variants with Applied Electromagnetic Stirring during Welding." Metals 11, no. 2 (2021): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020351.

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This study investigated the impact of electromagnetic stirring (EMS) on nickel-base alloy welds prepared with the gas tungsten arc welding process. Alloy 52 and its variants, Alloy 52M and Alloy 52MSS, were carefully evaluated with their weld microstructure and mechanical properties. The results showed that the welds exhibited a typical microstructure of dendrites, and that the dendrites could be refined by electromagnetic stirring. Meanwhile, with an application of EMS, the precipitates became smaller and more evenly distributed in the inter-dendritic areas. Ti(N,C)s, Nb/(Nb,Si)Cs, and large-scale Laves phase with (Nb,Mo,Ti)Cs were the precipitates present in the Alloy 52, Alloy 52M, and Alloy 52MSS welds, respectively. With the refined microstructure, both Alloy 52 and Alloy 52M welds were observed to have an increase in their tensile strength, with a decrease in their elongations. Comparatively, for the Alloy 52MSS weld, the tensile strength was enhanced along with a slight increase in elongation. Deep and dense dimples were a dominant feature of low-Nb-additions welds, and dendrite-like features were found prevalent among the Alloy 52MSS welds. With EMS, the dimples of Alloy 52 welds and the dendrite-like features of Alloy 52MSS welds became finer, while the dimples of Alloy 52M welds grew coarser.

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Zhang, Hongyu, Shunlong Ju, Guanglin Xia, Dalin Sun, and Xuebin Yu. "Dendrite‐Free Li‐Metal Anode Enabled by Dendritic Structure." Advanced Functional Materials 31, no. 16 (2021): 2009712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202009712.

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Wang, Yabin, Xin Du, Zhong Liu, Shihui Shi, and Haiming Lv. "Dendritic fibrous nano-particles (DFNPs): rising stars of mesoporous materials." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 10 (2019): 5111–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta09815h.

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This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the dendritic fibrous nano-particle (DFNP) family including its origin, synthesis methods, structural characteristics and models, promising applications, and so forth.

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Ullah, M. Habib, Haram Moon, and Chang-Sik Ha. "Effect of pHs on the Structure Evolution of Platinum Nanoclusters and Their Surface Plasmon Resonance Properties." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 9 (2021): 4700–4704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19287.

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Multi-structured platinum nanoclusters have been prepared through a one-step aqueous synthetic process by controlling pHs. The included structures are closely packed 3-dimensional (3D) dendrites, loosely packed 3D dendrites, short-order dendritic chains, long-order dendritic chains, flatten nanoclusters and monodisperse nanoparticles. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy images (HRTEM) display that the nanoclusters with a variety of structures are filled with grains of average size ~2.0 nm. The images of the nanoclusters demonstrated that Pt nanoparticles were not fused to each other, but their aggregations were separated by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The as-prepared Pt nanomaterials were studied by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy to identify their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) activities. The structure dependent SPR signals have been observed from 200 nm–800 nm.

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Lambert, Joseph B., Jodi L. Pflug, Hongwei Wu, and Xiaoyang Liu. "Dendritic polysilanes." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 685, no. 1-2 (2003): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00640-5.

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Tsukruk, Vladimir V. "Dendritic Macromolecules at Interfaces." Advanced Materials 10, no. 3 (1998): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199802)10:3<253::aid-adma253>3.0.co;2-e.

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Lancelot, Alexandre, Rebeca González-Pastor, Rafael Clavería-Gimeno, et al. "Cationic poly(ester amide) dendrimers: alluring materials for biomedical applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, no. 23 (2018): 3956–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb00639c.

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Gollub, J. P., and L. M. Sander. "Pattern Formation in Materials Science." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 6 (1987): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400067336.

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The growth of materials at interfaces frequently leads to patterns with length scales that can be much larger than atomic sizes. Patterns resulting from morphological instabilities occur during crystal growth and are responsible for the intricate shapes of snowflakes, dendritic crystals, and the like. They also occur during the electrochemical deposition of metals on surfaces, and during the growth of thin films by vapor deposition. Our purpose is to point out some particularly interesting connections that have come to be appreciated during the past five years between different types of pattern-forming phenomena, and to summarize some recent theoretical approaches to understanding them.The phenomenon of dendritic crystal growth, though studied for many years, is still a great challenge. As an example, we show the development of a needle crystal of ammonium bromide (NH4Br) from supersaturated aqueous solution in Figure 1. The contours are cross sections of the interface at 20-second intervals, obtained by digital image analysis. One can see that an approximately parabolic tip translates at constant speed, and that the needle crystal is apparently unstable to the development of a train of sidebranches that propagate outward from the main stem but do not move forward with the tip.

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