Academic literature on the topic 'Dental pins. Teeth Teeth Dental Pins. Tooth Tooth'

<p>The fracture of anterior teeth after root canal treatment is a real and multifactorial possibility. This is due to the weakening of the root due to lost of the remaining tooth added to oblique-existing occlusal forces. This fracture in addition to causing a masticatory dysfunction, will also influence the aesthetics of the patient. In prevention, one of the treatments used and widely accepted, is the use of intraradicular. These can be made of metal, carbon fiber, fiberglass and ceramics. The pins of metal and carbon fiber are very efficient but don't favor the aesthetic, as the pins fiberglass and ceramics are very resistant and favor aesthetics. Reinforcing with these biomaterials is beneficial and leads to a favorable prognosis. This study shows a case which the building could have prevented the intracanal fracture of an devitalized upper anterior tooth and makes a brief discussion about the available options for this type of rehabilitation. The use of reinforced glass fiber as reinforcement of the structure of devitalized teeth is indicated for the prevention of dental fractures. Cast ceramic cores are indicated for the insufficient coronary remaining to support the filling material.<strong></strong></p>

Introduction: In recent years, endodontic dental treatment associated with periodontal inflammation in the provision of emergency and planned dental care is not provided with the appropriate standard and quality. Clinical case: Clinical observation is done to a patient suffering from exacerbation of chronic periodontitis, who underwent restoration of 2.6 teeth with light-cured filling material 15 years ago, and intraroot pins of which are made of materials that are not approved for medical practice use. Conclusion: The use of inappropriate material in medical practice for tooth restoration gives the patient the right to seek for material and moral compensation for bodily harm.

The aim of the article is to analyze the orthopedic treatment of patients with a lack of clinical tooth crowns by means of stump pin inserts with an artificial crown presented in the archival materials from the dental clinic of Samara.
 Research methods. Health records of dental patients and the orthopaedic work orders of the Dental Clinic No. 2 of the city of Samara over the period of 20152019 were analyzed.
 Results. Of the total number of patients (142,394 people), 5370 patients underwent a stump pin insert to restore a missing tooth crown. A total of 5802 pin stump tabs were made for these patients. 524 patients (10.09%) had complications. Most complications were observed in the lateral group of patients with prosthetic teeth (62.18%). Discementation of crowns from stump pin inserts was the main complication (53.32%). Ceramic crown chipping from metal-ceramic crowns was observed in 6.46% of all complications.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Wear simulations may provide an indication of the clinical performance of pit-and-fissure sealants when associated with primary teeth as counterbody, restricting the involved variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate wear of dental materials used as pit-and-fissure sealants in contact with primary teeth. Materials and Methods: A resinous sealant (Fluroshield®) and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer®) were selected in a post-plate design, using as counterbody primary tooth pins (4 × 4 × 2 mm) at 3 and 10 N vertical load, 1 Hz frequency, 900 wear cycles in artificial saliva (n = 15). Attrition coefficient values were obtained and the material and primary tooth volumes were analyzed. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Duncan's test (P < 0.05). Results: Fluroshield® presented the highest attrition coefficient values for the 3 N but these values decreased significantly for the 10 N load. The means for volume loss (3 mm) of the different samples after the wear test were not statistically different for the materials. The volume loss values for the primary teeth were statistically different and there was an increase in volume loss with the increase of the load applied in the wear tests. Conclusions: Differences were also observed with regard to the surface deformation characteristics. The wear rates of primary tooth enamel vary according to the type of material and the load applied during mastication.

Antemortem domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) dental pathology literature is sparse. This observational descriptive study evaluated 23 client-owned pigs that while sedated/anesthetized for routine annual care had intraoral dental radiographs and an oral examination performed. Age, gender, weight, and breed for each pig were recorded. Oral examination and radiographic findings were reviewed to create a comprehensive list of dental abnormalities identified. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the data. The study population included 14 castrated males and 20 Vietnamese pot-bellied mini-pigs. The median age was 3 years (range 2-12 years), and the median weight was 39 kg (range 11-140 kg). The most common finding was missing teeth (21/23 pigs); the first premolar tooth was the most likely to be absent (64/106 missing teeth). Periodontal disease was common (20/23 pigs). Advanced stages primarily affected the first molar teeth frequently in the form of a mucogingival defect. Supernumerary roots were discovered on the maxillary canine teeth in female pigs only (10/25 teeth with supernumerary roots). The most common persistent deciduous tooth was the maxillary second incisor (15/19 persistent deciduous teeth). Non-age or gender related open apices were most likely associated with mandibular first and second incisor teeth (26/96 teeth with open apices). Tooth resorption was also identified (7/23 pigs). The study findings prove that pet pigs commonly have dental pathology; therefore, thorough oral examinations with intraoral radiographs should be included in porcine routine health care regimens.

To develop a cell-based approach to tooth regeneration, we isolated dental stem cells from tooth buds of mini pigs and culture-expanded them for about three weeks. Flow cytometry revealed that the majority of the proliferating cells were positive for stem cell surface markers, including CD105, CD29, CD44, CD71. These dental stem cells were then seeded in biodegradable agarose gel for autograft in various areas of the jaw bone. Mini pigs with tooth buds removed without transplantation of dental stem cells served as control. After one year, well differentiated tooth crown and root sheath were formed in mini pigs in the experimental group. The tooth formed by dental stem cells transplanted in alveolar bone was similar in size to original tooth crown (approximately 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm). The teeth formed by dental stem cells transplanted under the roots of the anterior teeth and in the cortical bone area were smaller. In the control group, the space where the tooth bud was extracted without cell transplantation was seen to be closed by forward movement of the posterior teeth. Histological analysis showed the structures of enamel, dentin and pulp in the regenerated tooth crown. Immunohistochemical analysis of amelogenin, type I collagen and bone sialoprotein confirmed enamel and dentin formation. Enamel and dentin structures on the regenerated tooth were also identified using scanning electron microscopy. These findings demonstrate a successful model of tooth regeneration from dental stem cells in mini pigs. In addition, local environment and available space also significantly affect the extent of tissue regeneration. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using dental stem cells for tooth regeneration in clinical applications.

Whole tooth regeneration approaches currently are limited by our inability to bioengineer full-sized, living replacement teeth. Recently, decellularized organ scaffolds have shown promise for applications in regenerative medicine by providing a natural extracellular matrix environment that promotes cell attachment and tissue-specific differentiation leading to full-sized organ regeneration. We hypothesize that decellularized tooth buds (dTBs) created from unerupted porcine tooth buds (TBs) can be used to guide reseeded dental cell differentiation to form whole bioengineered teeth, thereby providing a potential off-the-shelf scaffold for whole tooth regeneration. Porcine TBs were harvested from discarded 6-mo-old pig jaws, and decellularized by successive sodium dodecyl sulfate/Triton-X cycles. Four types of replicate implants were used in this study: 1) acellular dTBs; 2) recellularized dTBs seeded with porcine dental epithelial cells, human dental pulp cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (recell-dTBs); 3) dTBs seeded with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 (dTB-BMPs); and 4) freshly isolated nondecellularized natural TBs (nTBs). Replicate samples were implanted into the mandibles of host Yucatan mini-pigs and grown for 3 or 6 mo. Harvested mandibles with implanted TB constructs were fixed in formalin, decalcified, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and analyzed via histological methods. Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis was performed on harvested 6-mo samples prior to decalcification. All harvested constructs exhibited a high degree of cellularity. Significant production of organized dentin and enamel-like tissues was observed in dTB-recell and nTB implants, but not in dTB or dTB-BMP implants. Micro-CT analyses of 6-mo implants showed the formation of organized, bioengineered teeth of comparable size to natural teeth. To our knowledge, these results are the first to describe the potential use of dTBs for functional whole tooth regeneration.

This study evaluates dental ageing techniques for feral pigs in northern South I., New Zealand. Ages of pigs were estimated by three techniques: tooth eruption and replacement on criteria calibrated from pen-reared American-bred European wild pigs; tooth eruption, development, and wear calibrated from known-age feral pigs from the study area; and annular growth in cementum of molariform teeth. All age estimations showed strong agreement with each other and with known ages. The eruption and replacement criteria were most useful for ageing pigs less than 30 months old, whereas the other two criteria were more suited to ageing pigs more than 30 months old. All permanent teeth of New Zealand feral pigs erupted 1-2 months earlier than in European and Malayan wild pigs, and permanent premolars erupted up to 4 months earlier than in Japanese wild pigs. Earlier eruption may reflect early onset of maturity in New Zealand pigs. The clarity of annuli observed varied between animals, but generally increased with age. Pigs from unforested habitat had a higher percentage of clearly defined annuli than those from forested habitat. This may be explained by a climatic or dietary factor.

Dental lamina cysts and natal/neonatal teeth are rare findings in a neonate with the dental lamina cysts presenting as white or pink small nodules, often multiple, approximately 1 to 3mm in diameter. They are usually located on the alveolar mucosa of both maxilla and mandible and also on the midpalatine raphe; the whitish colored lamina cysts found on the alveolar mucosa can be confused clinically with neonatal teeth. Neonatal teeth are teeth found in infants within the first 30 days of life, and they present a social stigma to the parent. They have been reported to be a component of the full complement of teeth in 90-95% of cases. Apart from the social stigmata, they can also induce trauma to surrounding soft tissues and / or to the mother’s breast (Riga-Fede phenomenon). While the dental lamina cysts usually resolve spontaneously within few weeks to months, there are indications that might preclude extraction of a natal/neonatal tooth.Keywords: Dental lamina cyst, Epstein’s pearls, Mucosal cyst, natal/neonatal tooth

As the number of pet rabbits and rodents has raised lately, veterinarians have to cope with various medical conditions that affect them and especially those concerning their teeth in everyday practice. Rabbits', guinea pigs and chinchillas whole dentition and the incisors of the rest of the rodents are known as elodont teeth. Malocclusion, which is the most common dental condition seen in those animals occurs due to a combination of several factors and inappropriate diets. The owners frequently fail to recognize their pets' dental disease in time. Consequently, when they are finally presented to the vet, their condition is difficult to be treated and their life is in danger. The examination of the oral cavity should preferably be made under general anaesthesia. Radiological assessment is also essential in order to acquire valuable information about the teeth, roots and facial bones. As mentioned before, malocclusion is the most common dental problem that rabbits and small rodents experience whereas cheekteeth malocclusion is the most frequently recognized problem in guinea pigs and chinchillas. The common factors that contribute are: genetic predisposition (prognathism or brachygnathism), trauma and metabolic disorders. The symptoms vary from difficulty in mastication, bad breath, lesions of the tongue and oral mucosa to facial swelling, abscesses, fistulisation, ocular disease etc. Usually there are also symptoms regarding the animal's general health such as lack of appetite, emaciation and alternation of the feaces' composition. Treatment is both surgical and pharmaceutical. Occlusal equilibration may be accomplished by burring. If this is not possible, the extraction of all the incisors is recommended. In case of an abscess, debridement and extraction of the responsible tooth (usually affecting cheek teeth) is advised. Moreover, antibiotics and analgesics-antinflammatory drugs are of great help. The selection of the appropriate antibiotic should be based on aerobic and anaerobic culture and sensitivity, especially in case of an abscess. The most common antibiotics prescribed are enrofloxacin, Oxytetracycline, doxycycline, amicasin and metronidazole. The most common analgesics are opioids (e.g. fentanyl, buprenorphine, butorphanol) and NSAIDs (e.g. carprofen, meloxicam). Small mamals who are suffering from dental disease have to be treated very cautiously because of their being sensitive by nature. Especially rabbits and guinea pigs are very sensitive to the protracted loss of appetite. The preanaesthetic management is also critical. The complete blood count and serum biochemical analysis, especially in dehydrated and undernourished patients is imperative to be measured, as the iv administration of normal saline or dextrose serum and electrolytes is often needed. There is a positive correlation between feeding the animals on balanced diets (especially in calcium) and avoidance of dental problems. Therefore, prevention could be managed via the combination of appropriate diets and proper advising of the owners. The diet should consist of hay, straws and small quantities of cereals. The veterinarian should inform the owners about proper management of their pet, feeding and periodical examinations that should be done in order to prevent these pathological conditions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:54:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscilla Pessin Coppo.pdf: 1791694 bytes, checksum: 6f106783f17f1ac295e2e147181651cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-16<br>Os estudos clínicos de dentes desvitalizados e restaurados com pinos mostram resultados semelhantes no que diz respeito ao percentual de falhas ou insucessos, apesar de tantas variações técnicas, metodológicas e operatórias entre eles. Os insucessos são maiores quando se tratam de elementos dentais coronariamente destruídos ou comprometidos periapicalmente. Com o objetivo de identificar o efeito das variações clínicas que influenciam na longevidade do tratamento e a prevalência de descimentação de pinos, cárie marginal, fraturas radiculares e de lesões periapicais, foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva do desempenho clínico de dentes restaurados com pino de fibra de carbono. Foram avaliados 139 dentes em 75 pacientes, três anos após a data de cimentação dos pinos. Os dentes foram submetidos a tratamentos endodônticos, incluindo preparos dos condutos para pino, e tratamentos restauradores, realizados pelo mesmo endodontista e protesista, respectivamente, segundo protocolos padronizados. Através de exame clínico, radiográfico, fotográfico, laudos endodônticos e informações obtidas de prontuários, os dentes foram classificados de acordo com: grupos dentais, modalidade de tratamento endodôntico recebida, intervalo decorrido entre a última sessão endodôntica e a cimentação do pino, morfologia do pino, quantidade de remanescente dentinário coronário após preparo protético e sistema da coroa protética utilizado. Não foram constatadas descimentações de pinos, fraturas radiculares, ou cáries, e a classificação foi favorável para 99,3% (138 dentes) dos tratamentos endodônticos realizados. De acordo com os parâmetros analisados, os resultados desse estudo revelaram que as variações clínicas identificadas, consideradas desfavoráveis, não foram fatores determinantes para o insucesso, partindo-se do conjunto de procedimentos e materiais utilizados para o tratamento dos dentes desses pacientes<br>Clinical studies of devitalized teeth restored with posts show similar outcomes with regard to the percentage of faults or failures, despite many technical variations, methodological and operative between them. The failures are greater when dealing with teeth coronally destroyed or periapically compromised. The aim of this study was identify the effect of clinical variants that influence the longevity of treatment and prevalence of dislodgment of post, marginal caries, root fracture and periapical lesions was performed a retrospective analysis of clinical performance of teeth restored with carbon fiber post. 139 teeth were evaluated in 75 patients, three years after the date of cementing the posts. The teeth were root canal treatments, including preparations of the conduits to posts, and restorative treatments, performed by the same endodontist and prosthetics, respectively, according to standardized protocols. Through clinical, radiographic, photographic, endodontic reports and information obtained from medical records, the teeth were classified according to: tooth groups, type of endodontic treatment received, time span between the last endodontic session and bonded post, morphology of the post, amount of remaining dentin after crown preparation and prosthetic crown system used. There were no dislodgment of post, root fractures, or caries, and the rank was favorably for 99.3% (138 teeth) of endodontic treatment. According to these parameters, the outcomes of this study revealed that the clinical variations identified, that are considered unfavourable, were not determining for the failure, starting from the set of procedures and materials used for dental treatment of these patients

Teeth are without doubt some of the most useful structures for zoological and archaeozoological research. Their complex crown morphology renders them extremely important in taxonomic determination, since subtle differences in shape and form can exist to species level. Of the various calcified tissues present in the mammalian body, tooth enamel is also the hardest and most stable. This is extremely important for the study of fossil remains, since teeth are very resilient to many taphonomic variables. Teeth can provide many clues about an animal’s past life. They are extremely conservative in their development and growth, which progresses in a relatively well-understood chronological sequence. As a result, crown development, and tooth eruption can provide some of the most useful archaeozoological evidence for the age at death of an individual. The mouth is also the place where the initial physical and chemical breakdown of food occurs; the teeth are the means of shearing, chopping, and mastication, and as such will be affected to varying degrees by any major changes in the physical and chemical make up of ingested food. Thus, normal progressive wear on the teeth at a macroscopic level also provides a useful and widely used methodology with which to estimate the relative age at death. Tooth development is also adversely affected by a wide range of physiological factors, which can leave a number of tell-tale ‘footprints’ in the dental tissues themselves. As a result, a permanent (and chronological) record of physiological stress can be routinely reconstructed from the study of ancient teeth. All of these approaches can be used to shed further light on aspects of animal husbandry regimes in the past. This chapter deals with the pig remains excavated at Sagalassos, a Roman to Early Byzantine town in south-western Turkey. The ruins can be found approximately 7 km north of the village of Ağlasun in the province of Burdur, and 110 km to the north of Antalya. The site lies on the southern slope of the western Taurus at an altitude of between 1450 and 1600 m a.s.l., and extends over 4km2 (Waelkens 1993).

Age estimation based on the dentition of animal remains is one of the most important methods used for analysis of the demography of past as well as contemporary animal populations by zooarchaeologists and wild game biologists (Wagenknecht 1967; Silver 1969; Morris 1972; Wilson et al. 1982). By constructing age profiles from faunal remains it is possible to study hunting of wild boar and pig husbandry in past societies (Higham 1967a; Rolett &amp; Chiu 1994; Vigne et al. 2000a; Magnell 2005a). Age estimation can also be used for assessing seasonal occupation of settlements and slaughtering of pigs (Legge &amp; Rowley-Conwy 1988; Rowley-Conwy 1993, 1998; Ervynck 1997). Several contributions to this volume provide good examples of how different aspects of the past relationship between humans and pigs can be understood from estimations of age. Age estimations based on tooth development have several advantages over ageing methods based on tooth eruption and wear. Experiments with undernourished pigs have shown that the tooth development is less affected by environmental factors than tooth eruption (McCance et al. 1961). A problem with age estimation of domestic animals based on tooth eruption is that the ages at eruption are known to vary between different breeds (Habermehl 1961; Silver 1969; Reiland 1978; Bull &amp; Payne 1982). The rate of tooth wear is also variable between, and within, different populations as a result of several factors such as variation in tooth morphology, eruption, coarseness, and abrasives in the diet (Healy &amp; Ludwig 1965; Grant 1978, 1982; Deniz &amp; Payne 1982; Magnell 2005b). However, tooth development seems to vary less between different populations. In cattle, roe deer, and red deer no consistent differences between various breeds/populations or between males and females have been noted in tooth development (Brown et al. 1960: 27; Carter 2001a). An advantage with age estimation based on tooth development is that the method considers several definable stages in the formation of all molariform teeth. Because the method is based on several characteristics in the dentition it is possible to give a very accurate assessment of dental maturity and the age of a specimen.

At the start of this book it was commented that some dentists see restorative dentistry (fillings) as the treatment of dental caries. These dentists see prevention of caries as a separate issue. The authors profoundly disagree with this. The previous chapters have shown how dental caries develops and what it is, so in this chapter it is important to ask the question ‘with this knowledge in mind, what is the role of restorations (restorative dentistry) in caries control?’ Are restorations required or can the problem be solved by sealing all surfaces in the oral cavity—or at least those parts where surface irregularities (occlusal fissures, grooves, pits, etc.) may favour biofilm stagnation? Therefore, this chapter starts with a discussion of so-called fissure sealants. On occlusal surfaces, caries lesions may form at the entrance to the fissure because this complex morphology may be difficult to clean, particularly in the erupting tooth that is below the level of the arch and tends to be missed as the toothbrush swings by. Fissure sealants cover the fissures with a flowable resin or highly viscous glass ionomer cement, so that they are easier to clean. Their effectiveness has been proved in many studies. When first introduced in developed nations, all molar surfaces were recommended for sealing to avoid caries development and the need for fillings. This ‘sealing all teeth’ policy would now be totally incorrect for two reasons: ◆ Caries can be controlled by cleaning alone. ◆ Many of these surfaces will never develop lesions, and this automatic sealing approach is over treatment and not cost-effective. The indications for fissure sealing are: ◆ Active fissure caries has been diagnosed, but attempts at caries control have not arrested lesion progression. ◆ Occlusal surfaces are often highly irregular, and filled with grooves and fissures, and the patient or parent either cannot, or will not, remove plaque effectively. This is particularly important in the erupting molar. This surface is particularly at risk of lesion development and progression because permanent teeth can take 6–12 months to erupt; indeed, third molars may take several years.

Most invasive dental procedures involving removal of teeth or bone are followed by uneventful healing. However, dentists should be aware that generalized abnormalities of bone, such as osteoporosis and Paget’s dis­ease of bone, may complicate these procedures and, rarely, can lead to ongoing clinical problems. The effects of radiotherapy to the jaws and bisphosphonate treatment are well-described causes of osteonecrosis and delayed healing. Diagnosis of bone disorders often depends on integrating the results of clinical, imaging, pathological, genetic, and biochemical investigations. Although the bony skeleton is often thought of as forming just a rigid framework, it should be remembered that bone is a living, responsive tissue that plays an important role in metabolism. During development, some bones develop from a cartilaginous template and others, such as most of the craniofacial bones, form in fibrous membranes. Bone matrix is laid down by osteoblasts that are derived from the extensive meshwork of bone-lining cells that cover the bone surfaces. The bone matrix contains osteocytes that are responsive to mechanical stresses. Bone matrix is removed by osteoclasts that move over the bone sur­face, resulting in scalloped pits termed Howship’s lacunae. Bone mat­rix can be woven or lamellar in pattern. Pathologists often examine sections of bony lesions in polarized light to determine whether the pattern of the collagenous matrix is woven or lamellar, because it can be pivotal for diagnosis. It is also important for clinicians to be aware that, in order to produce a histological section of bone, the tissue must first be fixed and then demineralized to soften the matrix. When a bone biopsy is performed, the patient should be made aware that additional time will be needed to process the biopsy. Following extraction of a tooth, the socket rapidly fills with blood, which then clots. Granulation tissue, which consists of proliferating endothelial cells and fibroblasts derived from remnants of the periodontal ligament and surrounding alveolar bone, grows into the clot and organization commences. Osteoclasts begin to remodel the crestal bone and remove any small spicules of bone detached during the extraction.