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Borș, Andreea, Melinda Székely, Cristina Molnar-Varlam, and Iulian Vasile Antoniac. "Bioactivity of Retrograde Dental Root Filling Materials." Key Engineering Materials 695 (May 2016): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.695.236.
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The placement of appropriate root-end filling materials in contact with periradicular tissues, with improved adaptation and biological properties is critical for the long-term success of the periapical surgery. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the bio-properties of four different root canal filling materials with respect to storage media. Two mineral trioxide aggregates: MTA-Angelus (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and two glass ionomer cements: one conventional Ketac Molar (3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany) and a resin reinforced core build-up glass ionomer Vitremer (3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany) were evaluated. Eighty healthy single-rooted human extracted teeth without curvature and with closed apices were included in this experiment. The canals were instrumented with K-files up to size #35. Adequate irrigation was performed during preparation and instrumentation using 2.6% NaOCl. Root canals were obturated with vertically condensed gutta-percha and roots end were apically resected 3mm. The samples were randomly divided in four groups (n=20) and each group was assigned to one of the four tested materials. Three-mm depth preparations were made at root ends using cylindrical diamond burs and constant water spray, and were filled with the tested materials. The roots were then wrapped in wet gauze and placed in an incubator at 37°C for 48 hours to allow complete set of the root-end filling materials. Each group was divided in two subgroups (n=10) and stored in polypropylene sealed containers for 60 days at 37°C. Specimens of the first subgroup were immersed in 5ml of a physiological-like buffered Ca- and Mg-free solution (PBS, pH=7.4) and those of the second subgroup were in 5ml of deionized water (DW, pH 6.8) After 10 minutes of immersion and at the established endpoint times, the specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Statistical analysis was performed by t-test and one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). The morphology of cement–dentin interface in fresh restorations soaked 10 min in PBS showed the margins of all cements free from porosities or gaps. EDX elemental analyzes on MTA and ProRoot MTA revealed calcium, silica and phosphorous peaks, while on Ketac Molar and Vitremer, aluminum, silica, zinc and fluoride peaks were detected. After 60 days of immersion in PBS calcium-phosphate deposits completely covered the surface, the margin and partially also the peripheral dentin surface of MTA and Pro Root MTA. Glass ionomer cements showed the presence of thick irregular deposits (p<0.05). In deionized water, EDX analyses revealed no deposits forming after 60 days. SEM analysis showed the margins of MTA and ProRoot MTA with significant discontinuities compared with glass ionomer cements (p<0.05). Mineral trioxide aggregate cements are significantly more bioactive compared to conventional or reinforced glass ionomers upon aging in PBS. Glass ionomer cements provide more optimal adaptation to dentinal cavity walls of all cements than MTA cements when used as retrograde fillings.
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Babakhin, A. A., A. I. Volozhin, L. N. Kazarina, O. O. Gushchina, and L. M. DuBuske. "Immunomodulating effect of dental materials employed as root canal filling." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 115, no. 2 (February 2005): S248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.1002.
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Vinaya Swetha T, Dhanraj Ganapathy, and Kiran Kumar. "Root canal sealers in dental practice." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 8, 2020): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2892.
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Root canal sealers are important materials commonly used in endodontic treatment. Endodontic treatment for cleaning the root canal and removing the pulp and filling with manmade materials. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of the practitioners regarding root canal sealers in endodontic treatment. It is an online-based questionnaire study in which ten questions were circulated through an online forum through google forms and results were analysed using SPSS. In this study, it was observed that private practitioners most commonly use zinc oxide eugenol based sealers (50%), but it shows that methacrylate resin-based sealers (50%) are most effective in sealing. It shows that private practitioners are more aware of root canal sealers and its uses, and about its properties.
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Iikubo, Masahiro, Takashi Osano, Tsukasa Sano, Akitoshi Katsumata, Eiichiro Ariji, Kaoru Kobayashi, Takashi Sasano, et al. "Root canal filling materials spread pattern mimicking root fractures in dental CBCT images." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 120, no. 4 (October 2015): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2015.06.030.
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Santos, Luciane Geanini Pena, Wilson Tadeu Felippe, Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes Souza, Andrea Cristina Konrath, Mabel Mariela Rodríguez Cordeiro, and Mara Cristina Santos Felippe. "Radiographic and scanning electron microscopic assessment of root canal filling remnants after endodontic re-instrumentation." Brazilian Dental Science 20, no. 1 (March 23, 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2017.v20i1.1325.
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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Failures in endodontic treatment may occur by several reasons. Endodontic retreatment is an interesting alternative to manage this clinical problem. However, it is not possible to completely remove the root canal filling by any current retreatment technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of residual root canal filling materials after endodontic re-instrumentation. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Sixty extracted anterior human teeth were prepared by step-back technique with Flexofiles, K-files and Gates-Glidden (GG) burs. Between the use of each file or bur, root canals were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Smear layer was removed by irrigation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and NaOCl. After drying with paper points the root canals were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12), according to filling material: Resilon cones/Real Seal sealer or gutta-percha cones and Endofill, Sealapex, AH Plus or MTA Fillapex sealers. After one week, root canal fillings were removed using Eucaliptol and K-files. Root canals were re-instrumented with K-files and GG burs sized larger than the first ones. The removal of root canal filling material was analyzed by radiography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using Binary Logistic Regression test (P < 0.05). <strong>Results: </strong>Radiographic and SEM analysis showed that material from the<strong> </strong>MTA Fillapex group was better removed than that from Endofill, Sealapex, AH Plus and Real Seal groups. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>After re-instrumentation<strong>, </strong>MTA Fillapex group showed less remnants into the root canals than Endofill, Sealapex, AH Plus and Real Seal groups. Residual material was most often found in the apical third.</p><p><strong>Keywords </strong></p><p>Dental radiography; Endodontic retreatment; Root canal filling materials; Scanning electron microscopy.</p>
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Celikten, Berkan, Ceren Feriha Uzuntas, and Kamran Gulsahi. "Resistance to Fracture of Dental Roots Obturated with Different Materials." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/591031.
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The aim of this study was to compare the vertical fracture resistance of roots obturated with different root canal filling materials and sealers. Crowns of 55 extracted mandibular premolar teeth were removed to provide root lengths of 13 mm. Five roots were saved as negative control group (canals unprepared and unfilled). Fifty root canals were instrumented and then five roots were saved as positive control group (canals prepared but unfilled). The remaining 45 roots were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=15root/group) and obturated with the following procedures: in group 1, glass ionomer-based sealer and cone (ActiV GP obturation system); in group 2, bioceramic sealer and cone (EndoSequence BC obturation system); and in group 3, roots were filled with bioceramic sealer and cone (Smartpaste bio obturation system). All specimens were tested in a universal testing machine for measuring fracture resistance. For each root, the force at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. The statistical analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc test. There were no significant differences between the three experimental groups. The fracture values of three experimental and negative control groups were significantly higher than the positive control group. Within the limitations of this study, all materials increased the fracture resistance of instrumented roots.
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Washio, Morotomi, Yoshii, and Kitamura. "Bioactive Glass-Based Endodontic Sealer as a Promising Root Canal Filling Material without Semisolid Core Materials." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 3967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233967.
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Endodontic treatment for a tooth with damaged dental pulp aims to both prevent and cure apical periodontitis. If the tooth is re-infected as a result of a poorly obturated root canal, periapical periodontitis may set-in due to invading bacteria. To both avoid any re-infection and improve the success rate of endodontic retreatment, a treated root canal should be three-dimensionally obturated with a biocompatible filling material. Recently, bioactive glass, one of the bioceramics, is focused on the research area of biocompatible biomaterials for endodontics. Root canal sealers derived from bioactive glass-based have been developed and applied in clinical endodontic treatments. However, at present, there is little evidence about the patient outcomes, sealing mechanism, sealing ability, and removability of the sealers. Herein, we have developed a bioactive glass-based root canal sealer and provided evidence concerning its physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, sealing ability, and removability. We also review the classification of bioceramics and characteristics of bioactive glass. Additionally, we describe the application of bioactive glass to facilitate the development of a new root canal sealer. Furthermore, this review shows the potential application of bioactive glass-based cement as a root canal filling material in the absence of semisolid core material.
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Hauman, C. H. J., and R. M. Love. "Biocompatibility of dental materials used in contemporary endodontic therapy: a review. Part 2. Root-canal-filling materials." International Endodontic Journal 36, no. 3 (February 14, 2003): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00637.x.
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Huang, Ching-Shuan, Sung-Chih Hsieh, Nai-Chia Teng, Wei-Fang Lee, Poonam Negi, Wendimi Fatimata Belem, Hsuan-Chen Wu, and Jen-Chang Yang. "A Silk Fibroin Based Hydration Accelerator for Root Canal Filling Materials." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040994.
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Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely used in various dental endodontic applications such as root-end filling, furcal perforation repair, and vital pulp therapy. In spite of many attempts to improve handling properties and reduce the discoloration of MTA, the ideal root canal filling material has yet to be fully developed. The objective of this study was to investigate the setting time, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of MTA set by a silk fibroin solution. A 5 wt% silk fibroin (SF) solution (a novel hydration accelerant) was used to set SavDen® MTA and ProRoot® white MTA (WMTA). Changes in setting time, diametral tensile strength (DTS), material crystallization, in vitro cell viability, and cell morphology were assessed by Vicat needle measurement, a universal testing machine, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and WST-1 assay, respectively. The initial setting time of ProRoot® MTA and SavDen® MTA experienced a drastic decrease of 83.9% and 42.1% when deionized water was replaced by 5 wt% SF solution as the liquid phase. The DTS of SavDen® MTA showed a significant increase after set by the SF solution in 24 h. A human osteoblast-like cell (MG-63)-based WST-1 assay revealed that both ProRoot® MTA and SavDen® MTA hydrated using SF solution did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) in cell viability. MG-63 cells with pseudopodia attachments and nuclear protrusions represent a healthier and more adherent status on the surface of MTA when set with SF solution. The results suggest that the 5 wt% SF solution may be used as an alternative hydration accelerant for MTA in endodontic applications.
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Dobrzańska, Joanna, Lech B. Dobrzański, Leszek A. Dobrzański, Klaudiusz Gołombek, and Anna D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz. "Is Gutta-Percha Still the “Gold Standard” among Filling Materials in Endodontic Treatment?" Processes 9, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081467.
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The paper is an extensive monographic review of the literature, and also uses the results of the authors’ own experimental research illustrating the noticed developmental tendencies of the filling material based on gutta-percha. The whole body of literature proves the correctness of the research thesis that this material is the best currently that can be used in endodontics. Caries is one of the most common global infectious diseases. Since the dawn of humankind, the consequence of the disease has been the loss of dentition over time through dental extractions. Both tooth caries and tooth loss cause numerous complications and systemic diseases, which have a serious impact on insurance systems and on the well-being, quality, and length of human life. Endodontic treatment, which has been developing since 1836, is an alternative to tooth extraction. Based on an extensive literature review, the methodology of qualifying patients for endodontic treatment was analyzed. The importance of selecting filling material and techniques for the development and obturation of the root canal during endodontic treatment was described. Particular attention was paid to the materials science aspects and the sequence of phase transformations and precipitation processes, as well as the need to ensure the stoichiometric chemical composition of Ni–Ti alloys, and the vacuum metallurgical processes and material processing technologies for the effects of shape memory and superelasticity, which determine the suitability of tools made of this alloy for endodontic purposes. The phenomena accompanying the sterilization of such tools, limiting the relatively small number of times of their use, play an important role. The methods of root canal preparation and obturation methods through cold side condensation and thermoplastic methods, including the most modern of them, the thermo-hydraulic condensation (THC) technique, were analyzed. An important element of the research hypothesis was to prove the assumption that to optimize the technology of development and obturation of root canals, tests of filling effectiveness are identified by the density and size of the gaps between the root canal wall, and the filling methods used and devices appropriate for material research, using mainly microscopy such as light stereoscopic (LSM) and scanning electron (SEM). The most beneficial preparations were obtained by making a longitudinal breakthrough of 48 natural human teeth, extracted for medical reasons, different from caries, with compliance with all ethical principles in this field. The teeth were prepared using various methods and filled with multiple obturation techniques, using a virtual selection of experimental variants. The breakthroughs were made in liquid nitrogen after a one-sided incision with a narrow gap created by a diamond disc using a materialographic cutter. The best effectiveness of the root canal filling was ensured by the technology of preparing the root canals with K3 rotary nitinol tools and filling the teeth with the THC thermoplastic method using the System B and Obtura III devices with studs and pellets of filling material based on gutta-percha after covering the root canal walls with a thin layer of AH Plus sealant. In this way, the research thesis was confirmed.
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Kanematsu, Nobutake. "Genetic toxicity of biomaterial. 3. DNA damaging effects of dental root canal filling materials." Japanese Journal of Oral Biology 27, no. 1 (1985): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2330/joralbiosci1965.27.375.
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Bier, Carlos Alexandre Souza, José Antônio Poli de Figueiredo, Álvaro Della Bona, Patrícia Maria Poli Kopper, José Roberto Vanni, and Simone Bopp. "In vivo analysis of post space sealing with different adhesive materials." Journal of Applied Oral Science 11, no. 3 (September 2003): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572003000300003.
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This in vivo study analyzed the sealing ability of two adhesives in post spaces, cyanoacrylate (Super Bonder® - Henkel Loctite Adesivos Ltda., Itapevi, SP, Brazil) and ScotchbondTM Multi-Purpose (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA), testing the hypothesis that their use would result in a decreased leakage through the remaining filling material. Forty extracted premolars (80 root canals) of dogs were used. The root canals were cleaned, shaped and filled by the lateral condensation technique using Sealer 26TM. The post space was created removing two thirds of the filling material within the root canal. The canals were randomly divided in three groups, which were treated as follows: Group A received the ScotchbondTM Multi-Purpose adhesive system; for Group B the cyanoacrylate adhesive, Super BonderTM, was employed; and no adhesive was applied into the post space for Group C (control group). A glass ionomer provisional restoration was placed allowing the sealer to set for 72 hours. Then the restoration was removed and the root canal was exposed to the oral environment for 45 days. The dogs were then killed and their jaws were removed. The post spaces were filled with India ink and the teeth were restored for 96 hours. Afterwards, the teeth were extracted and the roots were sectioned at the furcation for allocation to their specific groups. The teeth were turned transparent and the quantitative analysis of leakage was performed using light microscopy. The results showed no significant differences between groups, rejecting the initial hypothesis. Leakage occurred in a great extent in all specimens. Therefore, sealing post spaces with the adhesives used in this study was not an effective method to prevent microleakage.
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Kaiwar, Anjali, Gururaj Nadig, Jayashree Hegde, and S. Lekha. "Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Sealers on Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study." World Journal of Dentistry 3, no. 1 (2012): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1123.
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ABSTRACT Microorganisms invading the root canal system of a tooth may interact with the host tissue and cause pulpo-periapical pathosis. The goals of root canal treatment are to disinfect the root canal system and to prevent subsequent reinfection. The disinfection is attempted with endodontic instruments, irrigants, and medications. Due to the complex canal anatomy, microorganisms can persist even after thorough disinfection regimens are used. After disinfection, the canal is sealed with a root filling material along with sealers. To curtail residual microorganisms, root-filling materials should ideally be bactericidal, as well as biocompatible. In addition, the root filling materials are expected to act as a physical barrier to prevent the leakage of substrate to any residual microorganisms and the ingress of additional microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of various Endodontic sealers on the Enterococcus faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis is a microorganism commonly detected in asymptomatic, persistent endodontic infections. In the changing face of dental care, continued research on E. faecalis and its elimination from the dental apparatus may well define the future of the endodontic specialty. How to cite this article Kaiwar A, Nadig G, Hegde J, Lekha S. Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Sealers on Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2012;3(1):26-31.
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Manoj Kumar Upadhyay, Krishan Kumar Tyagi, and Rajbir Kaur Khangara. "Viewpoints of Dental Practitioners regarding Choice of Root Canal Sealers in Nepal." International Healthcare Research Journal 1, no. 8 (November 10, 2017): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/01_08/126.
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INTRODUCTION: Apical and periapical repair is one of the ultimate goal of endodontic therapy. Main objective should be the formation of a fluid tight seal at the apical foramen, which provides a suitable environment i.e. biological condition for healing of the periapical tissue. For this many different materials are being used in root canal filling nowadays.AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of root canal sealers among 130 dental practitioners in Nepal.MATERIALS AND METHOD: The self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 130 dental practitioners in Nepal during the month of May 2017.RESULTS: Through this study it was observed that the choice of sealers is different for every dental practitioner. All of the study participants have given multiple responses, but it was seen that AH plus followed by ZOE was the most commonly used root canal sealers.CONCLUSION: One of the major objectives in root canal treatment is the three dimensional sealing of root canal space and it is important to have a root sealer that is commonly used with maximum results as seen with AH plus and ZOE.
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Timme, Maximilian, Max Masthoff, Nina Nagelmann, Malte Masthoff, Cornelius Faber, and Sebastian Bürklein. "Imaging of root canal treatment using ultra high field 9.4T UTE-MRI – a preliminary study." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 49, no. 1 (January 2020): 20190183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190183.
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Objectives: To investigate the potential of 9.4T ultrashort echo time (UTE) technology visualizing tooth anatomy and root canal treatment in vitro. In particular, it was evaluated whether the currently achievable resolution is suited presenting all anatomical structures and whether the root canal filling materials are distinguishable in UTE-MRI. Methods: Four extracted human teeth were examined using 9.4T UTE-MRI prior endodontic treatment (native teeth), after preparation and after obturation procedure. Root canal obturation was performed using warm vertical compaction (Schilder technique) with an epoxy-resin-based sealer. A single gutta-percha cone measured by MRI served as intensity-reference. MRI results were validated with corresponding histologic sections of the teeth. In addition, all teeth were examined at the different stages with CBCT and conventional X-ray. Results: 9.4T UTE-MRI enabled a precise visualization of root canal anatomy of all teeth at a resolution of 66 µm. After obturation, dentin, sealer and gutta-percha cones showed distinct MRI signal changes that allowed clear differentiation of the obturation materials from surrounding tooth structure. The filling materials, isthmal root canal connections and even dentin-cracks that were identified in the MR-images could be verified in histological sections. Conclusions: 9.4T UTE-MRI is suitable for visualization of root canal anatomy, the evaluation of root canal preparation and obturation with a high spatial resolution and may provide a versatile tool for dental material research in endodontics.
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Teodorovic, Nevenka, and Predrag Jovanic. "Determination of the synthetic hydroxyapatite life circle used in dental practice." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 18, no. 1 (2012): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq111002054t.
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Dental materials are specific materials that were developed as a general materials for specific aplication in oral environment. To determinate the functional properties of this materials, we are obligated to use nonstandard approach and specific methods. In this study, two methodologies of material testing-artificial agging and quantification of visual informations for life circle assessment of hydroxyapatite (Hap) based materials, were used. Hap was chemically synthetized which produced the material with high purity and crystallinity. Artificially produced Hap is used in stomatology for repair of bone tissue, as a filling for periodontal defects, and as a preservative augmentation for alveolar ridges. In the mean time those materials are used for definitive root canal obturation in endodontic therapy procedure as an apical plug or as complete filling material. This research was focused on the analysis of the bonding properties of the Hap based materials to the root canal walls. The methodology of artificial agging was used together with the quantification of visual informations in purpose to quantify the Hap bonding properties and bonding quality. Experiments were done in-vitro, with the artificia saliva as the agressive agent. The experimental tooths were analyzed by the high resolution optical microscope for the morphological characterisation of the bonding layer. The model for the bond life circle assessment was developed. Hap based materials proved that has favorable properties for the dental use. The presented results proved that the combination of two methodologies (artificial agging and quantification of visual informations could be used as the tool for analyzing the material-dentine interaction.
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Vaitkus, Linas, Miglė Mackevičiūtė, and Eduardas Kelbauskas. "SURVEY OF MATERIALS, METHODS EMPLOYED, AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC TREATMENT PROTOCOL STANDARDS BY GENERAL DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN LITHUANIA. DOES AGE MATTER?" Sveikatos mokslai 27, no. 3 (July 23, 2017): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2017.048.
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Aim.To acquire statistical data concerning the materials, methods, and approaches used by general dentists in Lithuania, when treating teeth endodontically, while comparing said data with set treatment standards of undergraduate education to determine if practitioners’ years of experience had influence on aforementioned factors. Materials and Methods. In total, 350 surveys were dispersed among four major Lithuanian cities (Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda, Utena) to bring forth data. These questionnaires included questions concerning the participant’s gender, experience in dentistry in years, materials and methods used, etc. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 22.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science 22 for Windows) Results. From the total, 134 (38.3%) surveys were returned for analysis. Only those surveys were analyzed which were fully filled and were from general dentists, who were performing endodontic treatment to their patients (109 or 31.1%). Respondents who did not qualify to the set forth criteria were automatically removed from further analysis. 77.6% of younger dentists (10 years or less in the field) preferred to use a rubber dam as an isolation material while only 30.6% of older generation specialists (more than 10 years in the field) performed endodontic treatment with it. Step back technique was more popular to use for younger generation dentists while NiTi rotary system and Crown down (hand files) technique for the more experienced clinicians. Almost all respondents used K-files in root canal treatment, while the most popular time to take dental X-rays was detrmined to be before treatment and after root canal filling. Cold lateral condensation technique for root canal filling was the most popular choice, while the sealer type most often used was zinc oxide eugenol. Most commonly used root canal irrigation was sodium hypochlorite. Conclusions. From the statistics brought forth from this study, it is apparent that younger generation of dentists follow the endodontic treatment regulations somewhat closer than the older generation, but not in all aspects of treatment.
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Kaka, Hala B., and Raid F. Salman. "Injectable calcium phosphate and styrene–butadiene polymer-based root canal filling material." Asian Biomedicine 15, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abm-2021-0003.
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Abstract Background Three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system is mandatory for a successful root canal treatment. Using a filling material with optimal properties may enable the root canal to be sealed well and therefore obtain the desired obturation. Objective To develop a new injectable paste endodontic filling material using calcium phosphate powder and a styrene–butadiene emulsion polymer. Methods The powder phase comprised an equivalent molar ratio of tetracalcium phosphate, anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, bismuth oxide, and calcium chloride. The liquid phase comprised a styrene–butadiene rubber emulsion in distilled water. The powder and the liquid were mixed to achieve a paste consistency. The paste was subjected to various tests including flow, setting time, dimensional change, solubility, and radiopacity to indicate its suitability as a root canal filling material. All these tests were conducted according to the American National Standards Institute–American Dental Association for endodontic sealing materials. After passing these tests, the paste was submitted to an injectability test. Results The material showed acceptable flowability with 19.1 ± 1.3 min setting time and 0.61 ± 0.16% shrinkage after 30 days of storage. We found the highest solubility at 24 h (6.62 ± 0.58%), then the solubility decreased to 1.09 ± 0.08% within 3 days. The material was more radiopaque than a 3 mm step on an aluminum wedge. Furthermore, the material showed good injectability of 93.67 ± 1.80%. Conclusions The calcium phosphate powder in styrene–butadiene emulsion met basic requirements for a root canal filling material with promising properties.
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Kaka, Hala B., and Raid F. Salman. "Injectable calcium phosphate and styrene–butadiene polymer-based root canal filling material." Asian Biomedicine 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abm-2021-0003.
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Abstract Background Three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system is mandatory for a successful root canal treatment. Using a filling material with optimal properties may enable the root canal to be sealed well and therefore obtain the desired obturation. Objective To develop a new injectable paste endodontic filling material using calcium phosphate powder and a styrene–butadiene emulsion polymer. Methods The powder phase comprised an equivalent molar ratio of tetracalcium phosphate, anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, bismuth oxide, and calcium chloride. The liquid phase comprised a styrene–butadiene rubber emulsion in distilled water. The powder and the liquid were mixed to achieve a paste consistency. The paste was subjected to various tests including flow, setting time, dimensional change, solubility, and radiopacity to indicate its suitability as a root canal filling material. All these tests were conducted according to the American National Standards Institute–American Dental Association for endodontic sealing materials. After passing these tests, the paste was submitted to an injectability test. Results The material showed acceptable flowability with 19.1 ± 1.3 min setting time and 0.61 ± 0.16% shrinkage after 30 days of storage. We found the highest solubility at 24 h (6.62 ± 0.58%), then the solubility decreased to 1.09 ± 0.08% within 3 days. The material was more radiopaque than a 3 mm step on an aluminum wedge. Furthermore, the material showed good injectability of 93.67 ± 1.80%. Conclusions The calcium phosphate powder in styrene–butadiene emulsion met basic requirements for a root canal filling material with promising properties.
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Popescu, Florin Dan, Sanda Mihaela Popescu, Răzvan Mercuţ, and Horia Octavian Manolea. "Proposal for a Short Patch Test Series of Dental Materials for Patients with Suspected Oral Contact Allergy." Key Engineering Materials 695 (May 2016): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.695.65.
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The selection of patch test haptens contained in oral rehabilitation materials is not an easy task, therefore baseline series and additional dental series are used for screening and to increase the chance for the detection of patient's contact sensitizations. Moreover, the clinical relevance of positive patch tests must be evaluated. We conducted a biomedical literature search, covering a period of thirty years, using the keywords: contact, allergy, dental, allergens, patch, patients, screening, in order to evaluate many studies including large numbers of patients, tested to various hapten series, in different departments, for the detection of the most common contact allergens involved in dental contact hypersensitivity. We propose a short patch test series of oral rehabilitation materials for patients including six metal haptens present in dental alloys for inlays, crowns, bridges and dentures, one monofunctional methacrylate and one epoxy prepolymer present in dental composite resins, dentin bonding agents and prosthetic materials, one epoxy resin type present in root canal sealants, three odorant constituents contained in provisional restorative and root canal filling materials, periodontal dressings and dental impression materials. Contact allergy to dental haptens is a constant studied subject, but the cost of patch testing with screening and additional or extensive series is relevant, therefore the proposal of a shorter dental material series for patients is aimed to promote sustainability of oral rehabilitation and contact hypersensitivity care and to reduce costs in some real-world settings.
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Nazneen, Rafia, Rajesh Karmaker, Gulnar Begum, and Nurul Amin. "Radiographic evaluation of the quality of root canal treatment in a Bangladeshi population." IMC Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcjms.v13i2.45288.
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Background and objective: Root canal treatment (RCT) has a high rate of success, when performed by properly trained dental surgeons. However, the failure rate is inappreciably high when the same procedure is done by less experienced dental graduates having no specialization on endodontics. This study was conducted to evaluate the technical quality of RCT performed by practicing dental graduates on Bangladeshi patient.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry of BIRDEM General Hospital Dhaka over a period of 6 months from January to June 2019. Radiographs of patients who had undergone RCT in last 6 months were included in the study. Parameters used to evaluate the obturation of the root canal were presence of root-filled, posts and voids. The RCT was assessed for filling at the end of the root with radiographic apex, the density of the filling material and taper from the orifice to apex. The quality of RCT was evaluated as totally unacceptable (score: 0-2), poorly acceptable (score: 3-4), acceptable (score: 5) and perfect (score: 6) based on the treatment score. Post-treatment complications were determined by furcation and cavity wall perforation, transportation, root perforation, instrument breakage, ledge formation, voids and missed canal.
Result: A total of 180 postoperative readable radiographs with post root-canal treatment were evaluated. Evaluation of the technical quality of RCT revealed that 56% of the RCTs were of standard quality (41.7% were of perfect quality and 14.4% were of acceptable quality). The rest 23.3% were poorly acceptable and 20.6% were totally unacceptable. Majority (92.8%) of the obturation of the root canal revealed that roots were filled with sealing materials; however, 8.9% exhibited posts and 36.7% demonstrated voids. A sizable portion of the root canal obturation was unacceptable in terms of its length (12.2%), density (20%) and tapering (16.7%). Total 132 (73.3%) teeth developed at least one complication. Under filling and voids were predominant complications (42.8% and 41.1% respectively) followed by root perforation (12.2%), transportation (11.7%), ledge formation (5%), instrument breakage (2.8%) and missed canal (3.3%).
Conclusion: The study concluded that over forty percent of the RCTs performed by dental graduates having no specialization on endodontics are of substandard quality and hence not acceptable.
Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2019; 13(2): 59-64
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Yang, Tzu-Sen, May-Show Chen, Cheng-Jyun Huang, Chin-Yi Chen, Agnese Brangule, Aleksej Zarkov, Aivaras Kareiva, Chung-Kwei Lin, and Jen-Chang Yang. "A Novel Sol-Gel Bi2-xHfxO3+x/2 Radiopacifier for Mineral Trioxide Aggregates (MTA) as Dental Filling Materials." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 8, 2021): 7292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167292.
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Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is well known as an effective root canal filling material for endodontics therapy. Within MTA, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) serving as the radiopacifier still has biocompatibility concerns due to its mild cytotoxicity. In the present study, we tried to modify the Bi2O3 radiopacifier by doping hafnium ions via the sol-gel process and investigated the effects of different doping ratios (Bi2-xHfxO3+x/2, x = 0–0.3) and calcination temperatures (400–800 °C). We mixed various precursor mixtures of bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O) and hafnium sulfate (Hf(SO4)2) and controlled the calcination temperatures. The as-prepared Hf-doped Bi2O3 radiopacifier powders were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Portland cement/radiopacifier/calcium sulfate (75/20/5) were mixed and set by deionized water (powder to water ratio = 3:1). Changes in radiopacity, diametral tensile strength (DTS), and in vitro cell viability of the hydrated MTA-like cement were carried out. The experimental results showed that the group containing radiopacifier from sol-gelled Bi/Hf (90/10) exhibited significantly higher radiopacity (6.36 ± 0.34 mmAl), DTS (2.54 ± 0.29 MPa), and cell viability (84.0±8.1%) (p < 0.05) when compared to that of Bi/Hf (100/0) powders. It is suggested that the formation of β-Bi7.78Hf0.22O12.11 phase with hafnium addition and calcining at 700 °C can prepare novel bismuth/hafnium composite powder that can be used as an alternative radiopacifier for root canal filling materials.
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Bosco, Julia, Ahmed Fatimi, Sophie Quillard, Jean Michel Bouler, and Pierre Weiss. "Rheological Properties of an Injectable Bioactive Calcium Phosphate Material." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.847.
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An injectable bone substitute (IBS) made of a suspension of calcium phosphate ceramic was used to filled dental root canal after removing of canal pulp. Compared with current filling materials, which are toxic to periapical tissues, calcium phosphate materials, due to their biocompatibility and bioactive properties, may be viewed as possible alternatives. The aim of this study was first to determine if an injectable bone substitute could be used to obtain further healing of apical tissue by the neoformation of a mineralized barrier. In the next step, the paper will focus on rheological measurements as a tool for physical characterisation and on the improvement of the injection technique. Rheology concerns the flow and deformation of the suspension and, in particular, its behaviour in the transient area between solids and fluids. The results showed that injection is possible with a good level of BCP granules at the end of the root dental canal with extracted tooth. Other experiments with other animal models closer to a Human model have to be performed before human trials.
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Mitwalli, Heba, Rashed Alsahafi, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Michael D. Weir, Hockin H. K. Xu, and Mary Anne S. Melo. "Emerging Contact-Killing Antibacterial Strategies for Developing Anti-Biofilm Dental Polymeric Restorative Materials." Bioengineering 7, no. 3 (July 30, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7030083.
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Polymeric materials are the first choice for restoring tooth cavities, bonding tooth-colored fillings, sealing root canal systems, and many other dental restorative applications. However, polymeric materials are highly susceptible to bacterial attachment and colonization, leading to dental diseases. Many approaches have been investigated to minimize the formation of biofilms over polymeric restorative materials and at the tooth/material interfaces. Among them, contact-killing compounds have shown promising results to inhibit dental biofilms. Contact-killing compounds can be immobilized within the polymer structure, delivering a long-lasting effect with no leaching or release, thus providing advantages compared to release-based materials. This review discusses cutting-edge research on the development of contact-killing compounds in dental restorative materials to target oral pathogens. Contact-killing compounds in resin composite restorations, dental adhesives, root canal sealers, denture-based materials, and crown cements have all demonstrated promising antibacterial properties. Contact-killing restorative materials have been found to effectively inhibit the growth and activities of several oral pathogens related to dental caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic, and fungal infections. Further laboratory optimization and clinical trials using translational models are needed to confirm the clinical applicability of this new generation of contact-killing dental restorative materials.
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Dobrzańska, Joanna, Lech B. Dobrzański, Klaudiusz Gołombek, Leszek A. Dobrzański, and Anna D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz. "Virtual Approach to the Comparative Analysis of Biomaterials Used in Endodontic Treatment." Processes 9, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060926.
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The importance of endodontics is presented within our own concept of Dentistry Sustainable Development (DSD) consisting of three inseparable elements; i.e., Advanced Interventionist Dentistry 4.0 (AID 4.0), Global Dental Prevention (GDP), and the Dentistry Safety System (DSS) as a polemic, with the hypothesis of the need to abandon interventionist dentistry in favour of the domination of dental prevention. In view of the numerous systemic complications of caries that affect 3−5 billion people globally, endodontic treatment effectively counteracts them. Regardless of this, the prevention of oral diseases should be developed very widely, and in many countries dental care should reach the poorest sections of society. The materials and methods of clinical management in endodontic procedures are characterized. The progress in the field of filling materials and techniques for the development and obturation of root canals is presented. The endodontics market is forecast to reach USD 2.1 billion in 2026, with a CAGR of 4.1%. The most widely used and recognized material for filling root canals is gutta-percha, recognized as the “gold standard”. An alternative is a synthetic thermoplastic filler material based on polyester materials, known mainly under the trade name Resilon. There are still sceptical opinions about the need to replace gutta-percha with this synthetic material, and many dentists still believe that this material cannot compete with gutta-percha. The results of studies carried out so far do not allow for the formulation of a substantively and ethically unambiguous view that gutta-percha should be replaced with another material. There is still insufficient clinical evidence to formulate firm opinions in this regard. In essence, materials and technologies used in endodontics do not differ from other groups of materials, which justifies using material engineering methodology for their research. Therefore, a detailed methodological approach is presented to objectify the assessment of endodontic treatment. Theoretical analysis was carried out using the methods of procedural benchmarking and comparative analysis with the use of contextual matrices to virtually optimize the selection of materials, techniques for the development and obturation of root canals, and methods for assessing the effectiveness of filling, which methods are usually used, e.g., in management science, and especially in foresight research as part of knowledge management. The results of these analyses are presented in the form of appropriate context matrices. The full usefulness of the research on the effectiveness and tightness of root canal filling using scanning electron microscopy is indicated. The analysis results are a practical application of the so-called “digital twins” approach concerning the virtual comparative analysis of biomaterials used in endodontic treatment.
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Gambarini, Gianluca, Lucila Piasecki, Gabriele Miccoli, Gianfranco Gaimari, Dario Di Nardo, and Luca Testarelli. "Cone-beam computed tomography in the assessment of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 01 (January 2018): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_320_17.
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ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the quality of the coronal restoration and the root canal filling on the periapical status of endodontically treated teeth using CBCT. Materials and Methods: CBCT data were obtained from the records of patients who deny any dental treatment in the 2 years prior to the CBCT examination. CBCT images (90 kVp and 7 mA, exposure time of 23 s, and a voxel size of 0.2 mm, with a field of view of 13 cm x 13 cm) of 1011 endodontically treated teeth were observed. A score was given to the quality of the root filling and the quality of the coronal restoration. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were statistically analyzed to correlate the periapical status with gender, dental group. and quality of endodontic treatment and restoration (Chi-square test with a significance level of P < 0.001). Results: Absence of periapical periodontitis was found in 54.9% of the cases. The periapical outcome was not related to gender or dental group (P > 0.05). A statistically significant factor (Chi-square test, P < 0.0001) resulted when different qualities of sealing were compared. Conclusions: CBCT showed that high-quality root canal treatments followed by an adequate coronal sealing restoration avoid the presence of periapical periodontitis in time.
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Zakrzewski, Wojciech, Maciej Dobrzyński, Anna Zawadzka-Knefel, Adam Lubojański, Wojciech Dobrzyński, Mateusz Janecki, Karolina Kurek, Maria Szymonowicz, Rafał Jakub Wiglusz, and Zbigniew Rybak. "Nanomaterials Application in Endodontics." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 5296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185296.
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In recent years, nanomaterials have become increasingly present in medicine, especially in dentistry. Their characteristics are proving to be very useful in clinical cases. Due to the intense research in the field of biomaterials and nanotechnology, the efficacy and possibilities of dental procedures have immensely expanded over the years. The nano size of materials allows them to exhibit properties not present in their larger-in-scale counterparts. The medical procedures in endodontics are time-consuming and mostly require several visits to be able to achieve the proper result. In this field of dentistry, there are still major issues about the removal of the mostly bacterial infection from the dental root canals. It has been confirmed that nanoparticles are much more efficient than traditional materials and appear to have superior properties when it comes to surface chemistry and bonding. Their unique antibacterial properties are also promising features in every medical procedure, especially in endodontics. High versatility of use of nanomaterials makes them a powerful tool in dental clinics, in a plethora of endodontic procedures, including pulp regeneration, drug delivery, root repair, disinfection, obturation and canal filling. This study focuses on summing up the current knowledge about the utility of nanomaterials in endodontics, their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and provides a number of reasons why research in this field should be continued.
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SOUZA, Grazielle Morais de, Luis Cardoso RASQUIN, and Fabíola Bastos de CARVALHO. "Infiltration of Rhodamin B into three materials used as cervical barrier." RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 62, no. 3 (September 2014): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-8637201400030000022677.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro the sealing ability of three materials used as cervical barrier for internal dental bleaching. METHODS: Thirty-three canines were selected, and after biomechanical root canal preparation, the canals were filled by lateral condensation technique. After the filling material setting reaction, the teeth were randomly divided into three groups of ten teeth each, according to the following materials for constructing the cervical barrier: X Temp LC; Vitro Fil; Coltosol. The control group consisted of three teeth, without placement of the cervical cap. Sodium perborate /distilled water associated with 2% Rhodamin B were used as bleaching substance. After placing the bleaching agent in the pulp chamber, access cavities were sealed with temporary cement IRM and samples were stored at 37 ° for 7 days. After this period, the samples were cleaved longitudinally, and leakage was evaluated by the visual method. The data were submitted to Pearson test with a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the study groups, however, the largest number of specimens with a lower degree of leakage were found in the Coltosol group. CONCLUSION: All the materials evaluated for making the cervical cap allowed some level of leakage.
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Chen, Chia-Hsin, Yung-Kang Shen, and Sung-Chih Hsieh. "The investigation of gutta-percha temperature and compaction force change when using the vertical compaction of warm gutta-percha technique." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0211.
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Abstract The naturally occurring isoprene rubber component of gutta-percha has been used in dental root canal filling treatments for almost a hundred years owing to its stability and plasticity as a root canal filling material. The traditional warm gutta-percha vertical compaction technique is the major technique for warm gutta-percha root canal obturation. However, the relation between compaction force and temperature change in this technique is still unclear. The purposes of this study were to determine the ideal gutta-percha molding temperature for compaction and to evaluate single and double heating and compaction in the warm vertical compaction procedures using infrared thermography. Gutta-percha was placed in a digital dry bath incubator at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 62°C in order to analyze compaction forces using an Instron universal testing machine. Both single and double heating and compaction procedures were examined using an infrared thermograph model to monitor temperature change when performing the warm gutta-percha vertical compaction procedure. Our results demonstrate that 44–58°C is the ideal temperature to soften gutta-percha for excellent compaction. Heating and compacting gutta-percha twice at 3 mm from the apex can mold the gutta-percha completely.
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Al-Hamad, Khaled Q., Mohamed Al-Omari, Ahed Al-Wahadni, and Azmi Darwazeh. "Radiographic Assessment of Post-retained Crowns in an Adult Jordanian Population." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 7, no. 4 (2006): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-7-4-29.
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Abstract Aim The objective of this study was to radiographically assess and compare the quality of post-retained crowns fabricated at the Dental Health Centre of the Jordan University of Science & Technology (JUST). Methods and Materials Study data were collected in 2002 from existing dental records for all patients receiving treatment with post-retained crowns between October, 1997 and June, 1999. The posts were assessed radiographically to evaluate various aspects of the quality of post-retained crowns. All 129 posts were fabricated in the dental school. Results The most-frequently restored teeth were the maxillary incisors (38.8%). Sixty-two percent of the posts were tapered, while 38% were parallel-sided. The mean length of the posts was 0.95 mm (SD 0.41) with a range between 0.22-2.85 mm. Caries was diagnosed radiographically in 10.8% of cases with lesions located on root surfaces in 64.3% of them, while 35.7% of lesions were within the root canal. Three posts (2.3%) were deviated from the line of the root canal in the mesio-distal plane. No evidence of root filling was found in 2.3% of the cases. In the remainder of teeth 15.5% had gutta percha extended to the radiographic apex of the tooth, while 59.7% fell 0.5-1 mm short of the radiographic apex. Gutta-percha was extruded beyond the apex in 22.5% of the teeth. Space between the end of the post and the root filling was found in 22.2%. The percentage of canals with apparently completely healthy periapical tissue was 51.2%. In the rest of the cases 34.8% had areas of radiolucency at or near the root apices and 14% demonstrated widening of the periodontal space around the root apex. Root resection had been completed in 2.3% cases. Signs of external resorption were apparent in one case (0.78%). Conclusion The standards of the treatment of the endodontically treated teeth made at the dental hospital were satisfactory but could be improved by a controlled academic supervisory environment and a strict scientific approach to fixed prosthodontics within the dental school. Citation Al-Hamad KQ, Al-Omari M, Al-Wahadni A, Darwazeh A. Radiographic Assessment of Post-retained Crowns in an Adult Jordanian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 September;(7)4:029-036.
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Poudel, Keshav Raj, Suman Gautam, Prenit Pokhrel, Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi, Amshuman Shrestha, and Binod Raut. "Dentists' perspective on preference for direct restorative materials for different tooth cavities: A study from two colleges in Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 3, no. 2 (October 9, 2014): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i2.11230.
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Background: Restoration of carious teeth is required to preserve anatomy, function and aesthetics of a tooth. Proper restoration of carious teeth is paramount for the prevention of progression of a dental caries so as to obviate the need for root canal treatment. Location, extent, type, duration and cost play the major roles for the selection of a dental filling material.Objective: This study was set to know the preference of dentists for the selection of filling materials for different tooth cavities.Methods: This was cross-sectional observational study carried out at Kantipur Dental College and KIST Medical College for a period of six months. Pre-structured questionnaires were distributed to the dentists who were in dental practice and collected questionnaires were analyzed for the results. Data were compiled, entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi Info 2000. Yates corrected Chi square test was used wherever applicable and level of significance was set at <0.05.Results: Out of 65 questionnaires distributed to the dental practitioners, 57 (87.7%) questionnaires were returned. Composite was the material of choice as the restorative material for all kinds of tooth cavities except for class V for which glass ionomer cement was the main choice (52.6%). After composite, dental amalgam was second most preferred material for posterior tooth restorations. Order of preference for filling materials for posterior restorations were: composite (52.6%), dental amalgam (47.4%), miracle mix (68.3%; P<0.05) and glass ionomer cement (42.1%). Majority of practitioners (78.9%,P<0.05) opined that strength and durability of restorative material is the main guiding factor for the selection of the filling material for posterior tooth restorations. Additionally, dental amalgam had higher (68%, P< 0.05) patient satisfaction with respect to cost and longevity or durability and was associated with less tiring and time consuming procedure (84%; P<0.05) on dentists’ view.Conclusion: Majority of dentists opined that composite is the more preferred filling material for both anterior and posterior tooth restorations. For posterior tooth cavities (mainly for class I, II and VI) after composite, the order preference for filling materials was amalgam, miracle mix and glass ionomer cement.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i2.11230Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 2, Issue 8, Apr.-Jun., 2014Page: 72-77
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Sashkina, Tatiana Ivanovna, A. I. Abdullayeva, E. P. Mirzekhanova, E. P. Pustovaya, D. K. Faskhutdinov, O. V. Zaichenko, and I. V. Saldusova. "EVALUATION OF THE PENETRATING POWER OF MATERIALS USED FOR TEMPORARY FILLING OF ROOT CANALS (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)." Russian Journal of Dentistry 23, no. 5 (December 15, 2019): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2019-23-5-197-201.
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In the experimental study, the penetrating power of dental temporary filling materials Cresofen, Eugenol, Cresodent, Calasept was analyzed. The assessment was made by studying the diffusion of colored solutions of drugs. As a dye used jodoin. It was revealed tha t preparations for temporary filling had different penetrating ability. The greatest penetrating power in the tooth tissue from the studied antiseptic solutions has Cresophen, which penetrates to the entire depth of the tooth tissues after 3 days after application, the intermediate value was shown by Eugenol and Cresodent, which penetrated the cervical and apical regions after 7 days, and Calasept had minimal penetrating properties. These data should be taken into account when planning treatment activities.
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Mudaysh Bajawi, Abdulrahman, Sharafi Abdullah AL-Sagoor, Ahmed Abdullah Alhadi, Mohammed Abdullah Alhadi, Mahmoud Y. Almasrahi, Nabiel AL-Ghazali, and Mohammed M. Al-Moaleem. "Radiographic Assessment of the Quality of Root Canal Treatments Performed by Practitioners with Different Levels of Experience." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 3 (September 19, 2018): 1609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1528.
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This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to radiographically evaluate the quality of root canal treatment (RCT) performed by practitioners with different levels of experience at the Arar Dental Center, North Region, Saudi Arabia. A total of 170 periapical radiographs of root canal fillings (RCFs) were used to assess the technical quality of 376 root canal performed by the practitioners at Arar Dental Center. The length of each RCF was categorized as acceptable, overfilled, and underfilled on the basis of their relationship to the radiographic apex and surrounding structures. The density and taper of the fillings were evaluated on the basis of the presence of voids and the uniform tapering of the fillings, respectively. Root canal obturation (RCOs) was compared between practitioners. Chi-square analysis was then conducted to determine significant differences between RCF length, density and tapering in different areas of dental arches, different canal positions, and different levels of practitioner experience. Of the total number of canals, 202 (53.7%) were found in males, and 219 (58.2%) were in the maxillary arch. A total of (267; 71%) of the RCFs were located in the posterior reign. All of the parameters of the RCFs significantly differed among various areas of dental arches, canal locations, and practitioners with different levels of experience (P < 0.001) except the RCO density between different arches (P = 0.137). The technical quality of RCFs performed at the Arar Dental Center was acceptable in 63% of all cases. The length of RCFs was acceptable in the majority of cases performed by consultants and specialists, but this parameter was acceptable only in 46.4% cases carried out by general dental practitioners (GDPs). The underfilling rates reported by GDPs (43.6%) were higher than those presented by consultants (13%) and specialists (18.8%). Almost all of the cases were acceptable in terms of density and tapering among all of the practitioners. The poor density and tapering qualities of RCFs were respectively found in 24.2% and 22.3% of the cases performed by GDPs. Evaluating the quality of RCTs delivered by practitioners in any dental service center offers vital information for health service authorities. This evaluation helps improve the trend in RCT services provided by endodontists with the aid of additional new endodontic equipment and materials. This study provides insights into relevant services in terms of the standards of care in endodontic treatment.
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Domingues-Falqueiro, Léslie M., Jonathan Ferreira, Fernanda M. Lopes, Agnes Tymoszczenko, and Marco A. Gioso. "The effect of timing temporary cements to treat induced pulp necrosis in the teeth of dogs." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27, no. 2 (February 2007): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2007000200006.
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During endodontic therapy (pulpectomy, root canal debridement and root canal filling) microbiological management is a major concern. Bacteria present in dentine tubules, apical foramina and apical delta are causally related to failure of the procedure. Studies have shown that during single session endodontic treatment bacteria remain within dental structures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate endodontic treatment performed as two sessions, using temporary endodontic dressing materials for different periods in four groups of experimental dogs. A total of 80 roots of second and third upper premolar teeth and second, third and fourth lower premolar teeth were divided into four groups. The pulp chamber was opened with burrs and the pulp exposed for 60 days to induce pulpal inflammation and necrosis. Groups II, III and IV were treated with calcium hydroxide plus camphorated paramono-chlorophenol (PMCC) for 7, 15 and 30 days, respectively. In all groups, the root canals were filled with zinc oxide-eugenol and gutta-percha cones. Clinical and radiographical measurements were performed every 2 weeks. After 60 days a small block section containing the teeth, surrounding periapical tissues and the periodontium was removed for histological and microbiological study. Histological analysis revealed intense inflammatory response in all groups. Microbiological analysis showed microbial reduction inversely proportional to the period of time that the intracanal temporary medicament was left in place.
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Li, Wen Jiao, Wu Jun Ma, Zhou Qi Meng, Meng Ge Xia, Xue Fen Wang, and Mei Fang Zhu. "Investigation of Zirconia/Polyacrylamide (ZrO2/PAAm) Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Enhanced X-Ray Radiopacity." Materials Science Forum 815 (March 2015): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.815.348.
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Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles with the sizes of 50 nm were prepared via hydrothermal method and utilized to prepare zirconia/polyacrylamide (ZrO2/PAAm) nanocomposite hydrogels through conventional radical polymerization at mild condition. The morphology and crystalline structure of prepared ZrO2 were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the resultant ZrO2/PAAm nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dental ray machines. The results show that the ZrO2/PAAm nanocomposite hydrogels have a certain X-ray radiopacity and stability under simulated human oral conditions, which have the great potential to be used as root canal filling materials.
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Bahmani, Ali, Hamed Karkehabadi, Abbas Shokri, and Maryam Farhadian. "Performance of Bioceramic-based Root Filling Material with Artifact Reduction Properties in the Detection of Vertical Root Fractures Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography." Open Dentistry Journal 15, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602115010170.
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Introduction: In Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images, metallic artifacts by root filling materials reduce the quality of images. It seems that bioceramic sealers produce fewer artifacts than gutta-percha. In this situation, the possibility of VRF detection could increase, and therefore, flap and exploratory surgery would not be needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a bioceramic-based root filling material in the detection of Vertical Root Fractures (VRF) in CBCT imaging. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the dental school from March to August 2019, and 100 healthy human mandibular premolar teeth were obtained and randomly divided into two equal groups. The teeth were filled with either AH26 and gutta-percha or bioceramic root filling materials. VRF was induced on half of the decoronated teeth in each group using a Global Testing Machine, and the others were considered control. CBCT imaging was performed by the Cranex 3D machine. Comparisons of the 2 groups were made using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups of bioceramic and gutta-percha in the measured indices, including sensitivity (P=0.017), specificity (P=0.018), positive predictive value (P=0.018), negative predictive value (P=0.018), and accuracy (P=0.011). The Area Under Curve (AUC) also showed a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.011). According to Kappa test results, no significant difference was obtained between the findings of the two observers. Conclusion: Different root filling materials showed a different extent of artifact in CBCT images. Bioceramic root filling material induces fewer artifacts in CBCT images, and the diagnostic value of VRF in CBCT images in the root canals filled with it is greater than those filled with AH26 and gutta-percha.
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Janini, Ana Cristina Padilha, Gabriela Fernanda Bombarda, Lauter Eston Pelepenko, and Marina Angélica Marcano. "Antimicrobial Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Dental Materials: A Literature Review." Antibiotics 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070865.
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Endodontic biomaterials have significantly improved dental treatment techniques in several aspects now that they can be used for vital pulp treatments, as temporary intracanal medication, in definitive fillings, in apical surgeries, and for regenerative procedures. Calcium silicate-based cement is a class of dental material that is used in endodontics in direct contact with the dental structures, connective tissue, and bone. Because the material interacts with biological tissues and stimulates biomineralization processes, its properties are of major importance. The main challenge in endodontic treatments is the elimination of biofilms that are present in the root canal system anatomical complexities, as it remains even after chemical-mechanical preparation and disinfection procedures. Thus, an additional challenge for these biomaterials is to exert antimicrobial activity while maintaining their biological properties in parallel. This article reviews the literature for studies considering the antimicrobial properties of calcium silicate-based dental biomaterials used in endodontic practice. Considering the reviewed studies, it can be affirmed that the reduced antimicrobial effect exhibited by calcium silicate-based endodontic materials clearly emphasizes that all clinical procedures prior to their use must be carefully performed. Future studies for the evaluation of these materials, and especially newly proposed materials, under poly-microbial biofilms associated with endodontic diseases will be necessary.
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Zieniewska, Izabela, Mateusz Maciejczyk, and Anna Zalewska. "The Effect of Selected Dental Materials Used in Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, Surgery, and Orthodontics as Well as during the Periodontal Treatment on the Redox Balance in the Oral Cavity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 9684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249684.
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Oxidative stress (OS) is a redox homeostasis disorder that results in oxidation of cell components and thus disturbs cell metabolism. OS is induced by numerous internal as well as external factors. According to recent studies, dental treatment may also be one of them. The aim of our work was to assess the effect of dental treatment on the redox balance of the oral cavity. We reviewed literature available in PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases, including the results from 2010 to 2020. Publications were searched according to the keywords: oxidative stress and dental monomers; oxidative stress and amalgam; oxidative stress and periodontitis, oxidative stress and braces, oxidative stress and titanium; oxidative stress and dental implants, oxidative stress and endodontics treatment, oxidative stress and dental treatment; and oxidative stress and dental composite. It was found that dental treatment with the use of composites, amalgams, glass-ionomers, materials for root canal filling/rinsing, orthodontic braces (made of various metal alloys), titanium implants, or whitening agents can disturb oral redox homeostasis by affecting the antioxidant barrier and increasing oxidative damage to salivary proteins, lipids, and DNA. Abnormal saliva secretion/composition was also observed in dental patients in the course of OS. It is suggested that the addition of antioxidants to dental materials or antioxidant therapy applied during dental treatment could protect the patient against harmful effects of OS in the oral cavity.
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Kumar, G. Anil, Maneesha Das, Sindhu Ramesh, and Surendranath Garapati. "An in vitro Evaluation of Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin-based Sealer with Dentin Treated with Diode and Nd:YAG Laser." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 2 (2013): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1297.
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ABSTRACT Background Smear layer is a negative factor which prevents adhesion of the filling material to the dentinal walls. Recent advances in dental research have incorporated lasers as a potential adjunct in root canal treatment by removing the smear layer before filling the root canal system, enhancing the adhesion of sealers to dentin and improving the sealing ability. Aim To evaluate the microtensile bond strength of AH-Plus resin-based sealer to dentin after treatment with 980 nm diode and 1,064 nm neodymium-doped:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in vitro. Materials and methods Thirty specimens prepared for three groups namely group I (control), group II (980 nm diode–lased specimens) and group III (Nd:YAG–lased specimens). One tooth from each group was observed under scanning electron microscope for evaluation of intracanal root dentin morphology. Remaining specimens were used for making microsections by hard tissue microtome. Specimens for groups II and III were lased with 980 nm diode and 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser. AH Plus sealer was applied onto specimens and mounted onto Instron universal testing machine for microtensile bond strength testing. Results were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Results Group III Nd:YAG had maximum mean microtensile bond strength values (11.558 ± 0.869), followed by group II diode (9.073 ± 0.468) and group I control (6.05 ± 0.036). Statistically significant differences were seen among all the groups. SEM analysis shows removal of smear layer in both groups II and III. Conclusion Both Nd:YAG and diode laser were more effective than control group in improving the microtensile bond strength of AH Plus sealer to dentin. Clinical significance Lasers have the potential to increase the adhesiveness of root canal sealer to dentin surface, thereby improving the quality of root canal obturation. How to cite this article Maneesha D, Anil KG, Sindhu R, Surendranath G, Deepak S. An in vitro Evaluation of Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin-based Sealer with Dentin Treated with Diode and Nd:YAG Laser. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2): 183-187.
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Sanz, José, Francisco Rodríguez-Lozano, Carmen Llena, Salvatore Sauro, and Leopoldo Forner. "Bioactivity of Bioceramic Materials Used in the Dentin-Pulp Complex Therapy: A Systematic Review." Materials 12, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071015.
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Dentistry-applied bioceramic materials are ceramic materials that are categorized as bioinert, bioactive and biodegradable. They share a common characteristic of being specifically designed to fulfil their function; they are able to act as root canal sealers, cements, root repair or filling materials. Bioactivity is only attributed to those materials which are capable of inducing a desired tissue response from the host. The aim of this study is to present a systematic review of available literature investigating bioactivity of dentistry-applied bioceramic materials towards dental pulp stem cells, including a bibliometric analysis of such a group of studies and a presentation of the parameters used to assess bioactivity, materials studied and a summary of results. The research question, based on the PICO model, aimed to assess the current knowledge on dentistry-based bioceramic materials by exploring to what extent they express bioactive properties in in vitro assays and animal studies when exposed to dental pulp stem cells, as opposed to a control or compared to different bioceramic material compositions, for their use in the dentin-pulp complex therapy. A systematic search of the literature was performed in six databases, followed by article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Studies assessing bioactivity of one or more bioceramic materials (both commercially available or novel/experimental) towards dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were included in our review. A total of 37 articles were included in our qualitative review. Quantification of osteogenic, odontogenic and angiogenic markers using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the prevailing method used to evaluate bioceramic material bioactivity towards DPSCs in the current investigative state, followed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity assays and Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) to assess mineralization potential. Mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine are the prevalent reference materials used to compare with newly introduced bioceramic materials. Available literature compares a wide range of bioceramic materials for bioactivity, consisting mostly of in vitro assays. The desirability of this property added to the rapid introduction of new material compositions makes this subject a clear candidate for future research.
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Berkhman, M. V. "Diagnosis and treatment of internal resorption of teeth: a review of literature and clinical case." Endodontics Today 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36377/1683-2981-2020-18-1-47-52.
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Internal resorption is a separate category of diseases of hard tissues of teeth, characterized by the loss of dentine as a result of activation and activity of osteoclasts. The article discuss issues concerning etiology, the prevalence of internal resorption, its diagnosis, emphasise the contribution of computed tomography in the diagnosis and prediction of treatment success, clinical decisions and therapeutic treatment of this disease. Describe modern endodontic treatment methods, including the use of magnification, ultrasound in endodontic treatment, the use of certain materials for temporary and permanent root canal filling. Under these conditions, the prognosis of conservative treatment of internal resorption of dental hard tissues is improved, even if there is a perforation of the walls of the tooth cavity.
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Bel Haj Salah, Kawther, Sabra Jaâfoura, Mahdi tlili, Marwa Ben Ameur, and Saida Sahtout. "Outcome of Root Canal Treatment of Necrotic Teeth with Apical Periodontitis Filled with a Bioceramic-Based Sealer." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (March 18, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8816628.
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Introduction. Apical periodontitis is among the most common pathologies in endodontics. The treatment of apical periodontitis has always been an important occupation in the modern practice of endodontics, and the failure has been associated with nonhermetic root canal filling. With that in mind, bioceramic-based sealers have been incorporated into endodontic practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of nonsurgical root canal treatment (RCT), using a single-cone and Bioroot RCS filling of necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis. Materials and Methods. This follow-up study included patients treated in the department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics in the Dental Clinic of Monastir, from January 2018 to December 2019. The study intended to include all adult patients presenting a symptomatic or asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Once the diagnosis was performed, the patients were divided into two groups: a one-session treatment group and a two-session treatment group. All cases were obtured with BioRoot using a single-cone technique with a minimum of a 6-month recall. At 6-month follow-ups, teeth were classified as healed, healing (success), or not healed (failure), based on clinical and radiographic findings. Results. Twelve patients met the inclusion criteria, six patients per group. Seven patients returned for follow-ups. At 6-month follow-ups, the overall success rate was 100%, with 57.1% determined to be “healed” and 42.8% determined to be “healing.” All the PAI scores decreased compared to the baseline situation. Conclusion. The results obtained showed the contribution of BioRoot RCS in the healing of periapical lesions. Accordingly, bioceramic-based sealers seem to optimize the prognosis of root canal treatments.
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de Oliveira, Marcelo Tomas, Luiz Guilherme Bentregani, Braulio Pasternak, Fabio Dagostin Cancelier, Diego Rocha de Jesus, and Gustavo Otoboni Molina. "Histometric Study of Resorption on Replanted Teeth with Enamel Matrix-derived Protein." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 3 (2013): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1346.
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ABSTRACT Background Enamel matrix-derived proteins (Emdogain) stimulate the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells, contributing to their regeneration. Aim This study was to perform histometric assessment of root surface resorption in replanted teeth with the use of Emdogain®. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing 180 to 200 gm, were anesthetized, subjected to extraction of the upper right incisor tooth, which was then replanted into the alveoli with the following treatment: (a) control group - tooth with root canal filled with calcium hydroxide paste and (b) treated group - tooth with root canal filled with enamel matrix-derived protein. The animals were sacrificed 25 days after tooth replantation. The maxilla was processed to obtain thin sections (6 ì) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The resorption volume percentage of each dental element was calculated from the cementoenamel junction to the apex. Results Quantification of resorption revealed that Emdogaintreated teeth showed a lower percentage of resorption (31.58%) compared to controls (80.48%) (statistically significant values – t-test p-value = 0.0431). Conclusion It was concluded that Emdogain used as root canal filling has properties capable of showing a lower percentage of resorption in replanted teeth. How to cite this article de Oliveira MT, Bentregani LG, Pasternak B, Cancelier FD, de Jesus DR, Molina GO. Histometric Study of Resorption on Replanted Teeth with Enamel Matrix-derived Protein. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):468-472.
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Brezhnev, Alexander, Prasanna Neelakantan, Ray Tanaka, Sergey Brezhnev, George Fokas, and Jukka P. Matinlinna. "Antibacterial Additives in Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Focused Review." Dentistry Journal 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj7030072.
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Dental materials used in root canal treatment have undergone substantial improvements over the past decade. However, one area that still remains to be addressed is the ability of root canal fillings to effectively entomb, kill bacteria, and prevent the formation of a biofilm, all of which will prevent reinfection of the root canal system. Thus far, no published review has analysed the literature on antimicrobial additives to root canal sealers and their influence on physicochemical properties. The aim of this paper was to systematically review the current literature on antimicrobial additives in root canal sealers, their anti-fouling effects, and influence on physicochemical properties. A systematic search was performed in two databases (PubMed and Scopus) to identify studies that investigated the effect of antimicrobial additives in epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. The nature of additives, their antimicrobial effects, methods of antimicrobial testing are critically discussed. The effects on sealer properties have also been reviewed. A total of 31 research papers were reviewed in this work. A variety of antimicrobial agents have been evaluated as additives to epoxy resin-based sealers, including quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide, iodoform, natural extracts, antibiotics, antifungal drugs, and antimicrobial agent-functionalised nanoparticles. Antimicrobial additives generally improved the antimicrobial effect of epoxy resin-based sealers mainly without deteriorating the physicochemical properties, which mostly remained in accordance with ISO and ANSI/ADA specifications.
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Haghanifar, Sina, Ehsan Moudi, Ali Bijani, and Mohammad Kazemi Ghanbarabadi. "Morphologic assessment of mandibular anterior teeth root canal using CBCT." Acta Medica Academica 46, no. 2 (January 11, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.193.
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<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Objective</strong>. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number and mor- phological characteristics of the roots and root canals in mandibular anterior teeth, using cone beam computed tomography. <strong>Methods and materials. </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 1053 anterior mandibular teeth from 200 CBCT scans were evaluated. The teeth were complete- ly developed and should have had no fillings in the root or crown. The teeth were investigated in terms of the number of roots and root canals, the location of the apical foramen, the distance of the apical foramen to the anatomical apex, root length, crown length, dilacera- tions and the type of canals according to Vertucci’s classification. <strong>Re- sults</strong>. 87.9% of teeth had one root canal and of all of the teeth, three canines (0.3%) were found that had two roots. In 80.3% (n: 848) of cases the foramen apical location was central, then the buccal (9.3%), lingual (3.9%), distal (3.8%), and mesial (2.7%). The type of root ca- nals, according to Vertucci’s classification, with respect to prevalence, included type I (88.2%), type III (8.1%), type II (3.3%), type V (0.3%), and type VI (0.1%), respectively. In terms of the characteristics inves- tigated, bilateral symmetry was observed. Dilaceration was not seen in any of the teeth. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. The root canal morphology of mandibu- lar anterior teeth has great diversity that may differ between different races, and should be considered by all dentists in order to achieve the best dental treatment.</p></div><br clear="all" /><p> </p>
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Chaya, Megafuri, and Opik Taofik Hidayat. "Penatalaksanaan diskolorisasi gigi pasca perawatan endodontik dengan teknik walking bleachManagement of post-endodontic tooth discolouration with the walking bleach technique." Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran 32, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v32i3.25996.
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Pendahuluan: Diskolorisasi gigi setelah perawatan endodontik dapat disebabkan oleh bahan pengisi saluran akar. Bahan endodontik yang tertinggal di dalam kamar pulpa akan menginfiltrasi tubulus dentin sehingga menyebabkan pewarnaan. Diskolorisasi intrinsik akibat bahan pengisi saluran akar seringkali terlihat pada sepertiga servikal gigi yang telah dirawat endodontik. Walking bleach merupakan teknik bleaching internal yang digunakan pada kasus diskolorasi pasca perawatan endodontik. Tujuan laporan kasus ini adalah memaparkan tentang penatalaksanaan diskolorisasi gigi pasca perawatan saluran akar dengan teknik walking bleach. Laporan kasus: Pasien perempuan berusia 20 tahun datang ke RSGM Unpad dengan keluhan gigi depan atas kiri berwarna kecoklatan dan mengganggu penampilan. Pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan gigi 21 terdapat tumpatan komposit pada mesiobukal disertai diskolorisasi intrinsik dengan warna kecoklatan tampak dominan pada daerah servikal. Hasil tes vitalitas, perkusi dan palpasi negatif. Pemeriksaan radiologis menunjukkan gambaran radiopak menyerupai bahan pengisi saluran akar dari kamar pulpa hingga 2/3 panjang saluran akar. Diagnosis pada kasus ini adalah Previously Treated gigi 21. Perawatan ulang saluran akar dilakukan dan diikuti prosedur bleaching internal dengan teknik walking bleach. Gutta-percha dihilangkan 3 mm di bawah orifice kemudian dibuat barrier semen glass ionomer. Pasta H2O2 35% diletakkan diatas barrier lalu ditutup tumpatan glass ionomer. Setelah 1 minggu didapatkan warna yang sesuai, kalsium hidroksida diaplikasikan pada kamar pulpa. Gigi direstorasi dengan resin komposit 2 minggu kemudian. Aplikasi pasta H2O2 35% dengan teknik walking bleach terbukti dapat mengembalikan warna gigi tersebut. Simpulan: Teknik walking bleach merupakan salah satu pilihan perawatan yang dapat mengatasi diskolorisasi intrinsik pada gigi non vital pasca perawatan endodontik secara efektif.Kata kunci: Diskolorisasi intrinsik, bleaching internal, teknik walking bleach. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Tooth discolouration post-endodontic treatment can be caused by root canal filling materials. The endodontic material left in the pulp chamber will infiltrate the dentinal tubules, thus causing staining. Intrinsic discolouration due to root canal filling is frequently seen in an endodontically-treated third cervical. Walking bleach is an internal bleaching technique used in post endodontic discolouration cases. The purpose of this case report was to describe the management of post-endodontic root canal discolouration with the walking bleach technique. Case report: A 20-year-old female patient came to Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital (RSGM Unpad) with complaints that her maxillary anterior left teeth were brownish and disturbing her appearance. Clinical examination showed that tooth 21 had a mesiobuccal composite fill with intrinsic discolouration, in which the brownish colour was appearing predominantly in the cervical area. Vitality, percussion and palpation test results were negative. Radiological examination showed a radiopaque image resembling a root canal filling material from the pulp chamber to two-thirds of the root canal length. The diagnosis was previously treated tooth. Root canal re-treatment was carried out and followed by an internal bleaching procedure using the walking bleach technique. The gutta-percha was removed 3 mm below the orifice, and a glass ionomer cement barrier was made. 35% H2O2 paste was placed above the barrier and then covered with a glass ionomer spill. After one week of obtaining the appropriate colour, calcium hydroxide was applied to the pulp chamber. The tooth was restored with composite resin two weeks after. The application of 35% H2O2 paste using the walking bleach technique was proven to be able to restore the teeth colour. Conclusion: The walking bleach technique is one treatment option that can effectively treat intrinsic discolouration of non-vital teeth post-endodontic treatment.Keywords: Intrinsic discolouration, internal bleaching, walking bleach technique.
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Gong, Ting, Boon Chin Heng, Edward Chin Man Lo, and Chengfei Zhang. "Current Advance and Future Prospects of Tissue Engineering Approach to Dentin/Pulp Regenerative Therapy." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9204574.
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Recent advances in biomaterial science and tissue engineering technology have greatly spurred the development of regenerative endodontics. This has led to a paradigm shift in endodontic treatment from simply filling the root canal systems with biologically inert materials to restoring the infected dental pulp with functional replacement tissues. Currently, cell transplantation has gained increasing attention as a scientifically valid method for dentin-pulp complex regeneration. This multidisciplinary approach which involves the interplay of three key elements of tissue engineering—stem cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules—has produced an impressive number of favorable outcomes in preclinical animal studies. Nevertheless, many practical hurdles need to be overcome prior to its application in clinical settings. Apart from the potential health risks of immunological rejection and pathogenic transmission, the lack of a well-established banking system for the isolation and storage of dental-derived stem cells is the most pressing issue that awaits resolution and the properties of supportive scaffold materials vary across different studies and remain inconsistent. This review critically examines the classic triad of tissue engineering utilized in current regenerative endodontics and summarizes the possible techniques developed for dentin/pulp regeneration.
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Domingues-Falqueiro, Léslie M., Marco A. Gioso, and João G. Padilha Filho. "Histopathological and histomicrobiological study of root canal therapy medication, comparison of calcium hydroxide versus gutta-percha with zinc oxide/eugenol in the teeth of dogs." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27, no. 2 (February 2007): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2007000200003.
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The presence of microorganisms in dental structures with experimentally induced necrosis was evaluated. The materials were tested to evaluate their antimicrobial activity and tissue repair efficacy. Four dogs were used in this experiment, with a total of 64 roots of premolar teeth, divided into three groups. The root canals of Group I were filled with gutta-percha and zinc oxide/eugenol cement; Group II were filled with calcium hydroxide, and Group III were not filled. All animals were clinically and radiographically examined 15 days after surgery andthen again every subsequent 15 days until 120 days, when the teeth were extracted en bloc.Histopathological analysis showed inflammatory infiltration, cement and bone resorption andnecrotic tissue in the apical delta in different proportions. Histomicrobiological analysis showedthe presence of microorganisms inside the teeth structures, with different concentrationsaccording to the treatment used. There was statistical significance between the groups(p>0.05). Gutta-percha with zinc oxide/eugenol demonstrated good antimicrobial activity;calcium hydroxide was not efficient. The conclusion of this study is that gutta-percha withzinc oxide/eugenol is the better protocol for filling root canals in dogs.
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SŁOMION, Małgorzata, Maciej MATUSZEWSKI, and Michał STYP-REKOWSKI. "AN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIALS USED IN CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY." Tribologia 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7659.
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An important factor in endodontic therapy is forming a tooth seal as a temporary restoration, which prevents leakage of medicines into the oral cavity, infiltration of microorganisms, and contamination of the root canal system by fluids or food debris. Suitable physicochemical analysis and usability evaluation of restorative materials, i.e. microhardness, abrasion and compression resistance, surface structure, behaviour at different temperatures, the sealing of tooth margins, the ease of insertion and removal, allow one to choose the material that will be most favourable for medical treatment. The aim of the study is to determine, in vitro, changes of the surface structure that arise over time in commonly used preparations for temporary dental fillings. The results showed significant structural changes occurring over time, especially at a temperature of 37°C (inflammation to be), which, for a long-term use, may have a negative impact on the treatment.
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Hekmatian, Ehsan, Mitra Karbasi kheir, Hossein Fathollahzade, and Mahnaz Sheikhi. "Detection of Vertical Root Fractures Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in the Presence and Absence of Gutta-Percha." Scientific World Journal 2018 (July 9, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1920946.
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Background. Vertical root fractures (VRFs) can significantly reduce dental prognosis. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers better visualization of VRF than conventional radiography. However, gutta-percha creates artifacts in cone-beam CT (CBCT) images and reduces the diagnosis quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of CBCT in detection of VRF in presence and absence of gutta-percha in canals. Materials and Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 50 extracted mandibular premolars were selected. After preparing the access cavity, canals were instrumented using step-back method, and gutta-percha #40 was placed afterwards. The fractures were created using electromechanical universal testing machine on 25 teeth. The teeth were randomly placed in dry mandibular dental sockets, and the first CBCTs were taken. Then the gutta-percha was removed, and the second CBCTs were taken. Results. The results of Kappa coefficient between two observers in roots with and without gutta-percha were 0.644 and 0.830, respectively (p value ≤ 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of VRF diagnosis in assessing gutta-percha filled canals were 32% and 68% for the first observer, respectively (Kappa < 0.000, p value = 1.000), and 40% and 68% for the second observer, respectively (Kappa = 0.080, p value = 0.556). The sensitivity and specificity of VRF diagnosis in assessing the empty canals (without gutta-percha) were 72% and 96% for the first observer, respectively (Kappa = 0.680, p value ≤ 0/001), and 72% and 96% for the second observer, respectively (Kappa = 0.680, p value ≤ 0/001). Conclusion. The intracanal filling materials such as gutta-percha reduce the diagnostic ability of vertical root fractures. Hence, it is recommended to remove those materials from root canals before imaging to improve the diagnostic potential of CBCT.