Dissertations / Theses: 'Dental Morphology'

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Crothers, Andrew John. "Craniofacial morphology in subjects with advanced dental attrition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26420.

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The present study identifies the differences in hard and soft craniofacial morphology that may be found in the presence of advanced dental attrition and ageing when detailed linear and angular cephalometric comparisons of a study sample (N = 35, mean age 48.4 years) were made with a control group of young adult subjects (N = 40, mean age 26.1 years), using computer based recording and measurement apparatus. Existing computer programmes were modified for the purpose of the present study to enable the recording of 51 defined sequential radiographic points, producing 32 linear and 21 angular variables of craniofacial form for each subject. Method error determinations were carried out for both digitiser and cephalometric variables. X and Y co-ordinate identification accuracy, linearity of the digitiser table and cursor and point placement error by the operator were examined statistically with an analysis of variance, using skewness and kurtosis parameters to ensure the elimination of any distribution errors prior to t-test comparisons between the study sample and the control group. Comparisons were made between hard and soft tissue measurements for the study sample and the control group and the statistically significant differences tabulated. The results of the study showed marked linear and angular differences in craniofacial morphology between the categories. In the presence of ageing and attrition, total facial height was not found to differ significantly between the study sample and controls, and the smaller vertical incisor crown heights seen in the study sample were compensated for by apparent eruption of the lower incisor teeth and an apparent downwards displacement of the maxillary plane as measured n-sp and s-pm (p< 0.05). An edge to edge incisor relationship was confirmed in the study sample, related to a longer mandible as measured pgn-cd (p< 0.001), and greater values of mandibular prognathism (s-n-pg, p< 0.01) when compared to controls. The facial profile soft tissue differences between control and sample categories demonstrated a flatter and longer upper lip, and more protrusive lower lip and chin in the study sample. The study demonstrates a relationship between attrition and sagittal soft tissue morphology, and a relationship between ageing, attrition and vertical soft tissue relations.

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Le, Cabec Adeline. "Anterior dental loading and root morphology in Neanderthals." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1936/.

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Distinguer les incisives et canines des Néanderthaliens de celles des hommes modernes peut représenter un défi dans le cas de dents isolées trouvées dans des collections de musée, ou provenant de contextes stratigraphiques perturbés. De plus, la morphologie de la couronne ne peut être utilisée dans le cas de dents fortement usées. Une étude préliminaire basée sur des échantillons limités et des mesures linéaires (Bailey, 2005) propose que la longueur des racines dentaires à elle seule permet de discriminer taxonomiquement les Néanderthaliens des hommes modernes du Paléolithique supérieur et actuels. Cette thèse teste cette hypothèse pour un échantillon de Néanderthaliens et d'hommes modernes, plus large géographiquement et chronologiquement, en utilisant la micro-tomographie. En plus de l'intérêt taxonomique d'explorer la taille et la forme des racines, nous discutons les implications fonctionnelles de la morphologie racinaire des dents antérieures dans le contexte de l'hypothèse des " dents-utilisées-comme-des-outils ", et des activités para-masticatrices. La première partie a été publiée comme suit : Le Cabec, A. , Kupczik, K. , Gunz, P. , Braga, J. , and Hublin, J. J. (2012). Long Anterior Mandibular Tooth Roots in Neanderthals Are Not the Result of their Large Jaws. Journal of Human Evolution, pp. 63, 667-681. DOI: 10. 1016/j. Jhevol. 2012. 07. 003. Cette partie valide la longueur des racines dentaires en tant qu'outil taxonomique pour distinguer les Néanderthaliens tardifs des hommes modernes du Paléolithique Supérieur et récents. En dépit de l'absence de corrélation entre la taille des racines et la taille de la symphyse mentonnière, les Néanderthaliens ont de grandes racines, pour la taille de leurs mâchoires. Il est alors proposé que les courtes racines des hommes modernes récents résulteraient d'une allométrie négative. La seconde partie a été publiée comme suit : Le Cabec, A. , Gunz, P. , Kupczik, K. , Braga, J. And Hublin, J. J. (2013). Anterior Tooth Root Morphology and Size in Neanderthals: Taxonomic and Functional Implications. Journal of Human Evolution, 64, pp. 169-193. DOI: 10. 1016/j. Jhevol. 2012. 08. 011. La morphologie racinaire est étudiée à travers un large échantillon d'hominidés fossiles et actuels, couvrant une large période chronologique et une vaste zone géographique. Les plus grandes longueurs racinaires observées chez les Néanderthaliens peuvent avoir résulté de la rétention d'une condition ancestrale. L'attribution taxonomique débattue de certains spécimens est discutée à la lumière de la morphologie racinaire des dents antérieures et montre que la longueur racinaire seule ne devrait pas être considérée comme suffisante pour une diagnose taxonomique. La fréquente présence d'hypercémentose et sa distribution non-homogène autour de l'apex racinaire pour les dents antérieures des Néanderthaliens pourrait refléter le régime de charge exercé sur les dents antérieures, probablement utilisées comme une troisième main
Distinguishing Neanderthal and modern human incisors and canines can be challenging in the case of isolated teeth found in museum collections, or from unclear stratigraphic contexts. In addition, the crown morphology cannot be used in the case of heavily worn teeth. A preliminary study based on limited samples and linear measurements (Bailey, 2005) proposed that root length alone can taxonomically discriminate Neanderthals from Upper Paleolithic and extant modern humans. This thesis investigates whether this remains true for a broader chronological and geographical sample of Neanderthals and modern humans, using micro-computed tomography. In addition to the taxonomic interest of investigating root size and shape, we discuss the functional implications of the anterior root morphology in the context of the 'teeth-as-tools' hypothesis and of para-masticatory activities. The first part was published as: Le Cabec, A. , Kupczik, K. , Gunz, P. , Braga, J. , and Hublin, J. J. (2012). Long Anterior Mandibular Tooth Roots in Neanderthals Are Not the Result of their Large Jaws. Journal of Human Evolution, 63, pp. 667-681. DOI: 10. 1016/j. Jhevol. 2012. 07. 003. This part validates root length as a taxonomical tool to distinguish late Neanderthals from Upper Paleolithic and recent modern humans. Despite the absence of correlation between root size and symphyseal size, Neanderthals have large roots for the size of their jaws. It is hypothesized that the short roots of extant modern humans result from a negative allometry. The second part was published as: Le Cabec, A. , Gunz, P. , Kupczik, K. , Braga, J. And Hublin, J. J. (2013). Anterior Tooth Root Morphology and Size in Neanderthals: Taxonomic and Functional Implications. Journal of Human Evolution, 64, pp. 169-193. DOI: 10. 1016/j. Jhevol. 2012. 08. 011. Root morphology is explored across a chronologically and geographically large sample of fossil and extant hominids. Longer roots in Neanderthals may have resulted from the retention of an ancestral condition. The debated taxonomic attribution of some specimens is discussed in light of anterior tooth root morphology and shows that root length alone should not be sufficient for taxonomic diagnosis. The frequent presence of hypercementosis and its non-homogeneous distribution around the root apex in Neanderthal anterior teeth could reflect the loading regime exerted on the front teeth, likely used as a third hand

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Albtoosh, Amal Aqeel Odeh. "Prediction of naso-labial morphology from dental pattern assessments." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/aca9f6fc-3259-4c54-b629-3734db89ee51.

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This project aims to develop standards to predict vermillion border shape and appearance - i.e. the outline of the vermillion border and the fullness of lips, based on assessment of an individual dental pattern using a combination of three methods: morphological, cephalometric and GMM. This study tests a hypothesis that the skeletal and dental pattern in antero-posterior and vertical dimensions and the upper and the lower incisor inclinations can predict the morphology of the soft tissue of the lips. This hypothesis was examined by analysing retrospective facial data, which consists of two-dimensional, pre-orthodontic treatment photographs and cephalograms of individuals of four malocclusion classes: Class I, Class II: divisions 1 and 2, and Class III from two sample populations: 56 Scottish and 56 Jordanians, aged 11-14 years. All the Scottish participants had been recipients of treatment at the Dental Hospital at the University of Dundee, and the Jordanian sample were selected from the Orthodontic archive held by Jordan University Hospital. The results reveal that a cephalogram analysis offers a statistically significant correlation differing from one type of malocclusion to another, in addition, analysis of cephalograms showing the value of angles and linear dimensions differed from one type of malocclusion to another. Photographic analysis using GMM afforded a statistically reliable correlation between naso-labial traits, and particularly between the vermillion border outline and malocclusion patterns. Due to their shared ancestry (Caucasian), both Jordanian and Scottish populations showed the same morphological trends for the lips, for example: long lower facial height, a deep philtrum, V-shaped Cupid’s bow, thin upper vermillion border. GMM results suggest that vermillion border variation could be computed, at least when distinguishing between malocclusion classes from the same ethnic group. Morphological, GMM, and cephalograms analyses confirmed that the shape and diversity in the Vermillion XIV border outline differed between malocclusion classes, but few or no differences could be shown between the sexes.

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Black, Wendy. "Dental morphology and variation across holocene Khoesan people of Southern Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8693.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Dental analyses of the Holocene Khoesan populations of southern Africa can provide insight into the biological evolution of an anthropologically important people. There have been many studies of dental variation in Holocene populations of Europe and the Americas, but few of African populations. Despite the Khoesan being the focus of much osteological research over the last two decades, their dental morphology is understudied and we know little about their dental evolution. Here, I assess the metric and non-metric dental morphology and variation of Holocene Khoesan individuals across southern Africa (N=487). Due to the fragmentary nature of many archaeological skeletons, most previous work on Khoesan osteology has focused on the second half of the Holocene, because more recent skeletons tend to be better preserved. There are, however, relatively abundant and well-preserved dental remains from the early Holocene. These are studied in detail for the first time in this dissertation, adding to our understanding of the emergence of Holocene Khoesan dentition and providing insight into phenotypic (and presumably genetic) continuity in this region. In addition to examining similarities/differences among the Khoesan through space and time, comparisons are made between the teeth of Khoesan and those of Holocene archaeological skeletons from East Africa (Kenya) to provide a broader context for interpreting the Khoesan dentition. Comparisons are also made between Holocene Khoesan and Mid-Late Pleistocene teeth from southern Africa in order to provide insights into dental relationships deeper in time. There are six aims of this thesis: (1) to construct the population's dental map and with it, (2) evaluate the significance of Khoesan Late mid-Holocene body size fluctuations and (3) assess the question of population continuity or replacement ca. 2000 BP with the introduction of herding in South Africa, (4) to explore possible geographic differences among Khoesan dentitions (5) to investigate temporal differences within the Holocene, and also to compare Holocene and earlier hunter-gatherers to assess population continuity/discontinuity, and (6) to evaluate the position of Khoesan dentition in a global context. Up to 52 non-metric traits were scored using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. To test for significant relationships between groups through time, chi-square statistics were employed on dichotomised data and the mean measure of divergence was assessed in order to identify phenetic similarities and dissimilarities between regions. Additionally, MANOVAs and Principal Components Analysis were used to investigate size and shape variation. Metric analyses demonstrate minor size/shape variation between temporal and regional groups. Increased metric variation is observed during the Late Holocene, coinciding with fluctuations in body size documented in previous studies. Although some differences in trait frequencies are observed during the Late Holocene, there is little variation in qualitative traits throughout the Khoesan sample. This suggests that the minor differences observed result from intrinsic factors such as geographic variation, rather than gene flow from outlying areas. Teeth from the Mid-Late Pleistocene demonstrate a degree of phenetic affinity to Holocene Khoesan dentition. Finally, the Khoesan dentition is significantly different from global dental complexes, as exemplified by a suite of twelve core Khoesan traits that distinguish Khoesan teeth from other dental patterns (including Afridonty). Taken together, these results support hypotheses of morphological and genetic continuity in southern African populations during the Holocene, with some evidence for continuity deeper in time. In addition, these results place the Khoesan dentition at the margins of the range of human dental variation and call into question the fit of this dental map into current sub-Saharan African dental models.

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Yamamoto, Ayumi. "Geographic variations dental and skeletal morphology in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136820.

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Górka, Katarzyna. "Dental morphology and dental wear as ecological and alimentary indicators: sexual and intergroup variation in traditional human populations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384843.

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Sexual division of labour involving the use of teeth in non-masticatory activities in the Tigara population form Point Hope did not affect the wear of the upper and lower first molars and, therefore, food chewing was the main factor causing dental wear in this population. No sexual differences were found in the percentage of dentine exposure of the first molars, which is indicative that both sexes in the Tigara populations consumed very similar diets despite sex differences in the dental wear on the anterior dentition have been reported. The percentage of dentine exposure was positively correlated with the age group categories of the individual in the Tigara population, proving that dental wear is a cumulative process throughout lifespan. Crown relief of the first molars was negatively correlated with the percentage of dentine exposure, which shows that dental wear causes a decrease in cusp and crown heights. Crown relief is a continuous variable significantly correlated with age at death. Crown complexity, on the other hand, was greater in teeth with high levels of dentine exposure, showing that wear facets significantly contribute to food processing during mastication. No significant correlations were found between the percentage of dentine exposure and the density and average length of buccal scratches. However, a trend towards shorter scratches on buccal enamel surfaces was observed with decreasing values of crown relief, which demonstrates that the progressive accumulation of buccal scratches caused by enamel abrasion, which results in a reduction of their average length, is a parallel process with respect to the reduction of crown height. No significant differences on dentine exposure by sex were observed in any of the traditional modern human populations studied, which might be indicative that dental wear on molar teeth is not an adequate measure of the impact of sexual division of labour on the diet of both sexes. No significant differences in dental wear was found between the hunter-gatherer and agro-pastoral groups, despite they had very distinct diets and cultural practices in relation to food acquisition and processing. Such lack of significant wear differences among populations could be indicative that different diets may result in similar wear patterns and that the physical properties of chewed food particles might be more informative on dental wear processes than discrete classifications of dietary habits. First upper molar shape differences from all the modern human populations studied reflected the patterns of human migration and dispersal, although retaining a significant phylogenetic signal. The shape of the upper first molar in the Hutu population may be considered ancestral to the other groups compared that show a derived conditions consisting in more quadrangular and less oval shaped molars. Molar shape variability clearly discriminated the Sundadont and Sinodont populations. The Sinodont upper first molar would be characterized by more regular, rounded outlines, whereas the Sundadont would show more oval and irregular crown shapes.
Los dientes constituyen un material de estudio multidisciplinar y son usados en varias áreas de la ciencia: odontología, anatomía comparativa, paleontología, paleoantropología, genética y ciencias forenses, entre otras. La presente tesis tiene como objetivo principal investigar la variabilidad dental en populaciones de humanos modernos desde una perspectiva multi-metodológica. El enfoque principal fue el desgaste dental, aunque también se analizaron otras características, como la variabilidad métrica, la forma dental, el microdesgaste, el relieve o la complejidad de la corona. Objetivos: Valorar si la división sexual del trabajo presente en los esquimales de Point Hope puede afectar al desgaste del primer molar; Analizar las correlaciones entre marcadores del macrodesgaste, microdesgaste, relieve y complejidad de la corona dental para explorar las diferentes líneas de estudio de la pérdida del esmalte y sus correlaciones; Investigar la posible influencia de la división sexual del trabajo sobre la dienta en diferentes poblaciones de cazadores-recolectores y agricultores; Analizar la forma de los primeros molares en varios grupos de poblaciones humanas modernas mediante la innovadora técnica de la morfología geométrica tridimensional. La investigación ha sido realizada únicamente con el material disponible en las colecciones dentales de la Universidad de Barcelona y la Universidad de Alicante. Se analizaron 251 primeros molares procedentes de 188 individuos de 9 poblaciones diferentes de humanas modernas (Agta, Aborígenes Australianos, Batéké-Balali, Esquimo, Hutu, Javaneses, Khoe, Navajo y San). Al examinar las posibles influencias de la división sexual del trabajo en la dieta en otras poblaciones de economía tradicional, no se ha encontrado tampoco diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en ningún de los grupos analizados. Tampoco se han encontrado variaciones en el desgaste entre los patrones de subsistencia cazador-recolector y agricultor. El estudio de la forma dental muestra una importante variación de la forma del primer molar superior entre los grupos.

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Thomas, Robyn Patricia. "Root canal morphology of maxillary permanent first molar teeth at various ages." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4668.

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Walper, Catherine J. "The dental morphology of the Maya from Marco Gonzalez and San Pedro." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ42220.pdf.

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Zink, Katherine Diane. "Mechanical and Thermal Food Processing Effects on Mastication and Cranio-Dental Morphology." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10900.

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Chimpanzees spend ~40% of their day chewing fruits, seeds, and tough leaves and pith, while in contrast modern humans spend significantly less time eating (5%), and the foods that they consume are extremely soft and processed. How have these differences, especially the advent and increasing use of foods processing techniques, influenced masticatory effort and ultimately the morphology of the jaws and teeth? This dissertation addresses this question by measuring the effects that early hominin food processing methods (slicing, pounding, and roasting) have on food material properties, masticatory performance and functional integration of the teeth and jaws. Using standard testing techniques, the material properties of plant tubers and meat were quantified. Processing had contrasting effects on the properties of these foods, and were correlated with masticatory performance changes measured in human experiments. Mechanical processing techniques decreased tuber toughness, leading to lower chew force (CF). Roasting further decreased tuber toughness and other material properties, which led to lower comminution efficiency (CE) and CF. In direct contrast to tubers, mechanical processing techniques did not alter meat toughness, yet did increase CF and CE. Roasting the meat also increased CF and CE, likely because of higher toughness and stiffness, coupled with less elastic energy loss. The generation of lower masticatory forces resulting from processing have undoubtedly affected cranio-dental morphology. In particular, it is hypothesized that forces functionally integrate the masticatory system, and reduced forces, especially in modern human populations, lead to malocclusions (dis-integration). An animal experiment was performed to test this hypothesis, and the results indicate that masticatory effort (eating hard or soft foods) coordinates jaw and dental growth. Further testing the hypothesis, the effects of morphology on masticatory function were studied by coupling subject masticatory performance with occlusal scores. Multiple regressions of occlusion and tooth size explained a high proportion of masticatory performance variance (significantly more than tooth size alone), suggesting that occlusal integration does indeed affect masticatory function. Taken together, the results of this dissertation document the significant reductions in hominin masticatory forces and changes in cranio-dental growth and integration that may have resulted from the use of food processing techniques.
Human Evolutionary Biology

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Laitinen, Jaana. "Associations between dental consonant articulation, orofacial morphology and function in cleft lip /." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 1999. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/hamma/vk/laitinen/.

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11

Górka, Katarzyna. "Dental morphology and dental wear as dietary and ecological indicators: sexual and inter-group differences in traditional human populations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384843.

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Abstract:

Sexual division of labour involving the use of teeth in non-masticatory activities in the Tigara population form Point Hope did not affect the wear of the upper and lower first molars and, therefore, food chewing was the main factor causing dental wear in this population. No sexual differences were found in the percentage of dentine exposure of the first molars, which is indicative that both sexes in the Tigara populations consumed very similar diets despite sex differences in the dental wear on the anterior dentition have been reported. The percentage of dentine exposure was positively correlated with the age group categories of the individual in the Tigara population, proving that dental wear is a cumulative process throughout lifespan. Crown relief of the first molars was negatively correlated with the percentage of dentine exposure, which shows that dental wear causes a decrease in cusp and crown heights. Crown relief is a continuous variable significantly correlated with age at death. Crown complexity, on the other hand, was greater in teeth with high levels of dentine exposure, showing that wear facets significantly contribute to food processing during mastication. No significant correlations were found between the percentage of dentine exposure and the density and average length of buccal scratches. However, a trend towards shorter scratches on buccal enamel surfaces was observed with decreasing values of crown relief, which demonstrates that the progressive accumulation of buccal scratches caused by enamel abrasion, which results in a reduction of their average length, is a parallel process with respect to the reduction of crown height. No significant differences on dentine exposure by sex were observed in any of the traditional modern human populations studied, which might be indicative that dental wear on molar teeth is not an adequate measure of the impact of sexual division of labour on the diet of both sexes. No significant differences in dental wear was found between the hunter-gatherer and agro-pastoral groups, despite they had very distinct diets and cultural practices in relation to food acquisition and processing. Such lack of significant wear differences among populations could be indicative that different diets may result in similar wear patterns and that the physical properties of chewed food particles might be more informative on dental wear processes than discrete classifications of dietary habits. First upper molar shape differences from all the modern human populations studied reflected the patterns of human migration and dispersal, although retaining a significant phylogenetic signal. The shape of the upper first molar in the Hutu population may be considered ancestral to the other groups compared that show a derived conditions consisting in more quadrangular and less oval shaped molars. Molar shape variability clearly discriminated the Sundadont and Sinodont populations. The Sinodont upper first molar would be characterized by more regular, rounded outlines, whereas the Sundadont would show more oval and irregular crown shapes.
Los dientes constituyen un material de estudio multidisciplinar y son usados en varias áreas de la ciencia: odontología, anatomía comparativa, paleontología, paleoantropología, genética y ciencias forenses, entre otras. La presente tesis tiene como objetivo principal investigar la variabilidad dental en populaciones de humanos modernos desde una perspectiva multi-metodológica. El enfoque principal fue el desgaste dental, aunque también se analizaron otras características, como la variabilidad métrica, la forma dental, el microdesgaste, el relieve o la complejidad de la corona. Objetivos: Valorar si la división sexual del trabajo presente en los esquimales de Point Hope puede afectar al desgaste del primer molar; Analizar las correlaciones entre marcadores del macrodesgaste, microdesgaste, relieve y complejidad de la corona dental para explorar las diferentes líneas de estudio de la pérdida del esmalte y sus correlaciones; Investigar la posible influencia de la división sexual del trabajo sobre la dienta en diferentes poblaciones de cazadores-recolectores y agricultores; Analizar la forma de los primeros molares en varios grupos de poblaciones humanas modernas mediante la innovadora técnica de la morfología geométrica tridimensional. La investigación ha sido realizada únicamente con el material disponible en las colecciones dentales de la Universidad de Barcelona y la Universidad de Alicante. Se analizaron 251 primeros molares procedentes de 188 individuos de 9 poblaciones diferentes de humanas modernas (Agta, Aborígenes Australianos, Batéké-Balali, Esquimo, Hutu, Javaneses, Khoe, Navajo y San). Al examinar las posibles influencias de la división sexual del trabajo en la dieta en otras poblaciones de economía tradicional, no se ha encontrado tampoco diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en ningún de los grupos analizados. Tampoco se han encontrado variaciones en el desgaste entre los patrones de subsistencia cazador-recolector y agricultor. El estudio de la forma dental muestra una importante variación de la forma del primer molar superior entre los grupos.

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Pulkkinen, Joonas. "Associations between craniofacial morphology, dental consonant articulation and velopharyngeal function in cleft lip /." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/pulkkinen/.

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Tinoco, Rachel Lima Ribeiro. "Antropologia dental = traços não-métricos de uma amostra brasileira." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290758.

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Orientador: Eduardo Daruge Júnior
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T13:54:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tinoco_RachelLimaRibeiro_M.pdf: 2296528 bytes, checksum: 35dba26baf246615db8de57fcd81a76e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Os traços não-métricos na morfologia dental, por sua excelente preservação, e variação inter-populacional livre de pressão seletiva, são reconhecidamente um dos principais focos de observação para os pesquisadores que analisam variação humana e sua relação com o histórico biológico das populações. Considerando sua utilização em contexto forense, o conhecimento das características morfológicas do arco dental da população local permite utilizar estes traços como critério adicional para identificação humana individual com fins periciais. Objetivo: O presente estudo propôs uma análise antropológica da morfologia dental de brasileiros, do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre 18 e 30 anos, observando a prevalência de alguns traços antropológicos não-métricos encontrados no arco dental de brasileiros, sua relação com os índices levantados por outros pesquisadores, em amostras de diferentes populações, e seu valor pericial como critério adicional na identificação humana. Metodologia: Foram analisados modelos em gesso de 130 indivíduos (59 homens e 71 mulheres), com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: naturalidade brasileira, com ascendentes brasileiros até segundo grau; presença de, no mínimo, dois elementos dentais hígidos, dentre os dentes-alvo; e ausência de relação de consanguinidade com outros participantes. Foi avaliada a presença de seis traços antropológicos, com frequências étnico-geográficas anteriormente publicadas por outros autores, sendo eles: incisivo em forma de pá, tubérculo de Carabelli, quinta cúspide (tubérculo distal acessório), ausência de cúspide disto-palatina, sexta cúspide (tuberculum sextum), e ausência de cúspide disto-vestibular (molar inferior tetra-cuspidado). Resultados: As frequências obtidas de todos os traços avaliados destoaram das frequências anteriormente apresentadas como referentes aos grupos ameríndio ou sulamericano. A amostra analisada possui pouca semelhança com o chamado complexo dental americano, e nítida influência dos complexos caucasóide e subsaariano, o que está de acordo com os acontecimentos históricos locais
Abstract: The non-metric traits in tooth morphology, for their excellent preservation, and inter-population variation, immune from selection pressure, are known to be one of the major sources of observation for researchers who analyze human variation and its relationship to the populations' biological history. In a forensic context, the knowledge of the local morphological characteristics allows its use as additional criterion for human identification purposes. Objective: This study has proposed an anthropological analysis of tooth morphology of Brazilian individuals from Rio de Janeiro, between 18 and 30 years, listing the prevalence of some anthropological non-metric traits, their relationship with frequencies found by other researchers, in different populations, and its value as additional criterion for in human identification. Methodology: The dental casts of 130 individuals (59 males and 71 females) were examined, with the following inclusion criteria: Brazilian naturality, with Brazilian ascendency until second degree, presence of at least two of the target-teeth healthy, and absence of blood relationship with other participants. We evaluated the presence of six non-metric dental traits with populational frequencies previously published by other authors, as follows: shoveling, Carabelli's cusp, cusp 5 (distal accessory tubercle), hypocone absence, cusp 6, and hypoconid absence. Results: The frequencies of all the traits evaluated differ from frequencies previously presented for Amerindian and South American. The sample has little resemblance to the so called american dental complex, and strong influence of the African Sub-Sahara and European patterns, which is in agreement with local historical events
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental

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Lease, Loren Rosemond. "Ancestral determination of African American and European American deciduous dentition using metric and non-metric analysis." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054742334.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 421 p.: ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Paul W. Sciulli, Dept. of Anthropology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-152).

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Azarias, Rose Eli Grassi Rici. "Morfologia dental da preguiça-de-coleira Bradypus torquatus, Illiger, 1858." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-29062006-115342/.

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As preguiças são exclusivamente herbívoras, alimentando-se de folhas, flores, brotos, talos verdes e frutos da umbaúba ou guaruma. A anatomia do dente é o alvo desta pesquisa, que teve suas primeiras investigações objetivando estabelecer dados comparativos de sua dentição e de outros mamíferos, inclusive o homem. Foram estudadas algumas particularidades de suas estruturas macroscópicas e microscópicas, motivados pelo fato, destes animais apresentarem dentes incompletos ou rudimentares, desprovido de esmalte, o que proporciona acentuado desgaste e consideráveis alterações em sua mastigação. Foram utilizados doze animais, compreendendo machos, fêmeas e natimortos, todos da espécie Bradypus torquatus (preguiça-de-coleira), cedidos pelo Projeto de Preservação do Bicho-Preguiça, CEPLAC, Ilhéus ? BA. Foram realizados, exames macroscopicos, radiograficos, além dos estudos de microscopia de luz utilizando técnicas de desgastes e descalcificação e a também a microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram achados que os dentes do Bradypus torquatus apresentam as faces lingual, vestibular, distal, mesial e oclusal, destacando-se ainda a presença de cúspides, resultante do desgaste do dente durante a mastigação. A morfologia do dente nestes espécimes, é fortemente relacionada aos hábitos alimentares e toda a arcada dentária, tanto a maxilar, quanto a mandibular, apresentam dentes de formato semelhante, indicando não existir uma especialização dental. As radiografias laterais e periapicais constituem um método eficiente para se evidenciar que estes animais nascem dentados, apresentando em cada hemiarcada 5 dentes na maxila e 4 na mandíbula, totalizando dezoito unidades numeradas do sentido oral para aboral. Com o envelhecimento do animal ocorre um desgaste progressivo da coroa, determinando o seu aplainamento com o desaparecimento das cúpides. Os componentes estruturais dos dentes no Bradypus torquatus são cemento, dentina externa e dentina interna e polpa. A dentina dispõe-se como interna na parte central do dente. É possível identificar um tecido situado entre cemento e a dentina externa contendo túbulos dentinais contínuos com aqueles da dentina externa e canais vasculares da dentina interna. Esta investigação poderá subsidiar a busca a respostas para sugestão de uma dieta alimentar adequada ao animal em cativeiro.
The sloths are exclusively herbivore, feeding of leaves, flowers, sprouts, green stalks and fruits of the umbaúba or guaruma. The anatomy of the tooth is the aims of this research, had first investigations to establish a comparison with teething of other mammals, besides the man. Were studied the anatomy of the tooth of the Bradypus torquatus, and some particularities of gross and microscopic structures, motivated by the fact of these animals present incomplete teeth or rudimentary, without enamel, the one that provides accentuated wear and tear and considerable alterations in it mastication. Twelve animals were used, understanding males, females and stillborn all of the species Bradypus torquatus (maned sloth), given in by the Project of Preservation of the Sloths, CEPLAC, Ilhéus - BA. Were done gross studies, radiographic exams, and light microscopic techniques using wasted and decalcification and scanning electron microscopy were accomplished. Were found results that the teeth present the lingual faces, vestibular, distal, mesial and oclusal, still standing out the presence of \"peaks\", resulting from the wast of the tooth during the mastication. The morphology of the tooth in these specimens is strongly related to the alimentary habits and the whole dental arch, so much to maxillary as the mandibular, present teeth of similar shape, indicating a dental specialization not to exist. The lateral x-rays and periapical constitute an efficient method to evidence these specimens are born jagged, presenting in each hemiarcade 5 teeth in the jawbone and 4 in the jaw, totaling eighteen numbered units of the oral sense for aboral. With the aging of the animal it happens a progressive waste of the crown, determining it leveling with the disappearance of the \"peakes\". The components of the teeth in the Bradypus torquatus are cement, dentine expresses and dentine interns and pulp. The dentine is disposed as it interns in the central part of the tooth. It is possible to identify a located tissue between cement and the external dentine containing tubules continuous dentals with those of the external dentine and vascular channels of the intern dentine. This investigation can subsidize the search to answers for suggestion of an appropriate alimentary diet to the animal in captivity.

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Swan, Karen Rose. "Dental morphology and mechanical efficiency during development in a hard object feeding primate (Cercoebus atys)." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13842.

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Teeth play a prominent role in food acquisition and processing by providing the working surfaces to initiate and propagate fracture. Variation in the shape and size of teeth has therefore naturally been associated with various dietary adaptations. However, few studies have actually tested the functional consequences of tooth form on food breakdown. The work presented in this thesis uses a combination of shape quantification and physical testing to further our understanding of the relationship between dental occlusal morphology and food breakdown in the dietary specialisation hard object feeding. The sooty mangabey, Cercocebus atys, is a primate that specialises in hard object feeding throughout its life, and so presents an interesting study group that will be of focus in this thesis. Individual cusps which vary in angle and bluntness performed differently (in terms of force, energy, duration and fragmentation) during food breakdown physical testing. Therefore trade-offs in dental occlusal morphology may have to occur when optimising for more than one performance criteria. This may in part explain the diversity of tooth form observed in hard object feeders. The morphology of C. atys molars changes considerably with age due to wear, with high sharp cusps in the juveniles wearing down to produce dentine pools surrounded by an enamel ridge in older individuals. Given the considerable change in dental occlusal morphology due to wear, performance is minimally effected in hard hollow object feeding, this is particularly relevant for the dietary ecology of C. atys suggesting functional equivalence in the tooth as it wears. This study reveals a complex relationship between dental occlusal morphology and dietary ecology.

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Ling, Yu-kong John. "A morphometric study of the dentition of 12 year old Chinese children in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1329006X.

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Lopes, Murilo Baena. "Analise estrutural e mecanica de dentes bovinos relacionados a testes de união adesiva." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290104.

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Orientador: Simonides Consani
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O propósito deste estudo foi: 1 - Comparar os valores de resistência de união esmalte e dentina humanos com os valores obtidos em dentes bovinos, utilizando dois sistemas de união com princípios de atuação distintos; 2 -Comparar as dimensões tubulares e distribuição na dentina humana e bovina; 3-Comparar duas técnicas (confocal e microscopia óptica) para determinar a microinfiltração em dentes bovinos e humanos para sistemas adesivos. Para o teste de resistência de união, a dentina e o esmalte humano e bovino apresentaram valores equivalentes para o Clearfil Liner Bond 2V. O Scotchbond Multi-Purpose não mostrou diferença estatística em esmalte, porém em dentina o substrato bovino mostrou maiores valores de união que o humano. Quando analisado o diâmetro tubular, a dentina bovina superficial e média mostrou diâmetros estatisticamente maiores que para a dentina humana superficial e média. Não se encontrou diferença estatística entre o diâmetro tubular em dentina humana e bovina em dentina profunda. A densidade dos túbulos dentinários foi estatisticamente maior em dentina humana que em dentina bovina. No teste de microinflitração, quando dente bovino foi utilizado, o Scotchbond apresentou estatisticamente mais infiltração que o Clearfil. Para o dente humano não foi encontrada diferença estatística. Quando escores foram analisados, o Scotchbond não apresentou diferenças para o Clearfil, entretanto este apresentou estatisticamente menos infiltração em dente bovino que em dente humano quando o microscópio óptico foi utilizado. Microscópio confocal mostrou maior especificidade para o corante e limites de microinfiltração mais nítidos. Com o substrato bovino nem sempre se encontrou resultados equivalentes em teste de união com o dente humano. A estrutura dentinária mostrou-se diferente entre dentes humanos e bovinos. O dente bovino não seria o mais adequado para testes de microinfiltração
Abstract: The purpose of this study was: 1 - To compare shear bond strength values obtained in human enamel and dentin with the values obtained in bovine teeth using two adhesive systems with different actions; 2- To compared the tubular dimensions and distribution of human dentine and bovine dentine; 3 - To compare two techniques (confocal and optical microscopies) for determining microleakage in human and bovine teeth for adhesive bond systems. For shear bond strength, the bovine and the human dentin and enamel had equivalent values for Clearfil Liner Bond 2V. Scotchbond Multi-Purpose had no statistical differences on enamel, but on dentin, the bovine substrate showed higher bond strength values than the human one. Bovine dentine tubular diameter for superficial and middle dentine was significantly greater than for human superficial and middle dentine. There was no significant difference in tubular diameter between human and bovine deep dentine. The density of dentine tubules is significantly greater in human dentine than in bovine dentine. When bovine teeth were used, Scotchbond showed statistically higher mean penetration than Clearfil. When human teeth were used no difference was found. For microleakage test, when bovine teeth were used, Scotchbond showed statistically higher mean penetration than Clearfil. When human teeth were used no difference was found. When scores were analyzed, Scotchbond showed no difference to Clearfil, however Clearfil showed statistically less infiltration in bovine teeth than in human teeth when optical microscopy was used. Confocal microscopy showed higher sensibility for the stain and clearer leakage limits. The bovine teeth not always show the same pattern of results of human teeth in shear bond test. The dentinal structure showed different between human and bovine substrates. Bovine teeth may be not suitable for adhesive microleakage tests
Doutorado
Materiais Dentarios
Doutor em Materiais Dentários

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Itthagarun, Anut. "Effect of dentifrices on the fluoride uptake, de/ remineralization and morphology of sound enamel and initial enamel lesions /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2112971X.

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López, Onaindia Diego. "Characterisation of the biodiversity and biological affinities in the first farmers and last hunter-gatherers from northeast iberia by dental morphology analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454836.

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Aquesta tesi es centra a l'estudi de les relacions biològiques entre els grups humans durant la transició del Mesolític (9.500 cal BCE - 5.500 cal BCE) al Neolític (5.600 cal BCE - 2.200 cal BCE) en el Nord-est de la Península Ibérica. El procés de Neolitització al Oest d'Europa, i en concret a la Península Ibérica, ha estat un tema de intens debat entre arqueòlegs i entre antropòlegs. En aquest treball es pretén analitzar aquesta qüestió mitjançant l'estudi dels caràcters dentals no-mètrics. La mostra analitzada per al treball inclou restes de jaciments Mesolítics de tota la geogràfia Peninsular; Neolítics i Calcolítics principalment del Nord i Nord-est de la Península, i Sud de França; i jaciments de l'Edat del Bronze del Nord i Nord-est de la Península. En total, aquestes mostres provenen de 100 jaciments, i contemplen un número mínim de 1.391 individus i 17.262 dents. Els resultats indiquen que les poblacions humanes de la Península Ibérica presenten morfologies dentals compatibles amb el complex Eurodont des de abans del Neolític. A més a més, encara que certs factors ambientals poden afectar la formació de les dents i de la morfologia en els individus, a nivell poblacional no ho hem identificat. Per tant, la morfologia dental resulta un indicador fiable sobre les relacions entre els grups humans d'aquest context concret. S'observa als resultats que les mostres del Paleolític Superior i Mesolític de diverses zones de la Península (costa Atlàntica Portuguesa, zona Cantàbrica i la costa Mediterrània) no eren biològicament diferents entre elles. No obstant, totes eren diferents de les poblacions Italianes dels mateixos períodes. En quant a les mostres del Neolític Inicial i Mig, els resultats indiquen que n'hi havia diferencies biològiques entre algunes d'elles. Per exemple, les mostres de les zones litorals i pre-litorals de Catalunya que són incloses a la cultura del Sepulcres de Fossa, es diferenciaven significativament d'aquelles de la zona del Solsonès i Andorra. A més a més, tots dos grups mostren valors d'afinitat semblants respecte a grups del Neolític de Navarra. Tanmateix, quan aquestes mostres van ser comparades amb mostres del Sud de França, es va observa que les mostres Franceses properes a la costa Mediterrània (Provença), no mostraven diferencies amb cap de les Ibèriques, mentre que les de l'interior si que es diferenciaven dels grups Navarrès i del litoral Catalan. Durant el Calcolític i l'Edat del Bronze les diferències entre els grups de la Península van disminuir, i de fet, en aquest últim període no s'observen diferències biològiques entre les mostres analitzades. Finalment, els resultats sobre la relació entre els grups Caçadors-Recolectors i Agricultors de la Península Ibèrica són heterogenis. Les mostres Neolítiques de Navarra són més semblants a les dels Caçadors-Recolectors, mentre que les de la zona dels Pirineus i litoral Mediterrània difereixen d'aquestes en sentits diferents. Durant el Calcolític, les mostres són més semblants als Caçadors-Recolectors que al període anterior, i la mostra de l'Edat del Bronze presenta grans afinitats amb respecte aquests. Per tant, el procés de Neolitització sembla que va ser complex, amb un impacte diferent de les poblacions immigrants a les varies zones del Nord-est Peninsular. A més a més, els resultats indiquen que aquesta entrada de poblacions agricultores va poder tenir dos orígens diferents: la Mediterrània i els Pirineus.
El tema principal de esta tesis son las relaciones biológicas entre los grupos humanos durante transición del Mesolítico (9.500 cal BCE - 5.500 cal BCE) al Neolítico (5.600 cal BCE - 2.200 cal BCE) en el Nordeste de la Península Ibérica. Asimismo, las relaciones entre las diferentes poblaciones Neolíticas de dicha área geográfica. El proceso de Neolitización de la Península y el Oeste de Europa en general, y su modo de desarrollo ha generado un intenso debate entre arqueólogos y entre antropólogos durante décadas. En este trabajo se pretende analizar esta cuestión mediante el estudio de los caracteres dentales no-métricos. La muestra analizada para el trabajo incluye restos de yacimientos Mesolíticos de toda la Península; Neolíticos y Calcolíticos principalmente del Norte y Nordeste Peninsular, y Sur de Francia; y yacimientos de la Edad del Bronce del Norte y Nordeste de la Península. En total, estos suman 100 yacimientos, de los cuales se han estudiado un mínimo de 1.391 individuos y 17.262 dientes. Los resultados indican que las poblaciones humanas de la Península presentan morfologías dentales compatibles con el complejo dental Eurodonte desde el Mesolítico. Además, aunque diversos factores ambientales pueden afectar la formación dental y la morfología a nivel individual, esto no ocurrió a una escala poblacional. Por tanto, la morfología dental resulta un indicador fiable sobre las relaciones entre grupos humanos en este contexto concreto. Se observa en los resultados que las muestras del Paleolítico Superior y Mesolítico de diversas zonas de la Península (costa Atlántica Portuguesa, zona Cantábrica y costa Mediterránea) no eran diferentes biológicamente entre ellas. Sin embargo, todas eran diferentes de poblaciones Italianas coetáneas. En cuanto a las muestras del Neolítico Temprano y Medio, los resultados indican que algunas eran biológicamente diferentes entre ellas. Por ejemplo, las muestras incluidas en la cultura de los Sepulcros de Fosa de zonas costeras y pre-litorales de Cataluña difieren significativamente del las muestras del mismo periodo halladas en la región del Solones y Andorra. Además, los dos grupos presentan valores de afinidad parecidos respecto a los grupos del mismo periodo de Navarra. Asimismo, cuando estas muestras fueron comparadas con aquellas del Sur de Francia, se observó que las muestras Francesas cercanas a la costa Mediterránea, no presentaban diferencias con ninguna de las Ibéricas, las del interior sí que se diferenciaban del grupo Navarro y el litoral Catalán. Durante el Calcolítico y la Edad del Bronce las diferencias entre los grupos de la Península disminuyeron, y de hecho en este último periodo no se observa diferencia biológica alguna entre las muestras analizadas. Finalmente, los resultados sobre la relación entre los grupos Cazadores-Recolectores y Agricultores de la Península Ibérica son heterogéneos. Aquellas muestras Neolíticas de Navarra son las más parecidas a los Cazadores-Recolectores, mientras que las de la zona de los Pirineos y litoral Mediterráneo difieren en distintos sentidos de ellos. Durante el Calcolítico, las muestras son más parecidas a los Cazadores-Recolectores que en los periodos anteriores, y la muestra del Bronce muestra fuertes afinidades con respecto a los mismos. Por lo tanto, el proceso de Neolitización fue heterogéneo, con diferentes niveles de impacto de poblaciones inmigrantes en las varias zonas del Nordeste Peninsular. Además, los resultados indican que esta entrada de poblaciones pudo tener dos orígenes diferentes: la costa Mediterránea y los Pirineos.
The main subject of this dissertation is the biological aspect of the human transition from Mesolithic (9,500 cal BCE – 5,500 cal BCE) to Neolithic (5,600 cal BCE – 2,200 cal BCE) in the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, and the biological relationships among the Neolithic populations of the same area. How this process, called Neolithisation, occurred in Western Europe, and concretely in the Iberian Peninsula, has produced a major debate within archaeologists and anthropologists during many decades. The methodology used to address this question has been the study of non-metric dental traits. The analysed sample comprises Mesolithic sites from along the Iberian Peninsula; Neolithic and Chalcolithic samples from the North and Northeast of the Peninsula, and Southern France; and Bronze Age samples from the North and Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. In total, 100 sites have been analysed, where a minimum number of 1,391 individuals were recovered and 17,262 teeth analysed for this work. The results indicate that prehistoric populations from the Iberian Peninsula since the Mesolithic presented a dental morphological pattern that is compatible, for most traits, to the Eurodont dental pattern described for current Western European populations. Additionally, although it has been recorded that environmental factors might affect tooth formation and morphology in individual levels, this did not happen in a population scale. Thus, dental morphology proved to be stable enough to provide reliable information on the relationships between human populations in this concrete case. Moreover, it is observable that the Pre-Neolithic samples from the Upper-Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods from the different areas of the Peninsula (Portuguese Atlantic coast, Cantabrian Fringe, and Eastern Mediterranean coast) were not biologically different between each other. In contrast, all of them were different from Italian samples from the same period. Regarding the Early- and Middle-Neolithic samples, the results show that there were significant differences between some of them. For example, the sample related to the Sepulcres de Fossa culture in the coastal and pre-coastal valleys from Catalonia, significantly diverged from the same period’s sample from the Solsonian region and Andorra (in the Catalan Pyrenees). These two groups diverged both in the geographical dispersion and the funerary practices. Moreover, both of them presented similar affinity values in relation to Early- and Middle-Neolithic samples from Navarre, in the Upper Ebro Valley. In addition, when the samples were compared to Farmer groups from Southern France, the results showed that while those samples from the Provence and Rhône Valley did not present differences with any of the Iberian samples, those from inland areas near the Pyreneans differed from the Navarrean and Sepulcres de Fossa groups. On the other hand, during the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age the differences between samples from the different areas of the Peninsula decreased, and in the Bronze Age there were no observable biological differences between the groups. Finally, in regards to the relationship between Hunter-Gatherer and Farmer populations in the Iberian Peninsula, the current results show that this was heterogeneous. The Neolithic samples that biologically were closer to the Hunter-Gatherers were those from the Upper Ebro valley, while the samples from the Pyrenean and Mediterranean areas diverge in different directions from them. During the Chalcolithic the samples resembled more to the Hunter-Gatherers than in previous periods, and the Bronze Age population showed strong affinities to the Upper-Palaeolithic and Mesolithic sample. Hence, the process of Neolithisation was heterogeneous, with different impacts of incoming populations in the various areas of the Peninsula. Furthermore, the results indicate that the influx migh have two different origins, the Mediterranean coast and through the Pyreneans.

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Lloyd-Jones, Jeffrey Llewellyn. "The biological affinities of several Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon populations as shown by dental morphology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1381/.

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The aim of the research presented in this thesis is to test the applicability of some of the techniques of dental anthropology to begin to provide answers to certain questions facing British archaeology. The question directly confronted in this thesis is how the change in fifth century Britain, manifested by a change in cultural material from archaeological sites, came to pass. The transition from the Romano-British period to the Anglo-Saxon period in the country now known as England is often assumed to have occurred as a result of invasions from people known as Angles, Saxons and Jutes. A common belief is that these Continental invaders wiped out the local population. The resultant replacement of the earlier culture with a 'Germanic' culture is due to these invasions. The competing hypothesis is that of biological continuity with cultural replacement. Either of these hypotheses can be supported when one examines only cultural aspects of the populations. Pottery, clothing, building and burial styles, as well as the history of the English language, have all been used to support versions of both hypotheses. It is at least theoretically possible for all of these cultural trappings to change without any biological contribution from an outside source. To ascertain which hypothesis more accurately describes the events of the fifth century in Britain, one must first know how the populations from the later period are related to those from the earlier period. To do that, one must assess the biological profiles of each population and compare them. The remains of a total of 799 people from seven sites dated to the Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon periods are evaluated using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology Scoring method. Six of the sites were chosen in pairs, one from the Romano-British period and one from the Anglo-Saxon period in each pair, in order to test for continuity or discontinuity across time. The site pairs were spread across Southern England to test for changes across geography. Several statistical methods are used to explore the data. The results of two different distance measures show that people buried in Anglo-Saxon sites are closely related to people buried in nearby Romano-British sites. These results clearly support the hypothesis of biological continuity in the face of cultural change.

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Huffman, Michaela. "Biological Variation in South American Populations using Dental Non-Metric Traits: Assessment of Isolation by Time and Distance." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407958702.

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Di, Hipolito Vinicius. "Interação e eficiencia de sistemas adesivos contendo nanoparticulas na união a dentina." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288161.

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Orientador: Mario Fernando de Goes
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de partículas inorgânicas incorporadas em adesivos sobre a resistência de união (RU) e morfologia da interação com a dentina. O esmalte oclusal de molares humanos foi removido e cada dente seccionado em quatro partes, com o auxílio de disco dupla face de diamante, montado em baixa rotação. A dentina média exposta dos dentes foi regularizada com lixa granulação 600. Todas as superfícies de dentina foram condicionadas (ácido fosfórico 35% - 15s) e cada quarto do dente tratado com um dos seguintes adesivos: Adper Single Bond (SB-3M/ESPE - sem carga), Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2-3M/ESPE - silica coloidal, 5nm Ø), Prime & Bond NT (NTDentsply - silica coloidal, 7-40nm Ø) e OptiBond Solo (OS-Kerr Corp - aluminoborosilicate de bário, 400nm Ø). Um bloco de resina composta (Filtek Z350 3M/ESPE) foi construído sobre cada superfície tratada. Após armazenagem por 24horas em água destilada, cada conjunto dente/restauração foi seccionado nos eixos X e Y para obter espécimes em forma de palito, contendo 1mm2 de área de secção transversal. A RU foi determinada em máquina de ensaio universal (Instron 4411), a uma velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Os valores de RU foram submetidos à ANOVA e teste Tukey (?=0,05), e os padrões de fratura classificados em quatro categorias: Tipo I - fratura coesiva no adesivo, Tipo II - fratura coesiva na dentina, Tipo III - fratura coesiva na camada híbrida, Tipo IV - fratura mista: coesiva no adesivo e na camada híbrida. Vinte oito dentes adicionais foram usados para a análise morfológica em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV - 16 dentes) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (TEM - 12 dentes). As superfícies de 32 discos de dentina (1,5mm de espessura) foram tratadas com cada um dos adesivos e unidas, aos pares, usando uma resina de baixa viscosidade (Filtek Flow - 3M/ESPE), para análise em SEM/EDX. Seções ultrafinas de dentina (90nm de espessura) foram obtidas de 12 dentes para o exame em TEM. O adesivo SB2 apresentou RU significativamente maior [Média (MPa) ± SD] - (42,64±11,4) que o SB (34,6±7,6), NT (28,5±7,0) e OS (33,3±5,6). Houve predominância do padrão defratura tipo IV para todos os adesivos. O SB2 revelou a mais baixa incidência do padrão de fratura tipo III. As análises em SEM/EDX e TEM mostraram uma distribuição homogênea das nanopartículas (silica) em toda a extensão da camada híbrida formada pelo SB2. Partículas inorgânicas apresentaram-se aglomeradas na embocadura dos túbulos dentinários e na porção superior da camada híbrida dos adesivos OS e NT. A presença de nanopartículas entre os espaços interfibrilares da camada híbrida formada pelo SB2 exerceu influência sobre a propriedade mecânica de resistência da união à dentina.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fillers incorporated to adhesives on bond strength (µTB) and interfacial morphology of dentin. Oclusal enamel of 5 human molars was removed and each tooth was sectioned in four parts using a low-speed saw. The medium dentin exposed was ground with Sic (600 grit). All dentin surfaces were etched (35% phosphoric acid - 15s) and each part of the tooth treated with one of the following adhesives: Adper Single Bond (SB-3M/ESPE - unfilled); Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2-3M/ESPE - colloidal silica, 5nm Ø); Prime & Bond NT (NT-Dentsply - colloidal silica, 7-40nm Ø) and OptiBond Solo (OS-Kerr Corp - barium aluminoborosilicate, 400nm Ø). Blocks of resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 - 3M/ESPE) were built on the adhesive surfaces. After 24 hour water storage, each part of the tooth was sectioned in X and Y directions to obtain 1mm2 cross-sectional area sticks. µTB were determined with an Instron at cross-speed of 0.5mm/min. µTB values were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (a=0,05). The fracture pattern was classified in: Type I- total cohesive failure in adhesive resin, Type II - total cohesive failure in dentin, Type III - total cohesive failure in the hybrid layer, Type IV - cohesive failure in adhesive resin and in the hybrid layer .Twenty eight additional teeth were used for interfacial morphological analyzes by SEM (16 teeth) and TEM (12 teeth). The surfaces of 32 dentine discs (1.5mm thick) were treated with each of the adhesives and bonded to form discpairs using a flowable resin composite (Filtek Flow -3M/ESPE) for SEM/EDX analysis. Dentin sections (90nm thick) were obtained from 12 teeth for TEM interface examination. The SB2 had significantly higher µTB values [Mean (MPa) ± SD] - (42.6±11.4) than SB (34.6±7.6), NT (28.5±7) and OS (33.33±5.64). There was prevalence of type IV failure pattern for all the adhesives and the SB2 revealed the lowest incidence of type III failure pattern. The SEM/EDX and TEM analysis showed the homogeneous distribution of nanofillers (silica) into interfibrillar spaces of the hybrid layer formed by SB2. Fillers were concentrated around patent tubular orifices and at the upper part of the hybrid zone for OS and NT adhesives. The presence of nanofillers within interfibrilar spaces suggests its importance in the improvement of the tensile bond strength at the dentin-resin interface.
Doutorado
Doutor em Materiais Dentários

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Hulme-Beaman, Ardern. "Exploring the human-mediated dispersal of commensal small mammals using dental morphology : Rattus exulans and Rattus rattus." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215116.

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A handful of rat species are among the most pervasive mammal species across the globe, primarily because of their close relationship with humans. The processes involved in this relationship, commensalism, are described in detail. Two rat species, Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans, are the focus of this thesis and their biology and taxonomy are described and discussed. Their modern distributions are the direct result of some of the earliest and most extensive human migration events in human history. The archaeology of the Pacific and Indian Oceans is described and migration vectors and spheres of interaction are identified. These possible patterns of human migration and exchange networks provide testable hypotheses that can be investigated using the subject rat species as proxies for long distance human movement. Modern and archaeological tooth samples of R. exulans and modern samples of R. rattus are analysed using geometric morphometrics. The results reveal important aspects of human migration and differences between these species' biology. R. exulans was likely to have been transported out of Island Southeast Asia at a very early date. Human colonisation of the Pacific occurred in a series of complex pulses and pauses that are clearly reflected in the R. exulans data. For the first time it is possible to demonstrate, within one dataset, the multiple origins and directions of colonisation across the Pacific. The R. rattus data provides a striking comparison, showing very different results that allude to a different level of modern gene-‐ flow and therefore a difference in behaviour and biology. The results provide a framework for comparison with future archaeological material. The results presented and hypotheses raised have immediate application to existing archaeological material and areas of interest. Further commensal species should be examined following similar lines of questioning as applied here.

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Nordlund, Anita Lange. "The development and morphology of fluoride-induced enamel lesions in rat molars." Stockholm : Kongl Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12824735.html.

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26

Kazzazi, Seyedeh Mandan. "Dental metric standards for sex estimation in archaeological populations from Iran." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31067.

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Sex estimation of skeletal remains is one of the major components of forensic identification of unknown individuals. Teeth are a potential source of information on sex and are often recovered in archaeological or forensic contexts due to their post-mortem longevity. Currently there is limited data on dental sexual dimorphism of archaeological populations from Iran. This dissertation represents the first study to provide a dental sex estimation method for Iron Age populations. The current study was conducted on the skeletal remains of 143 adults from two Iron Age populations in close temporal and geographic proximity in the Solduz Valley (West Azerbaijan Province of Iran). 2D and 3D cervical mesiodistal and buccolingual and root volume measurements of maxillary and mandibular teeth were used to investigate the degree of sexual dimorphism in permanent dentition and to assess their applicability in sex estimation. In total 1327, 457, and 480 anterior and posterior teeth were used to collect 2D cervical, 3D cervical, and root volume measurements respectively. 2D cervical measurements were taken using Hillson-Fitzgerald dental calliper and 3D measurements were collected using CT images provided by Open Research Scan Archive (ORSA) - Penn Museum. 3D models of the teeth were created using manual segmentation in the Amira 6.01 software package. Since tooth density largely differs from crown to apex, root segmentation required two threshold levels: the segmentation of the root from the jaw and the segmentation of the crown from the root. Thresholds used for root segmentation were calculated using the half maximum height protocol of Spoor et al. (1993) for each skull, and thresholds used for crown segmentation were set visually for each tooth separately. Data was analysed using discriminant function analysis and posterior probabilities were calculated for all produced formulae where sex was previously assessed from morphological features of pelvis and skull. Bootstrapping was used to account for small sample sizes in the analysis. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 23. The percentage of sexual dimorphism was also used to quantify the amount of sexual dimorphism in the sample. The results showed that incisors and canines were the most sexually dimorphic teeth, providing percentages of correct sex classification between 80% and 100% depending on the measurement used. Root volume measurement was shown to be the most sexually dimorphic variable providing an accuracy of over 90% in all functions. The present study provided the first dental metric standards for sex estimation using odontometric data in Iranian archaeological populations. Dental measurements, particularly root volume measurements, were found to be of value for sex assessment and the method presented here could be a useful tool for establishing accurate demographic data from skeletal remains of the Iron Age from Iran.

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Rezapour, Mehrnoosh. "Comparison of the effects of different pulp capping materials on viability, morphology and ageing of dental pulp cells." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9236/.

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A significant amount of research has been directed towards the development of minimally invasive and/or regenerative therapeutic approaches to the maintenance of dental pulp vitality. Direct pulp capping is an example of such a therapeutic approach where the success of the treatment is largely affected by the biological characteristics of pulp capping agent. Tissue engineering approaches also include the use of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) seeded on biocompatible scaffolds to regenerate lost hard, or soft dental tissues. Such processes may require a large number of cells which can only be produced by expansion of isolated HDPCs in vitro. Under these conditions, biological characteristics of the cells may be altered and their proliferation and differentiation capacity affected as a result of biological or cellular ageing. In this study we have investigated the effects of various pulp capping agents on HDPCs. Additionally we have looked at cell ageing and explored avenues to reduce the effects of this in vitro. HDPCs isolated from extracted human third molars were exposed to pulp capping agents through serial passage in culture. Dycal exhibited highly cytotoxic effects on the HDPCs, whereas, MTA facilitated the maintenance of cell viability and appeared to encourage proliferation of HDPCs. The use of propolis, a natural product of bees that has been reported to have uses in dentistry, resulted in slightly lower cell viability in comparison to the control and MTA groups. MTA and propolis appeared to enhance the osteogenic differentiation potential of HDPCs in comparison to control as indicated by the up-regulation of BMP-2, ALP, RUNX-2 and OCN and the undetectable expression of DSPP and DMP-1. We also clearly show that the biological characteristics of HDPCs (for example viability, cell proliferation and differentiation) were altered in later passages. A decrease in viability of cells treated with propolis seen in later passages, appeared to coincide III with the up-regulation of BCN1, a marker for for autophagy. Serially passaging of HDPCs also resulted in telomere shortening as measured by a progressive decrease of telomere restriction fragment (TRF) and this may lead to replicative senescence or cell ageing. Telomere shortening might be expected as expression of the telomerase associated gene (TERT) was undetectable. Contrary to expectations, propolis appeared to cause the greatest shortening of telomere length. Addition of the oligonucleotide “Telome 3”, which was designed to facilitate exogenous priming of telomeric DNA synthesis, to serially passaged HDPCs maintained high cell-viability throughout. Additionally, TRF measurements suggested that “Telome 3” may indeed aid in the maintenance of telomere length in serially passaged HDPCs. These data suggest that within the constraints of this in vitro model, the viability, proliferation and differentiation of HDPCs are largely affected by the cell passage number and also the type and concentration of the pulp capping agent used.

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McClelland, John Alan. "Refining the resolution of biological distance studies based on the analysis of dental morphology: Detecting subpopulations at Grasshopper Pueblo." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280433.

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The study of variation in dental morphology has long been an accepted method of assessing biological distance between human populations. Recently, greater emphasis has been placed on detecting biological differences within populations. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine if a refined method of dental morphological analysis is capable of detecting the presence of population subsets. A large collection of skeletal remains from Grasshopper Pueblo in east-central Arizona is the subject of the study. The pueblo was occupied from A.D. 1275 to 1400. Previously, researchers have demonstrated through the application of archaeological and chemical isotope evidence that there were population subsets at Grasshopper that had differing geographic origins within the region. Therefore, the efficacy of intrasite biodistance based on analysis of dental morphology may be tested against this independent source of information regarding population subdivisions. The principal refinement in method involves the measurement of tooth crown components through the use of digital imaging. More than 600 specimens were examined and a full suite of nonmetric and metric traits were recorded. Intra- and interobserver tests were conducted and some traits were excluded from further analyses because of questionable reliability. Replicability of the digital image measurements is encouraging. In general, univariate comparisons of trait frequencies among suspected population subdivisions were not conclusive. Multivariate analysis, using Gower's general coefficient of similarity with subsequent cluster analysis, proved more successful. The spatial distributions of the adult population subdivisions that are suggested by the chemical isotope study and this dental biodistance study are similar. This result tends to confirm the efficacy of dental morphology as a tool for intrasite biodistance investigation. The spatial patterns formed by cluster analysis of juveniles differ substantially from the adult patterns. Furthermore, the use of tooth crown component measurements proved more effective at detecting population subdivisions than the use of standard ordinal traits.

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Guerisoli, Laise Daniela Carrasco. "Clareamento dental interno: efeito de diferentes sistemas na microdureza e micromorfologia superficial da dentina bovina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58133/tde-31032008-160610/.

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Este estudo teve como objetivos: 01.Avaliar ex vivo o efeito de diferentes sistemas clareadores na microdureza dentinária em dentes bovinos submetidos ao clareamento dental interno. 02.Avaliar ex vivo o efeito de diferentes sistemas clareadores na morfologia superficial da dentina bovina. Fragmentos de 4 x 4mm, contendo esmalte e dentina, foram obtidos de coroas de incisivos bovinos extraídos. Os espécimes foram submetidos ao clareamento dental interno com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% e peróxido de carbamida a 37% utilizando sistemas convencionais (Opalescence Endo® and Whiteness Super Endo®) e fotoativados (Opalescence Xtra® and Whiteness HP Maxx®). Os controles foram tratados com perborato de sódio misturado com peróxido de hidrogênio a 10% ou nenhum tratamento foi realizado. A microdureza dentinária foi mensurada antes e após os tratamentos clareadores, e os valores de dureza Knoop (KHN) foram submetidos à análise estatística (two-way ANOVA, Tukey\'s port-test). Os espécimes foram observados e fotografados sob microscópio eletrônico de varredura e avaliados com relação às alterações morfológicas da superfície da dentina. Houve uma redução significante na microdureza dentinária para todos os grupos testados quando comparados aos grupos controles. Opalescence Xtra® (-11.36 ± 8.14 KHN), Opalescence Endo® (-13.71 ± 8.02 KHN), Whiteness HP Maxx® (-15.18 ± 9.58 KHN) e Whiteness Super Endo® (-16.97 ± 6.55 KHN) foram semelhantes estatisticamente. O grupo do perborato de sódio misturado com peróxido de hidrogênio 10% (2.10 ± 8.58 KHN) e o grupo sem tratamento clareador (-2.71 ± 2.40 KHN) também foram estatisticamente semelhantes entre si. Ocorreu uma grande variação no padrão de alterações da morfologia superficial da dentina com os sistemas clareadores utilizados. Todos os produtos testados apresentaram redução significativa da microdureza dentinária, exceto o grupo de perborato de sódio misturado com peróxido de hidrogênio a 10%. Ambos, pH e oxidação do peróxido de hidrogênio apresentam o papel de alterar a estrutura da dentina durante o clareamento interno. A utilização de produtos alcalinos com um tempo reduzido de aplicação (técnicas fotoativadas) pode diminuir as alterações morfológicas na dentina.
The aim of this study was: 01. To evaluate in vitro the effect of different in-office bleaching systems on the surface morphology of bovine dentin. 02. To evaluate ex vivo the effect of different bleaching systems on the microhardness of bovine dentine. Tooth fragments measuring 4 x 4mm, containing enamel and dentin, were obtained from the crowns of extracted bovine incisors. Samples were submitted to simulated intracoronal bleaching techniques with 35% hydrogen peroxide and 37% carbamide peroxide using conventional (Opalescence Endo® and Whiteness Super Endo®) and light activated systems (Opalescence Xtra® and Whiteness HP Maxx®). Controls were treated either with sodium perborate mixed with 10% hydrogen peroxide or no bleaching agent. Dentine microhardness values were measured before and after bleaching procedures, recorded as KHN (Knoop Hardness Number), and the differences between them analyzed (two-way ANOVA, Tukey\'s port-test). The samples were observed under SEM and the recorded images were evaluated for topographic alterations. Significant reductions of dentine microhardness were observed for all treatments when compared to the control groups. Opalescence Xtra® (-11.36 ± 8.14 KHN), Opalescence Endo® (-13.71 ± 8.02 KHN), Whiteness HP Maxx® (-15.18 ± 9.58 KHN) and Whiteness Super Endo® (- 16.97 ± 6.55 KHN) presented similar differences. The walking bleach technique (2.10 ± 8.58 KHN) and the untreated groups (-2.71 ± 2.40 KHN) were statistically alike.The ultrastructural alterations of dentin observed in this study varied greatly between groups, according to the products used. Apparently, higher pH products associated to in-office techniques yielded to better maintenance of dentin ultrastructure. The in-office products tested in the present study caused a significant reduction in dentine microhardness. The walking bleach technique did not affect dentine microhardness. Both low pH and hydrogen peroxide oxidation play a role in altering the ultrastructure of dentin during internal dental bleaching. The use of alkaline products with reduced time of application (in-office techniques) may decrease such morphological alterations.

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VERLANGIERI, ELEONORA J. "Estudo in vitro do efeito do laser Nd:YAG e Er:YAG sobre o esmalte dental humano atraves de microscopia eletronica de varredura." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10953.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo

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31

Edgar, Heather Joy Hecht. "Biological Distance and the African American Dentition." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039193040.

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Nunes, Marcos Felipe. "ESTUDO DAS DIMENSÕES TRANSVERSAIS DOS ARCOS DENTAIS MANDIBULARES EM INDIVÍDUOS COM DIFERENTES PADRÕES FACIAIS." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2012. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1207.

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This study evaluated the transverse dimensions of the mandibular dental arches in individuals with different facial patterns. The sample was made up by right lateral cephalograms and dental casts of 33 Caucasian individuals of both sexes, aged between 13 and 25 years in the stage of permanent dentition. The Facial Pattern was obtained through a subjective facial analysis on frontal and profile photographs of 1.500 orthodontic documentations, using the cephalometric analysis by means of ANB angle to define the Skeletal Pattern, which should agree with the Angle malocclusion classification. The sample was divided into three groups: Group 1 - Pattern I, Class I of Angleand ANB 2.0o (±0.5o); Group 2 - Pattern II, Class II division 1 of Angle and ANB≥ 4.0o, and Group III Pattern III, Class III of Angle and ANB≥ - 4.5o. Transversal arch dimensions were measured after 3D digitizing (Scanning Dental Wings) of the cast models, from which were set the transverse distances intercanine, inter-first premolars, inter-second premolars, and inter-first molar mesial and distal cusps, inter-second molar mesial and distal cusps, by using the software Geomagic Studio® 12. The mean values and standard deviation of the transverse dimensions were obtained and to compare the three groups, an analysis of variance and Tukey s post-hoc test were applied.For all statistical tests, the significance level was set at 5% (p<0.05). A statistical difference was detected for 2 of the 14 transverse dimensions evaluated in the maxillary arch in the mesial region of the second molar (p=0.024), and in the mandibular arch, in the distal region of the first molar (p=0.047). The mandibular dental arches were similar for the three studied groups.
O presente estudo avaliou as dimensões transversais dos arcos dentais mandibulares em indivíduos com diferentes padrões faciais. A amostra foi constituída por telerradiografias em norma lateral direita e modelos em gesso de 33 indivíduos, leucodermas, em ambos os sexos, com idade entre 13 e 25 anos, na fase de dentição permanente. O Padrão Facial foi obtido pela análise facial subjetiva em fotografias frontal e de perfil de 1500 documentações ortodonticas, foi utilizada análise cefalométrica por meio do ângulo ANB para confirmar o padrão esquelético, o qual deveria coincidir com a classificação de maloclusão de Angle. A amostra foi dividida em três grupos: Grupo I Padrão I, Classe I de Angle e ANB 2,0 o ±0,5o; Grupo II Padrão II, Classe II divisão 1 de Angle e ANB ≥ 4,0, e Grupo III Padrão III, Classe III de Angle e ANB ≥ - 4,5o. As dimensões transversais do arco foram mensuradas após a digitalização dos modelos em gesso pelo Scanner Dental Wings (3D), a partir dos quais foram estabelecidas as distâncias transversais intercanino, inter 1º PM, inter 2º PM, inter 1º M (cúspide mesial e distal), inter 2º M (cúspide mesial e distal), com o auxílio do software Geomagic Studio® 12. As médias e desvio padrão das dimensões transversais foram obtidas, e, para comparação entre os três grupos foi utilizado a Análise de Variância e teste de Tukey. Em todos os testes estatísticos foi adotado nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Houve diferença estatística em duas dimensões transversais das 14 avaliadas no arco maxilar na região mesial do segundo molar (p=0,024) e no mandibular na região distal do primeiro molar (p=0,047). Os arcos dentais mandibulares foram semelhantes nos três grupos estudados.

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Rezende, Karla Mayra Pinto e. Carvalho. "Células-tronco da polpa e papila apical dental humanas: análise morfológica, funcional e por microfluorescência de raios X." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23132/tde-18032015-171529/.

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A proposta desse projeto de pesquisa foi analisar e caracterizar células-tronco encontradas na polpa dentária e papila apical de um mesmo doador tratadas sob as mesmas condições de cultivo utilizando abordagens que permitem analises de componentes intracelulares que nunca antes haviam sido analisados nessas células. Para tanto, populações enriquecidas pela expressão CD146, STRO-1 e CD90 foram isoladas de terceiros molares inclusos indicados para exodontia, totalizando 16 pacientes e 16 dentes. Como controles negativos, foram utilizadas as células negativas para esses marcadores. Células positivas e negativas para cada marcador foram comparadas entre si e com os resultados dos outros marcadores. Para cada um dos marcadores e respectivos controles foram realizadas analises de cinética celular, ensaios morfológicos e ensaios subcelulares utilizando microscopia de luz sincrotron. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à teste ANOVA e teste de Tukey (a=0,05) quando pertinente e/ou a análises descritivas. As células isoladas da polpa dentária e papila apical se comportaram diferentemente uma das outras. Nos ensaios de cinética celular, as células enriquecidas (positivas) apresentaram crescimento mais lento quanto comparados com as células não enriquecidas (negativas), independente do marcador em questão. Nos ensaios morfológicos, células CD 90+ da polpa dentária exibiram a menor área e menor perímetro quando comparadas com as CD 146+ e STRO-1+. A presença de compostos iônicos vistos por luz sincrotron mostraram maior fração de massa nas células positivas da polpa dentária. Dentre os elementos traços estatisticamente mais prevalentes foram o fósforo, cobre, zinco, potássio, estrôncio, cálcio e cloro, sendo este último presente na polpa e papila nos 3 marcadores estudados. Concluímos que tanto da polpa dentária quanto na papila apical de dentes humanos, há presença de células tronco multipotentes expressados pelos três marcadores e que apesar de serem obtidos do mesmo dente e doador e cultivados de forma iguais ela tem comportamentos diferentes. As alterações bioquímicas celulares estudadas pelos elementos traços em células separadas por diferentes marcadores foi o primeiro passo para possibilitar os conhecimentos mecanicistas vitais celulares que não são observadas em microscopia padrão. Porém, novos estudos como permitir a visualização da localização espacial de biomarcadores espectrais caracterizados, pode ajudar a consolidar os resultados aqui encontrados. Assim, a análise e classificação desse método de estudo pode ser refinado em pesquisas futuras, incluindo no uso de outros tipos de tecidos dentais para caracterizar as células tronco dentais.
The purpose of this research project was to analyze and characterize stem cells found in dental pulp and apical papilla from the same donor treated under the same culture conditions using approaches that allow analysis of intracellular components that had never before been analyzed in these cells. Therefore, populations enriched for CD146 expression, STRO-1 and CD90 were isolated from third molars indicated for extraction, totaling 16 patients and 16 teeth. As negative controls, cells negative for these markers were used. Positive and negative cells for each marker were compared and the results of other markers. For each of the markers and their controls were carried out analysis of cell kinetics, morphological tests and subcellular assays using synchrotron light microscopy. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey\'s test (a = 0.05) where relevant and / or descriptive analyzes. Cells isolated from the apical papilla and dental pulp behaved differently from each other. In cell kinetics assays, enriched cells (positive) showed slower growth as compared with non-enriched cells (negative), regardless of the marker in question. In morphological studies, CD 90+ cells in the dental pulp exhibited a smaller area and lower perimeter compared to CD 146+ and STRO-1 +. The presence of ionic compounds seen by synchrotron light showed higher mass fraction of positive cells in the dental pulp. Among the most prevalent statistical trace elements are phosphorous, copper, zinc, potassium, strontium, calcium and chlorine, the latter being present in the pulp, and the papilla 3 markers studied. We conclude that both the dental pulp as the apical papilla of human teeth, there is presence of multipotent stem cells expressed the three markers and that although they are obtained from the same tooth and donor and grown in the same way it has different behaviors. The biochemical cellular changes studied by trace elements in separate cells with different markers was the first step to allow mechanistic cellular vital knowledge that is not observed in standard microscopy. However, new studies as to visualize the spatial location characterized spectral biomarkers can help consolidate the present results. Thus, the analysis and classification of the study method can be refined in future research including the use of other types of dental tissues to characterize the dental stem cell.

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Liuti, Tiziana. "Morphological assessment of paranasal sinuses and teeth in the horse." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33192.

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Sinonasal and dental diseases can be a serious disorder in horses due to the persistence of the former and the common extension of the latter to the supporting bones of the skull. The diagnosis of equine sinonasal and dental disease can be challenging due to the complexity of these and adjacent anatomical structures, and therefore the use of advanced imaging, including computed tomography (CT) has greatly increased recently. A major aim of this study was to improve the morphological characterization of the sinuses and cheek teeth in normal horses of different ages. These studies defined the volumes of the 7 different sinus compartments; showed that the volume of the different compartments increase with age; that in contrast to accepted findings, the Triadan 09 alveoli is located in the caudal maxillary sinus (CMS) in 13% of the youngest group and the Triadan 10 alveoli is fully within the rostral maxillary sinus (RMS) in 53% of cases. The infraorbital canal was found to be susceptible to apical infection-related damage in horses < 2 years of age (< 2 y.o.) due to the intimate relationship of this canal and the medial aspect of the maxillary cheek teeth alveoli. The mean positions of the clinical crowns and apices of the maxillary Triadan 11s were 2.48 cm (adjusted 5.2% of head height) and 2.83 cm (adjusted 6.2% of head height) more rostral, respectively in horses >16 y.o. compared to horses < 6 y.o., consistent with rostral dental drift. Measurements of dental drift could provide further objective radiographic guidelines on ageing horses by dental imaging and also help our understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of cheek teeth diastemata. This study also found that the reserve crown length decreased from a mean of 4.7 cm (adjusted 19.7% of head height) in the youngest (< 6y.o.) group of horses to a mean of 2.9 cm (adjusted 10.5% of head height) in the oldest group (>15y.o.), with the 06s and 09s having the shortest reserve crowns. These data are useful reference information for clinicians and radiologists in the diagnosis and treatment of equine sinonasal and dental disease. Morphological characterization of the ventral and dorsal conchal bullae in horses of different age using CT described the age-related difference in sizes of these structures (smaller in younger horses). In the ventral conchal bulla, this reduction in volume was probably related to protrusion of the large dental alveoli in young horses into the nasal cavity and bulla. Bullae linear measurements and volumes were also associated with head size. The anatomical position of both bullae was associated with specific maxillary cheek teeth, thus increasing the diagnostic value of conventional radiography in the investigation of bulla disease and providing landmarks for the surgical treatment of this disorder. Skull shape analyzed with the use of Procrustes statistical analysis showed landmark variability between different age groups and in particular, high landmark variability between young (< 5y.o.) and old (>16y.o.) horses and less landmark variability between adult (6-15y.o.) and old horses. Future studies could investigate changes in the equine skull in relation to genotype to characterize breed-related diseases affecting teeth and sinonasal compartments. In the second part of the study, 32 infected maxillary cheek teeth extracted from clinical cases were evaluated grossly and histologically and these pathological results were compared to the pre-extraction radiographic and CT imaging findings. This study showed a high sensitivity (97%) of CT in detecting changes in teeth affected by apical infection. In the third part of the study, 30 cheek teeth assessed as being abnormal based on oral, radiographic and CT examinations were extracted along with their alveoli from 27 cadaver heads. Gross and histological examination findings from these teeth and alveoli were compared to the pre-extraction imaging findings, again showed high sensitivity (96.4%) of CT in diagnosing cheek teeth apical infection. Additionally, CT showed a high correlation with histology in detecting dental infection related alveolar bone changes including alveolar bone lysis, sclerosis and bone thickening. This aspect of the study was also the second largest pathological study of equine apical infection published to date and thus has also improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder. In conclusion, CT was shown to be an excellent imaging modality for improving the morphological characterization of the sinuses and teeth in normal horses of different ages, and thus also improving the value of this modality in diagnosis and treatment of disease affecting sinonasal and dental structures. This study also objectively showed the high sensitivity of CT in detecting cheek teeth apical infection in horses as compared to radiography, including by assessment of alveolar bone changes. Overall, the results of this project improve morphological knowledge of the equine skull and teeth and will have direct clinical benefits by improving the diagnosis and thus the treatment of equine sinonasal and dental disease.

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Bello, Silva Marina Stella [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of dental hard tissues irradiated with ultra-short pulsed lasers : influence on surface morphology and microtensile bond strength / Marina Stella Bello Silva." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018222677/34.

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Andersson, Ki. "Aspects of locomotor evolution in the Carnivora (Mammalia)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Palaeontology group, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3543.

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In this thesis, the shape of the distal humerus trochlea is analysed using landmark-based morphometrics and multivariate methods, with the aim of exploring locomotor evolution in carnivorans. Elbow joint morphology is used together with body size and craniodental morphology to characterize past and present carnivorans. Evolutionary implications are studied at the ordinal, familial, and species levels, testing specific hypotheses about scaling, morphological constraints, evolutionary trajectories, and potential for social pack-hunting behaviour. The circumference of the distal humerus trochlea is found to be highly correlated with body mass, and appears to scale similarly throughout the order Carnivora. A general predictive model for carnivoran bodymass is presented (a=0.601; b= 2.552; r2=0.952, SEE=0.136, p<0001, n=92), which removes the need for the investigator to actively choose between the diverging estimates that different predictors and their equations often produce. At the elbow joint, manual manipulation and locomotion appear to be conflicting functions, thus suggesting mutually exclusive lifestyles involving either forelimb grappling or pursuit. At large body sizes, carnivorans are distributed over a strongly dichotomised pattern (grappling or locomotion), a pattern coinciding with the postulated threshold in predator-prey size ratio at 21.5-25 kg. This pattern is compared to that of two carnivoran faunas from the Tertiary. In the Oligocene (33.7-23.8 Myr BP), the overall pattern is remarkably similar to that observed for extant Carnivora. In the Miocene (23.8-11.2 Myr BP) carnivores show a similarly dichotomised pattern as the Oligocene and Recent, although the whole pattern is shifted towards larger body sizes. This difference is suggested to be a reflection of the extraordinary species richness of browsing ungulates in the early Miocene of North America. Such an increase in prey spectrum would create a unique situation, in which large carnivores need not commit to a cursorial habitus in order to fill their nutritional requirements. Finally, the elbow joints and craniodental morphology (14 measurements) of fossil canids were examined with the aim of assessing the potential for pack-hunting in fossil canids. It is clear that small and large members of the Recent Caninae share similar craniodental morphologies. However, this pattern is not present in Borophaginae and Hesperocyoninae. In the latter, large representatives are characterized by being short-faced, with reduced anterior premolars and enlarged posterior premolars, thus approaching a “pantherine-like” craniodental configuration. These traits are interpreted as an adaptation for killing prey with canine bites. It is similarly determined that, unlike recent Caninae, all analyzed species of borophagines and hesperocyonines have retained the ability to supinate their forearms. It is therefore likely that manual manipulation was part of their hunting behaviour, thus removing an essential part of the argument for social pack-hunting in these forms, as the benefits of such a strategy become less obvious.

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KATO, ILKA T. "Estudo in vitro dos efeitos promovidos pelo laser de diodo em 960 nm no esmalte dental humano: analise de temperatura, analise morfologica e avaliacao da resistencia a desmineralizacao." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11211.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Pilloud, Marin Anna. "Community Structure at Neolithic Çatalhöyük: Biological Distance Analysis of Houshehold, Neighborhood, and Settlement." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253574143.

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LUZI, ELISA. "Morphological and morphometric variations in Middle and Late Pleistocene Microtus arvalis and Microtus agrestis populations: chronological insight, evolutionary trends and palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental inferences." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488309.

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For this PhD thesis, Middle and Late Pleistocene populations of M. arvalis and M. agrestis coming from 13 sites of the Iberian Peninsula,14 sites of the Italian Peninsula, nine of the Carpathian Basin, three of Croatia and two of Belgium were analysed from a morphological and morphometric point of view, in order to underlie similarities and differences among them, possible common patterns of evolution and the influence of climatic and environmental conditions on their variations. Comparing samples from different chronologies and different geographic provenance, it was possible to refine the chronological attributions of palaeontological and archaeological sites of the Mediterranean region and to identify divergent lineages, early signs of speciation, immigration events and displacement of populations. Furthermore, we propose the use of a new index, Lagr/Larv, to quantify the variations in size of M. agrestis and M. arvalis in relation to each other. This index proved to be an excellent indicator of the general humidity level and allow to detect oscillations and variations in the environmental conditions in the surroundings of a given sites.
Para esta tesis doctoral, las poblaciones de M. arvalis y M. agrestis del Pleistoceno Medio y Superior procedentes de 13 yacimientos de la Península Ibérica, 14 de la Península Italiana, nueve de la Cuenca de los Cárpatos, tres de Croacia y dos de Bélgica han sido analizadas desde una perspectiva morfológica y desde un punto de vista morfométrico. Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo con la finalidad de destacar las similitudes y diferencias entre las diferentes poblaciones de ambas especies, posibles patrones comunes de evolución y la influencia de las condiciones climáticas y ambientales en sus variaciones poblacionales. Comparando material de diferentes cronologías y diferente procedencia geográfica, ha sido posible refinar las atribuciones cronológicas de los yacimientos paleontológicos y arqueológicos de la región mediterránea e identificar linajes divergentes, muestras tempranas de especiación, eventos de migración y desplazamiento de poblaciones. Además, proponemos el uso de un nuevo índice, Lagr / Larv, para cuantificar las variaciones entre sí del tamaño de M. agrestis y M. arvalis. Este índice ha demostrado ser un excelente indicador del nivel general de humedad y, permite detectar oscilaciones y variaciones en las condiciones ambientales en los alrededores de un yacimiento determinado.

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Blankenship-Sefczek, Erin C. "Assessing the effects of developmental stress and the shift to agriculture on tooth crown size, cusp spacing, and accessory cusp expression in modern humans through the Patterning Cascade Model of morphogenesis." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574420596070903.

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Lamanna, Leonardo. "Necropoli alto-medievali in Lombardia orientale. Il contributo della morfologia dentaria all'indagine archeologica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425750.

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The aim of this PhD project is to test the potential of dental morphological analysis for the purposes of funerary and social archaeology. Dental nonmetric (or discrete) traits are non-pathological anatomical variants that can occur, with a certain degree of expression, in an individual. Since these phenotypic traits are assumed as having a strong genetic origin, they can be scored to obtain data about geographic provenance, ancestry and variability of a given population. Observations were thus carried out on human skeletal samples from east Lombardy, following the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). The largest samples under study were derived from two ancient sites: the necropolis of Montichiari Monte San Zeno (Brescia) and the necropolis of Fara Olivana (Bergamo), both dating to Early Middle Ages (6-7th century). A total of 152 individuals and 2016 teeth from these sites were examined, and more than 50 discrete dental traits were scored during the observation. Results show that dental morphology variation can provide us with crucial information about several aspects of past societies, such as: Control on cemeteries by kinship groups: presence/absence of particular set of discrete dental traits can suggest blood ties between individuals buried in the same necropolis. In the cemetery of Montichiari Monte San Zeno, seven individuals showing a rare trait, the two-rooted lower canine, were inhumed along a single line of burials, over more than one generation, expanding from west to east. There is hence a high probability that these seven individuals belonged to a single kinship group, able to keep control on the access to and the destination of a family funerary space over a long time. Biological distance between past populations: frequencies of dental discrete traits are known for several ancient European human groups, dating from Palaeolithic to Middle Age. These frequencies can be used to calculate the mean measure of divergence (MMD) between different samples, a value corresponding to their relative biological (genetic) distance. As instance, the low MMD value between the samples from Fara Olivana and Dorestad de Heul (Netherland) - the latter derived from a 6-7th necropolis of ancient Frisons - indicates high dental phenotypic similarity between these two populations, which can maybe be explained by the distant common Germanic origin or by genetic admixture. Post-marital residence patterns: variation in nonmetric dental traits has been examined among the groups of males and females from the cemeteries under study. The sex with the higher within-group variance is considered the more 'mobile' sex (assuming the variance as reflecting the heterogeneous phenotypic/genetic features of the 'outsiders'). In the sample from Fara Olivana female individuals show a higher within-group variance, which means that women are more mobile than men. This seems consistent with a patrilocal community, where men show stronger connections to the site, acquiring new women from outside communities, mostly by marriage. In fact, at Fara Olivana men are buried with weapons (swords, scramasax, spears, shields), indicating a cohesive community dedicated to the military control of the surroundings. Males from the necropolis of Montichiari, at the opposite, are more variable than females, thus indicating different residence patterns. This can be due to the particular role of the men from Montichiari, involved in land management and administration, maybe colons of mixed Germanic-Roman origin, derived from different places and established in the villages around Montichiari because of their specific task.
La ricerca svolta nel triennio di Dottorato ha avuto lo scopo di indagare se e in che misura l'analisi della morfologia dentaria condotta su resti umani antichi, e in particolare lo studio dei caratteri non-metrici dei denti, possa fornire informazioni utili all'indagine archeologica. I tratti non-metrici dentari sono varianti anatomiche della dentatura che, pur non comportando alcuna menomazione, si discostano dalla norma. Tali varianti hanno un'origine almeno in parte genetica: sono dunque un aspetto del fenotipo individuale che riflette il genotipo. Il metodo scelto per condurre l'osservazione è stato quello elaborato presso l'Università dell'Arizona e noto con l'acronimo ASUDAS (Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System). Il principale campione osteologico utilizzato per l'analisi è costituito dagli inumati delle necropoli di Montichiari Monte San Zeno (BS) e di Fara Olivana (BG), entrambe databili al VI-VII secolo. In totale, sono stati analizzati dal punto di vista della morfologia dentaria 152 individui e 2016 denti. L'analisi dei tratti non-metrici dei denti secondo il metodo ASU ha permesso di ottenere dati utili per la conoscenza di diversi aspetti delle società passate: Gestione dello spazio funerario da parte dei gruppi familiari: la presenza di determinati set di tratti non-metrici dentari in alcuni individui sepolti in una necropoli può indicare relazione genetiche tra essi. Di particolare interesse è stata la scoperta di ben otto individui sepolti nel cimitero a file di Montichiari, tutti caratterizzati da un tratto morfologico molto raro, il canino mandibolare con doppia radice. A corroborare questa ipotesi si aggiunge il fatto che tutti e otto gli individui risultano collocati lungo una medesima linea di tombe, sviluppata per oltre quaranta metri, dimostrando come questo gruppo familiare avesse gestito uno stesso spazio funerario, sviluppatosi in senso est-ovest, durante un periodo di tempo lungo più generazioni. Distanza biologica tra popolazioni: sono disponibili frequenze di tratti nonmetrici dentari per diverse popolazioni antiche europee, dal Paleolitico al Medioevo. Queste frequenze possono essere usate per calcolare la misura media di divergenza (MMD) tra due gruppi umani, un valore che esprime il grado di similarità genetica tra essi. Ad esempio, il campione di Fara Olivana mostra una forte affinità con il gruppo umano della necropoli di Dorestad de Heul (Paesi Bassi), databile al VI-VII secolo e attribuibile agli antichi Frisoni. Tale affinità può essere spiegata con la comune, lontana origine germanica di entrambi i campioni, o in ragione di contatti continuativi avvenuti alle soglie dell'era cristiana quando i Longobardi erano stanziati lungo l'Elba. Dinamiche di migrazione post-maritale: sulla base dei tratti dentari è stata calcolata la variabilità interna al gruppo degli uomini e a quello delle donne nei campioni di fara Olivana e Montichiari. Si ritiene che il gruppo con la maggiore variabilità interna possa considerarsi il più 'mobile', assumendo che tale variabilità rifletta le origini eterogenee dei componenti del gruppo. La comunità di Fara Olivana, caratterizzata dalla presenza di maschi armati e con spiccati caratteri 'longobardi', risulta conformarsi meglio al modello 'patrilocale', in cui gli individui femminili mostrano una variabilità genetica interna maggiore, provenendo spesso da comunità esterne ed entrando a fare parte del gruppo mediante matrimoni. La comunità di Montichiari, invece, costituita probabilmente da individui di origine germanica misti a coloni romani dediti alla gestione e alla lavorazione della terra, e nel quale sono completamente assenti armi, rientra nel modello 'matrilocale', in cui sono le donne a mostrare variabilità genetica interna minore.

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Pini, Núbia Inocencya Pavesi 1987. "In vitro and in situ evaluation of microabrasion technique on enamel microhardness and morphology = Avaliação in vitro e in situ da técnica de microabrasão sobre a microdureza e morfologia do esmalte dental." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290365.

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Orientadores: José Roberto Lovadino, Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
Texto em português e inglês
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar, in vitro, a influência dos ácidos utilizados para microabrasão e, in situ, o efeito do tempo de contato com a saliva na microdureza e morfologia do esmalte abrasionado. Metodologia: In vitro: Setenta blocos dentais bovinos foram divididos em 7 grupos (n=10). Os grupos experimentais foram tratados com aplicação ativa/passiva dos ácidos H3PO4 35% (E1/E2) ou HCl 6,6% (E3/E4); e controles, tratados com microabrasão com H3PO4+pedra-pomes (C5), HCl+silica (C6) ou nenhum tratamento (C7). In situ: Nove grupos (n=19) de blocos dentais bovinos foram divididos de acordo com o tratamento e o tempo de exposição salivar, sendo 4 grupos tratados com H3PO4+pedra-pomes, 4 com HCl+sílica e 1 grupo controle. Os grupos tratados foram subdivididos em: sem exposição salivar, 1 hora, 24 horas ou 7 dias de exposição em ambiente intrabucal. A microdureza superficial (SMH) foi avaliada antes e após a microabrasão, e após exposição salivar (in situ). A microdureza subsuperficial (CSMH - 10, 25, 50 e 75 ?m) foi analisada após a microabrasão (in vitro) e após a exposição salivar (in situ). Espécimes representativos foram selecionados para a avaliação da morfologia do esmalte por meio da microscopia confocal de varredura a laser (MCVL - in vitro) e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV - in situ). Para a análise estatística foi realizada análise de variância para medidas repetidas (Proc Mixed), e os testes de Tukey-Kramer e Dunnet (SMH) e ANOVA (parcelas subdivididas) e Tukey-Kramer (CSMH - in situ) (p<0.05). Resultados: In vitro: Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as análises pré e pós-microabrasão entre os grupos controles para SMH. Entre os grupos experimentais, a aplicação ativa demonstrou os maiores valores de SMH, sem diferença entre os ácidos, com a mesma forma de aplicação. A maioria dos grupos apresentou redução do valor de CSMH conforme aumento da profundidade, com diferenças entre os grupos com microabrasão (C5 e C6) e o C7; e entre todos os grupos experimentais e o C7. Comparando a aplicação dos ácidos, a aplicação ativa do H3PO4 (E1) mostrou maior CSMH com diferença estatística em relação ao HCl (E3). A MCVL demonstrou diferentes padrões de condicionamento para cada grupo. In situ: Para as análises de SMH, todos os grupos tratados apresentaram redução na microdureza, com diferenças em relação ao controle e a leitura inicial. Após exposição salivar, os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com HCl+sílica foi mais propenso à remineralização, já que, com 1 hora foi verificado aumento na SMH, com diferença significante em relação à análise pós-microabrasão. Apenas o tratamento com HCl+sílica foi eficiente em reestabelecer tal propriedade em relação ao controle. A análise de CSMH confirmou a maior capacidade de remineralização do esmalte tratado com HCl+sílica, uma vez que após 7 dias de exposição salivar, os valores de microdureza foram restabelecidos para as camadas mais superficiais do esmalte (10 e 25 ?m). A MEV demonstrou o efeito remineralizador da saliva para ambos os tratamentos. Conclusões: Os ácidos utilizados para microabrasão apresentaram alto poder erosivo quando aplicados individualmente. O tratamento com HCl+sílica resultou em uma superfície de esmalte mais propensa à remineralização
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of acids used in microabrasion on enamel microhardness, and, in situ, the effects of remineralizing time on enamel surface after microabrasion. Methods: In vitro: Seven groups (n=10) of enamel blocks from bovine incisors were divided in: Experimental groups treated by active/passive application of 35% H3PO4 (E1/E2) or 6.6% HCl (E3/E4); and control groups treated by microabrasion with H3PO4+pumice (C5), HCl+silica (C6), or no treatment (C7). In situ: Nine groups (n=19) of same specimens were divided in according to microabrasion and salivary exposition being 1 control (no treatment) and 4 groups with microabrasion using 35% H3PO4+pumice and 4 groups using 6.6% +silica. One group of each treatment was submitted to 4 frames of salivary exposition, being without exposition and with 1 hour, 24 hours or 7 days of presence on in situ regimen. Surface microhardness (SMH) was evaluated before and after microabrasion, and after salivary exposition (in situ). Cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) was analyzed after microabrasion (in vitro) and after salivary exposition (in situ). For confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM - in vitro) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM - in situ), representative specimens group were selected. Statistical analysis used Proc Mixed, Tukey-Kramer and Dunnet tests (SMH) e ANOVA (subdivided parcels) and Tukey-Kramer tests (CSMH - in situ) (p<0.05). Results: In vitro: For SMH, it was not found statistically differences between the control groups after treatment. Active application resulted in significantly higher microhardness results than passive application, with no difference between acids. For most groups, the CSMH decreased as the depth increased, with differences between the groups treated with microabrasion (C5 and C6) and C7; and between all of experimental groups and C7. A significantly higher mean CSMH result was obtained with active application of H3PO4 compared to HCl. CLSM revealed the conditioning pattern for each group. In situ: For SMH, the groups treated with microabrasion presented reducing in mineral content, with statistical difference in relation to the control and to the initial analysis. The treatment HCl+silica presented lower reduction and were statistically different from the treatment with H3PO4+pumice. After salivary exposition SMH results revealed that surface treated with HCl+silica was more prone to remineralizing effect of saliva, once it was verified since with 1 hour of presence in in situ regimen, with significant differences between the treatments after 7 days of salivary exposition. Just for SMH, the HCl+silica reached values obtained in control group. CSMH analysis showed that 7 days of salivary exposition were efficient in reestablish de values for the outer layers (10 e 25 ?m) of enamel treated with HCl+silica. SEM analysis presented the remineralizing effect in the course of the time. Conclusions: Acids used for enamel microabrasion presented a higher erosive action when solely applicated. Data suggested that enamel surface treated with HCl+silica presented more susceptibility for remineralizing action of saliva than that treated with phosphoric acid and pumice
Mestrado
Dentística
Mestra em Clínica Odontológica

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Ling, Yu-kong John, and 林友港. "A morphometric study of the dentition of 12 year old Chinese children in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31232681.

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Freitas, Marcela Santiago 1987. "Effect of pre-etching to enamel and dentin on bond strength and interfacial morphology of different adhesives systems = Efeito do pré-condicionamento ácido do esmalte da dentina na resistência de união e morfologia de interface de diferentes sistemas adesivos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288307.

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Orientadores: Mirela Sanae Shinohara, Mário Fernando de Góes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Estudos mostram que a resistência de união (RU) alcançada pelos sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes em superfície de esmalte pré-condicionado é significativamente maior se comparada aos valores obtidos em esmalte não condicionado. A partir destas evidências, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a RU e a morfologia da interface adesiva (MI) em esmalte e dentina de um adesivo autocondicionante de passo único multi-mode e um adesivo autocondicionante de dois passos com e sem pré-condicionamento ácido da superfície comparado a dois sistemas adesivos de condicionamento total, de dois e três passos. Terceiros molares humanos recém-extraídos foram seccionados para obtenção de superfícies planas em esmalte e dentina, as quais foram desgastadas com lixa SiC #600 para padronização da smear layer. Estas amostras foram divididas aleatoriamente em 6 grupos: (SBU) Scotchbond Universal; (SBUcond) SBU précondicionado; (CSE) Clearfil SE Bond; (CSEcond) CSE pré-condicionado; (SBMP) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; e (EX) Excite F. Os grupos de condicionamento total e os autocondicionantes a serem avaliados com pré-condicionamento receberam a aplicação do ácido fosfórico por 15s em dentina e 30s em esmalte. Todos os sistemas adesivos foram aplicados de acordo com as recomendações dos fabricantes. Em seguida, um bloco de resina composta (Filtek Supreme Plus) foi construído incrementalmente sobre cada superfície preparada para o teste de RU, e para a MI, as superfícies foram restauradas com resina flow (Filtek Z-350 Flowable Restorative) formando um "sanduíche", de esmalte ou dentina. Após 24h, para avaliação da RU, as amostras foram seccionadas em palitos com área transversal de 0,8mm2 e submetidos ao teste de microtração com velocidade de 1,0mm/min. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes one-way ANOVA e Fisher's PLSD (?=0.05) e os padrões de fratura analisados em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Para análise da MI, duas amostras de cada grupo foram incluídas em resina epóxica, polidas e observadas em MEV. Para esmalte, os resultados de RU mostraram que o SBUcond e CSEcond obtiveram os maiores valores, seguidos dos grupos SBMP, SBU e CSE que não apresentaram diferenças entre si. O grupo EX obteve os menores valores comparados aos outros grupos. Na análise da MI, os grupos SBUcond e CSEcond apresentaram nítidas extensões do adesivo penetrado no esmalte desmineralizado, semelhante aos sistemas de condicionamento total. Já para dentina, os resultados de RU mostraram que o condicionamento ácido prévio diminuiu significativamente os valores de RU dos sistemas autocondicionantes. Os maiores valores foram obtidos pelo SBU, CSE e SBMP, com valores de RU estatisticamente equivalentes entre si. Como em esmalte, o sistema adesivo EX obteve os menores valores. A análise em MEV da MI mostrou que o condicionamento prévio da dentina com adesivos autocondicionantes forma uma camada híbrida mais espessa com formação de tags resinosos, semelhantes aos sistemas adesivos de condicionamento total. Pode-se concluir que em esmalte, o condicionamento prévio aumentou significativamente os valores de RU para os sistemas autocondicionantes. Contudo, estes sistemas adesivos não apresentaram diferença estatística do adesivo convencional SBMP. E para dentina, o pré-condicionamento dos adesivos autocondicionantes diminuiu significativamente os valores de RU, entretanto, os valores de SBUcond não foram diferentes significativamente dos obtidos pelo sistema adesivo convencional SBMP
Abstract: Studies show that the bond strength (BS) achieved by self-etching adhesive systems on pre-etched enamel surface is significantly higher compared with the values obtained on unetched enamel. From this evidence, this study aimed to assess the BS and morphology of the adhesive interface (AI) on enamel and dentin of a one-step self-etching adhesive multi-mode and a two-step selfetching adhesive with and without pre-etching of surface compared with two totaletching adhesive systems, two and three steps. Recently extracted human third molars were sectioned to obtain flat surfaces in enamel and dentin, which were ground with #600 SiC sandpaper to standardize the smear layer. These samples were randomly assigned into 6 groups: (SBU) Scotchbond Universal; (SBU-et) SBU pre-etched; (CSE), Clearfil SE Bond, (CSE-et) CSE pre-etched; (SBMP) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, and (EX) Excite F. The groups total-etching and selfetching to be evaluated with pre-etching received the application of phosphoric acid for 15s in dentin and 30s in enamel. All adhesive systems were applied according to manufacturers' recommendations. Then, a block of composite resin (Filtek Supreme Plus) was constructed incrementally on each surface prepared for BS testing. For AI, the areas were filled with flowable resin (Filtek Flowable Restorative Z-350) forming a "sandwich" of enamel or dentin. After 24 hours, to review the BS, the specimens were sectioned into sticks with cross-sectional area of 0.8mm² and submitted to microtensile test at a speed of 1.0mm/min. The results were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and Fisher's PLSD (?=0.05) and fracture patterns were analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For analysis of AI, two samples from each group were embedded in epoxy resin, polished and observed through SEM. For enamel, the results of BS showed that SBU-et and CSE-et obtained the highest values, followed by SBMP groups, SBU and CSE with no differences among them. The EX group obtained the lowest values of all other groups. In the analysis of AI, and CSE-et and SBU-et groups showed sharp tag extensions of the adhesive penetrated in the demineralized enamel, similar to total-etching systems. As for dentin, BS results showed that acid etching significantly reduced the BS values of self-etching systems. The highest values were obtained by the SBU, CSE and SBMP with BS values statistically equivalent to each other. As in enamel, the adhesive system EX obtained the lowest values. SEM analysis showed that BS for pre-etched dentin with selfetching adhesive forms a thicker hybrid layer with resin tags formation, similar to total-etching adhesive systems. It can be concluded that on enamel, the preetching significantly increased BS for self-etching systems. However, these adhesive systems showed no statistical difference from conventional adhesive SBMP. And to dentin, pre-etching of sel-etching adhesives significantly reduced BS, however, SBU-et values were not significantly different from those obtained by the conventional adhesive system SBMP
Mestrado
Dentística
Mestra em Materiais Dentários

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Lucas, Barbara de Lima 1983. "Evaluation of nutritional anthropometric patterns and characteristics of masticatory system = occlusal and craniofacial morphology, temporomandibular disorders, bite force and salivary biomarkers = Avaliação dos padrões antropométricos nutricionais e das características do sistema mastigatório: morfologia oclusal e craniofacial, disfunção temporomandibular, força de mordida e biomarcadores salivares." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287970.

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Orientadores: Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião, Paula Midori Castelo
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Este estudo buscou identificar as possíveis relações dos padrões antropométricos nutricionais com as caracrerísticas morfológicas e funcionais do sistema mastigatório e níveis de biomarcadores salivares. Três estudos foram conduzidos, apresentados na forma de capítulos. As amostras foram compostas por sujeitos saudáveis, com idade entre 15 e 30 anos. Capítulo 1: Objetivou comparar a antropometria e a composição corporal e verificar se o padrão antropométrico nutricional estaria associado à disfunção temporomandibular (DTM). Foram avaliados 110 mulheres e 60 homens distribuídos em grupos controle, desordem muscular (MD) ou deslocamento de disco (DD), de acordo com o Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). As medidas antropométricas foram peso, altura e perímetros da cintura, abdomen e quadril. A composição corporal foi avaliada por meio da porcentagem de gordura corporal (BF%), e das massas adiposa, óssea, muscular e residual. A intensidade da dor (CPI) e os sintomas físicos não específicos incluíndo dor facial (NSPSP) foram considerados. Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify possible associations of nutritional anthropometric patterns with morphologic and functional characteristics of the masticatory system as well as with salivary biomarkers. Three studies were developed and reported in three chapters. Samples consisted of health subjects aged between 15 and 30 years. Chapter 1: To compare body characteristics and composition and to verify if nutritional anthropometric patterns are associated with temoromandibular dysfunctions (TMD). 110 females and 60 males were classified into Control, Muscle disorders (MD) or Disc displacements (DD) groups according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Anthropometric measurements recorded were weight, height and perimeters of waist, abdomen and hip. Body composition was evaluated with values of body fat percentage (BF%) as well as with values of fat, muscle, bone and residual mass. Pain intensity (CPI) and nonspecific physical symptoms including facial pain (NSPSP) were considered. ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document.
Doutorado
Fisiologia Oral
Doutora em Odontologia

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Luisi, Simone Bonato. "Comportamento de células pulpares humanas expostas ao TGFβ1 a ao aFGF em cultura." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7357.

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O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar o comportamento de células pulpares humanas expostas ao TGFβ1 e ao aFGF, em cultura, nas seguintes concentrações: TGFβ1 a 1ng/mL, TGFβ1 a 5ng/mL, TGFβ1 a 1ng/mL + aFGF a 5ng/mL, TGFβ1 a 5ng/mL + aFGF a 5ng/mL e aFGF a 5ng/mL. Foi avaliada a morfologia celular, a atividade da fosfatase alcalina, através de ensaio com pNPP como substrato e a expressão das proteínas osteocalcina, sialoproteína óssea e sialofosfoproteína de dentina, através de RT-PCR. Após quatro dias, verificou-se que a média do número de nucléolos no grupo tratado com TGFβ1 a 1ng/mL foi significativamente maior que no grupo tratado com aFGF a 5ng/mL. A média da atividade da fosfatase alcalina no grupo tratado com TGFβ1 a 1ng/mL foi significativamente maior que no grupo tratado com TGFβ1 a 5ng/mL + aFGF a 5ng/mL. Foi observada a expressão de osteocalcina em todas as células pulpares humanas que proliferaram em cultura. Entretanto, no grupo em que foi utilizado o aFGF a 5ng/mL houve diminuição da expressão da osteocalcina. A exposição dos fatores não induziu a expressão de componentes da matriz de dentina tais como BSP e DSPP. Sugere-se que as células expostas ao TGFβ1 1ng/mL foram estimuladas, apresentando uma maior atividade celular e as células expostas ao aFGF 5ng/mL foram inibidas, apresentando uma menor atividade celular.
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the behavior of human dental pulp cells exposed to TGFβ1 and aFGF in culture, at the following concentrations: TGFβ1 1ng/mL, TGFβ1 5ng/mL, TGFβ1 1ng/mL + aFGF 5ng/mL, TGFβ1 5ng/mL + aFGF 5ng/mL e aFGF 5ng/mL. We assessed the cellular morphology, alkaline phosphatase activity, using pNPP as substrate, and expression of osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, dentin sialophosphoprotein proteins by RT-PCR. After four days, the nucleolus media in the group treated with TGFβ1 1ng/mL was significantly higher than the group treated with aFGF 5ng/mL The alkaline phosphatase activity in the TGFβ1 1ng/mL treated group was significantly higher than the media observed in TGFβ1 5ng/mL + aFGF 5ng/m treated group. Osteocalcin expression was observed in all human dental pulp cell cultures. However, in the aFGF 5ng/mL treated group the osteocalcin expression decreased. The exposure to growth factors did not induced the expression of dentin matrix components such as BSP or DSPP. Our data suggest that the cells exposed to TGFβ1 1ng/mL were stimulated and had a higher cell activity, and that cells exposed to aFGF 5ng/mL were inhibited having a cell activity decrease.

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Lara, Rafael Alves de [UNESP]. "Influência da superfície dentinária bovina na resistência de união de sistemas adesivos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124096.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da superfície dentinária bovina na resistência de união (RU) de dois sistemas adesivos. Em dois grupos (n = 5) o esmalte vestibular de incisivos bovinos foi removido até a exposição da camada intermediária de dentina. Nos outros dois grupos os dentes bovinos foram desgastados a partir da face lingual ultrapassando os limites da câmara pulpar expondo dessa forma a parede vestibular da câmara pulpar. Os dentes foram planificados e polidos em lixadeira rotatória com lixas nas granulações sequenciais e crescente de 120 até 600 a fim de padronizar a formação da smear layer. Os adesivos utilizados foram o Single Bond 2 (3M - ESPE) (SB2) e o ClearFill (Kuraray) (CF). Os dentes dos grupos tratados com SB2 e os tratados com CF tiveram um bloco de resina composta (TPH 3, Dentsply) construído sobre cada superfície tratada. Após armazenagem por 24 h em estufa 37 ºC, cada conjunto dente/restauração foi seccionado nos eixos X e Y (ISOMET 1000, Buehler) para obter espécimes em forma de palito, contendo 1 mm² de área de secção transversal. A RU foi obtida em teste de microtração em máquina de ensaio universal (EMIC DL-1000) utilizando-se o dispositivo de Geraldeli, a uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. As fraturas foram analisadas em estereomicroscópio e classificadas em duas categorias: Tipo I - fratura adesiva, Tipo II - fratura mista.Os valores de resistência de união (MPa) foram submetidos a análise de variância de 2 fatores e ao teste de Tukey para comparação entre os grupos, ambos com α = 0,05. Foram obtidos os seguintes valores: G1 (normal/convencional) = 43,9 ± 4,8 MPa; G2 (invertido/convencional) = 29,2 ± 5,4 MPa; G3 (normal/autocondicionante) = 13,9 ± 2,1 MPa e G4 (invertido/autocondicionante) = 12,7 ± 3,4 MPa, com significância para direção da dentina ,para os sistemas adesivos bem como para a interação dos fatores. Limitado pela metodologia do estudo pode se ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bovine dentin surface on the bond strength (BS) of two adhesive systems. In two groups (n = 5) buccal enamel of bovine incisors was removed by exposing the middle dentin. In the other two groups bovine teeth were ground from the lingual surface exposing the buccal wall of the pulp chamber. The teeth were ground flat and polished on sequentially with # 120 to 600 sandpapers in order to standardize the smear layer. The adhesives were Single Bond 2 (3M - ESPE) (SB2) and ClearFill (Kuraray) (CF). A block of composite resin (TPH 3, Dentsply) was constructed on the adhesive treated surface. After storage for 24 hours at 37 °C, each set was sectioned in X and Y (ISOMET 1000, Buehler) axes to obtain i-shaped specimens, with 1 mm² cross sectional area. The BS was obtained by mechanical microtensile testing in a universal testing (EMIC DL - 1000) using the Geraldeli's device at cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The fractures were examined under a stereomicroscope and classified into two categories: Type I - adhesive fracture, type II - mixed fracture. Data of bond strength (MPa) were submitted to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for comparison between groups, both with α = 0.05. With the average values for the groups tested as follows: G1 (normal/Conventional) = 43,9 ± 4,8 MPa, G2 (invert/conventional) = 29,2 ± 5,4 MPa; G3 (normal/self-etching) = 13,9 ± 2,1 MPa and G4 (invert/self-etching) = 12,7 ± 3,4 MPa with significance for the direction of the dentin for adhesive systems as well as for the interaction of factors. Limited by the methodology of the study it can be concluded that the direction of bonding influences on the bond strength primarily in self-etching adhesives

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Kendal, Claire. "The influence of the deletion and overexpression of APP in transgenic mice on the morphology of the dentate gyrus." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340742.

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Eyre, Mark. "The effects of Morris water maze learning on the number, morphology and molecular composition of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus synapses." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272947.

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Zeltwanger, Anke [Verfasser], Karl-Friedrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Krey, Karl-Friedrich [Gutachter] Krey, and Franka [Gutachter] Stahl. "Dentale und kraniofaziale Morphologie - Ein Inter-Spezies Vergleich / Anke Zeltwanger ; Gutachter: Karl-Friedrich Krey, Franka Stahl ; Betreuer: Karl-Friedrich Krey." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231434686/34.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dental Morphology'

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