Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Densités des niveaux d'énergie'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 44 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Densités des niveaux d'énergie.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Busschaert, Clotilde. "Etude théorique, numérique et expérimentale de la dynamique des chocs d'accrétion dans les variables cataclysmiques magnétiques." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2013. https://hal.science/tel-02095144.
Full textMagnetic cataclysmic variables are interacting binary systems containing a highly magnetized white dwarf which accretes material from companion. Material is led along magnetic field lines and falls onto magnetic pole(s) of the white dwarf at supersonic speed forming an accretion column. As the material hits the surface, a reverse shock is formed and the shocked region is structured by the cooling effect of radiation processes. This work is a multidisciplinary study of the dynamics of the accretion column. Firstly, a numerical study of the accretion column structure at the astrophysical scale is presented. The observational consequences are discussed. This approach is completed by experiments using radiative flows generated by powerful lasers. The relevance of such experiments is based on the establisment of scaling laws. News scaling laws in the frame of radiative ideal or resistive MHD are exposed. The results of the sizing and the interpretation of the POLAR experimental campaign of 2012 on LULI200 installation are presented
Baiocco, Giorgio. "Vers une reconstruction des propriétés thermiques des noyaux légers par le biais de réactions de fusion-évaporation." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2003.
Full textThis thesis work has been developed in the framework of a new experimental campaign, proposed by the NUCL-EX Collaboration (INFN III Group), in order to progress in the understanding of the statistical properties of light nuclei, at excitation energies above particle emission threshold, by measuring exclusive data from fusion-evaporation reactions. The determination of the nuclear level density in the A~20 region, the understanding of the statistical behavior of light nuclei with excitation energies ~3 A. MeV, and the measurement of observables linked to the presence of cluster structures of nuclear excited levels are the main physics goals of this work. On the theory side, the contribution to this project given by this work lies in the development of a dedicated Monte-Carlo Hauser-Feshbach code for the evaporation of the compound nucleus. The experimental part of this thesis has consisted in the participation to the measurement 12C+12C at 95 MeV beam energy, at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro - INFN, using the GARFIELD+Ring Counter(RCo) set-up, from the beam-time request to the data taking, data reduction, detector calibrations and data analysis. Different results of the data analysis are presented in this thesis, together with a theoretical study of the system, performed with the new statistical decay code. As a result of this work, constraints on the nuclear level density at high excitation energy for light systems ranging from C up to Mg are given. Moreover,pre-equilibrium effects, tentatively interpreted as alpha-clustering effects, are put in evidence, both in the entrance channel of the reaction and in the dissipative dynamics on the path towards thermalisation
Vervisch, Wielfried. "Formation d'un complexe platine-oxygène dans les redresseurs rapides à base de silicium : conséquences sur leur fonctionnement." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30070.
Full textPlatinum diffusion in silicon is used to enhance fast bipolar P+NN+ diodes switching, introducing deep levels in the silicon band gap. The higher the platinum concentration, the faster the switching. Contrary to the usual doping, the configuration of the known platinum energy levels does not alter the N-type doping level of the substrate diode. However, at high concentration, we can observe a compensation of the N-type doping, even a conversion from N-type to P-type, according to the cooling rate performed at the end of the diffusion step. At the same time, we observe dispersion in the electric parameters of the diodes. The theoretical and experimental studies on the center identification at the origin of the P-type doping effect allowed confirming the formation of the complex platinum-oxygen (Pt-O). A theoretical model of platinum diffusion and Pt-O complex formation was developed and integrated in a numerical simulator. This tool allows forecasting the technological conditions leading to the appearance of P-type doping after a platinum diffusion. It allows explaining any risks of electric dispersions, by calculating the technological parameters impact on the variations of each species concentration taking part in the platinum diffusion, such as the Pt-O complex. This study confirms the dispersion risks caused by the complex Pt-O formation
Duval, Emmanuel. "Caractérisation de structures MIS par spectroscopie d'admittance : évaluation du comportement dynamique des défauts à l'interface isolant-semiconducteur." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES041.
Full textDefects at insulator-semiconductor interface are studied on <100> oriented MIS structures with three complementary electrical characterisation techniques : the conductance spectroscopy G([omega]), the capacitance method C(V), and ultraviolet assisted capacitance analysis. The advantage of high temperatures sweeping has been demonstrated. The comparison between G([omega],T) and C(V,T) methods designates the first one as the most powerful. G([omega],T) spectroscopy enables the separation of slow and fast states contributions. Moreover, this techniques leads to donor and acceptor states detection associated to trivalent defects. This detection is confirmed by UV assisted capacitance measurements. Our results are in good agreement with those published about different characterisation methods. This work shows conductance spectroscopy as a very powerful tool to quantify slow and fast states contributions and to identify trivalent defects at insulator-semiconductor interface
Suomijärvi, Tiina. "Des réactions directes vers les réactions extrèmement dissipatives : étude du système ⁸ ⁹ y (¹⁹F, x)y à 140 MeV d'énergie incidente." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112158.
Full textEnergy spectra and angular distributions between 10° and 160° laboratory angles have been measured for projectile like fragments originating from the 19F + 89Y reaction measured at 140 MeV 19F incident energy. Quasi-elastic few nucleon transfer reactions, centered around grazing angle, are interpreted in terms of a direct diffractional transfer model. In backward angle hemisphere completely energy relaxed reaction products are observed. The angular distributions of these fragments are nearly isotropie giving a lifetime of about 10-21 s for the composite di nuclear system. The excitation functions measured for these extremely dissipative reactions show strong fluctuations whose coherence width is around 200 keV, center of mass. The fluctuations are correlated in atomic number and in detection angle and could be explained by the existence in the entrance channel of overlapping quasi-molecular resonances or doorway states
Devaux, Cédric. "Modélisation du comportement vibratoire des structures par des méthodes énergétiques : formulation moyennée spatialement pour des systèmes unidimensionnels." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132382.
Full textDans un premier temps, le concept de superposition quadratique est présenté : si les variables linéaires telles que le déplacement associé à l'onde sont la somme de n composantes différentes, toute variable quadratique telle que l'intensité ou les densités d'énergie peut être présentée sous la forme de n² termes différents.
Ceci est illustré notamment dans le cas bidimensionnel de la superposition de deux ondes planes.
Dans un second temps, le cas unidimensionnel de deux ondes planes contre-propagatives est étudié car il fournit les variations des champs énergétiques à deux échelles bien distinctes.
A petite échelle, les variations des champs énergétiques représentent la
structure locale des interférences définies par un nombre d'onde purement réel.
A grande échelle, les variations des champs énergétiques représentent les transferts énergétiques globaux dus à la dissipation et définies par un nombre d'onde purement imaginaire.
La partie suivante est quant à elle consacrée aux vibrations de plaques.
Différents types d'ondes sont considérés: ondes quasi-longitudinales, ondes de cisaillement et ondes de flexion.
Dans les cas unidimensionnels (plaques semi-infinies), l'analyse pour les ondes quasi-longitudinales et les ondes de cisaillement s'avère similaire à celle présentée précédemment. En revanche le cas des ondes de flexion s'avère plus compliqué en raison de la présence de composantes évanescentes dans le champ de déplacement, lesquelles multiplient d'autant le nombre de composantes des variables énergétiques.
Une formulation quadratique équivalente à celle en déplacement a néanmoins pu être obtenue pour les ondes de flexion unidimensionnelles.
Enfin la dernière partie montre tout d'abord comment une formulation quadratique moyenne peut être développée dans le cas d'ondes planes unidimensionnelles, l'opération de moyennage permettant de s'affranchir des composantes à petite échelle spatiale des variables quadratiques pseudo-périodiques.
Une équation différentielle est obtenue pour l'intensité complexe, les densités d'énergie pouvant être tirées de cette variable.
Les conditions limites énergétiques tenant compte des composantes active et réactive de l'intensité sont ensuite calculées, pour des jonctions passives ou actives. Les cas de jonctions passives font intervenir des conditions mixtes analogues aux conditions d'impédance d'une formulation en déplacement.
Le cas des jonctions actives fait quant à lui intervenir non seulement des impédances mais également la densité de puissance injectée dans la discontinuité d'intensité moyennée. Cette formulation quadratique moyenne peut alors être appliquée au domaine des moyennes fréquences.
Moreno, Soto Javier. "Study of the photon strength functions and level densities in the gamma decay following neutron capture on the isotopes ²³⁴U, ²³⁶U and ²³⁸U." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP033.
Full textThe knowledge of photon strength functions (PSF) and level densities (LD) are essential to model nuclear reactions and to obtain information on the gamma flux and intensities relevant for nuclear applications. A number of theoretical models can be employed for this purpose. In the framework of the statistical model, the gamma cascade after a neutron capture reaction depends on the LD and PSF. The capture reactions on U-234, U-236 and U-238 targets measured with the total absorption calorimeter (TAC) at n_TOF (CERN) provide experimental information on gamma multiplicity and on gamma spectra which can be compared to numerical simulations for different PSF and LD models. The dedicated codes DICEBOX and FIFRELIN were used to simulate the gamma cascades while GEANT4 was used for the simulation of the interaction of these gammas with the TAC materials. In this work we have found consistent models and parameters reproducing simultaneously the spectra measured with the TAC, the total radiation width and the s-wave level spacing as deduced from the resolved resonances, for the three uranium isotopes within the same analysis approach
Hosseinizadeh, Ahmad. "Excited States in U(1)2+1 Lattice Gauge Theory and Level Spacing Statistics in Classical Chaos." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26815/26815.pdf.
Full textLefort, Michel. "Quantification magnétique de la densité d'états d'un gaz d'électrons bidimensionnel dans des hétérojonctions GaAlAs/GaAs : étude capacitive sous pression hydrostatique." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20136.
Full textHilaire, Stéphane. "Calculs microscopiques des densités de niveaux nucléaires avec la force de Gogny." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0056.
Full textPaquier, Julien. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité relativiste à séparation de portée." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS059.
Full textThis PhD thesis constitutes a contribution to the relativistic extension of the range-separated density functional theory scheme, by combining a relativistic four-component wave function calculation for the long-range contribution with a complementary relativistic short-range exchange-correlation density functional based on the no-pair Dirac-Coulomb or Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian. We have studied properties of the relativistic homogeneous electron gas in the no-pair approximation to develop relativistic short-range exchange-correlation density functionals at the local density approximation (LDA) level. We have implemented a four-component range-separated density functional code as a plugin in the software QUANTUM PACKAGE 2.0 to test these functionals. We have extended the relativistic short-range exchange density functional to the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) level. Finally, we have pointed out the important role of the on-top exchange pair density in the correct evaluation of the exchange energy at very short-range
Schlesser, Sophie. "Spectroscopie X d'ions très chargés et niveaux d'énergie de l'hydrogène pionique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507827.
Full textRoy, Pierre-Nicholas. "Méthodes quantiques pour le calcul de niveaux d'énergie, de probabilités de réactions et de spectres photo-électroniques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26729.pdf.
Full textAchkar, Yamina. "Modélisation des interactions à grande distance internucléaire entre deux atomes dans divers états électroniques : applications à des atomes d'alcalins et de gaz rare." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10044.
Full textRabinovitch, Yoël. "Céramiques transparentes de YAG dopé de terres rares : synthèse, caractérisation, mesures en cavité laser et études spectroscopiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0882.
Full textPerrin, Marie-Yvonne. "Transferts collisionnels entre niveaux rovibrationnels de CH₄et CD₄ : détermination expérimentale par une méthode photoacoustique : élaboration d'un modèle théorique semi-classique." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112019.
Full textThe present thesis is related to the vibrational relaxation in the gas phase of CH₄, CD₄ and their mixtures with a monoatomic gas (He, Ne, Ar). The experimental study uses a non-resonant photoacoustic technique in the 140-376 K temperature range. The CH₄ (or CD₄) molecules are excited up to the vibrational level ν₄ or ν₃ by a modulated infrared beam. A rigorous kinetic model is established. The rate constants for the different collisional transfers are deduced from the measurement of the phase shift between the radiative excitation and the microphone signal. The experimental results suggest an important participation of rotation to the vibrational transfer. To interpret these results a theoretical calculation is carried out in the framework of the semi-classical coupled-states approximation using asymptotic expressions of (3j) symbols and a first order perturbation treatment. This model takes intermolecular potential angular dependence and simultaneous rotational transitions into account. The cross sections Gν₂,ji → 0,jg et Gν₄,ji →0,jg are calculated for CH₄-monoatomic and CD₄-monoatomic. We observe a strong influence of rotational energy transfers on the vibrational transfer. The agreement between experimental and theoretical V→TR rate constants is excellent when the collision partner is Ar ; it is less satisfactory for other partners for· which the intermolecular potentials remain less reliable
Milicic, Anita. "Étude des temps de vie des niveaux fluorescents de l'uranium tétravalent dans la phase incommensurable du tétrabromure et du tétrachlorure de thorium." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112028.
Full textThe lifetimes of radiative levels of tetravalent uranium in the incommensurate phase of thorium tetrahalides have been measured as a function of different parameters: site symmetry, temperature and concentration. The incommensurate phase of thorium tetrabromide and tetrachloride is characterized by a continuous distribution of site symmetries induced by a continuous and weak displacement of the halides around the thorium (uranium) ions. At low temperature, 4. 2 K, the lifetime variation as a function of excited classes of symmetry is governed by the radiative process probability as well as the energy transfer between uranium ions in different sites. At higher temperature, a model based on a Boltzmann equilibrium between closed energy levels is able to reproduce the experimental lifetime variation as a function of the temperature, for a given class of symmetry. For the variation of lifetime as a function of uranium ions concentrations, at high dilution and in the case of U4+ : ThBr4, there is a competition between the energy transfer and thermal population of excited states
Taher, Fadia. "Spectrométrie par transformation de Fourier des molécules ScCl et Bi2." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10137.
Full textRivière, Jérôme. "Conception et réalisation de rectenna en technologie guide d'onde coplanaire pour de faibles niveaux de puissance." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0023/document.
Full textThe thesis subject dealt in this report lies in the LE²P framework on the energy sustainability of wireless sensor network. This work is dedicated to the reception and rectifying part of wireless power transfer to give energy sustainability to nodes in a sensor network. This process is not new and originate from the years 1950. The behavior of this process is since well-known in several waveguide such technology as microstrip. But the need of drill in those waveguide circuit may be inconvenient and lead to discrepancy from one circuit to another. This was the motivational keystone to the work address in this report which uses coplanar waveguide (CPW) over microstrip. The conception of such devices goes through a good conceptual and experimental understanding of the waveguide technology. The approach in this document consists of using coplanar waveguide while minimizing its drawbacks, in order to avoid drilling in the substrate and ease the realization of the rectifying part by limiting the human interaction
Zondy, Jean-Jacques. "Fluorescence IR de ¹³ C ¹ ⁸O en matrice induite par un laser à centres colorés : émission stimulée vibrationnelle et pompage anharmonique V-V des très hauts niveaux (v ≤ 41)." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112308.
Full textSeghir, Habib. "Calculs formels assistés par ordinateur pour les transformations de contact: dérivation systématique des Hamiltoniens effectifs rovibrationnels à partir des surfaces d'énergie potentielle." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000011.pdf.
Full textThis work is aimed at developing a series of computer codes that allow to derive systematically from a molecular potential function a set of spectroscopic constants and molecular parameters necessary for analyses of rovibrational high-resolution spectra of nonlinear triatomic molecules. Among theoretical methods for modeling spectroscopic data, two main approaches are most widely used: one that is referred to as "global" (variational) and the other called "local"(effective). The first one makes it possible, in principle, to achieve predictions for the entire set of bound rovibrational states, and what is particularly interesting, for high energy levels and for line intensities as well. However, calculations are difficult to perform and increasingly demanding in terms of time and memory requirements. An experimental precision is rarely achieved in this way. On the contrary, the effective Hamiltonian approach limited by a certain frequency range or by certain polyads of states allows to obtain in many cases an experimental accuracy with fast calculations by fitting some empirical parameters. The method of contact transformations (TC), which is studied and systematically applied in this work, was originally designed to provide a link between these two complementary approaches. It allows to derive effective models from the full initial Hamiltonian and to give a rigorous interpretation of empirical parameters provided that sufficiently complete high-order calculations are feasible. This possibility has become realistic only recently since accurate potential surfaces became available in the literature. After a detailed study of the general formalism of CT, our computer codes have been tested and validated on the C2v and Cs isotopic species of molecules O3, H2S and H2O
Dizière, Alexandra. "Astrophysique de laboratoire avec les lasers de haute énergie et de haute puissance : des chocs radiatifs aux jets d'étoiles jeunes." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00681798.
Full textLachance-Quirion, Dany. "Étude par transport électrique de points quantiques colloïdaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29510/29510.pdf.
Full textMoultaka, Gilbert. "Structure des quarks lourds et des bosons W+< et Zo, tests dans les collisions à très hautes énergies." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20149.
Full textLahalle, Marie-Pierre. "Étude des propriétés spectroscopiques du neptunium IV dans les matrices monocristallines ThSiO₄ et ThO₂." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112206.
Full textThis thesis is concerned, in a first time, with the spectroscopy of the Np4+ ion diluted in the single crystal of ThSi04. Crystals of ThSi04 with a tetragonal structure, doped with neptunium 237 were grown by the flux method (the rate of Np included in these crystals being about 0. 16 %). The crystallographic structure of the obtained crystals has been confirmed at room temperature by X-rays diffraction. Raman diffusion experiments performed between 300 K and 4,2 K have shown that no phase transition occurs at low temperature. Then, the site symmetry of Np4+ in ThSi04 remains D2d at 4. 2 K (temperature of the recorded optical spectra). On the optical polarized absorption spectra of ThSi04:Np4+, most of the excitated Stark levels coming from the first J states 4r11/2' 4p3/2 and 4r1V2 have been assigned. Moreover, fluorescence experiments have permitted to identify two of the Stark components of the lower multiplet 4r9/2 On the whole, 29 energy levels have been used for the spectroscopie parameter calculations: pk, s and Bkq which defined the crystal field interaction. In order to enlarge the spectroscopy knowledge of Np4+, the optical analysis of Np4+ in Th02 have been performed in a second time. The cubic structure of the thorium dioxide provides an Oh symmetry for the Np4+ ions. Owing to the existence of an inversion center in such a symmetry, the pure dipolar electric transitions are theoretically forbidden and only the vibronic transitions are allowed. This results in a more difficult analysis than for ThSi04. The combined analysis of the spectra recorder at 4. 2 K and higher temperatures allows us to deduce the pure electronic transitions. A first interpretation has permitted to identify about fifteen excitated Stark levels of Np4+. The comparison of the spectroscopie parameters obtained in ThSi04:Np4+ and Th02:Np4+ allows us to deduce threlative covalent effect between Np4+ and these two crystalline environments
Bastin, Beyhan. "Étude de la structure des noyaux riches en neutrons autour de la fermeture de couches N=28 par spectroscopie gamma en ligne." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2072.
Full textFor a few years now, a loss of magicity in neutron-rich nuclei near the neutron drip-line at N=28 has been suggested and observed. Deformation in these nuclei has been observed. The deformation was explained in S isotopes as being due to a moderate reduction of the N=28 shell closure together with a proton induced collectivity originating from the near degeneracy of the proton d3/2 and s1/2 orbitals. As a consequence, the observed deformation seems to result from a subtle interplay between neutron and proton excitations. Since the proton configuration in the Si isotopes is expected to be more stable due to the Z=14 sub-shell gap, 42Si was considered as a key nucleus in order to distinguish the different effects responsible for the structural changes observed at N=28. Even if it is at the limits of our technical possibilities, an in-beam gamma-spectroscopy experiment using two-step fragmentation and one or several nucleons knockout reaction mechanisms was performed at GANIL. The measurement of the energy of the first excited state in 42Si, combined with the observation of 40,42Si and the spectroscopy of 41,43P, has given evidence for the loss of magicity at N=28 far from stability. Modifications of the effective interaction used in modern shell model calculations have been completed following this investigation, increasing its predictive character. This study confirms the role of the tensor force and the density dependence of the spin-orbit interaction in the collapse of the N=28 shell closure
Réal, Florent. "Simulation ab initio des propriétés optiques des matériaux photoluminescents et apports méthodologiques dans le cadre d'une approche de cluster environné." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Real.pdf.
Full textClaudot, Julien. "Développements et applications de méthodes pour la description de l’énergie de corrélation dans les molécules et les solides." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0073/document.
Full textCommonly used density functionals have encountered a spectacular success in the modelling of physical, chemical or biological systems. However, they have proven to be unsuitable to describe some situations, such as London’s dispersion forces or strong correlation behaviour. In this thesis, we have been interested in recent developments in the formulation of the correlation energy from the adiabatic connection fluctuation dissipation theorem, to overcome these problems. In particular, different implementations of methods beyond the random phase approximation, which allow to take into account the exchange contribution in the computation of the correlation energy, have been compared. Then, in order to drastically decrease the numerical complexity, an orthogonalization procedure of the vectors used to represent the dielectric matrix has been developed. Then these approaches were applied to the calculation of the binding energy of small molecular complexes. The formulation of the correlation energy of the Møller-Plesset perturbation theory within the dielectric matrix context is also presented and tested. In parallel, calculations using numerically efficient semi-empirical methods were conducted over three molecular sets in order to test their performances regarding the binding energies by comparing them to reference values available in the literature
Van, Box Som Lucile. "Des naines blanches magnétiques accrétantes aux plasmas laser : simulations, similitudes et expériences." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS555.
Full textMagnetic white dwarfs are part of some binary systems which accrete matter from their companion star as an accretion column. The accretion flow confined by the magnetic field lines falls at a supersonic velocity onto the magnetic poles of the white dwarf. At the impact, an accretion shock is generated and the post-shock region is structured as a result of the effects of complex radiative processes. In this work, we present observational data, astrophysical numerical data, theoretical studies and finally experimental data obtained on different laser facilities as well as their associated numerical simulations. First, theoretical and numerical studies at the astrophysical scale describe the structure and the dynamics of the accretion column. In particular, we have studied the origin of rapid oscillations observed in the optical light curves of some objects. Then, we have completed these studies with an experimental approach to build laboratory millimetre-scaled models of the radiation hydrodynamic processes occurred in the accretion column through powerful lasers. Experimental results obtained on the GEKKO XII laser facility and their interpretations are presented. Finally, we have optimized a new experimental design to achieve a similar regime on megajoule facilities in indirect drive. The data obtained from such experiments will provide new insights to improve astrophysical modelling
Mbow, Babacar. "Etude des réponses spectrales dans le proche infra-rouge des composés mixtes III-V, ternaires et quaternaires, à base de GaSb et de leurs dérivés." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20048.
Full textBastin, B. "Étude de la structure des noyaux riches en neutrons autour de la fermeture de couches N=28 par spectroscopie gamma en ligne." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00269886.
Full textChaubet, Christophe. "Emission Landau dans les hétérojonctions GaAlAs/GaAs et GaInP/GaAs." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20038.
Full textPrégaldiny, Fabien. "Etude et modélisation du comportement électrique des transistors MOS fortement submicroniques." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004312.
Full textGaptia, Maï Moussa Lawan. "Gestion optimale d'énergie électrique à partir des sources d'énergies renouvelables dédiées aux sites isolés Power control for decentralized energy production system based on the renewable energies — using battery to compensate the wind/load/PV power fluctuations Three level Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter Control Strategy using SVPWM for Multi-Source System Applications Wind turbine and Batteries with Variable Speed Diesel Generator for Micro-grid Applications." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH28.
Full textThe thesis works are part of the research work of the thematic team: Mastery of Renewable Energies and Storage Systems (MERS) of the GREAH-EA3220 laboratory. They include the dimensioning of the constituent elements of the system and the optimal management of electrical energy for a hybrid system (Variable speed Diesel, Wind, PV and Batteries) dedicated to isolated sites. Power sources supply loads through multi-level converters of power electronics. The generator set with a variable speed diesel engine is considered to be the main source of energy used to control the DC voltage at the coupling point. This type of generator is chosen to optimize fuel consumption. It is used to deliver an electrical power compatible with the engine speed which does not tolerate frequent and rapid variations. Renewable energy sources whose share of energy is sought to meet demand are managed so as to instantly extract the maximum power available from resources (sunshine, wind). These thus impose their dynamics and their intermittences at the coupling point. The battery pack is used to compensate for rapid fluctuations in energy from renewable energy sources compared to a slower evolution supported by the generator. Interactions within the resulting hybrid electrical system are managed by means of multi-level static converters (AC / DC, DC / DC and DC / AC). An electrical energy management approach based on the frequency distribution of disturbances induced at the coupling point by renewable sources. An experimental platform on a reduced scale (1/22) has been developed to experimentally validate theoretical approaches and simulations. The results of simulations obtained in the Matlab / Simulink / SimPowerSystems software environment and those from the experimental device produced and piloted by dSPACE-1104 prove the adequacy of the proposed control methods
Jbili, Nadia. "Conception et analyse des schémas d'optimisation pour la résonance magnétique nucléaire Optimal periodic control of spin systems : Application to the maximization of the signal to noise ratio per unit time." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED025.
Full textThis thesis deals with optimal control techniques for systems related to quantum mechanics and nuclear magnetic resonance. The work presented in this memory is divided into four parts.In the first part, we focus on to the simultaneous optimal control of the Schrödinger time-dependent equations via a laser field that represents a control term and that is assumed to be submitted to a family of perturbations. This lead us to consider a multi-criteria optimization problem through the introduction of a set of cost functional to be minimized (in the sense of Pareto).In the second part, we study the mathematical framework of the periodic Bloch equation. The necessary first-order optimality conditions are derived. More precisely, we prove the existence of a periodic solution, as well as the existence of an optimum.In the third part, we present a new optimization algorithm for periodic dynamics. This algorithm is applied to the maxi- mization of SNR in NMR. The work here is more of an numerical and algorithmic nature. To our knowledge, this is the first quantum control algorithm to consider periodic dynamics in time. We have shown the efficiency of this method in the case of a homogeneous and inhomogeneous spin system.The last part presents the Shinnar-Le-Roux algorithm (SLR), which is an analytical optimization method. Numerical results were obtained by comparing this method with an iterative grape-type method introduced in previous chapters. The result of this comparison gives an advantage to the SLR algorithm
El, Romh Jamila. "Spectroscopie laser des isotopologues de la molécule d’ammoniac dans le proche infrarouge." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10128/document.
Full textThe ammonia molecule is one of the most abundant species in the atmosphere of solar planets and isotopic ratio 14N/15N is an important parameter to measure. Spectroscopy of ammonia was recently updated for 14NH3 by Sung et al [JQSRT, vol. 113, 11,1066 2012] in the range 6300-7000 cm−1 and included in HITRAN 2012 database.For the 15NH3 isotopologue, Lees et al [JMS, 251, no. 1-2, 241–251, 2008] assigned some transitions belonging to ν1 + ν3, ν1 + 2ν4 et ν3 + 2ν4 in the range 6412 to 6819 cm−1.Furthermore few line positions and strengths of transitions have been measured by Linsand al [App.Phy. B,102, 293–301, 2011.] with the goal of isotopic ratio measurement. In our work the spectroscopy of 14NH3 and 15NH3 have been extended with the help of an External Cavity Diode Tunable Laser spectrometer (ECDTLS) in the range 6369 to 6578 cm−1 and recordings at four temperatures (150K, 180K, 220K,296K).The spectra has been calibrated and each transition fitted to Voigt profile. Lines positions and strengths have been measured. The intensity ratio temperature dependence have been used to derive the energy of lower state for each transition. A specific treatment has been developed considering pairs of transitions intensities removing pressure dependence.For 14NH3 a transition list has been proposed including line position, strength and lower stateenergy. Compared with Sung et al 's work, the knowledge is increased by one third. For 15NH3 compared to the Lees et al 's work (240 lines), a line list including position and strength for 2604 transitions at room temperature has been proposed for the first time
Assémat, Frédéric. "Manipulation d'états quantiques de la lumière par l'intermédiaire d'un atome de Rydberg unique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS016.
Full textThe manipulation of non-classical states is of great interest both from a fundamental perspective but also for their potential applications in domains such as quantum information, quantum communication or metrology. It is then essential to be able to prepare quantum systems in such states and control their evolution. The field of cavity quantum electrodynamics is very well suited to study non-classical states of light. It relies on the strong coupling of a two-level system on one side and one mode of the electromagnetic field on the other side. This thesis introduces a new experiment of cavity quantum electrodynamics combining a beam of slow atoms prepared in Rydberg circular states and the electromagnetic mode of a superconducting cavity. This new set-up allows us to improve significantly the interaction time between the atom and the field. Thanks to this, we obtained our first experimental results that we are presenting in this manuscript. Firstly, we use the resonant interaction between the atom and the field to generate a Schrödinger cat state, superposition of two coherent field of opposite phases. This field is then characterized thanks to its Rabi oscillation signal. Secondly, we make use of the long interaction time in the dispersive regime to achieve a resolution of the dressed state spectrum of the system up to 8 photons. Thanks to this resolution we were finally able to engineer quantum states such as the superposition of 0 and 2 photons
Le, Bigot Eric-Olivier. "QED dans les ions à un et deux électrons : états très excités ou quasi-dégénérés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006418.
Full textnumériques de contributions de l'électrodynamique quantique (QED) aux
niveaux d'énergie des ions à un et deux électrons.
Nous donnons tout d'abord un aperçu des mesures de niveaux d'énergie
dans les systèmes simples formés d'un noyau et de quelques électrons
(en nous concentrant sur l'hydrogène, les ions hydrogénoïdes, l'hélium
et les ions héliumoïdes, y compris très chargés). De tels niveaux
permettent entre autres des mesures très précises de constantes
fondamentales (comme par exemple la constante de structure
fine alpha ou le Rydberg).
Nous faisons le point sur une méthode d'évaluation formelle des
niveaux d'énergie prédits par QED : la méthode "de la fonction de
Green à deux temps", et nous en donnons une présentation très
détaillée. Cette méthode permet d'obtenir de QED les énergies de
niveaux atomiques, y compris lorsque ceux-ci sont dégénérés ou
quasi-dégénérés (dans l'approximation d'électrons ne subissant que
l'attraction du noyau) --- ce qu'il n'est possible de faire qu'avec
une seule autre méthode, très récente. Nous montrons qu'il est
possible de résoudre les difficultés de principe que pose la méthode
de la fonction de Green à deux temps, grâce à une étude (restreinte au
problème considéré) du lien entre les propriétés analytiques d'une
fonction méromorphe et de son développement perturbatif. Afin de
pouvoir utiliser de façon pratique la méthode de la fonction de Green
à deux temps pour l'obtention des niveaux d'énergie prédits par QED,
nous introduisons de plus la méthode graphique "de la particule
fantôme", qui permet de calculer systématiquement un hamiltonien
effectif pour les niveaux considérés. Enfin, nous présentons un calcul
détaillé d'une contribution (la "self énergie écrantée") au
hamiltonien effectif, qui montre que la méthode de la particule
fantôme peut être appliquée de façon générale à l'évaluation des
déplacements en énergie dûs à n'importe quel diagramme de Feynman.
Enfin, nous étendons par des formules analytiques la méthode
actuellement la plus précise de calcul du déplacement le plus
important de QED (la self énergie), dans l'hydrogène et les ions
hydrogénoïdes. Cette méthode numérique permet d'obtenir le déplacement
de self énergie de niveaux de moment cinétique quelconque (elle était
auparavant restreinte à j <= 3/2). Nous montrons qu'il est ainsi
possible de calculer numériquement le déplacement de self énergie de
nombreux niveaux excités, avec une très bonne précision.
Lin, Chunjin. "Modèles mathématiques de la théorie du transfert radiatif." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00411849.
Full textRoudjane, Mourad. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des spectres d'émission et d'absorption VUV des molécules H2, D2 et HD." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00208073.
Full textL'objectif de cette thèse est d'effectuer une étude expérimentale à haute résolution des spectres d'émission et d'absorption des isotopes D2 et HD de l'hydrogène moléculaire dans le VUV et de la compléter par une étude théorique des états électroniques excités en relation avec les transitions observées. Une telle étude avait été effectuée dans notre laboratoire et avait abouti à la réalisation d'un atlas VUV dans le domaine 78-170 nm.
Les spectres d'émission de HD et D2 sont produits par une source à décharge Penning opérant sous faible pression, et sont enregistrés dans la région spectrale 78 -170 nm à l'aide du spectrographe sous vide de 10 mètres à haute résolution (~ 150 000) de l'Observatoire de Meudon, soit sur plaques photographiques, soit sur des écrans phosphore photostimulables pour mesure d'intensités. Les spectres enregistrés contiennent plus de 20 000 raies. Les longueurs d'onde sont mesurées avec une précision de Δλ/λ= 10-6.Les raies des molécules D2 et H2 étant inévitablement présentes dans le spectre de HD, nous avons d'abord cherché à réaliser l'analyse du spectre de D2, qui consiste à identifier et à assigner les raies aux transitions électroniques entre des niveaux d'énergie de la molécule.
Nous avons par ailleurs réalisé une étude en absorption des molécules HD et D2 au Centre Laser LCVU d'Amsterdam. Nous avons mesuré par spectroscopie laser à deux photons 1XUV+1UV, de nouvelles longueurs d'onde avec une précision inégalée de Δλ/λ= 10-8 dans le domaine spectral 99.9-104 nm permis par l'accordabilité du laser XUV.
Ces nouvelles longueurs d'ondes constitueront une base de données de raies de référence pour la calibration des spectres moléculaires, mais leurs intérêts ne s'arrêtent pas au laboratoire. En effet, les nouvelles raies de HD mesurées par spectroscopie laser, ajoutées aux raies de H2 déjà mesurées avec une précision similaire, seront utilisées comme référence pour mettre en évidence une possible variation cosmologique du rapport de masse proton-électron μ= mp/me, par comparaison avec des longueurs d'onde de raies de H2 ou de HD observées dans les spectres d'absorption de quasars à grands déplacements vers le rouge. Cette étude nécessite la connaissance des coefficients de sensibilité des longueurs d'onde par rapport à la possible variation de μ, que nous avons calculés par la résolution d'un système d'équations couplées pour les états électroniques B, B', C et D de la molécule H2 et HD pour diverses valeurs de μ.
Durant ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes également intéressés à des transitions entre états libres-libres et états libres-liés de la molécule H2. Ces transitions se produisent lors d'une collision H-H formant une quasi-molécule et sont responsables de l'apparition de satellites dans l'aile des raies de l'atome d'hydrogène. Nous avons effectué une étude quantique du satellite quasi-moléculaire de la raie Lymanβ et calculé le profil d'absorption du satellite en fonction de la température. Cette variation est un outil important de diagnostic pour la détermination des caractéristiques des atmosphères des naines blanches.
Hermann, Avigliano Carla. "Towards deterministic preparation of single Rydberg atoms and applications to quantum information processing." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066351/document.
Full textRydberg atoms and superconducting cavities are remarkable tools for the exploration of basic quantum phenomena and quantum information processing. These giant atoms are blessed with unique properties. They undergo a strong distance-Dependent dipole-Dipole interaction that gives rise to the dipole blockade mechanism: in the Van der Waals regime, this energy shift scales as n11, where n is the principal quantum number. If we shine an excitation laser tuned at the frequency of the isolated atomic transition on an atomic cloud, we expect to excite at most one atom within a blockade volume of ⇠ 8(μm)3. We have set up an experiment to prepare deterministically one Rydberg atom. It uses a small cloud of ground-State Rubidium 87 atoms, magnetically trapped on a superconducting atom chip at 4 K, and laser-Excited to the Rydberg states. The dipole blockade effect is sensitive to the line broadening due to the stray electric fields. Once an atom has been excited to our target state HH 60S1/2↵, we explore the narrow millimeter-Wave transitions between Rydberg states in order to assess these stray fields . With a gold-Coated front surface for the chip, we observe as other groups large field gradients due to slowly deposited Rubidium atoms. We circumvent this problem by coating the chip with a metallic Rubidium layer. This way the gradients are reduced by an order of magnitude. This improvement allows us to observe extremely high coherence times, in the millisecond range, for Rydberg atoms near a superconducting atom-Chip. Theoretically, we present a simple scheme for the fast and efficient generation of quantum superpositions of two coherent fields with different classical amplitudes in a cavity. It relies on the simultaneous interaction of two two-Level atoms with the field. Their final detection with a high probability in the proper state projects the field onto the desired mesoscopic field state superposition (MFSS). We show that the scheme is notably more efficient than those using a single atom. This work is done in the context of cavity QED, where the two-Level systems are circular Rydberg atoms whose lifetime may reach milliseconds, interacting with the field of a superconducting microwave cavity. But this scheme is also highly relevant for the thriving field of circuit-QED. In both contexts, it may lead to interesting experimental studies of decoherence at the quantum-Classical boundary
Pradel, Nicolas. "La politique énergétique extérieure de l'Union Européenne et le droit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1074.
Full textSince 2006, the European Union’s external energy policy has been strengthening significantly. This ambitious EU policy is aimed at ensuring the security of energy supply in the EU and to contribute to more sustainable use of energy around the world. If political dialogue and economic aid are essential, the EU resorts principally to the law in order to liberalise energy markets of the third States in its periphery and to spread its vision of sustainable energy on the international stage. For which reasons does the EU use primarily the law in this policy? Is this instrument efficient? It is these two majors questions that this study addresses
Milot, Marie-Hélène. "Effet du renforcement musculaire sur les niveaux d'effort des muscles de la cheville et de la hanche lors de la marche chez le sujet hémiparétique." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18071.
Full textGisclon, Marguerite. "Effet des conditions aux limites et analyse multi-échelles en mécanique des fluides, chromatographie et électromagnétisme." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259592.
Full textIl s'inscrit dans l'étude des problèmes hyperboliques, des problème mixtes et des équations cinétiques. Les domaines d'application sont la mécanique des fluides ou du solide, la propagation de composants chimiques, l'électromagnétisme, l'optique.
Mon activité concerne d'abord la modélisation de phénomènes physiques ou chimiques sous forme d'équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires telles que les équations de Bloch, Korteweg, Navier-Stokes, Saint-Venant, puis vient l'étude mathématique de ces équations à travers les
problèmes d'existence, d'unicité, de régularité avec éventuellement la mise au point de méthodes numériques de résolution.
Ce document est divisé en une introduction générale et trois chapitres qui concernent respectivement les systèmes hyperboliques avec conditions aux limites et la chromatographie, les problèmes d'analyse asymptotique et enfin les méthodes cinétiques.
Dans chaque partie, un historique et une présentation des différents résultats mathématiques sont faits et quelques problèmes ouverts sont donnés.