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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dental enamal

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Academic literature on the topic 'Dental enamal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Dental enamal"

1

Sperber, Geoffrey H. "Dental enamel." South African Dental Journal 75, no. 7 (August 31, 2020): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2020/v75no7a6.

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Dental enamel is the sparsest but most enduring component of all the tissues in the human body, yet contrarily contains the most detailed historiography of its development. Accordingly, analysis of enamels' chemistry, histology and pathology can reveal detailed ambient information of both fossilized, long-deceased and its contemporary milieu occurring during amelogenesis. In this respect, dental enamel is the most versatile exponent of its developmental mechanisms and acquisition of its complex form. Dental enamel is the ultimate lexicographer of lives lived.

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Daryakenari, G., H. Alaghehmand, and A. Bijani. "Effect of Simulated Mastication on the Surface Roughness and Wear of Machinable Ceramics and Opposing Dental Enamel." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-153-l.

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SUMMARY Objective: Computer aided design-computer aided machining (CAD-CAM) ceramic crowns are replacing ceramo-metal ones due to newly developed mechanical properties and esthetics. To obtain knowledge about their interactions due to polishing and occlusal contacts with the opposing dental enamel specimen, including surface roughness and wear, the three-body wear simulation was investigated. Methods and Materials: The surface roughness (RA) and wear rate (mm) of four CAD-CAM blocks with different compositions including Vita Mark II, e.max, Suprinity, and Enamic, after two surface treatments of glazing and polishing, and their opposing enamel specimens, were investigated using a mastication simulator and atomic force microscope. Results: The roughness of all ceramic and to a greater extent enamel samples, with the exception of enamel opposing polished Enamic samples, was decreased after wear. No significant difference in wear was evident for the ceramic samples between the glazed and polished treatments. Lower wear rates were recorded only for polished Vita Mark II and polished Enamic in comparison to the glazed ones. Conclusion: The newly developed polishing systems for CAD-CAM ceramics can be good alternatives to reglazing, because the roughness and wear rate of both the ceramic and the opposing enamel will either not change or decrease.

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Robinson, P. A. "Dental enamel." Biochemical Education 26, no. 3 (July 1998): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0307-4412(98)00087-9.

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Bartlett, J. D., and J. P. Simmer. "Proteinases in Developing Dental Enamel." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 10, no. 4 (July 1999): 425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411990100040101.

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For almost three decades, proteinases have been known to reside within developing dental enamel. However, identification and characterization of these proteinases have been slow and difficult, because they are present in very small quantities and they are difficult to purify directly from the mineralizing enamel. Enamel matrix proteins such as amelogenin, ameloblastin, and enamelin are cleaved by proteinases soon after they are secreted, and their cleavage products accumulate in the deeper, more mature enamel layers, while the full-length proteins are observed only at the surface. These results suggest that proteinases are necessary for "activating" enamel proteins so the parent proteins and their cleavage products may perform different functions. A novel matrix metalloproteinase named enamelysin (MMP-20) was recently cloned from tooth tissues and was later shown to localize primarily within the most recently formed enamel. Furthermore, recombinant porcine enamelysin was demonstrated to cleave recombinant porcine amelogenin at virtually all of the sites that have previously been described in vivo. Therefore, enamelysin is at least one enzyme that may be important during early enamel development. As enamel development progresses to the later stages, a profound decrease in the enamel protein content is observed. Proteinases have traditionally been assumed to degrade the organic matrix prior to its removal from the enamel. Recently, a novel serine proteinase named enamel matrix serine proteinase-1 (EMSP1) was cloned from enamel organ epithelia. EMSP1 localizes primarily to the early maturation stage enamel and may, therefore, be involved in the degradation of proteins prior to their removal from the maturing enamel. Other, as yet unidentified, proteinases and proteinase inhibitors are almost certainly present within the forming enamel and await discovery.

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Katta, Prashanth Kumar. "Enamel and Dentin Adhesion Differences." Indian Journal of Dental Education 10, no. 3 (2017): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijde.0974.6099.10317.3.

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Vieira, Alexandre R., Carolyn W. Gibson, Kathleen Deeley, Hui Xue, and Yong Li. "Weaker Dental Enamel Explains Dental Decay." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2015): e0124236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124236.

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7

Fejerskov, O., M. J. Larsen, A. Richards, and V. Baelum. "Dental Tissue Effects of Fluoride." Advances in Dental Research 8, no. 1 (June 1994): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374940080010601.

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It is now well-established that a linear relationship exists between fluoride dose and enamel fluorosis in human populations. With increasing severity, the subsurface enamel all along the tooth becomes increasingly porous (hypomineralized), and the lesion extends toward the inner enamel. In dentin, hypomineralization results in an enhancement of the incremental lines. After eruption, the more severe forms are subject to extensive mechanical breakdown of the surface. The continuum of fluoride-induced changes can best be classified by the TF index, which reflects, on an ordinal scale, the histopathological features and increases in enamel fluoride concentrations. Human and animal studies have shown that it is possible to develop dental fluorosis by exposure during enamel maturation alone. It is less apparent whether an effect of fluoride on the stage of enamel matrix secretion, alone, is able to produce changes in enamel similar to those described as dental fluorosis in man. The clinical concept of post-eruptive maturation of erupting sound human enamel, resulting in fluoride uptake, most likely reflects subclinical caries. Incorporation of fluoride into enamel is principally possible only as a result of concomitant enamel dissolution (caries lesion development). At higher fluoride concentrations, calcium-fluoride-like material may form, although the formation, identification, and dissolution of this compound are far from resolved. It is concluded that dental fluorosis is a sensitive way of recording past fluoride exposure because, so far, no other agent or condition in man is known to create changes within the dentition similar to those induced by fluoride. Since the predominant cariostatic effect of fluoride is not due to its uptake by the enamel during tooth development, it is possible to obtain extensive caries reductions without a concomitant risk of dental fluorosis.

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Lang, J., S. Birkenbeil, S. Bock, R. Heinrich-Weltzien, and K. Kromeyer-Hauschild. "Dental enamel defects in German medieval and early-modern-age populations." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 73, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2016/0617.

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9

Tri, Nguyen Van. "Aperiodic crystal structure and conductivity of dental enamels and special porcelain enamel." Ferroelectrics 250, no. 1 (February 2001): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190108225107.

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Simmer, J. P., and A. G. Fincham. "Molecular Mechanisms of Dental Enamel Formation." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 6, no. 2 (April 1995): 84–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411950060020701.

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Tooth enamel is a unique mineralized tissue in that it is acellular, is more highly mineralized, and is comprised of individual crystallites that are larger and more oriented than other mineralized tissues. Dental enamel forms by matrix- mediated biomineralization. Enamel crystallites precipitate from a supersaturated solution within a well-delineated biological compartment. Mature enamel crystallites are comprised of non-stoichiometric carbonated calcium hydroxyapatite. The earliest crystallites appear suddenly at the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) as rapidly growing thin ribbons. The shape and growth patterns of these crystallites can be interpreted as evidence for a precursor phase of octacalcium phosphate (OCP). An OCP crystal displays on its (100) face a surface that may act as a template for hydroxyapatite (OHAp) precipitation. Octacalcium phosphate is less stable than hydroxyapatite and can hydrolyze to OHAp. During this process, one unit cell of octacalcium phosphate is converted into two unit cells of hydroxyapatite. During the precipitation of the mineral phase, the degree of saturation of the enamel fluid is regulated. Proteins in the enamel matrix may buffer calcium and hydrogen ion concentrations as a strategy to preclude the precipitation of competing calcium phosphate solid phases. Tuftelin is an acidic enamel protein that concentrates at the DEJ and may participate in the nucleation of enamel crystals. Other enamel proteins may regulate crystal habit by binding to specific faces of the mineral and inhibiting growth. Structural analyses of recombinant amelogenin are consistent with a functional role in establishing and maintaining the spacing between enamel crystallites.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dental enamal"

1

Fletcher, Jane. "Regenerative Dental Enamel." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525455.

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Fong, Hanson Kwok. "Towards enamel biomimetics : structure, mechanical properties & biomineralization of dental enamel /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10606.

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Obeidi, Ali. "Enhancement of bonding to enamel and dentin prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG Laser." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/obeidi.pdf.

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Hung, Cheung-sing Tony. "Bonding of dental alloys to enamel." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39558150.

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孔祥陞 and Cheung-sing Tony Hung. "Bonding of dental alloys to enamel." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558150.

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Williams, David Michael. "Psychological impact of dental enamel opacities." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55569/.

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Conclusion: Implicit measures of attitude can be used to identify variation in the strength of attributions made about different dental conditions. Explicit measures may measure the valence of attitudes. This study suggests that mild fluorosis may be perceived more favourably than untreated dental caries. It has also shown that traditional approaches to assessing the perception of fluorosis may have exaggerated its impact.

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Lihong, He. "Mechanical behaviour of human enamel and the relationship to its structural and compositional characteristics." Connect to full text, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3536.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2008.
Title from title screen (viewed 9 October 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Biomaterials Science Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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Walsh, Paula. "Acid permeation into dental enamel and hyroxyapatite." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317283.

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King, Nigel Martyn. "Prevalence and characteristics of developmental defects of dental enamel in Hong Kong." Thesis, Hong Kong : Dept. of Children's Dentistry & Orthodontics, University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12838007.

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鄭存革 and Cunge Zheng. "Relationship between dental caries in the primary teeth and developmental defects of enamel in the permanent successors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30331109.

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Books on the topic "Dental enamal"

1

Enamel microabrasion. Chicago: Quintessence Pub. Co., 1991.

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2

Chadwick, Derek J., and Gail Cardew, eds. Ciba Foundation Symposium 205 - Dental Enamel. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470515303.

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3

Colour atlas of a new concept of enamel caries. London: L.K. Bandlish, 1987.

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W, Fearnhead Ronald, ed. Tooth enamel V: Proceedings of the fifth International Symposium on the Composition, Properties, and Fundamental Structure of Tooth Enamel and Related Tissues held at the Tsurumi School of Dental Medicine on August 21st-25th 1989. Tsurumi, Japan: Florence Publishers, 1989.

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5

International Symposium on the Composition, Properties, and Fundamental Structure of Tooth Enamel (7th 2005 Brewster, MA). Enamel VII: Proceedings of the seventh International Symposium on the Composition, Properties, and Fundamental Structure of Tooth Enamel, April 10-14, 2005, Brewster, Massachusetss, USA. Copenhagen: Blackwell Munksgaar, 2005.

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6

von, Koenigswald Wighart, and Sander P. Martin, eds. Tooth enamel microstructure: Proceedings of the Enamel Microstructure Workshop, University of Bonn, Andernach, Rhine, 24-28 July 1994. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1997.

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7

G, Fincham Alan, and International Symposium on the Composition, Properties and Fundamental Structure of Tooth Enamel and Related Tissues (5th : 1989 : Yokohama, Japan), eds. Enamel VI: Proceedings of the sixth International Symposium on the Composition, Properties, and Fundamental Structure of Tooth Enamel, held at Lake Arrowhead, California, USA, May 11-15, 1997. [S.l.]: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1998.

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8

Cell biology of tooth enamel formation: Functional electron microscopic monographs. Basel: Karger, 1990.

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9

Periodontal regeneration enhanced: Clinical applications of enamel matrix proteins. Chicago: Quintessence Pub. Co., 1999.

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10

Drummond, Bernadette K., and Nicola Kilpatrick, eds. Planning and Care for Children and Adolescents with Dental Enamel Defects. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44800-7.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dental enamal"

1

Goldberg, Michel. "Enamel Etching." In Understanding Dental Caries, 19–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30552-3_3.

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Goldberg, Michel. "Enamel Softening (Dental Erosion)." In Understanding Dental Caries, 11–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30552-3_2.

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Schultz, Michael, Petra Carli-Thiele, Tyede H. Schmidt-Schultzf, Uwe Kierdorf, Horst Kierdorf, Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen, and Kerstin Kreutz. "Enamel Hypoplasias in Archaeological Skeletal Remains." In Dental Anthropology, 293–311. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7496-8_16.

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Radlanski, Ralf J. "Micromorphological Features of Human Dental Enamel." In Dental Anthropology, 129–45. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7496-8_8.

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5

Robinson, Colin, Steven J. Brookes, William A. Bonass, Roger C. Shore, and Jennifer Kirkham. "Enamel Maturation." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 205 - Dental Enamel, 156–74. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470515303.ch11.

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Goldberg, Michel. "The Early Enamel Carious Lesion." In Understanding Dental Caries, 29–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30552-3_4.

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Goldberg, Michel. "Ultrastructure of the Enamel-Cementum Junction." In Understanding Dental Caries, 153–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30552-3_12.

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Bäckman, B. "Inherited Enamel Defects." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 205 - Dental Enamel, 175–86. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470515303.ch12.

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9

Boyde, A. "Microstructure of Enamel." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 205 - Dental Enamel, 18–31. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470515303.ch3.

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Powers, J. M., and W. H. Tate. "Bond Strength to Enamel." In Dental Hard Tissues and Bonding, 53–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28559-8_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dental enamal"

1

Chun, K. J., C. Y. Kim, and J. Y. Lee. "A Study on Mechanical Behavior of Dental Hard Tissues and Dental Restorative Materials by Three-Point Bending Test." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36645.

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Dental restorative materials including amalgam, dental ceramic, gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia, and titanium alloy are used to reconstruct damaged teeth, as well as to recover their function. In this study, the mechanical properties of various dental restorative materials were determined using test specimens of identical shape and dimension under the same three-point bending test condition, and the test results were compared to enamel and dentin. The maximum bending force of enamel and dentin was 6.9 ± 2.1 N and 39.7 ± 8.3 N, and the maximum bending deflection was 0.12 ± 0.02 mm and 0.25 ± 0.03 mm, respectively. The maximum bending force of amalgam, dental ceramic, gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia, and titanium alloy were 1.9 ± 0.4 N, 2.7 ± 0.6 N, 66.9 ± 4.1 N, 2.7 ± 0.3 N, 19.0 ± 2.0 N, and 121.3 ± 6.8 N, respectively, and the maximum bending deflection was 0.20 ± 0.08 mm, 0.28 ± 0.07 mm, 2.53 ± 0.12 mm, 0.37 ± 0.05 mm, 0.39 ± 0.05 m, and 2.80 ± 0.08 mm, respectively. The dental restorative materials that possessed greater maximum bending force than that of enamel were gold alloy, zirconia, and titanium alloy. Gold alloy and titanium alloy had greater maximum bending force than dentin. The dental restorative materials that possessed greater maximum bending deflection than that of enamel were all of the dental restorative materials, and the dental restorative materials that possessed greater maximum bending deflection than that of dentin were all of the dental restorative materials except amalgam. The appropriate dental restorative materials for enamel are gold alloy and zirconia and for dentin is gold alloy concerning the maximum bending force and the maximum bending deflection. These results are expected to aid dentists in their choice of better clinical treatment and to contribute to the development of dental restorative materials that possess properties that are most similar to the mechanical properties of dental hard tissue.

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Chun, Keyoung Jin, Hyun Ho Choi, and Jong Yeop Lee. "A Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of Tooth Reconstruction Materials." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63106.

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Tooth reconstruction materials are used to reconstruct damaged teeth as well as to recover their functions. In this study, the mechanical properties of various tooth reconstruction materials were determined using test specimens of identical shape and dimension under the same compressive test condition; the hardness values of them were obtained from previous studies and compared with those of enamel and dentin. Amalgam, dental ceramic, dental gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia and titanium were processed as tooth reconstruction material specimens. For each material, 10 specimens having a of 3.0 × 1.2 × 1.2 mm (length × width × height) were used. The stresses, strains, and elastic moduli of amalgam, dental ceramic, gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia, and titanium alloy were obtained from the compressive test. The hardness values of amalgam, dental ceramic, gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia, and titanium alloy were obtained from the references [14–19]. And, the stresses, strains, elastic moduli, and the hardness values of enamel and dentin were obtained from the reference [13]. The mechanical role of enamel is to crush food and protect dentin because of its higher wear resistance, and that of dentin is to absorb bite forces because of its higher force resistance. Therefore, the hardness value should be prioritized for enamel replacement materials, and mechanical properties should be prioritized for dentin replacement materials. Therefore, zirconia and titanium alloy were considered suitable tooth reconstruction materials for replacing enamel, and gold alloy, zirconia, and titanium alloy were considered suitable tooth reconstruction materials for replacing dentin. However, owing to the excessive mechanical properties and hardness values of zirconia and titanium alloy, these may show poor biocompatibility with natural teeth. Thus far, no tooth reconstruction material satisfies the requirements of having both a hardness value similar to that of enamel and mechanical properties similar to those of dentin.

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Chun, Keyoung Jin, Hyun Ho Choi, and Jong Yeop Lee. "A Study of the Mechanical Role of Enamel and Dentin in Human Teeth." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86831.

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The dental hard tissues of a tooth are combined of enamel and dentin together. The enamel protects the dentin and comes in direct contact with food during mastication. Bite force is expressed as compression force. The purpose of this study is to identify the primary roles of enamel and dentin during mastication by analyzing their mechanical properties and hardness. Healthy human teeth (age: 19.3 ± 4.1) were used as specimens for mechanical tests. The teeth, which underwent epoxy resin molding, were machine cut to make 10 enamel specimens, 10 dentin specimens and 10 enamel–dentin composite (ED) specimens of 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm × 3.0 mm (Width × Height × Length) in size. Compression tests were conducted using a micro-load system at 0.1 mm/min test speed. Teeth surface hardness (HV) was measured by a Vickers diamond indenter with a 300g indentation load. Data were obtained from 4 points on each enamel specimen and 4 points on each dentin specimen. The strain (%), stress (MPa) and modulus of elasticity (E, MPa) of the specimens were obtained from compression tests. The MAX. strain of the enamel, dentin and ED specimens were 4.5 ± 0.8 %, 11.9 ± 0.1 % and 8.7 ± 2.7 %, respectively. The MAX. stress of the enamel, dentin and ED specimens were 62.2 ± 23.8 MPa, 193.7 ± 30.6 MPa and 126.1 ± 54.6 MPa, respectively. The E values of the enamel, dentin and ED specimens were 1338.2 ± 307.9 MPa, 1653.7 ± 277.9 MPa and 1628.6 ± 482.7 MPa, respectively. The E of the dentin specimens was the highest and the E of the enamel specimens was the lowest, but the E values of all specimens was not significantly different in the T-test (P > 0.1). The measured hardness value of the enamel specimens (HV = 274.8 ± 18.1) was about 4.2 times higher than that of the dentin specimens (HV = 65.6 ± 3.9). Because of the values of MAX. stress and MAX. strain of the enamel specimens, the enamel specimens tended to fracture earlier than the dentin and ED specimens; therefore, enamel was considered to be more brittle than dentin and ED. Enamel is a harder tissue than dentin based on their measured hardness values. Therefore, enamel has a higher wear resistance, making it suitable for grinding and crushing, whereas dentin has a higher force function, making it suitable for abutment against bite force.

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Al-Haik, Marwan, Shane Trinkle, Hartono Sumali, Daniel Garcia, Fan Yang, Ulises Martinez, and Scott Miltenberger. "Investigation of the Nanomechanical and Tribological Properties of Tooth-Fillings Materials." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42975.

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This study utilizes novel characterization techniques nanoindentation and nanoscratch for testing both the human enamel and dentine together with two biocompatible dental filling materials; epoxy nanocomposite and silver amalgam. Nanoindentation tests were performed to obtain accurate hardness and reduced modulus values for the enamel, dentin and two different fillers. We utilized Nano-scratch tests to obtain critical load in scratch test and resistance to sliding wear. Testing showed the silver amalgam filling has a higher modulus of elasticity, hardness and wear resistance compared to the nanocomposite. The novel mechanical characterization techniques utilized might assist in better understanding the mechanical behavior of the dental fillers and thus facilitate the design of robust fillers with excellent mechanical properties.

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5

Hilerio, I., and M. A. Barron. "Analysis of Dental Enamel Topography." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81938.

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One of the fields of active research in dentistry today is biomaterials replacing, which is expected to be increasingly more similar to human dental enamel. As these dental materials are exposed to the diverse degrading actions present in the oral environment, it is important to know its superficial topography, which is related to the existence of asperities on a smaller scale, responsible for the interaction between opposing bodies. In this work we try to characterize the superficial topography of the dental enamel and evaluating a sane tooth and another degraded by use, comparing the values of the texture SEM. The results indicate that the dental enamel presents a topographical profile with a symmetrical distribution, between peaks and valleys, relative to the parameters of amplitudes as well as to parameters of material concentrations. The values encountered for the amplitude and densities of peaks parameters are high. It was verified in the degraded tooth the existence of mechanisms of mechanical origin added to chemical reactions, producing a wear type called “chemical wear”. The existence of this phenomenon was identified by verification in the degraded tooth of the presence of more deep valleys in relation to the peaks. The abrasion mechanism, also present in this wear type, decreased significantly the amplitude of the peaks. The evaluation methodology via profilometry3D revealed potentially efficient for the characterization of superficial topography and by verification of the mechanisms of wear dental.

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6

Fried, Daniel. "IR laser ablation of dental enamel." In BiOS 2000 The International Symposium on Biomedical Optics, edited by John D. B. Featherstone, Peter Rechmann, and Daniel Fried. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.380820.

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Kavita, Dr, and Sumadhi Sastrodihardjo. "The Effect of Bleaching on the Morphology of Enamel." In International Dental Conference of Sumatera Utara 2017 (IDCSU 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/idcsu-17.2018.40.

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Fahey, Molly E., Megan K. Jaunich, Ashim Dutta, Darrell B. Tata, Ronald W. Waynant, H. Lawrence Mason, and Kunal Mitra. "Non-Thermal Dental Ablation Using Ultra-Short Pulsed Near Infrared Laser." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176403.

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Ultra-short pulsed lasers are known for their ability to precisely machine materials including human hard and soft tissues while minimizing the amount of thermal energy deposited to the surroundings. Non-thermal ablation produced by ultra-short pulsed lasers in the femtosecond to picosecond range is very effective for dental applications. As shown in Figure 1, most decay occurs in the dentin, which is found between the outer surface (enamel) and the inner region containing the nerve endings (pulp) [1]. Caries removal and the preparation of cavities in dentistry are primarily performed by the use of mechanical drills. The current techniques are invasive and cause patient discomfort. Due to the vibrations of the drills it is necessary to use local anesthetic for the majority of dental procedures. A continuous water spray is used in conjunction with the drills to balance the temperature rise produced by mechanical vibrations. Drills are somewhat limited in precision causing a large amount of healthy tooth to be lost during any restoration process. Replacing a multitude of mechanical tools with one non-invasive, accurate and painless laser treatment will be a huge advancement to the current dental techniques.

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Coppo, Priscilla Pessin, Mateus Aguiar Martins, Flavio José da Silva, Cherlio Scandian, and Rafael Yagüe Ballester. "TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF DENTAL ENAMEL UNDER RECIPROCATING SLIDING." In 2nd International Brazilian Conference on Tribology. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/1472-5836-25427.

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Zamataro, Claudia Bianchi, Marcos Scapin, Nielsen Grosko Kuchar, Nathalia Zanini, and Denise Maria Zezell. "Molecular analysis of human and bovine hydroxyapatite from dental enamel and dentin submitted to gamma radiation." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2018.th3d.1.

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