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Journal articles on the topic 'Dense independent'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Berenstein, Alexander, Juan Felipe Carmona, and Evgueni Vassiliev. "Supersimple structures with a dense independent subset." Mathematical Logic Quarterly 63, no. 6 (December 2017): 552–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/malq.201500022.

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2

Berenstein, Alexander, and Evgueni Vassiliev. "Geometric structures with a dense independent subset." Selecta Mathematica 22, no. 1 (October 7, 2015): 191–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00029-015-0190-1.

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3

Gryzlov, A. A. "On independent matrices and dense subsets of Tychonoff products." Topology and its Applications 202 (April 2016): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2016.01.027.

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4

Berenstein, Alexander, and Evgueni Vassiliev. "Fields with a dense-codense linearly independent multiplicative subgroup." Archive for Mathematical Logic 59, no. 1-2 (July 5, 2019): 197–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00153-019-00683-w.

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5

de Oliveira Silva, Luis Claudio, Allan Kardec Barros, and Marcus Vinicius Lopes. "Detecting masses in dense breast using independent component analysis." Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 80 (July 2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2017.07.003.

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6

Dolich, Alfred, Chris Miller, and Charles Steinhorn. "Expansions of o-minimal structures by dense independent sets." Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 167, no. 8 (August 2016): 684–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apal.2016.04.003.

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7

Aronson, Richard B., and Daniel B. Blake. "Evolutionary paleoecology of dense ophiuroid populations." Paleontological Society Papers 3 (October 1997): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s108933260000022x.

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Issues of scale are becoming increasingly important to paleobiological interpretations of the fossil record. Nevertheless, a number of biological processes display scale-independent behaviors. The effects of predation on the distribution of dense populations of epifaunal, suspension-feeding ophiuroids are scale-independent, at scales ranging from the microecological to the macroevolutionary. On a microecological scale (meters to kilometers, hours to days), dense ophiuroid populations are limited in shallow-water environments by predatory fishes and crabs. On a larger, ecological scale (tens to hundreds of kilometers, decades to centuries), circumstantial evidence indicates that oceanographically driven, multidecadal cycles of predator abundance determine the abundance of ophiuroids throughout the western English Channel. On a macroevolutionary scale (millions to tens of millions of years, global spatial scale), dense, autochthonous assemblages of ophiuroids declined in conjunction with the Mesozoic diversification of modern shell-crushing predators: teleostean fishes, decapod crustaceans, and neoselachian sharks. The sporadic reappearance of dense ophiuroid populations in a late Eocene, shallow marine deposit in Antarctica suggests that predator-prey relationships were disrupted as temperatures declined in the region at that time. Scale-independence is a useful model for explaining and predicting patterns of distribution of dense ophiuroid populations in time and space.

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8

Hu, Wanjun. "Generalized independent families and dense sets of Box-Product spaces." Applied General Topology 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2006): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/agt.2006.1924.

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9

AlBdaiwi, Bader, Zaid Hussain, Anton Cerny, and Robert Aldred. "Edge-disjoint node-independent spanning trees in dense Gaussian networks." Journal of Supercomputing 72, no. 12 (June 13, 2016): 4718–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1768-x.

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10

Li, Weifeng, Yuxiaotong Shen, Jie Zhang, Xiaolin Huang, Ying Chen, and Yun Ge. "Common Interferences Removal from Dense Multichannel EEG Using Independent Component Decomposition." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2018 (May 27, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1482874.

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To improve the spatial resolution, dense multichannel electroencephalogram with more than 32 leads has gained more and more applications. However, strong common interference will not only conceal the weak components generated from the specific isolated neural source, but also lead to severe spurious correlation between different brain regions, which results in great distortion on brain connectivity or brain network analysis. Starting from the fast independent component analysis algorithm, we first derive the mixing matrix of independent source components based on the baseline signals prior to tasks. Then, we identify the common interferences as those components whose mixing vectors span the minimum angles with respect to the unitary vector. By assuming that both the common interferences and their corresponding mixing vectors stay consistent during the entire experiment, we apply the demixing and mixing matrix to the task signals and remove the inferred common interferences. Subsequently, we validate the method using simulation. Finally, the index of global coherence is calculated for validation. It turns out that the proposed method can successfully remove the common interferences so that the prominent coherence of mu rhythms in motor imagery tasks is unmasked. The proposed method can gain wide applications because it reveals the true correlation between the local sources in spite of the low signal-to-noise ratio.

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11

Routbort, J. L., K. C. Goretta, D. J. Miller, D. B. Kazelas, C. Clauss, and A. Domínguez-Rodríguez. "Compressive creep of dense Bi2Sr1.7CaCu2Ox." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 9 (September 1992): 2360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.2360.

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Dense polycrystalline Bi2Sr1.7CaCu2Ox (2212) was deformed from 780–835 °C in oxygen partial pressures, Po2, of 103 to 2 × 104 Pa. Results could be divided into two stress regimes: one at lower stress in which the steady-state creep rate, ∊, was proportional to stress, γ, having an activation energy of 990 ± 190 kJ/mole and being independent of PO2, and another at higher stress in which ∊ was proportional to σn, with n ≍ 5–6. Transmission electron microscopy supported the interpretation that in the lower-stress viscous regime, creep was controlled by diffusion, whereas dislocation glide and microcracking were responsible for strain accommodation at higher stresses.

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12

Hu, T., and H. Wu. "DENSE CORRESPONDING PIXEL MATCHING USING A FIXED WINDOW WITH RGB INDEPENDENT INFORMATION." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences I-4 (July 18, 2012): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-i-4-89-2012.

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13

Wei, Wei, A. Balamurugan, Jonathan H. Dwyer, and Padma Gopalan. "Substrate-Independent Approach to Dense Cleavable Polymer Brushes by Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization." ACS Macro Letters 7, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00979.

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14

ABBAS, Jasem M. K., Jagadish CHAKRABORTY, Abayomi O. AKANJI, and Suhail A. R. DOI. "Hypothyroidism Results in Small Dense LDL Independent of IRS Traits and Hypertriglyceridemia." Endocrine Journal 55, no. 2 (2008): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.k07e-065.

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15

Pilipczuk, Michał, and Sebastian Siebertz. "Kernelization and approximation of distance-r independent sets on nowhere dense graphs." European Journal of Combinatorics 94 (May 2021): 103309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejc.2021.103309.

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16

BEGUN, BORIS, and ANDRÉS DEL JUNCO. "Partitions with independent iterates in random dynamical systems." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 30, no. 2 (September 30, 2009): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385709000212.

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AbstractKrengel characterized weakly mixing actions (X,T) as those measure-preserving actions having a dense set of partitions of X with infinitely many jointly independent images under iterates of T. Using the tools developed in later papers—one by del Junco, Reinhold and Weiss, another by del Junco and Begun—we prove analogues of these results for weakly mixing random dynamical systems (in other words, relatively weakly mixing systems).

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17

PADFIELD, Philip J., Ninder PANESAR, Patricia HENDERSON, and Joseph J. BALDASSARE. "Differential effects of G-protein activators on 5-hydroxytryptamine and platelet-derived growth factor release from streptolysin-O-permeabilized human platelets." Biochemical Journal 314, no. 1 (February 15, 1996): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3140123.

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In this paper we have used streptolysin O (SLO)-permeabilized human platelets to examine the G-protein(s) that control Ca2+-independent secretion from α and dense-core granules. As shown for electropermeabilized platelets, Ca2+ alone stimulated a concentration-dependent increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (dense-core-granule marker) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (α-granule marker) release from the SLO-permeabilized cells. The EC50 values for Ca2+-dependent 5-HT and PDGF release were 5 μM and 10 μM respectively. Guanosine 5´-[γ-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) (100 μM) stimulated Ca2+-independent release from both α and dense-core granules. In contrast, AlF4- had no effect on Ca2+-independent release from either α or dense-core granules. Neither GTP[S] nor AlF4- appeared to have a significant effect on Ca2+-dependent release from α and dense-core granules. GTP[S] can activate both heterotrimeric and low-molecular-mass G-proteins, whereas AlF4- activates only heterotrimeric G-proteins. Our results, therefore suggest that secretion in the human platelet is regulated by a small G-protein. Both GTP[S]- and Ca2+-dependent secretion were effected by extending the time between permeabilization with SLO and stimulation of secretion. GTP[S]-stimulated secretion from α and dense-core granules decreased rapidly after permeabilization. In contrast, Ca2+-dependent 5-HT and PDGF release ran down at a much lower rate. These observations indicate that GTP[S] and Ca2+ act through parallel pathways to stimulate secretion from SLO-permeabilized platelets.

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18

Kumaran, V. "Dense shallow granular flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 756 (September 3, 2014): 555–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.412.

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AbstractSimplified equations are derived for a granular flow in the ‘dense’ limit where the volume fraction is close to that for dynamical arrest, and the ‘shallow’ limit where the stream-wise length for flow development ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}L$) is large compared with the cross-stream height ($h$). The mass and diameter of the particles are set equal to 1 in the analysis without loss of generality. In the dense limit, the equations are simplified by taking advantage of the power-law divergence of the pair distribution function $\chi $ proportional to $(\phi _{ad} - \phi )^{- \alpha }$, and a faster divergence of the derivative $\rho (\mathrm{d} \chi / \mathrm{d} \rho ) \sim (\mathrm{d} \chi / \mathrm{d} \phi )$, where $\rho $ and $\phi $ are the density and volume fraction, and $\phi _{ad}$ is the volume fraction for arrested dynamics. When the height $h$ is much larger than the conduction length, the energy equation reduces to an algebraic balance between the rates of production and dissipation of energy, and the stress is proportional to the square of the strain rate (Bagnold law). In the shallow limit, the stress reduces to a simplified Bagnold stress, where all components of the stress are proportional to $(\partial u_x/\partial y)^2$, which is the cross-stream ($y$) derivative of the stream-wise ($x$) velocity. In the simplified equations for dense shallow flows, the inertial terms are neglected in the $y$ momentum equation in the shallow limit because the are $O(h/L)$ smaller than the divergence of the stress. The resulting model contains two equations, a mass conservation equations which reduces to a solenoidal condition on the velocity in the incompressible limit, and a stream-wise momentum equation which contains just one parameter $\mathcal{B}$ which is a combination of the Bagnold coefficients and their derivatives with respect to volume fraction. The leading-order dense shallow flow equations, as well as the first correction due to density variations, are analysed for two representative flows. The first is the development from a plug flow to a fully developed Bagnold profile for the flow down an inclined plane. The analysis shows that the flow development length is $(\bar{\rho }h^3 / \mathcal{B})$, where $\bar{\rho }$ is the mean density, and this length is numerically estimated from previous simulation results. The second example is the development of the boundary layer at the base of the flow when a plug flow (with a slip condition at the base) encounters a rough base, in the limit where the momentum boundary layer thickness is small compared with the flow height. Analytical solutions can be found only when the stream-wise velocity far from the surface varies as $x^F$, where $x$ is the stream-wise distance from the start of the rough base and $F$ is an exponent. The boundary layer thickness increases as $(l^2 x)^{1/3}$ for all values of $F$, where the length scale $l = \sqrt{2 \mathcal{B}/ \bar{\rho }}$. The analysis reveals important differences between granular flows and the flows of Newtonian fluids. The Reynolds number (ratio of inertial and viscous terms) turns out to depend only on the layer height and Bagnold coefficients, and is independent of the flow velocity, because both the inertial terms in the conservation equations and the divergence of the stress depend on the square of the velocity/velocity gradients. The compressibility number (ratio of the variation in volume fraction and mean volume fraction) is independent of the flow velocity and layer height, and depends only on the volume fraction and Bagnold coefficients.

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19

Ansumali, S. "Mean-Field Model Beyond Boltzmann-Enskog Picture for Dense Gases." Communications in Computational Physics 9, no. 5 (May 2011): 1106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.301009.240910s.

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AbstractThis work proposes an extension to Boltzmann BGK equation for dense gases. The present model has an H-theorem and it allows choice of the Prandtl number as an independent parameter. I show that similar to Enskog equation this equation can reproduce dynamics of dense gases.

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20

Esperet, Louis, Ross J. Kang, and Stéphan Thomassé. "Separation Choosability and Dense Bipartite Induced Subgraphs." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 28, no. 5 (February 26, 2019): 720–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548319000026.

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AbstractWe study a restricted form of list colouring, for which every pair of lists that correspond to adjacent vertices may not share more than one colour. The optimal list size such that a proper list colouring is always possible given this restriction, we call separation choosability. We show for bipartite graphs that separation choosability increases with (the logarithm of) the minimum degree. This strengthens results of Molloy and Thron and, partially, of Alon. One attempt to drop the bipartiteness assumption precipitates a natural class of Ramsey-type questions, of independent interest. For example, does every triangle-free graph of minimum degree d contain a bipartite induced subgraph of minimum degree Ω(log d) as d→∞?

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21

Rasheed, Asim, Sana Ajmal, and Amir Qayyum. "Protocol Independent Adaptive Route Update for VANET." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/403918.

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High relative node velocity and high active node density have presented challenges to existing routing approaches within highly scaled ad hoc wireless networks, such as Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET). Efficient routing requires finding optimum route with minimum delay, updating it on availability of a better one, and repairing it on link breakages. Current routing protocols are generally focused on finding and maintaining an efficient route, with very less emphasis on route update. Adaptive route update usually becomes impractical for dense networks due to large routing overheads. This paper presents an adaptive route update approach which can provide solution for any baseline routing protocol. The proposed adaptation eliminates the classification ofreactiveandproactiveby categorizing them aslogical conditionsto find and update the route.

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22

Franco, Robert S., Herbert Thompson, Mary Palascak, and Clinton H. Joiner. "The Formation of Transferrin Receptor-Positive Sickle Reticulocytes With Intermediate Density Is Not Determined by Fetal Hemoglobin Content." Blood 90, no. 8 (October 15, 1997): 3195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.8.3195.

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Abstract Erythrocyte dehydration is an important feature of sickle cell disease, leading to increased sickle hemoglobin polymerization and decreased red blood cell survival. Substantial in vivo dehydration appears to occur in reticulocytes or in an even younger subset of reticulocytes that are positive for transferrin receptor. Previous studies have suggested both sickling-dependent and sickling-independent components of dehydration for these cells. Two types of investigations are reported here. The first series of experiments explored the possibility that fetal hemoglobin (HbF ) content influences the in vivo dehydration of very young, transferrin receptor-positive (T+) cells. These studies confirmed that in most patients the T+ cells in the densest fraction lacked HbF (T+F−). However, T+F− and T+F+ cells appeared to have the same tendency to become moderately dense. The second type of investigation examined moderately dense T+ cells with normalized K+ content and determined the effect of HbF content on KCl cotransport-mediated dehydration in oxygenated incubations. Under these conditions, both T+F− and T+F+ cells had an equal tendency to become more dense by this pathway. Taken together, these studies indicate that at least some young sickle cells become moderately dense due to higher KCl cotransport activity independent of HbF content (and by inference, independent of sickling). However, to become very dense, it appears that further dehydration through a sickling-mediated pathway is required. We suggest that the dehydration of young sickle cells occurs in two steps, with the first dominated by KCl cotransport and the second having an important sickling-dependent component.

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23

Murdoch, Susan J., Molly C. Carr, Hal Kennedy, John D. Brunzell, and John J. Albers. "Selective and independent associations of phospholipid transfer protein and hepatic lipase with the LDL subfraction distribution." Journal of Lipid Research 43, no. 8 (August 2002): 1256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.m100373-jlr200.

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Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), hepatic lipase (HL), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) have all been reported to be intricately involved in HDL metabolism but the effect of PLTP on the apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins relative to that of HL and LPL has not been established. Due to our previous observation of a positive correlation of PLTP activity with plasma apoB and LDL cholesterol, the relationship of PLTP with the LDL subfractions was investigated and compared with that of HL and LPL. Plasma lipoproteins from 50 premenopausal women were fractionated by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Correlations were calculated between the cholesterol concentration of each fraction and plasma PLTP, HL, and LPL activity. Plasma PLTP activity was highly, positively, and selectively correlated with the cholesterol concentration of the buoyant LDL/dense IDL fractions, yet demonstrated a complete absence of an association with the dense LDL fractions. In contrast, HL was positively correlated with the dense LDL fractions but showed no association with buoyant LDL. LPL was also positively correlated with several buoyant LDL fractions; however, the correlations were weaker than those of PLTP. PLTP and LPL were positively correlated and HL was negatively correlated with HDL fractions.The results suggest that PLTP and HL may be important and independent determinants of the LDL subpopulation density distributions.

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24

Zhang, Ju, Qingwu Hu, Hongyu Wu, Junying Su, and Pengcheng Zhao. "Application of Fractal Dimension of Terrestrial Laser Point Cloud in Classification of Independent Trees." Fractal and Fractional 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract5010014.

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Tree precise classification and identification of forest species is a core issue of forestry resource monitoring and ecological effect assessment. In this paper, an independent tree species classification method based on fractal features of terrestrial laser point cloud is proposed. Firstly, the terrestrial laser point cloud data of an independent tree is preprocessed to obtain terrestrial point clouds of independent tree canopy. Secondly, the multi-scale box-counting dimension calculation algorithm of independent tree canopy dense terrestrial laser point cloud is proposed. Furthermore, a robust box-counting algorithm is proposed to improve the stability and accuracy of fractal dimension expression of independent tree point cloud, which implementing gross error elimination based on Random Sample Consensus. Finally, the fractal dimension of a dense terrestrial laser point cloud of independent trees is used to classify different types of independent tree species. Experiments on nine independent trees of three types show that the fractal dimension can be stabilized under large density variations, proving that the fractal features of terrestrial laser point cloud can stably express tree species characteristics, and can be used for accurate classification and recognition of forest species.

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25

van Elteren, A., S. Portegies Zwart, I. Pelupessy, M. X. Cai, and S. L. W. McMillan. "Survivability of planetary systems in young and dense star clusters." Astronomy & Astrophysics 624 (April 2019): A120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834641.

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Aims. We perform a simulation using the Astrophysical Multipurpose Software Environment of the Orion Trapezium star cluster in which the evolution of the stars and the dynamics of planetary systems are taken into account. Methods. The initial conditions from earlier simulations were selected in which the size and mass distributions of the observed circumstellar disks in this cluster are satisfactorily reproduced. Four, five, or size planets per star were introduced in orbit around the 500 solar-like stars with a maximum orbital separation of 400 au. Results. Our study focuses on the production of free-floating planets. A total of 357 become unbound from a total of 2522 planets in the initial conditions of the simulation. Of these, 281 leave the cluster within the crossing timescale of the star cluster; the others remain bound to the cluster as free-floating intra-cluster planets. Five of these free-floating intra-cluster planets are captured at a later time by another star. Conclusions. The two main mechanisms by which planets are lost from their host star, ejection upon a strong encounter with another star or internal planetary scattering, drive the evaporation independent of planet mass of orbital separation at birth. The effect of small perturbations due to slow changes in the cluster potential are important for the evolution of planetary systems. In addition, the probability of a star to lose a planet is independent of the planet mass and independent of its initial orbital separation. As a consequence, the mass distribution of free-floating planets is indistinguishable from the mass distribution of planets bound to their host star.

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26

Bhullar, Bhupinder, Ying Zhang, Albert Junco, Richard Oko, and Frans A. van der Hoorn. "Association of Kinesin Light Chain with Outer Dense Fibers in a Microtubule-independent Fashion." Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, no. 18 (February 19, 2003): 16159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m213126200.

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27

Sangineto, E. "Pose and Expression Independent Facial Landmark Localization Using Dense-SURF and the Hausdorff Distance." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 35, no. 3 (March 2013): 624–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2012.87.

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28

Komjáth, Péter. "A problem of Laczkovich: How dense are set systems with no large independent sets?" Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 167, no. 10 (October 2016): 879–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apal.2015.09.004.

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29

Hashimoto, Yoshiaki, Masako Togo, Kazuhisa Tsukamoto, Yukio Horie, Tsuyoshi Watanabe, and Kiyoshi Kurokawa. "Protein kinase C-dependent and -independent mechanisms of dense granule exocytosis by human platelets." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1222, no. 1 (May 1994): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4889(94)90024-8.

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30

Ward, GD. "The Fate of Young Radiotagged CommonBrushtail Possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, in New Zealand Lowland Forest." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850145.

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Twenty-nine newly independent juvenile common brushtail possums were radiotracked in dense lowland forest. In their first year of independence 10 died in the 16-ha area where they were first caught; six (including five males) dispersed. One of the males moved 6.8 km in the course of two nights. Contact with two animals was lost, and eleven (including nine females) remained as residents on their maternal home ranges.

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31

Hammarlund, Marc, Shigeki Watanabe, Kim Schuske, and Erik M. Jorgensen. "CAPS and syntaxin dock dense core vesicles to the plasma membrane in neurons." Journal of Cell Biology 180, no. 3 (February 4, 2008): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200708018.

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Docking to the plasma membrane prepares vesicles for rapid release. Here, we describe a mechanism for dense core vesicle docking in neurons. In Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons, dense core vesicles dock at the plasma membrane but are excluded from active zones at synapses. We have found that the calcium-activated protein for secretion (CAPS) protein is required for dense core vesicle docking but not synaptic vesicle docking. In contrast, we see that UNC-13, a docking factor for synaptic vesicles, is not essential for dense core vesicle docking. Both the CAPS and UNC-13 docking pathways converge on syntaxin, a component of the SNARE (soluble N-ethyl-maleimide–sensitive fusion protein attachment receptor) complex. Overexpression of open syntaxin can bypass the requirement for CAPS in dense core vesicle docking. Thus, CAPS likely promotes the open state of syntaxin, which then docks dense core vesicles. CAPS function in dense core vesicle docking parallels UNC-13 in synaptic vesicle docking, which suggests that these related proteins act similarly to promote docking of independent vesicle populations.

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32

Zhao, Wei, Xingyi Li, Siqi Li, Zhiqiang Ge, Mulong Liu, Zhongyu Li, and Shujian Du. "Sub-wavelength focusing based on all-dielectric polarization-independent metalens." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 29 (November 20, 2018): 1850321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218503216.

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We have proposed an all-dielectric polarization-independent metalens, which can be used for sub-wavelength focusing. The phase discontinuity of transmission light is produced by varying the diameter of the nanopillar. In this way, the incident light can be focused into sub-wavelength spot. Besides, finite-difference time-domain results show that near diffraction limit focusing is realized for the wavelength from 580 nm to 750 nm, which means the proposed metalens possesses a broad operation bandwidth. This all-dielectric metalens features polarization independent and broad bandwidth, and thus promises great potential for the applications of nanolithography, dense storage and biophotonics.

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33

Williams, Joshua, and Sharlene D. Newman. "Modality-Independent Effects of Phonological Neighborhood Structure on Initial L2 Sign Language Learning." Research in Language 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2015-0022.

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The goal of the present study was to characterize how neighborhood structure in sign language influences lexical sign acquisition in order to extend our understanding of how the lexicon influences lexical acquisition in both sign and spoken languages. A referentmatching lexical sign learning paradigm was administered to a group of 29 hearing sign language learners in order to create a sign lexicon. The lexicon was constructed based on exposures to signs that resided in either sparse or dense handshape and location neighborhoods. The results of the current study indicated that during the creation of the lexicon signs that resided in sparse neighborhoods were learned better than signs that resided in dense neighborhoods. This pattern of results is similar to what is seen in child first language acquisition of spoken language. Therefore, despite differences in child first language and adult second language acquisition, these results contribute to a growing body of literature that implicates the phonological features that structure of the lexicon is influential in initial stages of lexical acquisition for both spoken and sign languages. This is the first study that uses an innovated lexicon-construction methodology to explore interactions between phonology and the lexicon in L2 acquisition of sign language.

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34

SUN, QICHENG, FENG JIN, JIANGUO LIU, and GUOHUA ZHANG. "UNDERSTANDING FORCE CHAINS IN DENSE GRANULAR MATERIALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 29 (November 20, 2010): 5743–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210055780.

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When a load is applied to a dense granular material, the stress is largely transmitted by relatively rigid, heavily stressed chains of particles forming a sparse network of larger contact forces. Force chains act as the key determinant of mechanical properties such as stability, elasticity and flowability. To understand the structure and evolution of force chains, related physical processes and three corresponding characteristic time scales are analyzed in this study. We also propose three dimensionless numbers for the measurement of the relative importance of force chains. To solely study the effect of particle surface friction on force chains, uniaxial compression tests of 11,000 equal-sized particles in 2D were numerically simulated using the discrete element method. By proposing three conditions to define a force chain, the chain length distribution is found in the form of a power law. The exponent of 1.744 is independent of the surface friction. Although these results were obtained from partially crystallized jammed packings, they provide new insight into the physical processes and the structure of force chains, and thus will be helpful in the interpretation of force chains in other dense granular systems.

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35

Glickman, J. N., and S. Kornfeld. "Mannose 6-phosphate-independent targeting of lysosomal enzymes in I-cell disease B lymphoblasts." Journal of Cell Biology 123, no. 1 (October 1, 1993): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.123.1.99.

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B lymphocytes from patients with I-cell disease (ICD) maintain normal cellular levels of lysosomal enzymes despite a deficiency of the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. We find that an ICD B lymphoblastoid cell line targets about 45% of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D to dense lysosomes. This targeting occurs in the absence of detectable mannose 6-phosphate residues on the cathepsin D and is not observed in ICD fibroblasts. The secretory protein pepsinogen, which is closely related to cathepsin D in both amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure, is mostly excluded from dense lysosomes, indicating that the lymphoblast targeting pathway is specific. Carbohydrate residues are not required for lysosomal targeting, since a non-glycosylated mutant cathepsin D is sorted with comparable efficiency to the wild type protein. Analysis of a number of cathepsin D/pepsinogen chimeric proteins indicates that an extensive polypeptide determinant in the cathepsin D carboxyl lobe can confer efficient lysosomal sorting when introduced into the pepsinogen sequence. This determinant overlaps but is not identical to the recognition marker for phosphotransferase. These results indicate that a specific protein recognition event underlies Man-6-P-independent lysosomal sorting in ICD lymphoblasts.

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Avrutsky, Ivan, Evan M. Smith, Shivashankar Vangala, Ricky Gibson, Joshua R. Hendrickson, and Justin W. Cleary. "Angle- and polarization-independent mid-infrared narrowband optical filters using dense arrays of resonant cavities." Optics Express 27, no. 26 (December 11, 2019): 37481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.037481.

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Packard, Chris J. "Small dense low-density lipoprotein and its role as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease." Current Opinion in Lipidology 17, no. 4 (August 2006): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mol.0000236367.42755.c1.

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Naumann, Niko. "Arithmetically defined dense subgroups of Morava stabilizer groups." Compositio Mathematica 144, no. 1 (January 2008): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x07003181.

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AbstractFor every prime p and integer n≥3 we explicitly construct an abelian variety $A/\mathbb {F}_{p^n}$ of dimension n such that for a suitable prime l the group of quasi-isogenies of $A/\mathbb {F}_{p^n}$ of l-power degree is canonically a dense subgroup of the nth Morava stabilizer group at p. We also give a variant of this result taking into account a polarization. This is motivated by the recent construction by Behrens and Lawson of topological automorphic forms which generalizes topological modular forms. For this, we prove some arithmetic results of independent interest: a result about approximation of local units in maximal orders of global skew fields which also gives a precise solution to the problem of extending automorphisms of the p-divisible group of a simple abelian variety over a finite field to quasi-isogenies of the abelian variety of degree divisible by as few primes as possible.

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39

Berntsson, Jonna, Maria Christina Svensson, Karin Leandersson, Bjorn Nodin, Agnieszka Krzyzanowska, Anders Bjartell, Jakob Eberhard, and Karin Jirstrom. "The prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer differs by anatomical subsite." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.7_suppl.47.

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47 Background: Several studies report dense infiltration of tumour-infiltrating T cells and natural killer cells to be associated with an improved prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC); but whether these associations differ by tumour location remain unknown. This study investigated the prognostic impact of immune cell infiltration in CRC, with particular reference to the anatomical subsite of the primary tumour. Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of CD3, CD8, FoxP3, and CD56 was analysed in tissue microarrays with tumours from 557 incident CRC cases from a prospective population-based cohort. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were applied to determine the impact of biomarker expression on 5-year overall survival (OS), in the entire cohort and in subgroup analysis of right colon, left colon, and rectum. Results: In the entire cohort, dense infiltration of all the investigated immune cells correlated significantly with an improved 5-year OS in both univariable and multivariable analysis, adjusted for age, TNM stage, differentiation grade, and vascular invasion. Dense infiltration of CD3+ and CD8+ cells were independent favourable prognostic factors for tumours in the right colon (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.53, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.29-0.95 and HR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.19-0.65, respectively), but not in the left colon or rectum. When microsatellite instability status was included in the adjusted model, only CD8+ cells remained an independent favourable prognostic factor in right-sided tumours. Dense infiltration of FoxP3+ cells was an independent favourable prognostic factor for tumours in the rectum (HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.30-0.99), but not in the right or left colon. Infiltration of CD56+ cells did not carry any independent prognostic impact after stratifying for primary tumour site. Conclusions: The results from this study demonstrate that the prognostic impact of certain T cell subsets in CRC differs by primary tumour site, being most evident in right-sided tumours. These findings indicate that tumour location may be an important factor to take into consideration in therapeutic decisions, including eligibility for immunotherapy.

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Coquard, R., and D. Baillis. "Radiative Properties of Dense Fibrous Medium Containing Fibers in the Geometric Limit." Journal of Heat Transfer 128, no. 10 (March 3, 2006): 1022–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2345426.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the dependent regime in dense fibrous materials with size parameters ranging in the geometric optics limit. We use a method based on a Monte Carlo procedure which permits one to identify the radiative properties of dispersed media. This method is applied to materials made of opaque or semitransparent randomly oriented long circular cylinders representing the fibers. The results permit us to investigate the limit of validity of independent scattering hypothesis and to analyze the evolution of the extinction coefficient, scattering albedo and phase function of the fibrous material with the porosity and the reflecting properties of the particles when the shadowing effect due to geometric sized objects is not negligible. We also propose a correlation to estimate the radiative properties in dependent regime from the results of the independent scattering hypothesis. Thereafter, the radiative characteristics obtained are compared to those predicted by previous authors.

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Falgarone, E., P. Hily-Blant, J. Pety, and G. Pineau des Forêts. "The turbulent environment of low-mass dense cores." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S237 (August 2006): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307001172.

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AbstractThe signatures of intermittent dissipation of turbulent energy have been sought in the translucent environment of a low-mass dense core. Molecular line observations reveal a network of narrow filamentary structures, found on statistical grounds to be the locus of the largest velocity shears. Three independent properties of these structures make them the plausible sites of intermittent dissipation of turbulence: (1) gas there is warmer and more diluted than average, (2) it bears the signatures of a non-equilibrium chemistry triggered by impulsive heating due to turbulence dissipation, and (3) the power that these structures radiate in the gas cooling lines (mostly H2) is so large that it balances the total energy injection rate of the turbulent cascade, for a volume filling factor of only a few percents, consistent with other observations in the Solar Neighborhood. These filamentary structures may act as tiny seeds of gas condensation in diffuse molecular gas. They do not exhibit the properties of steady-state low-velocity magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) shocks, as presently modelled.

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ARNOLD, LUDWIG, and NGUYEN DINH CONG. "On the simplicity of the Lyapunov spectrum of products of random matrices." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 17, no. 5 (October 1997): 1005–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385797086355.

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Assuming that the underlying probability space is non-atomic, we prove that products of random matrices (linear cocycles) with simple Lyapunov spectrum form an $L^p$-dense set ($1 \leq p < \infty$) in the space of all cocycles satisfying the integrability conditions of the multiplicative ergodic theorem. However, the linear cocycles with one-point spectrum are also $L^p$-dense. Further, in any $L^\infty$-neighborhood of an orthogonal cocycle there is a diagonalizable cocycle.For products of independent identically distributed random matrices (with distribution $\mu$), simplicity of the Lyapunov spectrum holds on a set of $\mu$'s which is open and dense in both the topology of total variation and the topology of weak convergence, hence is generic in both topologies. For products of matrices which form a Markov chain, the spectrum is simple on a set of transition functions dense in the topology of weak convergence.

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Destounis, Stamatia, Andrea Arieno, and Amanda Santacroce. "Screening Ultrasound for Women with Dense Breasts in the Age of Patient-centered Care." American Journal of Sonography 1 (September 20, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ajs-30-2018.

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As the field of medicine moves toward practicing patient-centered care, radiologists in breast imaging must continue to look for ways to increase the value of their practice in the eyes of patients. Providing adjunct screening of women with dense breasts provides such an opportunity. The presence of dense breast tissue is not only an independent risk factor for breast cancer but also a risk factor for the delayed diagnosis of breast cancer as dense tissue reduces the efficacy of screening mammograms due to the tissue masking effect. As legislation for notifying women of their breast density becomes commonplace, both women and referring physicians need to understand the risks of dense breast tissue as well as the benefits of additional screening affords. Breast radiologists can become integral to their patients’ care team by offering education to both referring providers and patients on the topic of dense breasts and supplemental screening solutions, such as screening breast ultrasound, which has been shown to have benefit in overcoming mammography’s shortcomings in this demographic of women.

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Gadal, S., and W. Ouerghemmi. "MORPHO-SPECTRAL RECOGNITION OF DENSE URBAN OBJECTS BY HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W3 (August 19, 2015): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w3-433-2015.

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This paper presents a methodology for recognizing, identifying and classifying built objects in dense urban areas, using a morphospectral approach applied to VNIR/SWIR hyperspectral image (HySpex). This methodology contains several image processing steps: Principal Components Analysis and Laplacian enhancement, Feature Extraction of segmented build-up objects, and supervised classification from a morpho-spectral database (i.e. spectral and morphometric attributes). The Feature Extraction toolbox automatically generates a vector map of segmented buildings and an urban object-oriented morphometric database which is merged with an independent spectral database of urban objects. Each build-up object is spectrally identified and morphologically characterized thanks to the built-in morpho-spectral database.

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Yan, Xiumin, Huijie Zhao, and Xueliang Zhu. "Production of Basal Bodies in bulk for dense multicilia formation." F1000Research 5 (June 28, 2016): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8469.1.

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Centriole number is normally under tight control and is directly linked to ciliogenesis. In cells that use centrosomes as mitotic spindle poles, one pre-existing mother centriole is allowed to duplicate only one daughter centriole per cell cycle. In multiciliated cells, however, many centrioles are generated to serve as basal bodies of the cilia. Although deuterosomes were observed more than 40 years ago using electron microscopy and are believed to produce most of the basal bodies in a mother centriole-independent manner, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained unknown until recently. From these findings arise more questions and a call for clarifications that will require multidisciplinary efforts.

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Rathee, Vikram, Daniel L. Blair, and Jeffrey S. Urbach. "Localized stress fluctuations drive shear thickening in dense suspensions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 33 (August 1, 2017): 8740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703871114.

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Dense particulate suspensions exhibit a dramatic increase in average viscosity above a critical, material-dependent shear stress. This thickening changes from continuous to discontinuous as the concentration is increased. Using direct measurements of spatially resolved surface stresses in the continuous thickening regime, we report the existence of clearly defined dynamic localized regions of substantially increased stress that appear intermittently at stresses above the critical stress. With increasing applied stress, these regions occupy an increasing fraction of the system, and the increase accounts quantitatively for the observed shear thickening. The regions represent high-viscosity fluid phases, with a size determined by the distance between the shearing surfaces and a viscosity that is nearly independent of shear rate but that increases rapidly with concentration. Thus, we find that continuous shear thickening arises from increasingly frequent localized discontinuous transitions between distinct fluid phases with widely differing viscosities.

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Estrada-Díaz, Jorge A., Alex Elías-Zúñiga, Oscar Martínez-Romero, and Daniel Olvera-Trejo. "Enhanced Mathematical Model for Producing Highly Dense Metallic Components through Selective Laser Melting." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061571.

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In this work, a previously developed mathematical model to predict bulk density of SLMed (produced via Selective Laser Melting) component is enhanced by taking laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, powder’s thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity as independent variables. Experimental data and manufacturing conditions for the selective laser melting (SLM) of metallic materials (which include aluminum, steel, titanium, copper, tungsten and nickel alloys) are adapted from the literature and used to evaluate the validity of the proposed enhanced model. A strong relation between dependent and independent dimensionless products is observed throughout the studied materials. The proposed enhanced mathematical model shows to be highly accurate since the computed root-mean-square-error values (RMSE) does not exceed 5 × 10−7. Furthermore, an analytical expression for the prediction of bulk density of SLMed components was developed. From this, an expression for determining the needed scanning speed, with respect to laser power, to achieve highly dense components produced via SLM, is derived.

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Rahaman, Abdur, Wei Miao, and Aaron P. Turkewitz. "Independent Transport and Sorting of Functionally Distinct Protein Families in Tetrahymena thermophila Dense Core Secretory Granules." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 10 (August 14, 2009): 1575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00151-09.

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ABSTRACT Dense core granules (DCGs) in Tetrahymena thermophila contain two protein classes. Proteins in the first class, called granule lattice (Grl), coassemble to form a crystalline lattice within the granule lumen. Lattice expansion acts as a propulsive mechanism during DCG release, and Grl proteins are essential for efficient exocytosis. The second protein class, defined by a C-terminal β/γ-crystallin domain, is poorly understood. Here, we have analyzed the function and sorting of Grt1p (granule tip), which was previously identified as an abundant protein in this family. Cells lacking all copies of GRT1, together with the closely related GRT2, accumulate wild-type levels of docked DCGs. Unlike cells disrupted in any of the major GRL genes, ΔGRT1 ΔGRT2 cells show no defect in secretion, indicating that neither exocytic fusion nor core expansion depends on GRT1. These results suggest that Grl protein sorting to DCGs is independent of Grt proteins. Consistent with this, the granule core lattice in ΔGRT1 ΔGRT2 cells appears identical to that in wild-type cells by electron microscopy, and the only biochemical component visibly absent is Grt1p itself. Moreover, gel filtration showed that Grl and Grt proteins in cell homogenates exist in nonoverlapping complexes, and affinity-isolated Grt1p complexes do not contain Grl proteins. These data demonstrate that two major classes of proteins in Tetrahymena DCGs are likely to be independently transported during DCG biosynthesis and play distinct roles in granule function. The role of Grt1p may primarily be postexocytic; consistent with this idea, DCG contents from ΔGRT1 ΔGRT2 cells appear less adhesive than those from the wild type.

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Barrett, Craig F., Susann Wicke, and Chodon Sass. "Dense infraspecific sampling reveals rapid and independent trajectories of plastome degradation in a heterotrophic orchid complex." New Phytologist 218, no. 3 (March 4, 2018): 1192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.15072.

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Wu, Lan, Raphael Falque, Victor Perez-Puchalt, Liyang Liu, Nico Pietroni, and Teresa Vidal-Calleja. "Skeleton-Based Conditionally Independent Gaussian Process Implicit Surfaces for Fusion in Sparse to Dense 3D Reconstruction." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 5, no. 2 (April 2020): 1532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2969175.

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