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Journal articles on the topic 'Densification of the building'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Liu, Dalong, Wenqin Wang, and Hua Ge. "Impact of urban densification on building energy consumption." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 16001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017216001.

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The close layout of buildings is an important cause of urban densification. It makes solar radiation and long-wave radiation being blocked, scattered, and reflected multiple times. Radiant heat is a key factor affecting building energy consumption. The formation mechanism of urban radiation field in the spaces surrounded by dense buildings was analysed. Calculation models were established for the intensity of short-wave and long-wave radiations in spaces surrounded by dense buildings. Characteristics of the radiation field in the enclosed space was analysed. Two typical cities were selected for the analysis of the impact of urban densification on building energy consumption in the hot summer and warm winter zones of China. Studies have shown that the cooling energy consumption of residential buildings in enclosed space can be reduced by 7-15% compared with open space in China's hot summer and warm winter areas. This research will lay the foundation for urban design and architectural design.

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Koziatek, O., S. Dragićević, and S. Li. "GEOSPATIAL MODELLING APPROACH FOR 3D URBAN DENSIFICATION DEVELOPMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (June 7, 2016): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b2-349-2016.

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With growing populations, economic pressures, and the need for sustainable practices, many urban regions are rapidly densifying developments in the vertical built dimension with mid- and high-rise buildings. The location of these buildings can be projected based on key factors that are attractive to urban planners, developers, and potential buyers. Current research in this area includes various modelling approaches, such as cellular automata and agent-based modelling, but the results are mostly linked to raster grids as the smallest spatial units that operate in two spatial dimensions. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a geospatial model that operates on irregular spatial tessellations to model mid- and high-rise buildings in three spatial dimensions (3D). The proposed model is based on the integration of GIS, fuzzy multi-criteria evaluation (MCE), and 3D GIS-based procedural modelling. Part of the City of Surrey, within the Metro Vancouver Region, Canada, has been used to present the simulations of the generated 3D building objects. The proposed 3D modelling approach was developed using ESRI’s CityEngine software and the Computer Generated Architecture (CGA) language.

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Koziatek, O., S. Dragićević, and S. Li. "GEOSPATIAL MODELLING APPROACH FOR 3D URBAN DENSIFICATION DEVELOPMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (June 7, 2016): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b2-349-2016.

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With growing populations, economic pressures, and the need for sustainable practices, many urban regions are rapidly densifying developments in the vertical built dimension with mid- and high-rise buildings. The location of these buildings can be projected based on key factors that are attractive to urban planners, developers, and potential buyers. Current research in this area includes various modelling approaches, such as cellular automata and agent-based modelling, but the results are mostly linked to raster grids as the smallest spatial units that operate in two spatial dimensions. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a geospatial model that operates on irregular spatial tessellations to model mid- and high-rise buildings in three spatial dimensions (3D). The proposed model is based on the integration of GIS, fuzzy multi-criteria evaluation (MCE), and 3D GIS-based procedural modelling. Part of the City of Surrey, within the Metro Vancouver Region, Canada, has been used to present the simulations of the generated 3D building objects. The proposed 3D modelling approach was developed using ESRI’s CityEngine software and the Computer Generated Architecture (CGA) language.

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4

GENERALOV, Viktor P., and Elena M. GENERALOVA. "PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS TYPOLOGY FUTURE CITY." Urban construction and architecture 5, no. 1 (February 15, 2015): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2015.01.2.

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The current questions of prospects of modern cities development are viewed in the light of steady growth of population and urbanization connected with enhancement of cities role in social development. The problem of urban densification and the prospectivity of large cities vertical growth are considered. China practice is analyzed because this state is acknowledged global leader in the matter of high-rise building and its achievements can be useful for the Russian Federation. The article concerns activities of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) researching high-rise building. Modern approaches to highrise buildings typology are examined, their main point is defined as mini-city in city.

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Erlwein, Sabrina, and Stephan Pauleit. "Trade-Offs between Urban Green Space and Densification: Balancing Outdoor Thermal Comfort, Mobility, and Housing Demand." Urban Planning 6, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i1.3481.

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Urban green spaces reduce elevated urban temperature through evaporative cooling and shading and are thus promoted as nature-based solutions to enhance urban climates. However, in growing cities, the supply of urban green space often conflicts with increasing housing demand. This study investigates the interplay of densification and the availability of green space and its impact on human heat stress in summer. For the case of an open-midrise (local climate zone 5) urban redevelopment site in Munich, eight densification scenarios were elaborated with city planners and evaluated by microscale simulations in ENVI-met. The chosen scenarios consider varying building heights, different types of densification, amount of vegetation and parking space regulations. The preservation of existing trees has the greatest impact on the physical equivalent temperature (PET). Construction of underground car parking results in the removal of the tree population. Loss of all the existing trees due to parking space consumption leads to an average daytime PET increase of 5°C compared to the current situation. If the parking space requirement is halved, the increase in PET can be reduced to 1.3°C–1.7°C in all scenarios. The addition of buildings leads to a higher gain in living space than the addition of floors, but night-time thermal comfort is affected by poor ventilation if fresh air circulation is blocked. The protection of mature trees in urban redevelopment strategies will become more relevant in the changing climate. Alternative mobility strategies could help to reduce trade-offs between densification and urban greening.<p>Urban green spaces reduce outdoor temperatures through evaporative cooling and shading and are thus promoted as nature based solutions to enhance urban climates. However, in growing cities, supply of urban green space often conflicts with increasing housing demand. This study investigates the interplay of densification and availability of green and its impact on outdoor human thermal comfort. For the case of an open-midrise (LCZ 5) urban redevelopment site in Munich, eight densification scenarios were elaborated with city planners and evaluated by microclimate modelling in ENVI-met. The chosen scenarios consider varying building heights, different types of densification, vegetation amount and parking space regulations. The greatest impact on physical equivalent temperature (PET) has the preservation of existing trees. Construction of underground car parking results in the removal of the tree population. Loss of all existing trees due to parking space consumption leads to an average daytime increase of 5 °C PET compared to the current situation. If the parking space requirement is halved, the increase in PET can be reduced to 1.3 to 1.7 °C in all scenarios. Adding buildings leads to a higher gain in living space than adding floors, yet night time thermal comfort is affected by poor ventilation if fresh air circulation is blocked. Protecting mature trees in urban redevelopment strategies will gain more relevance in changing climate. Alternative mobility strategies can help to reduce trade-offs between mobility, densification and microclimate.</p>

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6

Rilatupa, James, Rahmad Samosir, and Sally S. Napitupulu. "Escalation quality of wooden beams as building construction with densification technology." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1007 (December 31, 2020): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1007/1/012002.

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7

Ferrante, Annarita, Anastasia Fotopoulou, and Cecilia Mazzoli. "Sustainable Urban Regeneration through Densification Strategies: The Kallithea District in Athens as a Pilot Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 9462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229462.

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The current main issue in the construction sector in Europe concerns the energy refurbishment and the reactivation of investments in existing buildings. Guidance for enhancing energy efficiency and encouraging member states to create a market for deep renovation is provided by a number of European policies. Innovative methods and strategies are required to attract and involve citizens and main stakeholders to undertake buildings’ renovation processes, which actually account for just 1% of the total building stock. This contribution proposes technical and financial solutions for the promotion of energy efficient, safe, and attractive retrofit interventions based on the creation of volumetric additions combined with renewable energy sources. This paper focuses on the urban reality of Athens as being an important example of a degraded urban center with a heavy heat island, a quite important heating demand, and a strong seismic vulnerability. The design solutions presented here demonstrate that the strategy of additions, because of the consequent increased value of the buildings, could represent an effective densification policy for the renovation of existing urban settings. Hence, the aim is to trigger regulatory and market reforms with the aim to boost the revolution towards nearly zero energy buildings for the existing building stocks.

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Wallin, Antti, Helena Leino, Ari Jokinen, Markus Laine, Johanna Tuomisaari, and Pia Bäcklund. "A Polyphonic Story of Urban Densification." Urban Planning 3, no. 3 (June 12, 2018): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v3i3.1340.

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Urban strategies, representing stories of possible futures, often intervene in already established local communities and therefore call for a considerate urban intervention. This article utilises the ideas of Henri Lefebvre’s socially produced space and of literature on stories involved in planning. Our empirical example tells a story of urban densification aspirations for an inner-city neighbourhood in Tampere, Finland. By combining the interviews of local people and planners with policy documents, we argue that planners’ stories pay too little attention to the place and to local stories. Planners’ abstract visions of the future and local stories building on lived experiences both draw meanings from the same place but have very different intentions. In our case, the consultation of the project started out wrong because the planners neglected a neighbourhood thick in symbolic meanings and the local stories’ power in resistance. By understanding the place as polyphonic in its foundation, planners could learn about the symbolic elements and reasons for people’s place attachment, and thus end up re-writing the place together. Urban interventions such as urban densification should connect to the place as part of its polyphonic historical continuum and acknowledge the residents’ place attachments.

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Kim, Jae Hong, and Xiangyu Li. "Building more housing near transit: A spatial analysis of residential densification dynamics." Transport Policy 114 (December 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.08.018.

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10

Leal, Alejandro, Bruno Cruz, and Alejandro Pérez-Duarte. "Architecture and transformation in Mexico City’s UNAM University Campus." VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2021.13028.

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<p>Architecture in permanent transformation is the starting point of this article, focused on the interaction between material and social aspects of a case study on modern Mexican housing, observing the building’s life in relation to its inhabitants. The Multifamily Apartment Building for Teachers (Multifamiliar para maestros), a faculty housing building at the UNAM campus, is a mid-twentieth-century experimental housing project, developed at the beginning of Mexico City´s densification. Today it is registered in UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites. The case study sheds some important insights into the transformations of a spatial modern utopia facing inhabitants' needs. Numerous differences were detected between the original idea behind the building’s architecture and the reality of its users today, revealing not only the ambiguous nature of the building but also problems derived from the country’s accelerated modernization. The results show contrasting approaches of the intermediate space between the building’s conception, and the constant process of becoming a home, where the scope of its habitability is negotiated. </p>

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WATANABE, Osamu, Yasunori HIRAOKA, and Hideki ISHIDA. "Study on the Densification Process of Pottery Body for Building Construction (Part 3)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 100, no. 1168 (1992): 1448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.100.1448.

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WATANABE, Osamu, and Hideki ISHIDA. "Study on the Densification Process of Pottery Body for Building Construction (Part 4)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 101, no. 1172 (1993): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.101.466.

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ISHIDA, Hideki, and Osamu WATANABE. "Study on the Densification Process of Pottery Body for Building Construction (Part 2)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 98, no. 1141 (1990): 1006–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.98.1006.

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ISHIDA, Hideki, and Osamu WATANABE. "Study on the Densification Process of Pottery Body for Building Construction (Part 1)." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 98, no. 1139 (1990): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.98.716.

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15

Kadivar, Marzieh, Christian Gauss, Mario Tomazello-Filho, Amir Javad Ahrar, Khosrow Ghavami, and Holmer Savastano. "Optimization of thermo-mechanical densification of bamboo." Construction and Building Materials 298 (September 2021): 123860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123860.

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16

Li, Junfeng, Zhengying Wei, Bokang Zhou, Yunxiao Wu, Sheng-Gui Chen, and Zhenzhong Sun. "Densification, Microstructure and Properties of 90W-7Ni-3Fe Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting." Metals 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080884.

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The preparation of refractory tungsten and tungsten alloys has always been challenging due to their inherent properties. Selective laser melting (SLM) offers a choice for preparing tungsten and tungsten alloys. In this work, 90W-7Ni-3Fe samples were prepared by selective laser melting and investigated. Different process parameter combinations were designed according to the Taguchi method, and volumetric energy density (VED) was defined. Subsequently, the effects of process parameters on densification, phase composition, microstructure, tensile properties, and microhardness were investigated. Nearly a full densification sample (≥99%) was obtained under optimized process parameters, and the value of VED was no less than 300 J/mm3. Laser power had a dominant influence on densification behavior compared with other parameters. The main phases of 90W-7Ni-3Fe are W and γ-(Ni-Fe), dissolved with partial W. In addition, 90W-7Ni-3Fe showed a high tensile strength (UTS = 1121 MPa) with poor elongation (<1%). A high average microhardness (>400 HV0.3) was obtained, but the microhardness presented a fluctuation along building direction due to the inhomogeneous microstructure.

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Bibby, Peter, John Henneberry, and Jean-Marie Halleux. "Under the radar? ‘Soft’ residential densification in England, 2001–2011." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318772842.

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Urban compaction policies have been widely adopted in developed countries in pursuit of more sustainable cities. Compactness is achieved through a process of ‘densification’, of developing and using land and buildings more intensively. However, empirical evidence on the processes and outcomes of urban densification is lacking. The paper addresses this lacuna. It considers densification in England, a country that has long experience of applying policies of urban containment and consolidation; and one where new data sources allow the analysis of recent land use change at a level of detail not hitherto possible. In England between 2001 and 2011, the bulk of additional dwellings were accommodated within urban areas, increasing their density. Yet, there were wide inter- and intra-regional variations in the pattern of densification: for example, in the contributions of large scale, formal development and of small scale, informal, gradual change – of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ densification – to the process. The significant differences in local experiences of densification that result raise major issues for policy.

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Mohammed, Jibrin Katun, Aremu Olanrewaju Sulyman, and Abdullahi Alhaji Aliyu. "A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Densification in an Organically Growing Urban Area." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2021-0008.

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Abstract Urban densification has attracted much attention in recent times, particularly in addressing certain urban problems such as urban sprawl and promoting compact development, though problems of unplanned densification are yet to be addressed in the literature. This paper examines space and time dynamics of urban densification, where patterns and changes in the residential densification of Bida urban area in Nigeria are assessed. The study relied on point features representing buildings for the years 2008, 2013, and 2018 digitized using ArcGIS 10.6. The data were analysed using Point Density spatial method to develop the spatiotemporal models which were further reclassified into three categories: low, medium, and high densities, respectively. The paper has found out that residential densities increase along the urban-rural gradient with clear evidence for unplanned urban densification as a result of the organic growth. Therefore, there is the need for planned densification in urban development which can curb the increasing residential density that reduces green and open spaces.

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Rojas-Fernández, Juan, Carmen Galán-Marín, Jorge Roa-Fernández, and Carlos Rivera-Gómez. "Correlations between GIS-Based Urban Building Densification Analysis and Climate Guidelines for Mediterranean Courtyards." Sustainability 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2017): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9122255.

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Bo, M. W., Y. M. Na, A. Arulrajah, and M. F. Chang. "Densification of granular soil by dynamic compaction." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 162, no. 3 (August 2009): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.2009.162.3.121.

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Chen, Tzehan, Brian J. Chow, Meng Wang, Ying Zhong, and Yu Qiao. "High-Pressure Densification of Composite Lunar Cement." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 29, no. 10 (October 2017): 06017013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002047.

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22

Wells, John A., and Robert Spewak. "Use of hygrothermal modeling to validate the application of an open-cell spray-foam insulation application to a high-rise heritage building in Winnipeg, Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 46, no. 11 (November 2019): 1021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0466.

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The increasing cost of new building construction has made repurposing existing building stock economically more viable compared with a green site new build. In addition to capital cost benefits, increasing urban densification through repurposing existing buildings is one of the solutions for enhancing the urban environment. This paper summarizes the investigative work completed to substantially improve the energy efficiency of a heritage 10 storey building in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The investigative work for the remediation involved hygrothermal modeling to rationalize the introduction of thermal insulation to the interior face of the exterior walls. Based on the modelling, an open-cell spray foam was applied to the interior face of the masonry walls. Temperature, moisture, and relative humidity sensors were placed in various locations throughout the building to monitor the exterior walls, primarily to identify if deleterious levels of moisture were accumulating in the masonry. The results were also used to compare the in-situ performance of the building with the predicted performance from the hygrothermal models. The investigation confirmed that obtaining accurate in-situ moisture readings in masonry products is significantly impacted by initial internal moisture levels, necessitating pre-test calibration. Regardless, moisture sensor data accumulated to date indicate that after six years of monitoring, deleterious levels of moisture in the masonry and plaster are not occurring in the exterior walls, which is in good agreement with hygrothermal model results for open-cell foam. The results of this investigation confirm that the implementation of hygrothermal modeling is an effective and accurate analysis tool in the long-term durability assessment of building envelopes for heritage buildings.

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Loibl, Wolfgang, Milena Vuckovic, Ghazal Etminan, Matthias Ratheiser, Simon Tschannett, and Doris Österreicher. "Effects of Densification on Urban Microclimate—A Case Study for the City of Vienna." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040511.

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Climate adaptation, mitigation, and protecting strategies are becoming even more important as climate change is intensifying. The impacts of climate change are especially tangible in dense urban areas due to the inherent characteristics of urban structure and materiality. To assess impacts of densification on urban climate and potential adaptation strategies a densely populated Viennese district was modeled as a typical sample area for the city of Vienna. The case study analyzed the large-scale densification potential and its potential effects on microclimate, air flow, comfort, and energy demand by developing 3D models of the area showing the base case and densification scenarios. Three methods were deployed to assess the impact of urban densification: Micro-climate analysis (1) explored urban heat island phenomena, wind pattern analysis (2) investigated ventilation and wind comfort at street level, and energy and indoor climate comfort analysis (3) compared construction types and greening scenarios and analyzed their impact on the energy demand and indoor temperatures. Densification has negative impacts on urban microclimates because of reducing wind speeds and thus weakening ventilation of street canyons, as well as accelerating heat island effects and associated impact on the buildings. However, densification also has daytime cooling effects because of larger shaded areas. On buildings, densification may have negative effects especially in the new upper, sun-exposed floors. Construction material has less impact than glazing area and rooftop greening. Regarding adaptation to climate change, the impacts of street greening, green facades, and green roofs were simulated: The 24-h average mean radiant temperature (MRT) at street level can be reduced by up to 15 K during daytime. At night there is only a slight reduction by a few tenths of 1 K MRT. Green facades have a similar effect on MRT reduction, while green roofs show only a slight reduction by a few tenths of 1 K MRT on street level. The results show that if appropriate measures were applied, negative effects of densification could be reduced, and positive effects could be achieved.

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Huang, Bin, Ke Xing, Stephen Pullen, and Lida Liao. "Exploring Carbon Neutral Potential in Urban Densification: A Precinct Perspective and Scenario Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 4814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124814.

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Decarbonising the urban built environment for reaching carbon neutrality is high on the agenda for many cities undergoing rapid expansion and densification. As an important urban form, precincts have been increasingly focused on as the context for urban redevelopment planning and at the forefront for trialling carbon reduction measures. However, due to interplays between the built forms and the occupancy, the carbon performance of a precinct is significantly affected by morphological variations, demographical changes, and renewable energy system deployment. Despite much research on the development of low-carbon precincts, there is limited analysis on aggregated effects of population growth, building energy efficiency, renewable energy penetration, and carbon reduction targets in relation to precinct carbon signature and carbon neutral potential for precinct redevelopment and decarbonisation planning. In this paper, an integrated carbon assessment model, including overall precinct carbon emissions and carbon offset contributed by precinct-scale renewable energy harvesting, is developed and applied to examine the lifecycle carbon signature of urban precincts. Using a case study on a residential precinct redevelopment, scenario analysis is employed to explore opportunities for decarbonising densification development and the carbon neutral potential. Results from scenario analysis indicate that redevelopment of buildings with higher-rated energy efficiency and increase of renewable energy penetration can have a long term positive impact on the carbon performance of urban precincts. Meanwhile, demographical factors in precinct evolution also have a strong influence on a precinct’s carbon neutral potential. Whilst population size exerts upward pressure on total carbon emissions, changes in family types and associated consumption behaviour, such as travelling, can make positive contributions to carbon reduction. The analysis also highlights the significance of embodied carbon to the total carbon signature and the carbon reduction potential of a precinct during densification, reinforcing the notion that “develop with less” is as important as carbon offsetting measures for decarbonising the precinct toward carbon neutrality.

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Duan, Shuangping, Zhiwen Luo, Xinyan Yang, and Yuguo Li. "The impact of building operations on urban heat/cool islands under urban densification: A comparison between naturally-ventilated and air-conditioned buildings." Applied Energy 235 (February 2019): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.108.

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Nurzyński, Jacek. "Acoustical assessment of urban residential environment." Budownictwo i Architektura 13, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1690.

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The quality of urban residential environment depends on several factors, acoustical conditions are among the most important. Outdoor noise affects conditions inside the building, determines required sound insulation of external walls and the whole building envelope. It defines the comfort level on balconies and terraces, and also the quality of the closest building surroundings. Recent tendencies in spatial planning, related to the sustainable development idea, as rational land use, densification of existing built-up areas, revitalization of city centers etc, have possible far-reaching acoustical consequences. Besides, the environmental management and spatial planning present quite different attitude towards assessment of residential areas in terms of acoustics. The paper examines the problem of noise just from the perspective of spatial planning and building industry. The acoustic classification scheme is proposed for residential areas. It gives clear rules for acoustical planning and appropriate urban development policy. It is also an applicable tool for investors, developes, local authorities, and above all a final user to assess real quality and adequate value of the premises.

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Rissetto, R., U. Pont, and A. Mahdavi. "Performance comparison of timber-based assemblies and other construction solutions for rooftop extensions." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 9, no. 2 (December 2018): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2018.9.2.11.

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Population growth in a number of central European cities necessitates the creation of additional living spaces within the existing urban settings. Toward this end, densification via rooftop extension of existing buildings can provide a partial solution. As the requirements regarding energy performance, summer-time thermal comfort, and structural integrity of attic expansions have been increasingly tightened, planners must carefully assess the advantages and disadvantages of different construction possibilities. Focusing specifically on timber construction as a kind of reference, the present contribution includes a comparison of six different (both conventional and novel) construction solutions for roof top extensions in view of different performance criteria, such as ecological footprint, impact on energy indicators, summer overheating mitigation, cost, and construction time. To conduct the comparison in a transparent manner, the selected construction methods were virtually applied to a case-study building and assessed via multiple tools, including a numeric thermal simulation application.

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Fontanella, Elena. "Costruire sul costruito a Tor Bella Monaca: strategie di rigenerazione dello spazio edificato." TERRITORIO, no. 63 (December 2012): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-063020.

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To rethink the Tor Bella Monaca neighbourhood with its current configuration as the starting point, without recourse to the demolition planned by the Rome City Council, is the horizon set for the planning research project carried out, part of which focuses on the formulation of regeneration strategies for built space. These strategies, which were identified through stratification, densification and rarefaction operations, reflect on the idea of modifying the existing situation and transforming it, with the aim of understanding how architectural and urban design can meet the challenge of ‘building on the built' today.

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Sulaiman, Halimi, Eugenia Sipowicz, Celina Filippín, and Lautaro Oga. "Energy Performance of Dwellings in a Temperate Climate Area of Argentina. An Architectural Proposal." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 14, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836802014010001.

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Aim: The research aimed at carrying out a global comparative synthesis of the results of monitoring thermal energy behavior of single-family dwellings and apartments located in the city of Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina; and describing an architectural proposal that considers use of resources (land, morphology, materials and energy), lifestyle of inhabitants (qualitative variables) and critical analysis of the historical problems of the housing deficit in Argentina. Methods: The work includes a typological analysis of clusters of dimensional, morphological and thermo-physical indicators, energy performance and inhabitant’s behavior. Regarding energy heating consumption, multifamily buildings consume 52% less energy than the average single-family dwellings. Results: An architectural proposal taken into account the use of resources and energy efficiency strategies to give an answer to the housing deficit of the area under study showed that the densification of housing provides significant energy and economic benefits, especially if one incorporates passive solar design principles. Apartment blocks (B) and single-family dwellings (H) show 114.3 and 47.6 dwelling/hectare, and as a result, 39.4 and 16.4 inhabitant/hectare. Conclusion: Heating energy saving of B in relation to H is around 32% and the envelope’s cost is reduced to 47%. Argentina’s energy scenario, the possibility of reviewing regulations and building codes, the region’s growth trend in housing construction, the process of building labelling, among others, require a thorough analysis of the information on characteristics of building stock and its energy performance.

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BABA, Akio, and Akiko MORI. "EFFECTS OF AGGREGATE SIZE ON FLEXURAL STRENGTH AND DENSIFICATION OF CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS PRODUCED BY EXTRUSION MOULDING." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 62, no. 494 (1997): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.62.1_4.

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Deng, Junwang, Chao Chen, Wei Zhang, Yunping Li, Ruidi Li, and Kechao Zhou. "Densification, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured 2124 Al–Cu Alloy by Selective Laser Melting." Materials 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 4423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194423.

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Owing to its high specific strength and low density, Al–Cu alloys have been extensively used in aerospace for lightweight components. Additive manufacturing techniques such as selective laser melting, which offers geometric freedom, is suitable for topology-optimized designs. In this study, the effect of processing parameters on the densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Al–Cu alloy 2124 by selective laser melting was investigated. Parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, and use of a support were studied. The results revealed that a grille support with a hollow structure played a resistant role in the transfer of heat to the base plate, thus reducing the temperature gradient and lessening cracks in the building part. Smaller hatch spacing was beneficial for the achievement of a higher relative density and strength due to track re-melting and liquid phase backflow, which could fill cracks and pores during the building process. An ultimate tensile strength as high as 300 MPa of the vertically built sample was obtained at optimized processing parameters, while the elongation was relatively limited. Moreover, columnar grains were found to be responsible for the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the as-printed 2124 alloy.

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Rinne, Samuli, and Sanna Syri. "A concept to combine the different housing alternative advantages." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 5 (August 8, 2016): 551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2015-0079.

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Purpose – A dense urban structure cuts down traffic emissions. It also promotes waste heat use and storage possibilities as a form of district heating. However, quality elements associated with detached houses, such as tranquillity and self-expression possibilities, may be lost. Better building quality and alternatives to private car use can enable these elements in smaller spaces, which is assessed here. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A technology set for an imaginary high-quality (HQ) apartment house is discussed by assessing increased embedded energy of the building structure, due to the HQ measures. HQ solutions include visual barriers, increased sound insulation, roof terraces, large windows, apartment adaptability, bike sheds, electrical cargo bikes and advanced energy solutions. Findings – The increased construction and heating energy use in HQ buildings can be offset if car use is reduced by 10-15 per cent. There is a greater possibility of achieving this reduction if HQ housing can make urban densification more readily acceptable by demonstrating, that good quality housing can exist both in smaller building lots as well as in smaller apartments. Originality/value – The quality issue brings a novel perspective to estimating the environmental impacts of built environment solutions. The approach here is quite simple, but the issue can be discussed more. That is, how much total resource input can be decreased, if the target is not to produce square metres but rather the necessary elements to have a good quality of life.

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Dind, Aleksis, Sophie Lufkin, and Emmanuel Rey. "A Modular Timber Construction System for the Sustainable Vertical Extension of Office Buildings." Designs 2, no. 3 (August 8, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs2030030.

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Most European cities are facing urban densification issues. In this context, a solution to create usable spaces without additional pressure on land consists in the vertical extension of existing buildings. Given their abundance in the building stock, tertiary buildings offer an important potential. The paper introduces the Working Space project, which aims to develop an innovative, modular and prefabricated timber construction system adapted to the vertical extension of existing office buildings. The dimensions of the system can be adjusted to a great variety of structural grids and allows for any new typological organisation. Based on the principles of bioclimatic architecture, the extension’s envelope provides high-performance insulation, a smart management of passive solar gains, natural ventilation and free cooling, but also offers large surfaces dedicated to photovoltaic energy production and urban biodiversity. The system is made up of eco-friendly, local materials with very low environmental impact. The project’s outcomes are presented at a variety of scales, from urban design to construction details, as well as the outputs of an extensive life cycle assessment including the induced mobility impacts. Finally, the paper introduces a first application of this innovative architectural concept, which is currently being completed in Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Li, Jiange, Peilong Li, Jinfei Su, Yu Xue, and Wenyu Rao. "Effect of aggregate contact characteristics on densification properties of asphalt mixture." Construction and Building Materials 204 (April 2019): 691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.023.

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Eriksson, Sara, Lovisa Waldenström, Max Tillberg, Magnus Österbring, and Angela Sasic Kalagasidis. "Numerical Simulations and Empirical Data for the Evaluation of Daylight Factors in Existing Buildings in Sweden." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112200.

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Point Daylight Factor (DFP) has been used for daylighting design in Sweden for more than 40 years. Progressive densification of urban environments, in combination with stricter regulations on energy performance and indoor environmental quality of buildings, creates complex daylight design challenges that cannot be adequately solved with DFP. To support a development of the current and future daylight indicators in the Swedish context, the authors have developed a comprehensive methodology for the evaluation of daylight levels in existing buildings. The methodology comprises sample buildings of various use and their digital replicas in 3D, detailed numerical simulations and correlations of diverse DF metrics in existing buildings, a field investigation on residents’ satisfaction with available daylight levels in their homes, and a comparison between the numerical and experimental data. The study was deliberately limited to the evaluation of DF metrics for their intuitive understanding and easy evaluation in real design projects. The sample buildings represent typical architectural styles and building technologies between 1887 and 2013 in Gothenburg and include eight residential buildings, two office buildings, two schools, two student apartment buildings, and two hospitals. Although the simulated DFP is 1.4% on average, i.e., above the required 1%, large variations have been found between the studied 1200 rooms. The empirical data generally support the findings from the numerical simulations, but also bring unique insights in the residences’ preferences for rooms with good daylight. The most remarkable result is related to kitchens, typically the spaces with the lowest DF values, based on simulations, while the residents wish them to be the spaces with the most daylight. Finally, the work introduces a new DF metric, denoted DFW, which allows daylighting design in early stages when only limited data on the building shape and windows’ arrangement are available.

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Karamanov, Alexander. "Vitrification and Sinter-Crystallization of Iron-Rich Industrial Wastes." Advances in Science and Technology 92 (October 2014): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.92.174.

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Results about the vitrification of several hazardous iron-rich industrial wastes (from productions of Zn and Cu metals, as well as EAFD and MSWA) and the usage of obtained glasses for synthesise of sintered glass-ceramics are summarises. It is shown that the appropriated method of sinter-crystallization mainly depends on the crystallization trend of used glasses. When the parent composition is characterised by formation of a moderate amount of crystal phase low temperature sintering with short crystallization step in the interval 800-900 °C can be used. In addition, attractive granite-like building glass-ceramic can be obtained by mixing fine and coarse glass frits and “free” sintering in refractory moulds at 1000-1050 °C. Contrary, when intensive phase formation carries out the crystallization inhibits the sintering resulting in specimens with scarce degree of densification. However, in some cases a secondary densification process occurs at temperatures near to the eutectic ones, leading to well sintered samples with higher crystallinity and improved mechanical properties. It is also highlighted that the preventing of Fe2+oxidation by using inert atmosphere during the heat-treatments leads to a decreasing of sintering temperature, finer crystalline structure and additional enhancement of the mechanical properties.

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Sarkar, Madhura, Ajay Kumar, Jaya Shankar Tumuluru, Krushna N. Patil, and Danielle D. Bellmer. "Gasification performance of switchgrass pretreated with torrefaction and densification." Applied Energy 127 (August 2014): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.027.

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Coelho, P. A. L. F., S. K. Haigh, S. P. Gopal Madabhushi, and T. S. O'brien. "Post-earthquake behaviour of footings employing densification to mitigate liquefaction." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 11, no. 1 (January 2007): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.2007.11.1.45.

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Foster, Robert M., and Thomas P. S. Reynolds. "Lightweighting with Timber: An Opportunity for More Sustainable Urban Densification." Journal of Architectural Engineering 24, no. 1 (March 2018): 02518001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000301.

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Bo, Myint Win, Arul Arulrajah, Suksun Horpibulsuk, Melvyn Leong, and Mahdi Miri Disfani. "Densification of Land Reclamation Sands by Deep Vibratory Compaction Techniques." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 26, no. 8 (August 2014): 06014016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001010.

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Krishna, A. Murali, M. R. Madhav, and G. Madhavi Latha. "Densification effect of granular piles on settlement response of treated ground." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 11, no. 3 (July 2007): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.2007.11.3.127.

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Gantner, Urs. "Verdichten mit «Greening», oder was wir von Singapur lernen können (Essay)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 166, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2015.0219.

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Densification by greening, or what we can learn from Singapore (essay) Singapore, a city-state with a high population density, wants to give its population, its tourists and its economy a living and livable city and has developed the concept of the Garden City. Parks, nature reserves, forest, green corridors, trees, botanical gardens, horizontal and vertical greening of buildings, as well as popular participation, are all important for this vision of the city. Singapore is counting on dense construction alongside “greening” and biodiversity. Let us be prepared to learn from Singapore's example! Our land is also a non-renewable resource. To protect our ever more limited agricultural land, we should renounce any extension of building land, and free ourselves from the expanding carpets of suburban development. Let us build multiple urban neighbourhoods with mixed use and more biodiversity. Let us develop new types of communal gardens. Urban gardens in the widest sense – from private gardens to garden cooperatives, to parks and botanical gardens – are a part of our living space. The city should be our garden.

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Masoero, Enrico, Gianluca Cusatis, and Giovanni Di Luzio. "C–S–H gel densification: The impact of the nanoscale on self-desiccation and sorption isotherms." Cement and Concrete Research 109 (July 2018): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.04.014.

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Lobaccaro, Gabriele, and Francesco Frontini. "Solar Energy in Urban Environment: How Urban Densification Affects Existing Buildings." Energy Procedia 48 (2014): 1559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.176.

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Guangyin, Du, Gao Changhui, Liu Songyu, Pan Huangsong, Guo Qian, and Luo Tao. "Resonance vibration approach in soil densification: laboratory experiences and numerical simulation." Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 20, no. 2 (April 2021): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11803-021-2022-y.

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Dunster, A. M., I. R. Holton, and N. J. Crammond. "Recent site and laboratory studies of surface densification in high-alumina cement concrete." Magazine of Concrete Research 58, no. 3 (April 2006): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.2006.58.3.173.

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Trepci, Esra, Praveen Maghelal, and Elie Azar. "Effect of densification and compactness on urban building energy consumption: Case of a Transit-Oriented Development in Dallas, TX." Sustainable Cities and Society 56 (May 2020): 101987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101987.

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Lima, Izabella, Veridiana Scalco, and Roberto Lamberts. "Estimating the impact of urban densification on high-rise office building cooling loads in a hot and humid climate." Energy and Buildings 182 (January 2019): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.10.019.

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Cai, Wentong, Qinghua Song, Hansong Ji, and Munish Kumar Gupta. "Multi-Perspective Analysis of Building Orientation Effects on Microstructure, Mechanical and Surface Properties of SLM Ti6Al4V with Specific Geometry." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 4392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164392.

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Building orientation is important in selective laser melting (SLM) processes. Current studies only focus on the horizontal and vertical building orientations without considering different modes of horizontal orientations. In fact, for horizontal orientation, different surfaces of the sample that contact the substrate will affect the heat transfer mode and efficiency, and in turn affect the microstructure and material properties. In this paper, the effect of two modes of horizontal building orientations on microstructure, mechanical and surface properties of SLM Ti6Al4V was studied. Current research about building orientation is deficient because the geometry of samples or test surfaces are not strictly defined, which seriously influences the results due to their different heat transfer efficiency and mode. Therefore, the geometry of the samples and test surfaces were clearly defined, and its necessity was proved in this study. To achieve the research goal, three test samples were prepared: sample SLM-PB-S with the building orientation parallel to the substrate and the shorter side L1 contacts it, sample SLM-PB-L with the building orientation parallel to the substrate and the longer side L2 contacts it and sample SLM-VB with the building orientation vertical to the substrate. Subsequently, the microstructure, grain information, densification, residual stress, micro-hardness, tensile properties and surface topography of different samples were analyzed and compared. In the results, SLM-PB-S exhibited denser microstructure and better mechanical properties than SLM-PB-L, including smaller grain size, stronger texture, higher density, micro-hardness, tensile strength, plasticity and better surface quality. It originates from a higher cooling rate and shorter scanning time between layers during SLM-PB-S fabrication, leading to finer grains, lower porosity and better interlayer metallurgical bonding, thus resulting in better material properties. This study can provide a reference to select the proper building orientation in SLM.

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Andreola, Fernanda, Isabella Lancellotti, Paolo Pozzi, and Luisa Barbieri. "Eco-Compatible Construction Materials Containing Ceramic Sludge and Packaging Glass Cullet." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 3545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083545.

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This research reports results of eco-compatible building material obtained without natural raw materials. A mixture of sludge from a ceramic wastewater treatment plant and glass cullet from the urban collection was used to obtain high sintered products suitable to be used as covering floor/wall tiles in buildings. The fired samples were tested by water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent density, and mechanical and chemical properties. Satisfactory results were achieved from densification properties and SEM/XRD analyses showed a compact polycrystalline microstructure with albite and wollastonite embedded in the glassy phase, similar to other commercial glass-ceramics. Besides, the products were obtained with a reduction of 200 °C with respect to the firing temperatures of commercial ones. Additionally, the realized materials were undergone to leaching test following Italian regulation to evaluate the mobility of hazardous ions present into the sludge. The data obtained verified that after thermal treatment the heavy metals were immobilized into the ceramic matrix without further environmental impact for the product use. The results of the research confirm that this valorization of matter using only residues produces glass ceramics high sintered suitable to be used as tile with technological properties similar or higher than commercial ones.

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