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Edwards, Carolyn Jane. "Immunopathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6840.
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This thesis aims to investigate human antibody responses to dengue virus. Dengue virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that circulates as 4 distinct serotypes in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. It is known that immunity to one serotype of the virus can be life-long but upon infection with a different serotype there is a much higher incidence of severe disease. Antibodies play an important role in this immunopathogenesis. Serotype cross-reactive antibodies have been shown to enhance the uptake of virus by Fc receptor-bearing host cells, thereby increasing the number of cells infected and the viral load. The work presented will address this concept of antibody-dependent enhancement as part of a study of the antibody repertoire in patients with primary and secondary infections. The antibody response to dengue virus was investigated by producing monoclonal antibodies from patients. Antibody variable region sequences were cloned from B cells and expressed as whole human IgG; allowing the specificity, neutralisation and enhancement features to be identified. By generating a range of antibodies it was possible to investigate the breadth of the B cell response. The B cell response was highly diverse, with a range of clones stimulated. The antibody variable region sequences were analysed to identify features within the repertoire of antibodies stimulated. Additionally, this work describes production of an antigen display tool for characterisation of antibody target epitopes. Dengue virus envelope protein was expressed on the surface of yeast cells and a mutant library was created to map epitopes of monoclonal antibody binding. This work dissects the humoral immune response to dengue virus and contributes to the understanding of the immunopathology. This information could be used in creation of therapeutic antibodies or to assist in vaccine design and evaluation.
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Souza, NatÃlia Vasconcelos de. "Identification of dengue fever syndrome in patients with acute." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16566.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA dengue à considerada a mais importante arbovirose transmitida aos seres humanos. De acordo com a OrganizaÃÃo Mundial da SaÃde (OMS), calcula-se que entre 50 a 100 milhÃes de pessoas infectadas surjam anualmente em mais de 100 paÃses. Em mÃdia 550 mil doentes necessitam de hospitalizaÃÃo e 20 mil morrem devido à doenÃa. Contudo, a maioria dos casos sÃo assintomÃticos, podendo gerar a nÃo procura por atendimento mÃdico e, como consequÃncia, a subestimaÃÃo dos casos da doenÃa. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar os principais sintomas apresentados pelos participantes com suspeita clÃnica de dengue, atendidos em instituiÃÃes de atenÃÃo primÃria e terciÃria localizadas no municÃpio de Fortaleza. Foram avaliados 114 participantes com suspeita clÃnica de dengue, recrutados no ambulatÃrio e na enfermaria do Hospital SÃo Josà de DoenÃas Infecciosas e nas Unidades de atenÃÃo primÃria à saÃde (UAPS) Mattos Dourado e Francisco Pereira de Almeida, no municÃpio de Fortaleza, no perÃodo de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014. Os testes de diagnÃstico especÃfico realizados para dengue foram: imunocromatogrÃfico NS1, imunoenzimÃtico ELISA IgM e IgG. Dos 114 participantes, 78 (68,42%) foram positivos para dengue em pelo menos um dos testes especÃficos realizados, sendo 74 (64,9%) positivos para IgM , 3 (2,6%) para o NS1 e 1 (0,8%) participante foi positivo em ambos os testes. A faixa etÃria mais acometida foi entre 20 â 39 anos, sendo diagnosticados participantes com dengue em todos os meses de recrutamento. Observou-se uma considerÃvel incidÃncia de pacientes com possÃvel infecÃÃo secundÃria, sugerindo uma ampla circulaÃÃo do vÃrus no Estado do CearÃ, tornando-se necessÃria a aplicaÃÃo de aÃÃes mais efetivas para a contenÃÃo do agente transmissor e uma maior conscientizaÃÃo da populaÃÃo. As amostras utilizadas para realizaÃÃo do teste ELISA IgM foram coletadas do 1 ao 5 dia de sintomas, nÃo sendo este o sugerido pela OMS para realizaÃÃo do teste, porÃm obtendo uma alta positividade, estes resultados demonstram a necessidade de mais estudos a cerca da aplicaÃÃo desta ferramenta para se obter um diagnÃstico mais precoce , permitindo que este paciente seja conduzido de forma mais rÃpida, auxiliando assim na sua melhora e impedindo que evolua para quadros mais graves.
Dengue is considered one arbovirus more important transmitted to humans. Of the Agreement with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that between 50-100 million people infected annually arise in over 100 Countries. Medium 550 thousand patients require hospitalization and 20,000 die from the disease. However, most cases are asymptomatic and can generate a not in seeking medical care and, as a consequence, an underestimation of the disease cases. The present study aimed to identify the main symptoms presented those participants with clinical suspicion of dengue, attended in primary care and tertiary institutions located in Fortaleza. Were evaluated 114 participants with clinical suspicion of dengue were recruited in and Clinic in the ward of SÃo Josà Hospital for Infectious Diseases and NAS Units Primary Health Care (UAP) Mattos Dourado and Francisco Pereira de Almeida, in Fortaleza, in the period January 2013 to December 2014. The specific diagnosis of testicular done paragraph dengue Were: NS1 immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent ELISA IgG and IgM. Of the 114 participants, 78 (68.42%) Were Positive paragraph dengue in less than hum hair testicles Specific done, BEING 74 (64.9%) IgM Positive paragraph, 3 (2.6%) for NS1 and 1 (0, 8%) participants was positive in both techniques. The most affected age group was between 20-39 years old, being diagnosed with dengue participants in all month recruitment. There was considerable a incidence patients with possible secondary infection, suggesting a wide circulation make any Ceara State viruses, making it necessary an application effective actions paragraph once the transmitter agent and containment a greater awareness of the population. As samples used for IgM ELISA Test realization collected were do 1 at the 5th day of symptoms, not being the suggested by WHO to Test procedure, however getting a high positivity, these results show the need for more studies a fence application of this tool paragraph to get more early human diagnosis, allowing que this patient be conducted faster way, assisting in your so improvement and preventing que of this evolve for tables more graves.
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O'Neill, Shannon M. "The Effect of Changing Environmental Factors on the Resurgence of Dengue Fever and Severe Dengue." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1308.
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Throughout the early twentieth century, dengue fever was considered to be a nonthreatening illness, only infecting visitors of the tropics. However, in the last fifty years, there has been a resurgence of dengue fever; it is now considered to be the most consequential arbovirus, infecting more than 50 million people each year and leaving about half of the world's current population at risk of infection. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the various environmental factors that have contributed to the resurgence of dengue fever that has been seen in the last half century. Most notable of these factors are climate change and the increasing urbanization associated with population growth. Specifically, increasing temperatures and precipitation increases the available habitat for the dengue fever vector, the Aedes mosquito, while concurrently increasing both the longevity of the virus and the mosquito. Furthermore, changing sociodemographic factors associated with urbanization have helped spread the mosquito around the world, as the vector largely relies on human transportation. Finally, substandard housing often associated with insufficient water management systems creates the ideal breeding spots for the dengue vector. The Aedes mosquito is known to be one of the most versatile and one of the toughest mosquitoes in the world, which has allowed it to quickly adapt and succeed in these changing environments. Understanding these factors and their influence on the spread of dengue fever is vital in order to effectively manage current and future outbreaks. This is specifically important in regards to dengue fever and severe dengue as no vaccine or medications currently exists to treat this virus.
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Alkhaldy, Ibrahim. "A spatial analysis of dengue fever and an analysis of dengue control strategies in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10241.
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Dengue fever poses a constant serious risk and continues to be a major public health threat in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the city of Jeddah where, since 2006, despite formally introduced Control Strategies, there has been a significant increase in the number of cases. International literature suggests that a range of variables can influence the persistence of dengue, including climatic conditions, the quality of the urban environment, socioeconomic status and control strategies.
The overall aims of this research are to understand neighbourhood influences on the pattern of dengue fever across Jeddah City and to make a preliminary determination of the enabling factors for, and barriers to, the effective implementation of the Control Strategies for dengue fever in Jeddah City.
A mixed methods research design using quantitative and qualitative data was used. Quantitative data were obtained from administrative sources for dengue fever cases and some of the spatial and temporal variables associated with them, but new variables were created for neighbourhood status and the presence of surface water. Qualitative data are drawn from key informant interviews with 15 people who were, or who had been, working on dengue fever Control Strategies. A qualitative descriptive analysis was based on pre- determined and emergent themes.
The spatial and temporal analysis of the variables related to dengue fever in Jeddah City neighbourhoods revealed that neighbourhood status has a direct relationship with dengue fever cases, which is mediated through population density and the presence of non- Saudi immigrants. While there was no relationship with the presence of swamps, seasonal variations in the incidence of dengue were most pronounced in neighbourhoods of low socioeconomic status. The qualitative review of dengue Control Strategies indicated five themes: (1) workforce characteristics and capability, (2) knowledge about dengue fever in Saudi Arabia and Jeddah City, (3) operational strategies for dengue fever control in Jeddah City, (4) the progress of implementation, and (5) overall view of the Government strategies in Jeddah City. This analysis found that the Strategies were well regarded but that aspects of implementation were not always effective. Nevertheless, both quantitative and qualitative results showed the persistence dengue fever problems in Jeddah City neighbourhoods and suggested how cases might be controlled.
The number of dengue fever cases in Jeddah City neighbourhoods could continue to rise if the direct and indirect variables affecting dengue fever at the neighbourhood level are not well controlled. Careful attention to the further monitoring of patterns of dengue and specific neighbourhood Control Strategies are recommended, and established Control Strategies need to be implemented as designed. Nonetheless, there is still a need to develop new approaches that can examine and address neighbourhood level issues of dengue fever control.
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Nikin-Beers, Ryan Patrick. "Mathematical Modeling of Dengue Viral Infection." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48594.
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In recent years, dengue viral infection has become one of the most widely-spread mosquito-borne diseases in the world, with an estimated 50-100 million cases annually, resulting in 500,000 hospitalizations. Due to the nature of the immune response to each of the four serotypes of dengue virus, secondary infections of dengue put patients at higher risk for more severe infection as opposed to primary infections. The current hypothesis for this phenomenon is antibody-dependent enhancement, where strain-specific antibodies from the primary infection enhance infection by a heterologous serotype. To determine the mechanisms responsible for the increase in disease severity, we develop mathematical models of within-host virus-cell interaction, epidemiological models of virus transmission, and a combination of the within-host and between-host models. The main results of this thesis focus on the within-host model. We model the effects of antibody responses against primary and secondary virus strains. We find that secondary infections lead to a reduction of virus removal. This is slightly different than the current antibody-dependent enhancement hypothesis, which suggests that the rate of virus infectivity is higher during secondary infections due to antibody failure to neutralize the virus. We use the results from the within-host model in an epidemiological multi-scale model. We start by constructing a two-strain SIR model and vary the parameters to account for the effect of antibody-dependent enhancement.Master of Science
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Loke, Hsin. "Genetic susceptibility and cellular immunology studies on dengue haemorrhagic fever." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299077.
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Cabrera, Maritza. "Spatio-temporal modelling of dengue fever in Zulia state, Venezuela." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616878.
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Over half of the world's population are at risk of infection from dengue fever (Guha-Sapir 2005). This viral disease is transmitted by the female Aedes aegypti mosquito and is the major source of human death in the world when compared with any other vector borne disease (Gubler1998a). The first important epidemic of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) in America was reported in Cuba in 1981 and subsequently in Venezuela during 1989 and 1990 (Oletta2006, Brightmer1998). There has been a trend of increased incidence in many Central and South American countries since 1990 - Brazil, Venezuela, Honduras and Mexico (SanMartin2010) with Venezuela having the highest number of cases of DHF. The urgent need for more effective public health measures to combat this disease in Venezuela drove the decision to undertake the work described in this dissertation. Spatio-Temporal modelling has been developed for the prediction of the occurrence of dengue fever in Zulia state, Venezuela. A systematic approach has been adopted to validate this tool. At the first stage of the analysis an exploratory study was performed to underline the most significant features of the dynamics of incidence rates of dengue fever from 2002 to 2008. In the second stage a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) approach was used in the form of Negative Binomial Generalized Linear Mixed model (GLMM) to compare Relative Risk (RR) across exposure groups by age and sex, using an epidemiological dataset covering the whole of Zulia State, Venezuela. This approach used both a frequentist and a Bayesian perspective for comparative purposes of both outcomes and methodologies. Finally a Spatio-Temporal model was constructed based on Generalized Additive Mixed model (GAMM) framework because the earlier analysis identified a complex association between covariates and response variables. This GAMM structure was further developed so that it could be used to help predict future outbreaks of the disease in Zulia state with a good degree of accuracy.
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del, Valle-Mendoza Juana, Carlos Palomares-Reyes, Hugo Carrillo-Ng, Yordi Tarazona-Castro, Sungmin Kym, Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis, Valle Luis J. Del, et al. "Leptospirosis in febrile patients with suspected diagnosis of dengue fever." BioMed Central Ltd, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657332.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis among febrile patients with a suspicious clinical diagnosis of dengue fever in northern Peru. Results: A total of 276 serum samples from patients with acute febrile illness (AFI) and suspected diagnosis for dengue virus (DENV) were analyzed. We identified an etiological agent in 121 (47.5%) patients, DENV was detected in 30.4% of the cases, leptospirosis in 11.2% and co-infection by both pathogens was observed in 5.9% of the patients. In this study the most common clinical symptoms reported by the patients were: headache 89.1%, myalgias 86.9% and arthralgias 82.9%. No differences in symptomatology was observed among the different study groups.
National Research Foundation of Korea
Revisión por pares
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Egger, Joseph. "Improving surveillance of dengue fever in Asia and the Americas." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536862.
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Jacobs, Michael Graham. "Membrane association of dengue 2 virus non-structural protein 1." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325917.
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Hasemann, Jose Enrique. "Dengue Fever in Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Use of the Explanatory Model in a Sample of Urban Neighborhoods to Contextualize and Define Dengue Fever Among Community Participants." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3728.
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This project elucidated the explanatory model of dengue fever held by members of urban communities in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. The study was conducted over a four-month period from May-August of 2011, and it was divided into two stages. The first stage of the project consisted of volunteer participation with dengue fever surveillance brigades in the three communities with the highest incidence of dengue fever during the beginning of 2011. This initial stage employed participant observation as its research method. The second stage was conducted in a different community within Tegucigalpa. The primary research methods employed during the second stage of the project were participant observation, semi-structured questionnaires (n=18), and ethnographic surveys (n=32). The semi-structured questionnaires were conducted in three different low-socioeconomic status neighborhoods within the research community, and the ethnographic surveys were administered in a higher-socioeconomic status neighborhood within the same community. Participant observation was conducted in all four neighborhoods. The conceptions of dengue fever were evaluated across differing socio-economic statuses and the possibility of a folk characterization of dengue fever was investigated. The study also explored new avenues for prevention and assessed the impact of surveillance and informational campaigns. In significant aspects, the results from this study ran contrary to previous investigations on the topic (Kendall et al 1991); the results indicated that participants had an explanatory model of dengue fever very
similar to the biomedical explanatory model. However, results also indicated that participants had a local-particular, etiological characterization of dengue fever that did not coincide with the biomedical explanatory model of dengue fever. In the latter respect, results were similar to those reported by Kendall et al (1991). Similarly, the participants in this study recognized poor communal cohesion and inadequate/inefficient governmental support or intervention as a prime promoter of dengue fever. The lack of communal cohesion and tension towards governmental authorities in relation to dengue fever has been described by Whiteford (1997). Finally, there were no apparent differences in the explanatory models held by low-socioeconomic status and high-socioeconomic status participants. This study contributes to the fields of anthropology and public health by 1) exploring differences in explanatory models across socio-economic status, 2) discussing local etiologies of dengue fever relating to dirt/filth, and 3) assessing local conceptions of dengue fever within the framework of a folk illness.
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Hii, Yien Ling. "Climate and dengue fever : early warning based on temperature and rainfall." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68040.
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Background: Dengue is a viral infectious disease that is transmitted by mosquitoes. The disease causes a significant health burden in tropical countries, and has been a public health burden in Singapore for several decades. Severe complications such as hemorrhage can develop and lead to fatal outcomes. Before tetravalent vaccine and drugs are available, vector control is the key component to control dengue transmission. Vector control activities need to be guided by surveillance of outbreak and implement timely action to suppress dengue transmission and limit the risk of further spread. This study aims to explore the feasibility of developing a dengue early warning system using temperature and rainfall as main predictors. The objectives were to 1) analyze the relationship between dengue cases and weather predictors, 2) identify the optimal lead time required for a dengue early warning, 3) develop forecasting models, and 4) translate forecasts to dengue risk indices. Methods: Poisson multivariate regression models were established to analyze relative risks of dengue corresponding to each unit change of weekly mean temperature and cumulative rainfall at lag of 1-20 weeks. Duration of vector control for localized outbreaks was analyzed to identify the time required by local authority to respond to an early warning. Then, dengue forecasting models were developed using Poisson multivariate regression. Autoregression, trend, and seasonality were considered in the models to account for risk factors other than temperature and rainfall. Model selection and validation were performed using various statistical methods. Forecast precision was analyzed using cross-validation, Receiver Operating Characteristics curve, and root mean square errors. Finally, forecasts were translated into stratified dengue risk indices in time series formats. Results: Findings showed weekly mean temperature and cumulative rainfall preceded higher relative risk of dengue by 9-16 weeks and that a forecast with at least 3 months would provide sufficient time for mitigation in Singapore. Results showed possibility of predicting dengue cases 1-16 weeks using temperature and rainfall; whereas, consideration of autoregression and trend further enhance forecast precision. Sensitivity analysis showed the forecasting models could detect outbreak and non-outbreak at above 90% with less than 20% false positive. Forecasts were translated into stratified dengue risk indices using color codes and indices ranging from 1-10 in calendar or time sequence formats. Simplified risk indices interpreted forecast according to annual alert and outbreak thresholds; thus, provided uniform interpretation. Significance: A prediction model was developed that forecasted a prognosis of dengue up to 16 weeks in advance with sufficient accuracy. Such a prognosis can be used as an early warning to enhance evidence-based decision making and effective use of public health resources as well as improved effectiveness of dengue surveillance and control. Simple and clear dengue risk indices improve communications to stakeholders.
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McGinley, Susan. "This mosquito loves Tucson: Monsoon Conditions Support Carrier of Dengue Fever." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622237.
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Moran, Christopher Edward. "The role of T-lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever." Thesis, Open University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439233.
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Aswi. "Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling of small areas: Dengue fever in Makassar Indonesia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/200547/1/_Aswi_Thesis.pdf.
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Dengue fever is still a serious problem in Indonesia, including Makassar. This thesis evaluates and applies different Bayesian spatial and spatio-temporal models when there are a small number of areas plus extends Bayesian spatial Weibull and Semiparametric Cox survival models to describe dengue hospital duration spatial patterns to help understand dengue fever in Makassar Indonesia. The key objectives are to investigate the impact of a small number of areas on the estimation of spatial and spatio-temporal models. The convenience of using Bayesian spatial and spatio-temporal models on dengue fever is clearly demonstrated through this detailed and comprehensive analysis.
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Valadares, Adriane Feitosa. "CARACTERÍSTICAS EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS E AMBIENTAIS RELACIONADAS A DENGUE EM DUAS MAIORES CIDADES DO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS EM UM PERÍODO DE ONZE ANOS (2000 A 2010)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2012. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2918.
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Previous issue date: 2012-11-27Dengue is a growing public health issue worldwide. As a result of their environmental, climatic and social characteristics, tropical countries are those most affected. The objectives of the present study conducted in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, were: to identify the demographic characteristics of notified and confirmed cases of dengue; to calculate the incidence rate of confirmed cases of dengue; to investigate the correlation between confirmed cases and the number of hospitalizations for this disease; to correlate the number of hospitalizations and the number of severe cases; to describe the circulating serotypes identified; to investigate the correlation between the house infestation index and the incidence rate of dengue; and to investigate the correlation between environmental factors such as mean annual temperature and mean rainfall with the annual incidence rate of dengue. This was an ecological, longitudinal study conducted by evaluating secondary data for the 2000- 2010 period obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health s notifiable diseases database, the yellow fever and dengue database, the localities database, the hospital admissions database and from the dengue and yellow fever management unit of the Tocantins State Health Department. The mean temperatures in degrees Celsius and the mean rainfall in millimeters were supplied by the National Meteorology Institute. The data on viral isolation and serotyping were obtained from the Tocantins Central Public Health Laboratory. The inclusion criterion adopted in this study consisted of municipalities in the state of Tocantins with populations of more than 100,000 inhabitants in this case, Palmas and Araguaína. A total of 48,246 suspected cases of dengue were notified during the period and 23,614 (49%) were confirmed. Of these, 118 (0.5%) were classified as severe cases and 7 deaths occurred (5.9%). The highest prevalence of the disease occurred in females (52.9%), in individuals of 20-39 years of age (46.5%), in those living in urban areas (97.6%) and in brown-skinned individuals (51.5%). There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the variables evaluated. The highest incidence of dengue occurred in 2007; however, the greatest number of severe cases registered was in 2008, although no deaths were recorded. Of the hospitalized patients, 13% were classified as severe cases. There was a positive and significant correlation between the number of confirmed cases and the number of hospitalizations (r = 0.77; p < 0.05), as well as between hospitalizations and severe cases (r = 0.79; p < 0.05). The serotypes isolated were DENV 1, DENV 2 and DENV 3. There was a positive, albeit non-significant, correlation between the house infestation index and the incidence of the disease (r = 0.59; p > 0.05). With respect to the abiotic factors, no correlation was found between mean rainfall or mean annual temperature and the incidence rate. In conclusion, the highest incidence of dengue occurred in 2007 and the greatest number of severe cases occurred in 2008, albeit with no deaths. These findings indicate that dengue affects predominantly females, individuals of 20-39 years of age, brown-skinned individuals and those residing in urban areas. The correlation between confirmed cases and hospitalizations was significant, as was the correlation between hospitalizations and severe cases of dengue. The serotypes identified were DENV 1, DENV 2 and DENV 3. More than one serotype was circulating simultaneously. The correlations between mean rainfall and the incidence rate and between mean temperature and the incidence rate were not statistically significant.
A dengue é um problema crescente de saúde pública mundial. Os países tropicais são os mais atingidos em razão de suas características ambientais, climáticas e sociais. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: Identificar as características demográficas dos casos notificados e confirmados da dengue; Calcular o coeficiente de incidência dos casos confirmados da dengue; Investigar a associação entre os casos confirmados da dengue e o número de internações por este agravo, assim como correlacionar o número de internações por dengue e o número de casos graves; descrever os sorotipos circulantes identificados; investigar a associação entre o índice de infestação predial e o coeficiente de incidência da dengue; investigar a associação entre os fatores ambientais como temperatura anual média e precipitação pluviométrica média com o coeficiente de incidência anual da dengue. Tratase de um estudo ecológico e longitudinal com a utilização de dados secundários referentes ao período de 2000 a 2010, obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação; Sistema de Informação de Febre Amarela e Dengue, Sistema de Informação de Localidades. Sistema de Informação Hospitalar e da Gerência do Núcleo de Dengue e Febre Amarela da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Tocantins. As médias de temperatura em graus Celsius e de precipitação pluviométrica em milímetros foram fornecidas pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Os dados referentes ao isolamento viral e sorotipagem foram obtidos no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Tocantins. Foi adotado como critério de inclusão municípios com população acima de 100.000 habitantes, neste caso, Palmas e Araguaína. Foram notificadas 48.246 suspeitos de dengue, sendo confirmadas 23.614 (49%), destes 118 (0,5%) foram classificados como casos graves de dengue, e 07 óbitos (5,9%). A maior prevalência da doença ocorreu entre pessoas do sexo feminino (52,9%), na faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos (46,5%), que viviam na zona urbana (97,6%) e da raça parda (51,5%). Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre as variáveis estudadas. A maior incidência da dengue ocorreu em 2007, porém, o maior registro de casos graves foi em 2008, sem registro de óbitos. Dos pacientes internados, 13% foram classificados como caso grave. Houve associação positiva e significativa entre os casos confirmados e número de internações (r=0,77 p<0,05), bem como entre as internações e casos graves (r=0,79 p<0,05). Os sorotipos isolados foram DENV 1, DENV 2 e DENV 3. Houve associação positiva, porém, não significativa entre o índice de infestação predial e a incidência da doença (r= 0,59 p>0,05). Em relação aos fatores abióticos não houve associação significativa entre a precipitação pluviométrica média e o coeficiente de incidência, assim como em entre a temperatura anual média e o coeficiente de incidência. Conclusão: A maior incidência de dengue ocorreu em 2007 e o maior número de casos graves em 2008, sem ocorrência de óbito. Conclui-se que a dengue acomete predominantemente pessoas do sexo feminino, com idade entre 20 39 anos, raça parda, e que residem na zona urbana. A associação foi significativa entre os casos confirmados e internações, assim como, entre internações e casos graves. Os sorotipos virais identificados foram DENV 1, DENV 2 e DENV 3. Ocorreu circulação simultânea de mais de um sorotipo. A associação não foi significativa entre a precipitação pluviométrica média e o coeficiente de incidência, assim como entre temperatura e o coeficiente de incidência
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Marques, Solomar Martins. "Fatores de risco para complicações por dengue em menores de 15 anos no município de Goiânia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3651.
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Introduction: In the 21st century, Brazil has become the country with the highest number of cases of dengue in the world, with a wide distribution of Aedes aegypti in all regions and simultaneous circulation of the four serotypes. The identification of the four serotypes is confirmed in Goiânia, which is among the municipalities and cities with the highest concentration of reported cases. Objective: To identify clinical and laboratory markers associated with complications and severe forms of dengue in Goiania, from 2001 to 2011. Methods: A case-control study in which the cases are severe forms (DHF and CCD) and the controls are patients with CD. Secondary data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (Sinan) was used, Brazilian Ministry of Health. Verification of consistency, checking and data analysis was performed by the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: 3359 patients aged under 15 years were laboratory confirmed as dengue, with 349 cases and 3010 controls. It did not differ by gender. It is noted an increased tendency to severity, over the years (X2 for trend = 19.03, p <0.0001). Regarding age, the greatest risk of severe forms strata was 5-9 years old (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.28 to 4.03) and 10 to 14 years old (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.89). Discussion: Abdominal pain, hypotension and hemorrhagic phenomena such as petechiae, epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding were significantly associated with severity after logistic regression. Regarding the laboratory tests available, hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia and tourniquet test had statistically significant association with CCD and HDF. We identified 10 patients with neurological complications, including 2 deaths. Conclusions: detailed clinical assessment and collection of blood counts are strongly suggested for all patients in the pediatric age group. This study contributed to consolidate the classical signs and ordinary laboratories as important instruments in both the diagnosis, the prognosis of children and adolescents with dengue disease.
Introdução: No século 21, o Brasil se tornou o país com maior número de casos relatados de dengue no mundo, com ampla distribuição do Aedes aegypti em todas as regiões e circulação simultânea dos quatro sorotipos. Goiânia tem confirmada a identificação dos quatro sorotipos e se encontra entre os municípios e localidades com maior concentração de casos notificados. Objetivo: Identificar marcadores clínicos e laboratoriais associados a formas graves de dengue em menores de quinze anos de idade, na cidade de Goiânia, de 2001 a 2011. Métodos: estudo caso-controle, onde Casos são definidos como formas graves (DCC e FHD) e os Controles, pacientes com DC. Utilizados dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Feita verificação da consistência, checagem e análise de dados, pelo programa SPSS 20. Resultados: 3.359 menores de 15 anos foram confirmados laboratorialmente como dengue, sendo 349 casos e 3.010 controles. Não apresentaram diferenças quanto ao sexo. Nota-se incremento da tendência de gravidade, ao longo dos anos (X2 p/tendência= 19,03; p<0,0001). Quanto à idade, o maior risco de formas graves foi nos estratos de 5 a 9 anos (OR 2,32; IC95% 1,28 - 4,03) e 10 a 14 anos (OR 2,08; IC95%1,50 - 2,89). Discussão: Dor abdominal, hipotensão e fenômenos hemorrágicos como petéquias, epistaxe e sangramento gastrointestinal tiveram associação estatisticamente significante com gravidade após regressão logística. Respectivo aos exames laboratoriais disponíveis, hemoconcentração, plaquetopenia e prova do laço tiveram associação estatisticamente significante com FHD e DCC. Foram identificados 10 pacientes com complicação neurológica, sendo dois óbitos. Conclusões: avaliação clínica minuciosa e a coleta de hemograma são fortemente sugeridas em todos os pacientes na faixa etária pediátrica. Este trabalho contribuiu para consolidar os sinais clínicos clássicos e os laboratoriais básicos como importantes ferramentas auxiliares, tanto no diagnóstico, quanto no prognóstico de crianças e adolescentes com dengue.
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NALONGSACK, SOODSADA, YOSHITOKU YOSHIDA, SATOSHI MORITA, KEO SOSOUPHANH, and JUNICHI SAKAMOTO. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING DENGUE AMONG PEOPLE IN PAKSE, LAOS." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11334.
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Gomes, Almira Maria Monteiro. "AvaliaÃÃo dos aspectos clÃnicos e laboratoriais no diagnÃstico de pacientes com suspeita de dengue em Fortaleza-CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8036.
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A dengue à transmitida por mosquitos hematÃfagos do gÃnero Aedes das espÃcies aegypti e albopictus. O vÃrus dengue (DENV) pertence à famÃlia Flaviviridae do gÃnero FlavivÃrus e possui quatro sorotipos que foram designados como: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 e DENV-4. A doenÃa pode manifestar-se como uma enfermidade infecciosa aguda, caracterizada por um amplo espectro clÃnico que varia desde formas de infecÃÃo assintomÃtica ou febre indiferenciada atà as formas graves, com hemorragia e/ou choque. Este estudo apresentou como objetivo descrever os aspectos epidemiolÃgicos, clÃnicos e laboratoriais de pacientes com suspeita de dengue atendidos no Hospital SÃo Josà de DoenÃas Infecciosas (HSJ) e no Hospital Nossa Senhora da ConceiÃÃo (HDNSC) no perÃodo de fevereiro a dezembro de 2010. Dessa forma, foram recrutados 93 pacientes, sendo que, 86 preencheram os critÃrios de inclusÃo. Os pacientes foram recrutados por busca ativa nas emergÃncias e nas enfermarias dos referidos hospitais e submetidos a um protocolo de acompanhamento por meio de uma ficha de avaliaÃÃo clÃnica inicial (1 ao 5Âdia de doenÃa) e de uma ficha de avaliaÃÃo subsequente (6 ao 7 dia de doenÃa). Foram realizadas pelo menos duas mensuraÃÃes de hematÃcrito, plaquetas, alÃm de exames bioquÃmicos e exames especÃficos para dengue. Os sinais e os sintomas mais prevalentes nos pacientes com suspeita de dengue foram: febre, cefaleia e mialgia. Vinte e cinco pacientes (29%) apresentavam manifestaÃÃes hemorrÃgicas espontÃneas, sendo que, as hemorragias cutÃneas (petÃquias e equimoses) foram as mais encontradas (15%). Quando avaliada a populaÃÃo feminina em idade reprodutiva, 6% apresentaram metrorragia. A prova do laÃo foi realizada em 80 pacientes, sendo positiva em 20 pacientes (25%). Dos 86 pacientes, 48 (55,8%) foram positivos para dengue por pelo menos uma das tÃcnicas: imunocromatografia NS1 (16%), RT-PCR (19%), ELISA IgM (44%), imunocromatografia IgM (42%) e ELISA NS1 (27%). O vÃrus dengue foi detectado em 16 pacientes, sendo, DENV-1 em 1 paciente (6,2%), DENV-2 em 14 pacientes (87,5%) e DENV-3 em 1 paciente (6,2%). Vinte e seis pacientes (54,1%) preencheram os critÃrios do MinistÃrio da SaÃde (MS) de Dengue ClÃssica (DC), 10 (20,8%) de Febre HemorrÃgica de Dengue (FHD) e 12 (25%) de Dengue com ComplicaÃÃo (DCC). A relaÃÃo entre sexo feminino e masculino foi de aproximadamente 1,1/1, com predomÃnio maior de adultos jovens. Quanto ao critÃrio de gravidade do MS, 60% dos casos suspeitos de dengue foram classificados como grau II e nenhum caso como grau IV. Dos critÃrios de extravasamento plasmÃtico preconizado pelo MS, a hipoalbuminemia esteve presente em 5 pacientes (10,4%). A queda do hematÃcrito acima de 20% apÃs hidrataÃÃo foi observada em apenas 4 pacientes (8,3%). No perÃodo do estudo, foram diagnosticados dois pacientes com dengue e leptospirose, sendo que um paciente complicou com pÃrpura trombocitopÃnica idiopÃtica, esses pacientes tiveram evoluÃÃo benigna. Portanto salientamos a necessidade de um diagnÃstico precoce, antes do desenvolvimento das manifestaÃÃes graves, de polÃticas de erradicaÃÃo do Aedes e da estruturaÃÃo de um serviÃo de referÃncia.Dengue is transmitted by blood-sucking mosquitoes of the species of the genus Aedes aegypti and albopictus. Dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the Flaviviridae family and has four serotypes that were designated as: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. The disease can manifest as an acute infectious disease characterized by a wide clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic forms of infection or undifferentiated fever to severe forms, with bleeding and / or shock. This study had as objective to describe the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of patients with suspected dengue fever treated at the St Joseph Hospital of Infectious Diseases (HSJ) and the Hospital Nossa Senhora da ConceiÃÃo (HDNSC) in the period from February to December 2010. Thus, we recruited 93 patients, 86 met the inclusion criteria. Patients were recruited by an active search in emergencies and in the ward of these hospitals and underwent a follow-up protocol through an initial clinical evaluation form (from day 1 to day 5 of illness) and an evaluation form following (from the 6 to 7 day of illness). Were performed at least two measurements of hematocrit, platelets, and biochemical tests and specific tests for dengue. The signs and symptoms more prevalent in patients with suspected dengue were fever, headache and myalgia. Twenty-five patients (29%) had spontaneous bleeding manifestations and the cutaneous bleeding (petechiae and ecchymosis) were the most frequent (15%). When evaluating the female population of reproductive age, 6% had metrorrhagia. The tourniquet test was performed in 80 patients and was positive in 20 patients. Of 86 patients, 48 (55,8%) were positive for dengue at least one of the techniques: immunochromatography NS1 (16%), RT-PCR (19%), IgM ELISA (44%), IgM immunochromatography (42%) and NS1 ELISA (27%). The dengue virus was detected in 16 patient and, DENV-1 in 1 patient (6.2%), DENV-2 in 14 patients (87.5%) and DENV-3 in 1 patient (6.2%). Twenty- six patients (54,1%) met the criteria of the Ministry of Health (MOH) Classic Dengue (DC), 10 (20,8%) of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and 12 (25%) of Dengue with complication (DCC). The relationship bet ween females and males were approximately 1.1/1, with higher prevalence in young adults The criterion for severity of MOH, 60% of suspected dengue cases were classified as grade II and none as grade IV. Plasma extravasation of criteria recommended by MOH, hypoalbuminemia was present in 5 patients (10,4%). The drop in hematocrit higher than 20% after hydration was observed in only 4 patients (8,3%). During the study period, two patients were diagnosed with dengue and leptospirosis, and one patient complicated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, these patients had a benign outcome. Therefore we stress the need for early diagnosis, before the development of severe manifestations, of policies to eradicate Aedes and structure a reference service.
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Amoruso, Michelle. "Re-emerging infectious disease and ethnic stratification Dengue fever in Trinidad and Tobago /." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3244457.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Anthropology)--S.M.U., 2007.Title from PDF title page (viewed Mar. 18, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-12, Section: A, page: 4593. Adviser: Carolyn Sargent. Includes bibliographical references.
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Islam, Mohammad Zahirul. "Climate Change and Dengue Fever: Vulnerability and Potential Adaptation Responses in Urban Settings of Bangladesh." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367144.
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The geographical location and geo-morphological conditions of Bangladesh have made the country highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change impacts, including those on health, threaten to become a significant economic burden on the country, and hinder its development in the medium to long term. Floods, tropical cyclones, storm surge and droughts significantly impact on health directly and indirectly. Of these health impacts, vector-borne diseases, and in particular, dengue fever, pose a serious public health risk due to a lack of effective treatment or proven vaccine.
Dengue infection can cause a spectrum of illness ranging from mild, undifferentiated fever to high fever, severe headache, retro-orbital pain, arthralgia and rash, and could lead to a deadly complication: dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). In Bangladesh, there are guidelines for clinical management for dengue fever; however, a gap exists in prevention strategy in the national policy related to climate change adaptation. There is an urgent need to develop a risk management plan for managing vector-borne diseases focussing on dengue fever as a priority for the public health sector.
This study aims to examine the climate factors impacting on Bangladesh’s vulnerability to dengue fever, including identifying the vulnerable populations and vulnerable areas within the city. It also explores views and understanding of relevant stakeholders and communities regarding climate change and dengue fever and current dengue fever management issues, in order to develop climate change adaptation strategies for the prevention and management of dengue fever.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Alves, Rúbens Prince dos Santos. "Desenvolvimento de uma vacina de subunidade contra o sorotipo 2 do vírus dengue baseada na proteína não estrutural 5 (NS5)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-06102015-193757/.
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A dengue é uma doença que afeta milhões de pessoas e possui um número significativo de mortes. Não há nenhum tratamento vacinal legalizado para uso. As estratégias vacinais contra a dengue baseadas em proteínas não estruturais têm demonstrado serem mais seguras do que as baseadas em proteínas estruturais. A proteína não estrutural 5 (NS5) do vírus dengue é a proteína mais conservada entre os quatro sorotipos e desempenha um papel crucial na replicação viral. Neste estudo, foi gerada uma forma recombinante da NS5 expressa em E. coli com propriedades antigênicas preservados. As condições de cultura foram optimizadas, o que permitiu a expressão dessa proteína na forma solúvel. A imunização de camundongos Balb/c com a NS5 sozinha ou em combinação com um adjuvante (poli (I:C)) promoveu o aumento da sobrevida de camundongos após desafio letal com DENV2. A combinação da NS5 com poli (I:C) emulsionado em Montanide 720 levou a expansão de linfócitos T CD8+ específicos. Os resultados indicam que a proteína NS5 obtida preserva determinantes antigênicos da proteína nativa e pode ser uma ferramenta útil para estudos sobre a biologia do DENV, busca de drogas antivirais e desenvolvimento de vacinas.Dengue fever is a disease affecting millions of people worldwide and causing a significant number of deaths. There are no effective treatments or vaccine approaches capable of preventing such infection. Anti-DENV vaccine strategies based on nonstructural proteins as antigens have been shown to be safer than those based on structural proteins. The DENV nonstructural protein 5 (NS5), plays a crucial role in viral replication. In this study, we generated a recombinant form of DENV2 NS5 expressed in E. coli in high amounts and with preserved antigenic properties with regard to the native protein. Culture conditions were optimized in order to allow expression of NS5 as a soluble protein. The immunization of Balb/c mice using this protein alone or in combination with poly (I:C) led to increased survival after intracranial challenge with the DENV2 JHA1 strain. The combination of the protein with poly (I:C) emulsified in Montanide 720 led to the activation of NS5-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. Altogether, the results indicate that the recombinant NS5 protein preserves antigenic determinants of the native protein and may be a useful tool for studies dealing with the DENV\'s biology, search for anti-viral drugs and vaccine development.
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Bizerra, Raíza Sales Pereira. "Desenvolvimento de uma vacina de subunidade contra o sorotipo 2 do vírus dengue baseada no domínio helicase da proteína NS3." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-28112014-101433/.
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O desenvolvimento de uma vacina para o controle da dengue é uma prioridade em todo o mundo. O domínio helicase da proteína NS3 (NS3H) viral alberga epítopos reconhecidos por linfócitos T citotóxicos, os quais tem papel importante na eliminação de células infectadas. Esse trabalho propôs a obtenção de uma forma recombinante, produzida em linhagens de Escherichia coli, da NS3H do DENV2 com características similares à proteína nativa e sua utilização como um potencial antígeno vacinal. A NS3H foi obtida na forma solúvel, foi reconhecida por anticorpos de camundongos e de humanos infectados e foi capaz de interagir com o RNA viral. Camundongos imunizados com NS3H coadministrada com diferentes adjuvantes desenvolveram respostas imunológicas específicas mas não foram protegidos após desafio. Em conjunto, os resultados indicam que a proteína NS3H recombinante preserva conformação e determinantes antigênicos da proteína viral nativa e pode ser útil em estudos sobre a biologia viral e na busca de estratégias anti-virais voltadas para o controle da dengue.The development of a dengue vaccine is a worldwide priority. The helicase domain of viral NS3 protein (NS3H) preserves epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which plays an important role in the elimination of infected cells. This study aimed the generation of a recombinant NS3H form of a type 2 dengue virus (DENV2) lineage, in Escherichia coli strains, with properties similar to the native protein and its use as a potential vaccine antigen. The NS3H was obtained in soluble form, was recognized by antibodies from mice and human subjects and was able to interact with the viral RNA. Mice immunized with NS3H combined with different adjuvants developed specific immune responses but did not confer protection to a lethal challenge. Altogether, the results indicate that the recombinant NS3H protein preserves conformational and antigenic determinants of the native protein and may be a useful tool for studies dealing with the DENV biology and the search for anti-virus approaches.
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Lobo, Maria Raika Guimarães. "Perfil de citocinas no soro de pacientes com dengue em um instituto de referência em Manaus." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2013. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2628.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-27Dengue disease is a serious public health problem in Brazil. There are four serotypes, DENV 1 to 4. In Brazil, all serotypes are circulating and are able to cause disease to humans, and may progress to a severe level, including death. Dengue transmission occurs by the bite of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. Brazil underwent a major epidemic in 1955 after which the disease was considered eradicated, causing disinterest among the medical community. The objective of this project was to trace the profile of cytokines in serum from patients with dengue in the city of Manaus. The immune response to dengue virus (DENV) and their serotypes has not yet been fully elucidated. Recently, studies demonstrated increased proinflammatory cytokines in patients infected with DENV-2, as IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-17. However, the role of cytokines in the immune reponse Th1, Th2 and Th17 in dengue disease is still poorly understood. Tropical countries such as Brazil are conducive to a proliferation of vectors making it necessary to investigate the cytokine profile in the serum of patients with dengue, especially in a locality like Manaus. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional analytical component with cases of patients seen during the dengue epidemic in the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT / HVD) in the period of January to December 2011, as well as negative controls from the Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of the State of Amazonas (FHEMOAM). There were 90 serum samples, 60 from patients with dengue and 30 control patients divided into: Group I: negative control - blood donors (n = 30), Group II: positive control - DENGUE NOT SEVERE (n = 30) and Group III: positive control DENGUE SEVERE (n = 30). The diagnosis was made by viral protein NS1, dengue IgM serology, and finally the RT-PCR. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade do Amazonas (UFAM), n. 256-163 - CONEP. The dosages of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL17A were performed by flow cytometry (BD CBA Kit ® Biosciences). We used the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis (P<0,05). The graphics were designed using Graphprisma ® software. In all quantified cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-17A and TNF-α) it was possible to evaluate that in dengue groups (severe and non-severe) they had concentrations increased and statistically significant when compared to the negative control group. There was no difference in these cytokines when comparing the severe and not severe groups. Observing the behavior of cytokine IL-10, there was a trend in increase when comparing patients from dengue group who progressed to severe dengue. This pioneer study in this field in the northern region enabled us to identify the profile of a group of cytokines and infer their involvement in the immune response in circulating serotypes in Manaus in 2011.
A dengue é uma doença considerada como problema de saúde pública no Brasil. São conhecidos quatro sorotipos virais: 1, 2, 3 e 4, que são denominados de DENV 1, 2, 3 e 4. No Brasil todos os sorotipos estão circulantes e são capazes de causar doença ao homem, podendo evoluir para quadros graves, inclusive óbito. A transmissão da dengue ocorre exclusivamente pela picada da fêmea do mosquito Aedes aegypti que se desenvolve amplamente em países tropicais e subtropicais. A resposta imunológica ao vírus da dengue (DENV) e seus sorotipos, ainda não está totalmente elucidada. Recentemente foi demonstrado aumento de citocinas pró-inflamatórias em pacientes infectados com DENV-2, entre os quais foram observados altos níveis séricos de IFN-γ, IL-6 e IL-17. No entanto, o papel das citocinas na resposta Th1, Th2 e Th-17 na dengue ainda é pouco compreendido. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste projeto foi traçar o perfil de citocinas no soro de pacientes com dengue na cidade de Manaus. Este estudo foi retrospectivo de caráter transversal com componente analítico de casos de pacientes atendidos durante a epidemia de dengue na Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT / HVD) no período de Janeiro a Dezembro de 2011, bem como controles oriundos da Fundação (FHEMOAM). Foram utilizadas 90 amostras de soro, sendo 60 de pacientes com dengue e 30 de indivíduos separados em: Grupo I: controle negativo doadores de sangue (n= 30), Grupo II: controle positivo 1 DENGUE NÃO GRAVE (n= 30) e Grupo III: controle positivo 2 DENGUE GRAVE (n= 30). O diagnóstico foi feito por isolamento viral da proteína NS1, sorologia para dengue IgM, e finalmente o RT-PCR. O projeto foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade do Amazonas UFAM sob parecer n0 256.163 via CONEP. As dosagens das citocinas IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ e IL17A foram realizadas pela técnica de citometria de fluxo (kit CBA da BD® Biosciences). A comparação de médias dos níveis séricos de citocinas foi realizada por meio do teste não paramétrico de Kruskall-Wallis (P < 0,05). Os gráficos foram elaborados utilizando o software Graphprisma®. Em todas as citocinas quantificadas (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ e IL-17A e TNF-α) foi possível avaliar que os grupos de dengue (grave e não grave) apresentaram concentrações aumentadas e estatisticamente significativas em relação ao grupo controle negativo. Não houve diferença entre as citocinas quando comparados o grupo de dengue grave com o de dengue não grave. Este estudo, pioneiro nessa linha na Região Norte, possibilitou identificar o perfil de um grupo de citocinas e inferir no seu envolvimento/relação na resposta imunológica aos sorotipos circulantes em Manaus no ano de 2011. Observando isoladamente o comportamento da citocina IL-10, houve tendência no seu aumento no grupo composto por pacientes que evoluíram para dengue grave quando comparado ao grupos dengue não grave.
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Brunkard, Joan Marie. "Dengue fever on the Texas-Mexico border : using interdisciplinary science to improve public health /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Sheih, Tianna. "Development of a Dengue Fever Vaccine from Recombinant DENV2 Protein and Tobacco Mosaic Virus." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/810.
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Dengue fever is a rapidly growing concern to human health and is currently the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide. Although there are several vaccine candidates being tested in clinical trials, there are no vaccines publicly available to prevent this disease. Plant-based vaccines are rapidly becoming viable alternatives to traditional animal-based vaccines because they are safe, easy to manufacture, and more cost-efficient. The purpose of this project is to develop a vaccine against the dengue virus by producing a recombinant DENV2 protein, engineered by Dr. David Lo and his lab at University of California Riverside, in Nicotiana benthamiana plants through Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) infection. Initial attempts to ligate the complete DENV2 epitope, a combination of hybrid flagellin sequences and the envelope protein from dengue viral serotype 2, into the pJL TRBO vector were incompatible with established protocols. However, a proof of concept test that replaced the DENV2 envelope protein with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) successfully inserted the new sequence into pJL TRBO. In the future, the DENV2 envelope protein sequence will be re-inserted into the construct and updated protocols will be repeated for DENV2 protein expression. The recombinant DENV2 proteins will be extracted from the plants after signs of infection become apparent and tested for their ability to induce an immunogenic response that produces pathogen-specific antibodies.
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Owino, Eunice Anyango. "Development of efficient tools for improved surveillance of vectors of dengue and chikungunya fever." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79301.
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In the past 3 decades, arboviruses have become a major cause of re-emerging epidemic diseases in the world. Amongst the arboviruses, dengue and chikungunya fevers which are transmitted by Aedes spp have become more prevalent and have spread far beyond traditional areas of distribution - mainly in Africa and Asia - to cause severe morbidity, mortality, and economic harm. Currently control of these diseases solely depends on vector control as there is no treatment or vaccine. This calls for efficient vector surveillance tools. However, the currently available vector sampling tools are inadequate in sampling Ae. aegypti. The popularly used Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and prevention light trap, under represents Ae. aegypti abundance as they are not attracted to its incandescent light bulb. Man landing catches (MLC) technique on the other hand is ethically unacceptable as it exposes the catchers to infective bites while the BG lure baited BG sentinel trap is reported to be less effective in sampling Ae. aegypti. This lack of an adequate sampling tool has led to underestimation of the magnitude of the two diseases in endemic areas consequently leading to un predicted outbreaks that have caused high morbidities and mortalities. Therefore, developing an effective surveillance tool that would aid in timely control campaigns could be a contribution of the utmost importance. We conducted our studies in two dengue and chikungunya endemic regions of Kenya-Busia and Kilifi counties.
We tested the efficacy of various colored light emitting diode (LED) traps against the (CDC) light trap in sampling Ae. aegypti using replicated, randomized field experiments and observed that the violet trap caught significantly more Ae. aegypti in Busia than the control trap. Viral testing using Flavivirus and Alphavirus universal primers showed that the Ae. aegypti in Busia were infected with insect specific flaviviruses (ISFs) and there was a preference for the violet LED trap by the ISF Infected Ae. aegypti. Replicated randomized field experiments were also used to test the efficacy of Biogents (BG) sentinel traps baited with human feet odors trapped in socks and human trunk odors trapped in T-shirts against a control trap baited with the Biogents (BG) commercial lure. We observed that the traps baited with human odors caught more Ae. aegypti than the
BG lure baited trap. We also observed that some individual’s odors attracted more Ae. aegypti than others. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the human volatiles and the BG lure revealed that the BG-lure mainly emitted hexanoic acid while human volatiles had several compounds mainly aldehydes, carboxylic acids, ketones and a couple of alcohols. A further GC coupled with electroantenno- grams (GC-EAG) identified electrophysiologically active compounds from the human odors some of which were then formulated into attractant blends and tested against whole human odors and the BG lure in the field. It was observed that some single compounds like hexanoic acid were better attractants to Ae. aegypti than the BG commercial lure and some formulated blends and that some compounds when dispensed together produced antagonistic and inhibitory effects against Ae. aegypti. Additionally, we conducted population genetics studies on the Ae. aegypti samples from Busia and Kilifi using a 653-bp region of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene and observed that there was no genetic differentiation between Ae. Aegypti from the two regions suggesting that their vector competency and susceptibility to insecticides might not be different.
We thus believe that our work gives greater insight into the efficient use of LED traps in sampling not only Ae. aegypti in the field but also other diurnal insects (Chapter 2). Our work also adds information on the development of attractant synthetic odor baits from host volatiles for effective sampling of Ae. aegypti in the field (Chapter 3 & 4). Additionally, our work provides vital information on the population genetic structure of mosquitoes in Busia and Kilifi which would be important in planning control measures and help immensely in understanding disease transmission risks (Chapter 5).
To improve our understanding on the effect of all the biologically active compounds in human skin volatiles, we recommend further investigations on the other active compounds that might were included in our odor blends but were identified to be biologically active. This might help improve odor baits for Ae. aegypti. We also recommend further investigations on preference of the violet colored LED traps by Ae. aegypti especially the Flavivirus infected. It would also be important to determine the interaction between ISFs and arboviruses like dengue and chikungunya in a co-infected mosquito as this may potentially impact on vector competence and thus transmission.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Zoology and Entomology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Vieira, Julio Cesar de Azevedo. "Forecast dengue fever cases using time series models with exogenous covariates: climate, effective reproduction number, and twitter data." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24308.
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Dengue é uma doença infecciosa que afeta países subtropicais. Autoridades de saúde locais utilizam informações sobre o número de notificações para monitorar e prever epidemias. Este trabalho foca na modelagem do número de casos de dengue semanal em quatro cidades do estado do Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo, Campos dos Goytacazes, e Petrópolis. Modelos de séries temporais são frequentemente utilizados para prever o número de casos de dengue nos próximos ciclos (semanas ou meses), particularmente, modelos SARIMA (Modelo Sazonal Autorregressivo Integrado de Médias Móveis) apresentam uma boa performance em situações distintas. Modelagens alternativas ainda incluem informação sobre o clima da região para melhorar a performance preditiva. Apesar disso, modelos que usam apenas dados históricos e de clima podem não possuir informações suficientes para capturar mudanças entre os regimes de não-epidemia e epidemia. Duas razões para isso são o atraso na notificação dos casos e que possivelmente não houveram epidemias nos anos anteriores. Baseando-se no sistema de monitoramento InfoDengue, esperasse que incluindo dados sobre ”numero de reprodução efetiva dos mosquitos”(RT) e ”número de tweets se referindo a dengue”(tweets) possam melhorar a qualidade das previsões no curto (1 semana) e longo (8 semanas) prazo. Foi possível mostrar que modelos de séries temporais incluindo RT e informações climáticas frequentemente performam melhor do que o modelo SARIMA em termos do erro preditivo quadrático médio (RMSE). Incluir a variável sobre o twitter não mostrou uma melhora no RMSE.
Dengue fever is an infectious disease affecting subtropical countries. Local health departments use the number of notified cases to monitor and predict epidemics. This work focus on modeling weekly incidence of dengue fever in four cities of the state of Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo, Campos dos Goytacazes, and Petrópolis. Time series models are often used to predict the number of cases in the next cycles (weeks, months), in particular, SARIMA (Seazonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average) models are shown to perform well in distinct settings. Alternative models also include climate covariates to improve the quality of the forecasts. However, models that only use historical and climate data may no have sufficient information to capture changes from non-epidemic to an epidemic regime. Two reasons are that there is a delay in the notification of cases and there might not have had epidemics in the previous years. Based on the INFODENGUE monitoring system we argue data including the "effective reproduction number of mosquitoes" (RT) and "number tweets referring to dengue" (tweets) may improve the quality of forecasts in the short (1 week) to long (8 weeks) range. We show that time series models including RT and climate information often outperform SARIMA models in terms of mean squared predictive error (RMSE). Inclusion of twitter did not improve the RMSE.
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Buchinger, Diego. "Sherlock dengue 8: the Neighborhood - um jogo sério colaborativo-competitivo para combate à dengue." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2044.
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Previous issue date: 2014-11-27Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The dengue fever disease is a public health problem in many countries. Whilst efforts on creating a vaccine have been expended, the adopted practice for controlling this disease is raising the population awareness about this problem. Teaching to youngsters however, has proven a challenging task. In this sense, using Serious Games is a way for increasing motivation, and the use of collaborative and competitive interactions altogether can provide more learning. Thus, a new collaborative-competitive Serious Game about dengue was designed and developed. As no design methodology to this type of game was found, motivational fundaments for games were adopted in order to guide the game design. The game was promoted and used by various audiences, from K-12 to post-graduates, in joint efforts for dengue fever awareness. In order to assess learning, 71 joint effort participants answered a questionnaire of dengue fever knowledge and confidence before and after the game usage. Based on the data gathered, an increase of 17.35% in the participants mean knowledge about dengue fever and an increase of 51.23% in the answers confidence were observed. Also, there was an increase of 74.07% participants that have obtained a grade equal to or greater than seven, on a scale of zero to ten. The results are strong evidence that Sherlock Dengue 8 can promote learning and confidence on the knowledge regarding dengue fever.
A doença da dengue tem se mostrado um problema de saúde pública em muitos países. Enquanto esforços estão sendo despendidos para a criação de uma vacina, a prática adotada para o controle desta doença é a conscientização da população sobre este problema. Ensinar os jovens entretanto, tem se mostrado uma tarefa desafiadora. Neste sentido, a proposta do uso de Jogos Sérios é um meio de aumentar a motivação e, o uso de interações colaborativas e competitivas, juntas, pode trazer maior aprendizado. Assim, um Jogo Sério Colaborativo-Competitivo sobre dengue foi projetado e desenvolvido. Como não se encontrou uma metodologia de design para este tipo de jogo, adotaram-se os fundamentos da área motivacional de jogos para orientar o design. O jogo foi promovido e utilizado por diversos públicos, do ensino fundamental à pós-graduação em mutirões de conscientização sobre a dengue. A fim de avaliar a aprendizagem com a utilização do jogo, 71 participantes responderam a um questionário de conhecimento e confiança antes e após o uso do jogo. Com base nos dados obtidos foi verificado um aumento médio de 17,35% no conhecimento sobre dengue, um aumento médio de 51,23% na confiança nas respostas e um aumento de 74,07% no número de participantes que obtiveram nota igual ou superior a sete, numa escala de zero a dez. Os resultados são fortes indícios de que o Sherlock Dengue 8 pode promover aprendizado e confiança no conhecimento sobre a dengue.
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Vong, Sirenda. "Epidémiologie de la dengue et son importance socio-économique au Cambodge – Facteurs d’adoption d’un vaccin contre la dengue." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20242/document.
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La dengue est une préoccupation mondiale majeure en santé publique, touchant principalement les jeunes enfants en Asie du sud est. Les vaccins contre la dengue sont actuellement en développement. Des études coût-efficacité seront nécessaires en cas d'introduction d'un nouveau vaccin. Pour cela, il est indispensable d’obtenir des informations sur le coût économique lié à la dengue (qui sont relativement rares) et des données précises sur l'incidence de la maladie, ceci afin de fournir des estimations solides quant à l'importance de la dengue dans les régions endémiques.Ce travail de thèse propose une approche méthodologique par laquelle le Ministère de la Santé devrait envisager lors de l'évaluation de la pertinence et de la faisabilité de l'adoption d’un vaccin contre la dengue par les programmes de nationaux de vaccination, particulièrement dans les pays en voie de développement ; le Cambodge par exemple. Nous avons mis en place des études prospectives d'incidence de la dengue sur plusieurs années, réalisées dans la population générale, incluant un large éventail de groupes d'âge. Les résultats de ces études ont été comparés avec les données de surveillance nationale réunis dans la même région en calculant des facteurs de multiplication afin d’estimer la sous-déclaration. D'autres études de coûts de la maladie ont été menées pour estimer le poids financier la dengue sur plusieurs années et d'identifier les groupes vulnérables. Cette approche a également permis de mieux comprendre l'épidémiologie de la dengue dans le pays, dont certaines caractéristiques sont nécessaires pour évaluer la faisabilité de l'introduction d’un nouveau vaccin contre la dengue. Les résultats rapportés dans cette thèse vont permettre (1) d’initier à partir des données cambodgiennes des simulations de coût-efficacité à partir des caractéristiques attendues du vaccin et (2) de développer un modèle dynamique afin de permettre aux autorités nationales d'analyser les études de coût-efficacité en tenant compte des spécificités immunologiques et épidémiologiques des pays concernés. Si un vaccin efficace et fiable est disponible à un prix abordable, son adoption par le programme national de vaccination serait probablement rentable pour le Cambodge mais répondrait surtout à un problème d'inéquité socialeDengue is a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in young children in Southeast Asia. Dengue vaccines are currently in development and policymakers need appropriate economic studies to determine their potential financial and public health impact. Alongside economic assessment, accurate disease incidence data are required to provide robust estimates of disease burden across the regions where dengue is endemic. This thesis proposes a methodological approach by which the Ministry of Health should consider when assessing feasibility of adoption dengue vaccines, with specific reference to developing country settings, e.g. Cambodia. We implemented prospective dengue incidence studies over several years, performed in a general population and include a wide range of ages. The results of these studies were compared with national surveillance data gathered in the same region by calculating multiplication factors to estimate underreporting on several years. Additional prospective cost of illness study was conducted to generate accurate economic burden of disease estimates over several years and identify vulnerable groups. This strategy also allowed better understanding of the epidemiology of dengue in Cambodia, of which some characteristics are needed to evaluate the feasibility of introducing dengue vaccine. Designing cost-effectiveness studies before a vaccine has been fully evaluated requires assumptions about variables such as efficacy and effectiveness, dosage and costs. Our next step will be to determine the threshold price – sensitivity analyses - for a vaccine to be cost-effective rather than assigning a specific cost, because it is difficult to predict cost for a vaccine that has not been marketed. Should this vaccine be safe and affordable enough, the adoption of the new vaccine into a National Immunization Programme would probably be cost-effective but, above all, a matter of social equity
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Che, Him Norziha. "Potential for using climate forecasts in spatio-temporal prediction of Dengue fever incidence in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23205.
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Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted by the bite of female \textit{Aedes aegypti} mosquitoes. It is estimated that nearly 40\% of the world's population is now at risk from Dengue in over 100 endemic countries including Malaysia. Several studies in various countries in recent years have identified statistically significant links between Dengue incidence and climatic factors. There has been relatively little work on this issue in Malaysia, particularly on a national scale. This study attempts to fill that gap. The primary research question is `to what extent can climate variables be used to assist predictions of dengue fever incidence in Malaysia?'. The study proposes a potential framework of modelling spatio-temporal variation in dengue risk on a national scale in Malaysia using both climate and non-climate information. Early chapters set the scene by discussing Malaysia and Climate in Malaysia and reviewing previous work on dengue fever and dengue fever in Malaysia. Subsequent chapters focus on the analysis and modelling of annual dengue incidence rate (DIR) for the twelve states of Peninsular Malaysia for the period 1991 to 2009 and monthly DIR for the same states in the period 2001 to 2009. Exploratory analyses are presented which suggest possible relationships between annual and monthly DIR and climate and other factors. The variables that were considered included annual trend, in year seasonal effects, population, population density and lagged dengue incidence rate as well as climate factors such as average rainfall and temperature, number of rainy days, ENSO and lagged values of these climate variables. Findings include evidence of an increasing annual trend in DIR in all states of Malaysia and a strong in-year seasonal cycle in DIR with possible differences in this cycle in different geographical regions of Malaysia. High population density is found to be positively related to monthly DIR as is the DIR in the immediately preceding months. Relationships between monthly DIR and climate variables are generally quite weak, nevertheless some relationships may be able to be usefully incorporated into predictive models. These include average temperature and rainfall, number of rainy days and ENSO. However lagged values of these variables need to be considered for up to 6 months in the case of ENSO and from 1-3 months in the case of other variables. These exploratory findings are then more formally investigated using a framework where dengue counts are modelled using a negative binomial generalised linear model (GLM) with a population offset. This is subsequently extended to a negative binomial generalised additive model (GAM) which is able to deal more flexibly with non-linear relationships between the response and certain of the explanatory variables. The model successfully accounts for the large amount of overdispersion found in the observed dengue counts. Results indicated that there are statistically significant relationships with both climate and non-climate covariates using this modelling framework. More specifically, smooth functions of year and month differentiated by geographical areas of the country are significant in the model to allow for seasonality and annual trend. Other significant covariates included were mean rainfall at lag zero month and lag 3 months, mean temperature at lag zero month and lag 1 month, number of rainy days at lag zero month and lag 3 months, sea surface temperature at lag 6 months, interaction between mean temperature at lag 1 month and sea surface temperature at lag 6 months, dengue incidence rate at lag 3 months and population density. Three final competing models were selected as potential candidates upon which an early warning system for dengue in Malaysia might be able to be developed. The model fits for the whole data set were compared using simulation experiments to allow for both parameter and negative binomial model uncertainty and a single model preferred from the three models was identified. The `out of sample' predictive performance of this model was then compared and contrasted for different lead times by fitting the model to the first 7 years of the 9 years monthly data set covering 2001-2009 and then analysing predictions for the subsequent 2 years for lead time of 3, 6 12 and 24 months. Again simulation experiments were conducted to allow for both parameter and model uncertainty. Results were mixed. There does seem to be predictive potential for lead times of up to six months from the model in areas outside of the highly urbanised South Western states of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor and such a model may therefore possibly be useful as a basis for developing early warning systems for those areas. However, none of the models developed work well for Kuala Lumpur and Selangor where there are clearly more complex localised influences involved which need further study. This study is one of the first to look at potential climatic influences on dengue incidence on a nationwide scale in Malaysia. It is also one of the few studies worldwide to explore the use of generalised additive models in the spatio-temporal modelling of dengue incidence. Although, the results of the study show a mixed picture, hopefully the framework developed will be able to be used as a starting point to investigate further if climate information can valuably be incorporated in an early warning system for dengue in Malaysia.
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Huthmaker, Julie Weisenbacher. "Improving Dengue fever knowledge, attitude, and practices in primary school children in Florida through animation." Thesis, Capella University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3685619.
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Background: Incident rates of dengue fever are rapidly increasing worldwide. Contributing factors including climate change, urbanization, globalization, and vector mutation, are creating significant public health challenges. Dengue fever has no vaccination, and no cure; therefore prevention through vector control is the primary method of public protection. Research indicates that community involvement is critical in achieving vector control, and that children, disproportionally burdened by this disease, are an effective and appropriate population to target with interventions. Innovative, sustainable, cost effective strategies are needed. Objective: It was theorized that an educational animation regarding dengue fever, created using CDC guidelines, would be effective at improving knowledge, attitude, and practices in primary school children in Florida. An animation entitled "Dengue Fever Comes To Town" was developed to assess this concept. Methods: A pretest/posttest study was conducted. Knowledge changes were statistically evaluated using a Two-tailed Paired Sample t-test. Attitude changes were evaluated using a Wilcoxon Matched Pair Signed Rank. Practice changes were evaluated using a chi-square test. Results: The animation was effective at improving knowledge, attitude, and practices in third through fifth grade levels, for both males and females. Recommendations: Given the vulnerability of the population, and the increasing risk of dengue fever, establishment of preventive education is recommended, including adding the educational animation to school curricula in Florida.
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Pacheco-Coral, A. D. P. "The role of migration processes in dengue fever occurrence in Colombia : a mixed study approach." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1473743/.
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Background: Dengue is the second most important vector-borne disease in tropical regions largely affecting urban areas. Rural-urban migration increases numbers at risk. In particular, Internally Displaced Populations (IDPs) are forced to migrate through violence, conflict, or natural disasters moving to informal settlements in urban areas. IDPs might represent a pool of susceptible and vulnerable people; because of their cultural, socio-economic, and demographic factors that differ from the local people. Colombia has the third highest number of dengue cases in the Americas and the second largest IDPs number in the world. Aim: To examine the relationship between IDPs and Dengue in Colombia. Methods: A mixed methods approach was used including: policy and literature review; analysis of routinely available national-level data sources; quantitative household surveys of knowledge, attitudes, practices and vector counts in IDPs and host population households; focus group interviews with IDPs and host populations, and interviews with public health authorities and those working with IDPs. Results: A range of policies addresses both dengue and IDPs in Colombia but there is no policy addressing both issues. Analyses of national level data showed that areas with high level of IDPs tended to have high levels of dengue. Household surveys showed that despite IDPs being more economically disadvantaged and having less access to education and health services, knowledge, attitudes, and practices were broadly similar, although IDPs households were more likely to obtain their information from community networking. IDPs households were more likely than host populations to have productive breeding sites for the vector in their households despite emptying and cleaning water containers more frequently. Participants were aware of dengue, but had mistaken knowledge about disease severity, treatment, transmission and effective control measures. Conclusions: Dengue control in IDPs can be strengthened through community networking and integrated policies to increase access to health and education services.
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Müller, Vanessa Danielle Menjon. "Avaliação da atividade antiviral de peçonhas de serpentes e escorpião contra os vírus da dengue e da febre amarela." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-12072011-143446/.
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A dengue é a mais importante arbovirose no mundo; aproximadamente 50 milhões de infecções ocorrem anualmente acarretando 500.000 casos de dengue hemorrágica e 22.000 mortes. A febre amarela é uma doença hemorrágica viral com elevada mortalidade que é transmitida por mosquitos. Vacinas eficazes contra a febre amarela já estão disponíveis há quase 70 anos e são responsáveis por uma redução significativa de ocorrências da doença no mundo, no entanto, cerca de 200.000 casos de febre amarela ainda ocorrem anualmente, principalmente na África. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de fármacos antivirais contra essas viroses é uma prioridade de saúde pública. Os produtos naturais sejam de origem vegetal ou animal, possuem uma extensa diversidade química, sendo uma fonte inesgotável de compostos com promissoras atividades biológicas. No Brasil, é grande a incidência de animais venenosos ou peçonhentos, tais como serpentes, sapos e escorpiões. Os venenos desses animais são fontes de diversas substâncias químicas que ainda não possuem a sua atividade biológica e farmacológica completamente estudada. Neste trabalho avaliamos a potencial ação antiviral de peçonhas de serpentes (Crotalus durissus terrificus, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops pirajai, Bothrops moojeni, Bothrops brasili e Bothrops fonseca) e escorpião (Tityus serrulatus) contra os virus da febre amarela e dengue usando diferentes estratégias metodológicas (pré-tratamento, pós-tratamento, virucida, adsorção e internalização). Primeiramente realizamos um screening com as peçonhas brutas, observando que a peçonha de Crotalus durissus terrificus inibiu a replicação viral apresentando os maiores índices de seletividade (IS). Crotoxina, crotamina, crotapotina, convulxina, giroxina, PLA2-CB e PLA2-IC, isoladas de Crotalus durissus terrificus, foram então testadas nas diferentes estratégias metodológicas contra os vírus dengue e febre amarela. Foi possível verificar que crotoxina, PLA2-CB e PLA2-IC inibiram a replicação viral com altos índices de seletividade (IS). A ação verificada ocorreu na fase inicial do ciclo de replicação viral (pré-tratamento, virucida, adsorção). A ação antiviral verificada neste estudo foi atribuida a ação da PLA2, visto que a crotoxina é um complexo protéico composto pela crotapotina e pela PLA2-CB. Posteriormente avaliamos uma fosfolipase sem atividade catalítica isolada de Bothrops jararacussu, a BthTX-I. Essa fosfolipase apresentou baixa inibição da replicação viral, sugerindo que a atividade catalítica da fosfolipase é importante, mas possivelmente não a única responsável pela ação antiviral. Os resultados obtidos permitem sugerir também que as fosfolipases apresentam ação tanto sobre a partícula viral quanto sobre receptores celulares, o que justifica os altos índices de seletividade observados.Dengue is the most important arbovirus disease in the world; nearly 50 million infections occur annually resulting in 500,000 cases of DHF and 22,000 deaths. Yellow fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever with high mortality that is transmitted by mosquitoes. Effective vaccines against yellow fever have been available for almost 70 years and are responsible for a significant reduction of the disease worldwide. However, about 200,000 cases of yellow fever still occur annually, mainly in Africa. Thus, the development of antiviral drugs against these viruses is a public health priority. Natural products of plant or animal origin have an extensive chemical diversity, and an inexhaustible source of compounds with promising biological activities. In Brazil, there is a high incidence of poisonous or venomous animals such as snakes, frogs and scorpions occur. The venoms of these animals are a source of several chemicals that does not possess biological and pharmacological activity completely studied. In this study, we assess the potential antiviral action of snake venom (Crotalus durissus terrificus, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops pirajai, Bothrops moojeni, Bothrops brasili and Bothrops fonseca) and Scorpion (Tityus serrulatus) against yellow fever and dengue viruses using different methodological strategies (pre-treatment, post-treatment, virucidal, adsorption and internalization). First, we performed a screening with the crude venoms, founding that the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus inhibited viral replication showing the highest selectivity index (SI). Crotoxin crotamin, crotapotin, convulxin, gyroxin, PLA2-CB and PLA2-IC isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus, were then tested in the different methodological strategies against dengue and yellow fever viruses. We found that crotoxin, PLA2-CB and PLA2-IC inhibited viral replication with high SI. The action of these compounds against the virus was at the first steps of the replication cycle (pre-treatment, virucidal, adsorption). The antiviral action observed in this study was attributed to the action of PLA2, since crotoxin is a protein complex composed of crotapotin and PLA2-CB. Afterwards, we evaluated a phospholipase without catalytic activity isolated from Bothrops jararacussu, the BthTX-I. This phospholipase showed low inhibition of viral replication, showing that the catalytic activity of phospholipase is important, but perhaps not the only one responsible for the antiviral action. Our results also suggest that phospholipases have action on the viral particle and on cell receptors, which explains the high levels of selectivity observed.
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Alexandrino, Francisca Inez Gouveia [UNESP]. "Ilhas de calor e casos de dengue na área urbana de Taubaté-SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150961.
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O acelerado processo de ocupação urbana que as cidades produzem para abrigar suas populações, vem impactando no ambiente físico e natural. Reflexo deste desequilíbrio está no surgimento da Ilha de Calor, promovida pelo excesso de áreas construídas, pouca permeabilidade no solo e de áreas vegetadas, contribuindo com o aumento de temperatura e com a alteração do balanço energético do lugar tornando os ambientes favoráveis para a proliferação de doenças vetoriais como a dengue. A maioria das pesquisas sobre Ilha de Calor estão relacionadas com conforto térmico e o equilíbrio ambiental nas áreas urbanas, sendo um desafio sobre as causas das alterações ambientais sobre as condições de saúde. Segundo a Secretária de vigilância epidemiológica da cidade de Taubaté-SP, na região do Vale do Paraíba, com população de 280.000 hab., notificou no ano de 2014 mais de 9 mil casos de dengue, sendo a terceira maior cidade com registro da doença no ano. A escassez de dados sobre o microclima que contribuam com a saúde pública e com as propostas do plano diretor da cidade, justifica esta pesquisa em reconhecer os impactos sobre o meio ambiente e associar a Ilha de Calor com os casos de dengue ocorridos na faixa etária de 0 a 9 anos. O objetivo do trabalho foi de identifica as mudanças de uso e ocupação do solo urbano entre os anos de 2000 e 2010 e detectar as alterações de temperatura de superfície da área urbana no verão de 2014 e associar com os casos de dengue ocorridos no mesmo período nos setores censitários urbanos, produzindo mapas temáticos de densidade pelo modelo kernel. Para tanto, foram adquirida imagens do sensor TM do Landsat 5 datadas de 21/08/2000 e 01/08/2010 e imagem de verão datada de 01/02/2014 do satélite Landsat 8 sensores Orli/Tirs da orbita 118/76 que foram processadas e analisadas pelo sistema de informação geográfico (Arcgis). O resultado obtido identificou que a ocupação urbana sobre áreas ambientais do município tem contribuído com o surgimento da Ilha de Calor, destacando elevadas alterações de temperaturas de superfície de solo em alguns setores censitários urbanos no ano de 2014, que correlacionados aos casos de dengue ocorridos na faixa etária de 0 a 9 anos no mesmo período foi possível identificar pelo método de densidade de Kernel uma associação entre os mesmos setores censitários urbanos.
The accelerated process of urban occupation that cities produce to shelter their populations, has impacted the physical and natural environment. Reflection of this imbalance is in the emergence of the "heat island", promoted by the excess of constructed areas, little permeability in the soil and of vegetated areas, contributing with the increase of temperature and with the alteration of the energy balance of the place making the environments favorable for the proliferation of vector-borne diseases such as dengue. Most research on 'heat islands' is related to thermal comfort and the environmental balance of urban areas, and is a challenge on the causes of environmental changes on health conditions. According to the Secretary of Epidemiological Surveillance of the city of Taubaté-SP, in the Vale do Paraíba region, with a population of 280,000 inhabitants, in the year 2014 reported more than 9 thousand cases of dengue fever, being the third largest city with registered disease in the year. The scarcity of data on the microclimate that contribute to public health and the proposals of the city master plan justifies this research in recognizing the impacts on the environment and associating "heat islands" with dengue cases occurring in the range age from 0 to 9 years. The objective of this work was to identify changes in urban land use and urban occupation between 2000 and 2010 to detect changes in the surface temperature of the urban area in the summer of 2014 and to associate with the dengue cases occurring in the same period in the urban census sectors, producing thematic maps of density by the kernel model. For that, images of the TM sensor of Landsat 5 dated August 21, 2000 and August 1, 2010 were acquired and summer image dated 01/02/2014 of the satellite Landsat 8 Orli / Tirs sensors of the orbit 118/76 were processed and analyzed by the geographic information system (Arcgis). The obtained result identified that the urban occupation on environmental areas of the municipality has contributed to the emergence of the "heat island", highlighting high changes of soil surface temperatures in some urban census tracts of the year 2014, which correlated to dengue cases Occurring in the age group 0 to 9 years in the same period, it was possible to identify by the Kernel density method an association between the same urban sencus tracts.
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Coelho, Giovanini Evelim. "Relação entre o índice de infestação predial (IIP), obtido pelo levantamento rápido (LIRAa) e intensidade de circulação do vírus do Dengue." Programa de pós-graduação em saúde coletiva, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10294.
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O principal objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a existência de relação entre os níveis do Índice de Infestação Predial (IIP) obtidos pelo LIRAa e a transmissão de dengue nas semanas posteriores a sua realização. Trata-se de estudo ecológico tendo como unidade de análise município, fonte de dados o SINAN e registros sobre o LIRAa, de 2003 a 2006, obtidos nas Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde. Observou-se correlação positiva estatisticamente significante entre o IIP e o Número da Reprodutibilidade Basal das Infecções - R0 (r= 0,36, p=0,002) e a Força de infecção - λ ( r = 0,35, p=0,002). Os resultados deste estudo reforçam a importância do LIRAa como sinal de alerta para os responsáveis pelas atividades de controle da dengue nos municípios, pois, indiretamente, foi demonstrado que IIP mais elevados nos meses que antecedem o verão podem resultar no maior número de casos na estação de maior transmissão da doença.
Salvador
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Miorelli, Adriana. "Modelos epidemiológicos do dengue e o controle do vetor transmissor." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127101.
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Este trabalho, ao apresentar os conceitos básicos da Epidemiologia Matemática e da modelagem de populações por classes etárias, tem por objetivo desenvolver e implementar três modelos epidemiológicos de transmissão do dengue, a fim de avaliar teoricamente os efeitos da aplicação de inseticidas em populações de Aedes aegypti, em relação às epidemias de dengue. Uma variedade de métodos têm sido empregados no controle do vetor, sendo o Aedes aegypti a principal espécie envolvida na transmissão do dengue. A· aplicação de inseticidas de ultrabaixo volume (UL V) é uma das técnicas amplamente utilizada, particularmente durante epidemias. Tal técnica tem como objetivo matar os mosquitos adultos (adulticida). Há muita controvérsia em tomo destas aplicações, no que diz respeito ao impacto no controle da transmissão do dengue. Desta forma, através deste trabalho, procuramos observar a influência do uso de inseticida na dinâmica populacional do vetor transmissor e na dinâmica da epidemia, e analisar as circunstâncias em que o inseticida pode ser utilizado a fim de agir eficientemente no controle da transmissão do dengue. O emprego de larvicidas também é abordado, a fim de que se possa observar a influência deste na dinâmica populacional do vetor transmissor e na dinâmica da epidemia. Neste trabalho são detalhadas as hipóteses utilizadas na construção de cada modelo de transmissão do dengue apresentado. Apresentados os modelos, são considerados os aspectos relativos à implementação. Assim, mediante os aspectos teóricos envolvidos na modelagem e implementação, resultados numéricos são obtidos, através das simulações, as quais nos auxiliam a avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de inseticidas em populações de Aedes aegypti no controle da transmissão do dengue.In this work the basic Mathematical Epidemiology ideas are presented and three models of Dengue Fever transrnission are developed in order to measure the effects of the use o f insecticides on the populations o f the mosquito Aedes aegypti that are related to the dengue epidemics. There is a good variety of control methods on the Aedes aegypti populations. The use of ultra-low volume (UL V) insecticides is widely employed specially during epidemics. The goal of such method is to eliminate a fraction of the adult mosquito population. There is a great deal o f controversy on the effectiveness o f insecticide use during a dengue epidemic. In this way we propose to investigate the impact o f UL V on the mosquito dynarnics and on the epidemics dynarnics as well in order to determine in which circumstances the use o f UL V can truly effective on the course o f a epidemic. On the same line, we also propose a study on the use of larvicides as a control method. In this study we detail the hypotheses that are used to construct the dynarnic models. Once the models are presented we consider the implementation details. The numerical results are obtained after various simulations which provide the data that allow us to measure the impact ofthe control technique on the dengue epidemics.
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Barbosa, Gerson Laurindo 1970. "Analise da distribuição espaço-temporal de dengue e da infestação larvaria no municipio de Tupã, SP." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311816.
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Orientador: Roberto Wagner LourençoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Dengue é um importante problema de Saúde Pública. Seu vírus é transmitido pela picada do mosquito Aedes aegypti, cujo combate vem sendo realizado desde os tempos de Oswaldo Cruz, com tentativas de erradicação sem sucesso. O atual Programa de controle, não atinge o objetivo de manter baixos níveis de infestação, e impedir a transmissão do dengue. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a relação entre a distribuição espaço-temporal de casos de dengue, os indicadores larvados e características socioambientais no município de Tupã no período de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2007. Foram construídos indicadores larvários por quarteirão e totalidade do município. Os casos de dengue foram agrupados por quarteirão. Foi utilizado estimador kernel para analise espacial. Foram também construídos indicadores de qualidade socioambiental por setor censitário. A positividade de larvas no período estudado apresenta sazonalidade marcante, com maiores valores observados no primeiro e quarto trimestres do ano. A correlação cruzada defasada é significativa nos 2 anos de transmissão de dengue, considerando 2 meses de defasagem. Os mapas do estimador Kernel da positividade de recipientes com larvas indicam uma distribuição heterogênea, com aglomerados espaciais em diferentes regiões ao longo do período estudado. Os mapas dos casos de dengue mostram que houve um espalhamento da epidemia com aglomerados em diferentes regiões nos dois anos. Não ficou evidenciada relação entre infestação larvária e ocorrência de dengue com níveis socioambientais. Conclui-se que a incorporação de técnicas de geoprocessamento e análise espacial no programa podem contribuir com as ações de controle, na tomada de decisões, indicando os aglomerados espaciais de maior incidência
Abstract: Undoubtedly dengue fever is a major problem for Public Health. Its virus is transmitted by the bite of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which combat has been carried out since Oswaldo Cruz's time without success despite several eradication attempts. The current control Program does not meet the target of keeping the levels of infestation low and preventing the transmission of dengue fever. This work had as its aim to analyze the relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of cases of dengue fever, the larval indices and the environmental characteristics in the Tupa municipal district from January 2004 to December 2007. Larval indices were built by block and municipal district totality. The cases of dengue fever were grouped by block. The kernel density estimation was applied in order to obtain the spatial analysis. Indicators of environmental quality were also built by census sector. The existence of larvae during the studied period shows remarkable seasonal features, with higher values being observed in the first and fourth periods of three months. The cross-lagged correlation is significant in the two years of dengue fever transmission considering two months of discrepancy. The kernel density estimation maps of positivity of recipients with larvae indicate a heterogeneous distribution with spatial groupings in different regions throughout the studied period. The maps of cases of dengue fever demonstrate that there was a spreading of the epidemic with agglomeration in different regions in the two years. There was no evidence of a relation between larval infestation and the occurrence of dengue fever with environmental levels. It was concluded that the incorporation of techniques of geographic processing and spatial analysis into the program may contribute to the control actions, decision taking, indicating a spatial agglomeration of higher incidence
Mestrado
Epidemiologia
Mestre em Saude Coletiva
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Sousa, Edna Pinto Pereira de. "Influência das variáveis climáticas em casos de dengue nas cidades da Baixada Santista (sudeste do Brasil) e Cingapura(sudeste asiático)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-22062012-111323/.
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Neste estudo, baseado na análise de séries temporais para um período de 8 anos, correlacionou-se os casos de dengue com as variáveis climáticas das cidades da Baixada Santista (sudeste brasileiro) e de Cingapura (sudeste asiático). O estudo foi feito com o uso de um modelo de regressão de Poisson (MRP), que considera os casos de dengue como a variável dependente e as variáveis climáticas: precipitação, temperatura (máxima e mínima) e umidade relativa (máxima e mínima) como as variáveis independentes. Também foi utilizada a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) para escolher as variáveis que influenciam no aumento do número de casos de dengue nas cidades estudadas. A CP1 (componente principal 1) foi representada pelas temperaturas (máxima e mínima) e a precipitação e a CP2 (componente principal 2) pela umidade relativa (máxima e mínima). Calculou-se o acréscimo dos novos casos de dengue e o risco relativo de ocorrência da doença por influência de cada uma das variáveis climáticas. Na Baixada Santista, os maiores valores de precipitação e temperatura ocorrem nos meses de dezembro e janeiro (verão) e o aumento dos casos de dengue ocorre nos meses de março a maio (outono). Para Cingapura, a diminuição da precipitação e o aumento da temperatura ocorrem nos meses de março a maio (pré-monção de sudoeste), e, portanto, observa-se o aumento dos casos de dengue nos meses de junho a outubro (monção de sudoeste). Os resultados foram: em Cingapura, para 2oC a 10oC de variação na temperatura (máxima e mínima), houve um aumento médio dos casos de dengue de 22,2% a 184,6% (máxima) e de 26,1% a 230,3% (mínima). O risco relativo médio foi de 1,2% a 2,9% e de 1,3% a 3,3%, respectivamente. Para precipitação, a variação de 5mm a 55mm, houve o aumento dos casos de dengue de 5,6% a 83,2%, sendo e o risco relativo médio foi de 1,06% a 1,83%. A umidade relativa após a análise de correlação foi descartada no uso do modelo de regressão de Poisson por apresentar uma correlação muito baixa. Para a Baixada Santista, a variação da temperatura de 2oC a 10oC apresentou um acréscimo médio nos casos de dengue de 19,6% a 154,4% (máxima) e de 18,2% a 145,4% (mínima). O risco relativo médio foi de 1,20% a 2,54% e de 1,18% a 2,45%, respectivamente. A variação da precipitação de 5mm a 55mm apresentou um aumento dos casos de dengue de 3,92% a 53,10%. A umidade relativa mínima variando de 2% a 10%, o acréscimo dos casos de dengue foi 7,7% a 49,4%, sendo que o risco relativo foi de 1,08% a 1,49%. Assim, após várias análises, a temperatura mínima foi um dos preditores para ocorrência do aumento dos casos de dengue em Cingapura, sendo que há uma influência bem particular da precipitação, na qual, atua significativamente no período seco (pré-monção de sudoeste). Enquanto que na Baixada Santista as influências mais significativas foram da temperatura (máxima e mínima) e precipitação, que desenvolvem conjuntamente um bom cenário de atuação do vetor no período do outonoIn this study, based on time series analysis for a period of eight years, correlated dengue cases with climatic variables in the cities of Santos (southeastern Brazil) and Singapore (Southeast Asia). The study was done using a Poisson regression model (PRM), which considers the cases of dengue as the dependent variable and climatic variables: precipitation, temperature (maximum and minimum) and relative humidity (maximum and minimum) as the independent variables. Also we used the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select the variables that influence the increase in the number of dengue cases in the cities studied. The PC1 (principal component 1) was represented by the temperatures (maximum and minimum) and precipitation and the PC2 (principal component 2) the relative humidity (maximum and minimum). We calculated the addition of new dengue cases and relative risk of disease influenced by each variable climate. In Baixada Santista, the highest values of precipitation and temperature occur in the months of December and January (summer) and the increase in dengue cases occur in the months from March to May (autumn). For Singapore, the decrease in precipitation and temperature increase occurring in the months March to May (southwest inter-monsoon) and hence there is an increase of dengue cases in the months from June to October (southwest monsoon). The results were in Singapore for 2oC to 10oC change in temperature (maximum and minimum), there was an average increase of dengue cases from 22.2% to 184.6% (maximum) and 26.1% at 230 3% (minimum). The average relative risk was 1.2% to 2.9% and 1.3% to 3.3%, respectively. For precipitation, the range of 5mm to 55mm, there was an increase of dengue cases from 5.6% to 83.2%, with and average relative risk was 1.06% to 1.83%. The relative humidity after the correlation analysis was discarded in the use of Poisson regression model for presenting a very low correlation. For Baixada Santista, the variation of temperature of 2oC to 10oC showed an average increase in the dengue cases from 19.6% to 154.4% (maximum) and 18.2% to 145.4% (minimum). The average relative risk is 1.20% to 2.54% and 1.18% to 2.45%, respectively. The variation in the precipitation of 5mm to 55mm showed an increase in dengue cases from 3.92% to 53.10%. The minimum relative humidity ranging from 2% to 10%, the increase of dengue cases was 7.7% to 49.4%, and the relative risk was 1.08% to 1.49%. Thus, after several analyzes, the minimum temperature was one of the predictors for the occurrence of the increase of dengue cases in Singapore, and there is a very particular influence of the precipitation, in which it acts significantly in the dry season (southwest inter-monsoon). While in Baixada Santista were the most significant influences of temperature (maximum and minimum) and precipitation, which jointly develop a good field of action of the vector in the autumn
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McAtamney, Sarah. "Investigation of Dengue Fever Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Carbohydrate-Ligand Recognition Events Essential for Mammalian Cell Infection." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366363.
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Dengue Fever virus (DENV) is a very old mosquito-borne flavivirus that has made a modern worldwide re-emergence as a result of population movement and growth, urbanisation and lapse of vector control. The World Health Organisation estimates that 2.5 billion people, or two-fifths of the world’s population are at risk from DENV, which can cause serious illness and in its severe forms, death. Despite the humanitarian and economic burden that DENV and its flaviviral relatives create, there are no chemotherapeutic drugs available and vaccine development is challenging. Mammalian host cell infection by DENV is mediated by the Envelope glycoprotein (EGP), which covers the entire exposed surface of the mature virus particle and is comprised of three exposed protein domains (DI, DII and DIII) and a transmembrane anchor. While significant effort has been invested to better understand how DIII of EGP participates in receptor mediated endocytosis of DENV into host cells, including the site and structure of the receptor binding site, or carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), and the structure of ligands involved remain undefined. A recent study of mammalian cell surface glycans involved in DENV infection by Dr Kazuya Hidari and co-workers identified DENV inhibition by the glycolipid Paragloboside, which includes the tetrasaccharide Lacto-N-neotetraose (nLc4)1. This thesis reports an investigation of DENV-2 EGP DIII ligand specificity and characterisation of the DIII CRD involved in mammalian cell infection. To achieve this, soluble and high level expression of DENV-2 ThNH-7/93 EGP DIII was established from Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) yeast and the recombinant DIII was successfully purified to near homogeneity by single step affinity chromatography. The biological activity of DIII was assessed by DENV permissible cell based assays and the recombinant protein was shown to have retained its wildtype host cell receptor binding activity. Recombinant DIII protein was utilised to successfully establish glycan microarray and saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD NMR) methodologies, Confidential – not to be copied ii which are useful in the study of EGP ligand specificity. Investigation of nLc4 ligand binding to EGP confirmed that this tetrasaccharide binds to the CRD DIII, involving each of its carbohydrate moieties. Epitope mapping by STD NMR spectroscopy also revealed that the H-1 proton of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) makes closest contact with DIII via its N-acetyl group. Screening of carbohydrate libraries with DENV-2 and a multivalent DIII complex identified additional EGP specificity to several novel binding ligands that share a GlcNAc moiety at the first or second non-reducing cytoplasmexposed positions.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Institute for Glycomics
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Wu, Min-Huei, and 吳民惠. "Epidemiology of Dengue Fever/ Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Southern Taiwan, 2001~2003." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71117549079469613728.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
流行病學研究所
92
The largest epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with the highest case numbers and case fatality rate (CFR：8.7%) of DHF caused by dengue virus serotype 2 (DEN-2) exploded in southern Taiwan in 2002, since 1942. We investigated the molecular changes of viral factors plus host variables in this epidemic in KaoHsiung City/County and Pingtung City/County during 2001-2003 by involving three parts: (1) to understand the epidemiological, virological and serological data on DHF versus dengue fever (DF) cases which were defined by dengue team scholars through field investigations, and (2) to elucidate the molecular changes in nucleotide and amino acid sequences of complete envelope (E) gene (1485 nucleotides) of DEN-2 by collecting isolates obtained from 2001-2003 compared with those from past epidemics in Taiwan and other countries from GenBank through phylogenetic and qualitative analyses, and (3) to search for the relationship between the diversity of quasispecies in E gene in DF versus DHF patients with or without different underlying diseases. The most DHF cases were emerged from the peak of the epidemic curve (35th-44th wk). By univariate analysis of several risk factors for DHF vs. DF cases, our results indicated that : (1)the percentage of DHF cases in ChienJen District of KaoHsiun City (initial epi-center) increased significantly from the second period [7.05%(28/397)] to the third period [9.7%(14/144)] and the fourth period [10.9%(43/394)] (p=0.0003) besides the initial epidemic period; (2) DHF cases occurred more frequently in 40~60 y/o adults [44.79% (118/295)，p=0.008], in patients with chronic diseases such as asthma [3.04% (7/230) vs. 1.12% (8/715)，p=0.04], kidney disease [6.52% (15/230) vs. 3.08% (22/715)，p=0.01], hypertension [27.83% (64/230) vs. 18.23% (131/715)，p=0.001], HBV infection [6.52% (15/230) vs. 3.36% (24/715)，p=0.04], diabetes mellitus [22.17% (51/230) vs. 14.4% (103/715)，p=0.005], gastric ulcer [10.43% (24/230) vs. 4.2% (30/715)，p=0.0004]; and (3) DHF had significant association with the patient’s self-described past dengue history [18.29% (47/257) vs. 12.16% (300/2467)，p=0.005] but smaller-scale serological data did not show such an association with past dengue virus infection [93.38% (127/136) vs. 88.38% (1148/1299)，p=0.08]. Molecular epidemiologic study to determine the role of viral evolution in emerging a large-scale epidemic of DHF during 2001-2003 was to analyze the complete sequences of E gene of 38 DEN-2 isolates obtained from epidemics in 1981, 1987, 1997, and 2001-2003 in Taiwan. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that Taiwan’s DEN-2 isolates fell into 2 clusters (diversity 0~8.7%). The 2001-2003’s DEN-2 isolates, which belonged to the cosmopolitan genotype, showed 99.1%~100% sequence identity and 8, 20 and 2 DEN-2 isolates of 2001, 2002 and 2003 had 99.6-100%, 99.5-100% and.99.7% homology, respectively. The 1981’s DEN-2 isolate had 95.3% nt homology with 1987’s and such an identity dropped to 94.4% in 1997, and declined to 92.6% in 2001-2003. The nucleotide sequences of E gene at positions of 137, 291, 1128 of 2001’s eight DEN-2 isolates had consistent changes from C, A, T to T (only one remained as C), T, C in 2002-2003’s twenty-two isolates whereas the amino acid at position 46 was consistently changed from Thr in 2001 to Ile in 2002 as the epidemic became longer. Tungkang’s DEN-2 isolates showed geographic differences from Kaoshoung’s DEN-2 isolates in both 2001 and 2002, implying different environmental factors or selective pressures affecting various evolution rate or directions of DEN-2. Among 4 imported DEN-2 isolates, the one from the Philippines (Cosmopolitan genotype) had the highest homology (98.9-99%) with Taiwan’s indigenous DEN-2 isolates in 2001-2003. There were no molecular signatures of distinct lineage for those isolates from DHF vs. DF or dengue cases with or without specific underlying diseases. To understand whether quasispecies of DEN-2 would have more variation in those dengue patients with underlying diseases (diabetes, hypertension etc.), 7 plasma and 1 peripheral blood mononuclear samples of 4 DF and 4 DHF patients with clear epidemiological characteristics and medical history were collected. The PCR product from E region of DEN-2 isolates from blood in acute phase were ligased with the T/A cloning vector, and PCRⅡ-TOPO was used to transform to E. coli TOP 10 competent cells. About 12~20 clones were randomly selected, completely E gene sequenced and aligned, p-distance was used in analyzing sequence diversity. Our results showed that there was no relationship between DHF and more diversity of quasispecies at E region but those dengue patients had underlying diseases demonstrated higher diversity (p=0.072, Mann-Whitney test). In summary, the Cosomopolitan genotype of DEN-2 came into Taiwan in 2001 and increased its diversity in 2002-2003 plus geographical variation taken together had facilitated to emerge more variants of DEN-2. Furthermore, the rapid infection of large human populations including patients with underlying diseases increased the dimension of variability of DEN-2. Therefore, diversified DEN-2 strains through a series of human-mosquito-human transmission chains interacting with host and environmental factors might emerge the phenotype of DEN-2 with more virulence or higher epidemic potentials. Therefore, future studies on pathogenesis of DHF need to emphasize the interactions between virus evolution and alternating hosts through transmission chains.
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Shen, Cho-Kuang, and 沈倬光. "The Role of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Patients with Dengue Fever versus Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73711371808635140105.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
流行病學研究所
91
ENGLISH ABSTRACT The possible role of immnopathogenesis in leading to dengue patients manifested with the severe form of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) versus mild form of dengue fever (DF) caused by the same serotype of dengue virus during the same epidemic has not been fully understood. The specific aims of this study were to determine whether there are differences in the expression of two important chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR3) related to virus infection or the levels of their relevant chemokines (RANTES, IP-10, Mig and MIP-1α) associated with hemorrhage or liver function or certain clinical complications in DHF versus DF patients. A prospective follow-up cohort study design was employed to recruit 23 DHF and 77 DF patients caused by dengue virus serotype 2 plus 46 healthy donors from Aug. 2, 2002 to Mar. 31, 2003 in Kaohsiung and Pingtung, Taiwan. Human whole blood samples of dengue patients and healthy controls were stained with antibodies of two chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR3) or CD45RO plus CD62L to classify into naïve, central memory and effector memory subpopulations of both CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, and then quantify those positive stained cells by flow cytometry. Levels of RANTES, IP-10, Mig, MIP-1a were also measured in serum samples collected at both the first visit and subsequent repeated visits. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation test were used to compare the relationship between above each chemokine / chemokine receptors and clinical severity of dengue or hemodynamic/biochemical laboratory findings, and their kinetic changes at different time points after the onset of fever in DHF vs DF patients, respectively. Our results found that dengue fever patients had significantly lower expression of CXCR3 in CD8 T cells (DF patients: 23.75+ 2.87 vs controls: 43.39+ 29.87, p=0.001) and significantly lower mean ratio of CD4+T/CD3+T cells than healthy controls (DF patients: 33.19+ 2.21 vs controls: 40.13 + 15.94, p=0.03). In addition, dengue patients had significantly higher serum levels of RANTES (DHF: 13.69+3.46 vs DF: 19.56+2.74, controls: 2.21+0.78 ng/ml, p<0.05), IP-10 (DHF: 4.74+3.46 vs DF: 3.39+0.63, controls: 0.15±0.03, p<0.05), Mig (DHF: 653.45+ 85.89 vs DF: 664.63+ 59.60, controls: 190.85±22.53, p<0.05) and significantly lower levels of MIP-1a (DHF: 26.99+ 11.56 vs DF: 38.59+ 9.86, controls: 92.47±13.55, p<0.05) than healthy controls; (3) kinetic patterns of 4 chemokines were different because the serum levels of IP-10 and Mig <7 days after the onset of fever was much higher than > 7 days after the onset of fever whereas the serum levels of RANTES in these two time intervals were reverse; (4) levels of RANTES in serum were positively correlated with higher expression of CCR5 on CD8+CD3+T cells in DHF patients (r=0.39,P=0.023) and quantities of RANTES were further significantly correlated with two most important hematological abnormalities (platelet number (p<0.01) and hematocrit (p=0.01) implying the important role of RANTES in blood in those severe hemorrhage patients；and (5) IP-10 was the only major chemokine difference found in acute phase serum samples (<7 days after onset of the fever) between DHF vs DF patients (5.90+0.79 ng/ml vs 3.48+0.56 ng/ml, p=0.007). In conclusion, this study indicates that kinetic patterns of chemokines in the serum of DHF were different from DF patients. High levels of circulating IP-10 and Mig within the first 3 days after the onset of fever plus persistent high quantity of RANTES might facilitate to attract CXCR3 expressing T cells into infection sites and the orchestra of these three chemokines would further increase CCR5 expressing on CD8+T cells. These interplays among CXCR3, CCR5 and relevant chemokines in monocytes, T cells and endothelial cells would possibly lead to cell damages and then cause hemorrhage. Future studies need to integrate and monitor the intracellular production of these chemokines, activation of each subpopulations of immune cells, viral load and kinetic changes of hematological parameters for fully understanding of immunopathgenesis of DHF.
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Tseng, Chao-Feng, and 曾朝豐. "The integrated vector management of dengue fever." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fck785.
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碩士國立高雄大學
運動健康與休閒學系碩士班
100
Dengue fever prevention and control can not relying on a single method to achieve successful control. In this study, the insecticides resistance of the mosquito was investigated, green barrier spray to control adult mosquito test was conducted, meanwhile, the environment friendly pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis H-14 (Bti), spinosad, insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen and monomolecule film (AMF) were used to test for the Dengue fever vectors. The results were shown that Aedes aegypti without insecticides resistance to organophosphorus insecticides. Green barrier spray method can effectively reduce the ovitrap indices and eggs number of mosquito to achieve good prevention effect. The results of the larva prevention study found that the larva of Dengue fever vectors did not show insecticides resistance to Bti and spinosad. It was found that the 50% Lethal Concentrations (LC50) of Bti, spinosad and pyriproxyfen to Bora Bora of A. aegypti were respectively 44.9, 4.7 and 0.019 ppb, that is, very low concentration to control the larva of the Bora Bora of A. aegypti effectively. AMF can kill the larva within 72 hours (mortality 100%), and the 50% Lethal Time (LT50) to the pupa of mosquito is 160 minutes of concentration in 1 ml/m2. All pupae were killed until 210 minture. The mixed reagent of pyriproxyfen and Bti (0.001: 4) was used for the test, the mixed solution showed LC50 of 0.354 ppb to Bora Bora of A. aegypti. The mixed solution of pyriproxyfen and spinosad (0.01: 5) was used for the test, the mixed solution showed a LC50 of 0.054 ppb to Bora Bora of A. aegypti. In addition, results of further combination index analysis showed synergism effects of these testing mixtures. Moreover, the residual effects of pyriproxyfen laboratory simulation test (10 and 50 ppb in indoor and outdoor) were evaluated once a week for 9 weeks and no mosquito larvae were found. The results of spinosad laboratory simulation tests (50 and 100 ppb in indoor) were found to have 100% killing effect 4 weeks and 5 weeks after indoor application, respectively. The 24 hours mortality of dengue vector larvae were 100% by mixed reagent (5 ppb pyriproxyfen and 100 ppb Bti or 50 ppb spinosad), and the residual effects of mixed reagent was 4 weeks. The results may be used as a reference for the government in establishing strategies on the integrated vector management of dengue.
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CHEN, CHIA-HUA, and 陳家驊. "Current Status of Dengue Fever in Southeast Asia." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25ts7h.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華醫事科技大學
醫學檢驗生物技術系碩士班
107
Abstract Dengue fever has always been an infectious disease that is very troubled by tropical countries. Because of the symptoms of early simple fever, it is not easy for medical personnel to judge dengue fever in the first time. Since the onset of diagnosis and dengue fever has been quite contagious, it has taken measures to shorten the detection time of dengue fever are necessary. The internationalized society, which is the most connected Southeast Asian country with Taiwan, is a high-risk endemic area for dengue fever. However, with Taiwanese tourism and exchanges, dengue fever has also been strengthened, and Southeast Asian countries are mostly in developing countries. Compared with Taiwan's sound medical and health systems, their health standards still have room for improvement. From the most basic water-removing containers to the follow-up of people who enter and exit Southeast Asian countries, the most effective way is to implement the national concept of dengue fever prevention and to formulate relevant policies to rectify and manage environmental sanitation, which is the most effective way to eliminate dengue fever.
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Chen, Chung-Yuan, and 陳重元. "Diabetes is a risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56492154847359781605.
Full textAbstract:
碩士高雄醫學大學
醫學研究所碩士班
93
英文摘要 Background and Purpose: We investigated the relationship between dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), and diabetes mellitus(DM) in southern Taiwan. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients serologically proved at a university hospital during an outbreak of DF in Taiwan in 2002 , including OPD and admission patients. Results: There are total 644 patients, 411 of them are DF patients and 233 are DHF/DSS/Death patients. 65 of them are DM patients, DM patients are older(59.51±9.87 v.s. 46.23±18.05 years ， p<0.001) ， more obese (BW 67.38±11.76 v.s. 63.52±14.3 Kg，p=0.025), had more HTN【32/65 (49.23%) v.s. 100/579 (17.27%)，p<0.001】；and old CVA history【7/65(10.77%) v.s. 14/579(2.42 ％ ) ， p<0.001 】； more ECG ischemia finding(%) 【13/65(20%)v.s.31/579 (5.35%), p<0.001】, more hospitalization rate【57/65(87.69%) v.s. 430/579(74.27%) ， p=0.017 】。Higher WBC count on day 4 after admission(6.53±4.82 v.s. 5.07±3.28 *103/μL，p=0.042)，and recovery WBC count(6.41±1.68 v.s. 5.69±2.08*103/μL， p=0.018 ） ， lower recovery monocyte ( 8.25±2.67 v.s. 10.36±6.68%,p=0.025), lower PLT count at ER (54.54±51.69 v.s.86.58±63.4*103/μ，p<0.001), PLT-day-2(43.98±44.09 v.s. 64.52±45.06*103/μL，p=0.002)，and PLT day-3(43.86±35.75 v.s. 62.72±51.21*103/μL，p=0.012)， Higher plasma fibrinogen level(428.83±154.6 v.s. 334.41±119.2mg/dl ，p=0.027)，Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed after adjusted for age and previous dengue history, male gender (Odds ratio=1.53 ， 95% Confidence Interval=1.03~2.77，p=0.037)and diabetes(Odds ratio=2.11，95% Confidence Interval=1.13~3.93，p=0.019)are two risk factors for DHF& DSS& death. In diabetic patients, DM duration is a risk factor for DF severity (10.44±8.15 v.s.6.33±5.26 years ， p=0.017) ， but neither blood sugar(222.86±110.36 v.s.209.04±95.09 mg/dl，p=0.596)nor HbA1c(8.49±1.64 v.s. 8.82±2.18 %，p=0.580)is，The mortality rate between DM and non-DM groups is no difference.【3/65(4.62%) v.s. 8/579(1.38%)，p=0.056】. Conclusion: DM and male gender are two risk factors for the development of DHF/ DSS. DM duration is an important risk factor for DF severity in diabetic patients.
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Dorman, Erica T. "Pathogenesis Of Dengue In The Development Of Hemorrhagic Fever." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10505.
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Meng-HsiangChen and 陳孟翔. "Monitoring outbreak of Dengue Fever by using INARMA model." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bgpt99.
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Chan, Ya-chu, and 詹雅筑. "Insecticide susceptibility of dengue fever vectors in Kaohsiung city." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93079605187343927155.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄大學
運動健康與休閒學系碩士班
102
Dengue fever is a important infect born diseases in Taiwan. The major vectors are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Some studies had found that Aedes aegypti had resistance to permethrin and etofenprox in Kaohsiung city, so it is important to understand the insecticide resistance for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Kaohsiung city. This study was carried out during April to May in 2013. We used the ovitraps to collect the eggs of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Kaohsiung city(Sanmin district, Lingya district, Qianzhen district, Xiaogang district, Zuoying district, Mituo district) and collected eggs were taken back to laboratory for future breed. The study were conducted by WHO membrane bioassay, larvae bioassay, topical application bioassay and membrane bioassay to test the insecticide resistance for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Kaohsiung different districts. The result of WHO membrane bioassay show that Aedes aegypti in Kaohsiung city has resistance to pyrethroid and possibility of resistance to carbamate and susceptibility to organophosphate. Aedes albopictus has possibility of resistance to carbamate and has susceptibility to pyrethroid and organophosphate.The result of larvae bioassay show that Aedes aegypti in Kaohsiung city has high resistance to permethrin and Aedes albopictus has susceptibility to permethrin. The result of topical application bioassay show that Aedes aegypti in Kaohsiung city has high resistance to permethrin and Aedes albopictus has susceptibility to permethrin except Sanmin district. The result of adding the PBO to permethrin show that 1:10 has the best influence and effect Aedes albopictus better than Aedes aegypti. The result of membrane bioassay Aedes aegypti in Kaohsiung city has medium resistance to permethrin and Aedes albopictus has susceptibility to permethrin. The study hope to understand the insecticide resistance for dengue fever vectors in different districts and establish a regional insecticide index to provide a reference of prevention and control of dengue fever.
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Yu-HsuanChung and 鍾雨軒. "Detection of mosquitoes causing dengue fever by image processing." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/puqrfe.
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TSAI, I.-CHIAO, and 蔡宜俶. "Explore the Epidemiology and Current Status of Dengue Fever." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rh7n36.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華醫事科技大學
醫學檢驗生物技術系碩士班
107
With the impact of global urbanization and climate warming, the area of dengue outbreaks and virus types are different every year. However, each country must face a major threat of dengue virus infection, and the island inhabited by Taiwan is in the subtropical zone. The area, warm and humid environment, is very beneficial to the activity and reproduction of vector mosquitoes. In order to avoid the spread of dengue fever, the direction and guidelines of dengue fever are very important. The dengue vaccine research was launched in 1940. In 2015,Dengvaxia ® , a dengue vaccine manufactured by the French sanofi pharmaceutical company, was approved by the Mexican government and became the first country in the world to approve dengue vaccines. The Philippines is the first in the world. The implementation of the national application of dengue vaccine, but its protective and practical have serious side effects, the application of the object is only suitable for once infected with dengue fever, can not be popular. However, there is no specific drug or vaccination for dengue fever. The best prevention method is to prevent the mosquitoes from developing. If it is checked for positive sources, it must be regulated in accordance with relevant regulations and impose fines. In addition, the "mosquito" face recognition system, GIS geographic information system, mobile phone positioning query App, the addition of these new anti-epidemic technologies, the implementation of the anti-mosquito program; recently successfully developed an in vitro detection test to identify four dengue virus antibodies，The set has high sensitivity and specificity, can maintain health, reduce medical burden and improve the quality of life.