Academic literature on the topic 'Dental proportions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dental proportions"
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Rokaya, D., J. Kitisubkanchana, A. Wonglamsam, P. Santiwong, T. Srithavaj, and M. Humagain. "Nepalese Esthetic Dental (NED) Proportion in Nepalese Population." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2017): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v13i3.16816.
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Background Lots of studies on maxillary anterior teeth proportions have been studied in different populations in various countries, but no studies have been conducted in Nepal on the esthetic maxillary anterior teeth proportions.Objective The study was done to investigate the maxillary anterior teeth proportions in a Nepalese population. Teeth proportions in the total population were compared with golden proportion (GP) and golden standard (GS).Method A total of 150 Nepalese subjects were divided in three facial types; broad, average and narrow group. Maxillary anterior teeth were measured from dental casts using digital calipers. The perceived width ratios of lateral to central incisor (LI/CI) and canine to lateral incisor (CN/LI), ratios of mean central incisor length to 2 central incisor widths (CIL/2CIW), and actual width to length ratios (WLRs) (%) were calculated in each facial type and compared. Mean LI/CI, CN/LI and CIL/2CIW in total population were calculated and compared with GP (0.618), and mean WLRs in the total population were compared with GS (80%). All teeth proportions were compared among three facial types. One-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to analyze the data (α = 0.05).Result The LI/CI, CN/LI, CIL/2CIW and WLRs in three facial types showed no significant difference. The LI/CI, CN/LI and CIL/2CIW in the total population were 66%, 70% and 55% respectively, and were significantly different from GP. The WLRs for CI, LI and CN in the total population were 90%, 86% and 89% respectively and significantly differed from GS. These values were considered to constitute the Nepalese Esthetic Dental (NED) proportion.Conclusion No significant difference of maxillary anterior teeth proportions were observed among three facial types. Teeth proportions in the total population significantly differed from GP and GS. We propose the NED proportion as a guideline for dental treatment in the maxillary anterior region in Nepalese populations.
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Murata, Ramiro Mendonca, and Vanessa Pardi. "Is dental caries reaching epidemic proportions in Brazil?" Nature Reviews Immunology 7, no. 4 (April 2007): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1857-c1.
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WARD, DANIEL H. "A Study of Dentists’ Preferred Maxillary Anterior Tooth Width Proportions: Comparing the Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion to Other Mathematical and Naturally Occurring Proportions." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 19, no. 6 (December 2007): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2007.00114.x.
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Brandão, Roberto Carlos Bodart, and Larissa Bustamente Capucho Brandão. "Finishing procedures in Orthodontics: dental dimensions and proportions (microesthetics)." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 5 (October 2013): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000500006.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present article is to describe procedures that can be performed to achieve excellence in orthodontic treatment finishing. The content is limited to microesthetics, which comprises the concept of ideal dental dimensions and proportions (white esthetics) and its correlation with the periodontium (pink esthetics). Standards of normality are described both in their real dimensions (dental height and width), and in those effectively perceived by the observer, the virtual dimensions. METHODS: The best scientific evidence was sought in the literature to support the clinical procedures that must guide the professional to obtain maximum esthetic quality on their treatments. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate what the other specialties in Dentistry expect from Orthodontics and, specially, what they have to offer. Clinical cases will be used to illustrate the dental movement that might maximize treatment outcome and to confront the ideal standards with the current state of the art. CONCLUSION: Treatment quality is directly related to the amount of procedures implemented by the orthodontist, associated with concepts and resources from Periodontics and Dental Prosthesis. Microesthetics cannot be seen in isolation, but rather as the key to establish a pleasant smile (miniesthetics) in addition to a harmonious face (macroesthetics) and a human being with high self-esteem (hyper-esthetics).
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Wolfart, Stefan, Helen Thormann, Sandra Freitag, and Matthias Kern. "Assessment of dental appearance following changes in incisor proportions." European Journal of Oral Sciences 113, no. 2 (April 2005): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2005.00206.x.
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Chu, Stephen J. "COMMENTARY. a study of dentists’ preferred maxillary anterior tooth width proportions: comparing the recurring esthetic dental proportion to other mathematical and naturally occurring proportions." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 19, no. 6 (December 2007): 338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2007.00115.x.
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Ju, X., D. N. Teusner, A. J. Spencer, and D. S. Brennan. "Longitudinal Changes in Proportions of Dental Services Provided by Australian Dentists, 1983 to 2010." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2016): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084416681479.
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The objective of the study was to estimate the longitudinal change over a 26-y period in the proportion of dental services provided in 10 main service provision areas by Australian dentists. A random sample of Australian dentists was surveyed approximately every 5 y, commencing 1983 to 1984. The mean proportion of dental services provided was calculated from practitioner activity logs. Mixed effects regression models estimated the longitudinal change in the proportion of services provided, by dentists’ age and birth-year cohort. Response rates across data collection waves ranged from 67% to 76%. Between 1983 to 1984 and 2009 to 2010, the mean proportion of diagnostic, preventive, and crown/bridge services provided tended to increase, and the mean proportion of restorative, oral surgery, and prosthodontic services tended to decrease. Mean proportions of endodontic and orthodontic services fluctuated. Relative to the youngest cohort (born after 1984), across cohorts of older to younger dentists, the proportions of diagnostic and preventive services increased, and restorative and prosthodontic decreased. Older cohorts provided the lowest proportions of diagnostic and preventive services (oldest cohort born before 1918: β = −32.1 ± 4.8; cohort born 1934 to 1938: β = −11.6 ± 3.2, respectively). Older cohorts provided the highest proportions of restorative and prosthodontic services (born before 1918: β = 27.3 ± 5.6; born 1919 to 1923: β = 10.5 ± 2.4, respectively). Some service area trends varied across birth-year cohorts. Endodontic service provision was declining for younger cohorts but increasing for older cohorts. Preventive service provision was increasing for younger cohorts but declining for older cohorts. This study identified trends not evident in previous time-series analysis. First, provision of restorative and oral surgery services, as a proportion of all services provided, was declining. Second, there were competing intercohort trends. These may indicate that new norms in dental education are influencing clinical decision making and that new trends in dental service provision may emerge as older dentists retire. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study identified several trends in dental service provision and indicated that not all trends were consistent across all birth-year cohorts. Findings inform dental health care policy and priorities for dental education. In addition, the identified trends have implications for the future composition of the oral health workforce.
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Aziz, Monwarul, and Md Zakir Hossain. "Validity of mathematical proportions in maxillary anterior teeth among Bangladeshi population." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 7 (February 1, 2017): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.199174.
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Objective To investigate the existence and suitability of mathematical proportions between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth in Bangladeshi population having an esthetic smile, with the aid of digital photographs and computer analysis. Place of Study The study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka. Period of Study The study was conducted from April 2016 to September 2016. Sample Selection The study samples collected from Students of Dhaka Dental College, Mirpur-14, Dhaka, Bangladesh, with age limit 18–35 years. Materials and Methods Standardized frontal images of 100 dental students of Dhaka Dental College were captured. All the images were downloaded to a personal computer, and width of each tooth was measured by the scale tool of Photoshop CS version 8.0. All the data were analyzed (through standard statistical method) using Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 20 (IBM Corp., USA). Results The golden proportion existed in 17% of the perceived width ratios of lateral incisor to central incisor and 4% of the width ratios of canine to lateral incisor in natural dentition. Sixty-six percent lateral incisors are following the golden percentage, but only 7% central incisors and 21% canines are following the golden percentage. The recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion existed in only 4% of participants. Conclusions The golden proportion, golden percentage, and the RED proportion cannot be used as constant proportions to create a harmonious proportion throughout the width of maxillary anterior teeth. The adjusted golden percentage might serve as a guideline to create harmonious proportions in maxillary anterior teeth for Bangladeshi population.
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Hasanreisoglu, Ufuk, Semih Berksun, Kerem Aras, and Ilker Arslan. "An analysis of maxillary anterior teeth: Facial and dental proportions." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 94, no. 6 (December 2005): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.10.007.
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Basnet, Bishal Babu. "A Comparison of Facial Proportions in Pleasing and Unpleasing Smile Photographs from Nepalese Population." Journal of Nepalese Prosthodontic Society 2, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnprossoc.v2i1.26829.
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Introduction: Facial proportion and dental proportions are matters of interest for dental professionals to craft a beautiful smile. In facial analyses, the role of different proportions cannot be overlooked when planning dento facial treatment. This study aims to determine the different facial proportions; smile index, lower smile index, nose width to outer inter commissural width, intercanine width to outerinter commissural width, nose width to intercanine width and outer intercommissural width to lower facial height in esthetically pleasing smile (ES) and esthetically unpleasing smile (US) groups.
Materials and methods: The frontal smiling photographs (N=152, 74 pleasing and 78 unpleasing smile) were gathered and different linear measurements were carried out using digital ruler. The facial proportions were derived and comparisons were made amongst groups and differences were examined in comparison to standard accepted proportion (such as Golden proportion).
Results: Average smile index of ES (5.899±1.201) was lower than that of US group (6.421±1.675).The golden proportion was not valid for smile indices in each group. Mean nose width to intercanine width ratio significantly differed in ES and US. The outer inter commissural width to lower facial height was not statistically significantly different from 1:1 ratio.
Conclusion: Most facial proportions in pleasing and unpleasing smiles showed no difference. The outer intercommissural width to lower facial height was found in 1:1 proportion current study with possible utilization in determining vertical dimension of occlusion.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dental proportions"
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Cabrera, Carlos Alberto Gregório. "Estudo biométrico em dentes humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25134/tde-16102008-091500/.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar as dimensões biométricas dos dentes em humanos nos sentidos mesiodistais, vestibulolinguais e ocluso/inciso-cervicais, ocupando uma amostra de modelos em gesso de 57 pacientes, sendo 31 do gênero feminino com média de idade de 15 anos e 5 meses e 26 masculino com a média de 16 anos e 6 meses. A amostra foi previamente qualificada adotando o critério das \"Seis chaves para a oclusão perfeita\" de Andrews e tiveram seus valores médios compatibilizados com os obtidos por Bolton. Dois examinadores usaram um paquímetro digital com as pontas originais (curtas) e modificadas (pontas longas). Obtidos os resultados e submetidos aos testes estatísticos foi possível concluir que: Os elementos dentários se mostraram simétricos nos arcos dentários em ambos os gêneros. As dimensões dentárias são menores no gênero feminino que no masculino, portanto quando estudadas devem ser separados. Através dos valores gerais obtidos, foi possível elaborar tabelas distinguindo-as quanto aos gêneros, valores médios das três dimensões dentárias, porcentagem de ocorrência entre estas dimensões e seus respectivos desvios padrão. Com estes valores foi possível desenvolver uma equação denominada de equação \"C\" e tabelas de percentis \"C\". Com o auxílio de ambas tornou-se possível aferir apenas uma das dimensões de um dente e encontrar as duas outras dimensões prováveis dos demais dentes dos arcos dentários.The goal of this research was to determine the biometric dimensions of human teeth, measuring the width of the mesial-distal, bucco-lingual and ocluso/ incisors-cervical. The study was of a cast model of 57 patients, 31 females with an average age of 15 years and 5 months and 26 males with an average age of 16 years and 6 months. The sample was previously qualified adopting the criteria of the six keys to normal occlusion concept, Andrews et al had their median values compatible with those of Bolton. Two examiners used a digital sliding caliper with the original tips (short) and modified tips (long). After the results were obtained and the statistical analysis was complete, it was possible to conclude:- the dental elements were shown to be symmetrical in the dental arches in both genders. The dental dimensions were smaller on the females than those of the males, therefore when studied the results for each gender must be separated. For each gender, it was possible to create a table of median values of the three dimensions, percentage occurrence between these dimensions and their respective standard deviations. With these values it was possible to develop an expression called the C equation and a \"C\" percentile table. With the aid of both it is possible to just measure one of the dimensions of a tooth and to calculate the other two probable dimensions of any tooth in the dental arches.
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Dickson, Elizabeth Marion. "Molecular identification of cariogenic micro-organisms and a possible effect of fluoridated milk on their proportions in dental plaque." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2598/.
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The effect of fluoridated milk on plaque bacteria was investigated in fourteen complete denture wearers. These subjects were randomly split into two groups, seven in the treatment only group and seven in the treatment + dentifrice rinse group. There were five treatment regimes, each of six-week duration. The subject either consumed milk once or three times a day; milk with fluoride once or three times a day; or no beverage consumption as a control. The purpose of the additional dentifrice rinse was to mimic the effects of brushing twice daily with a fluoridated toothpaste. Six enamel slabs were embedded at strategic locations on the upper denture to investigate the influence of salivary flow rate on aciduric bacteria within dental plaque. Plaque samples were obtained from each enamel slab at Weeks 1 and 6 of the experimental treatments, and subjected to microbiological analysis. Enumeration of the bacteria was carried out to obtain the total counts of plaque bacteria, the counts of S. mutans on selective MSB agar and counts of Lactobacillus spp. on selective Rogosa agar.l Statistical analysis revealed a main effect of treatment within the treatment only group for the lactobacillus counts. No beverage consumption and milk with fluoride consumed three times a day produced the lowest counts. Proportions of lactobacilli within the overall plaque bacteria were compared at the two buccal sites and one lingual site. The proportions at the buccal sites with a good salivary flow rate were lower than those that were experienced at the lingual site where there is a poor salivary flow. To investigate strain variation among clinical S. mutans isolates identified from unrelated individuals, ribotyping was employed. Analysis revealed that carriage of S. mutans genotypes was stable within an individual but that strain variability was diverse when analysed across all individuals. Longitudinal investigation revealed the possibility that S. mutans genotypes could be lost and then reappear at the same tooth site.
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Feeney, Robin N. M. "MICROTOMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND DENTAL TISSUE DISTRIBUTION IN HUMAN MOLARS." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250270343.
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Temple, Daniel Howard. "Human biological variation during the agricultural transition in prehistoric Japan." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179521050.
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Le, Luyer Mona. "Évolution dentaire dans les populations humaines de la fin du Pléistocène et du début de l’Holocène (19000 – 5500 cal. BP) : une approche intégrée des structures externe et interne des couronnes pour le Bassin aquitain et ses marges." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0003/document.
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À partir de la fin du Pléistocène, une réduction de la taille des dents humaines et une simplification morphologique ont été observées et débattues en lien avec des changements culturels et environnementaux. Suite à de nouvelles découvertes et à la révision des contextes archéologiques de certains gisements, une réévaluation de la nature des variations de plus de 1900 couronnes dentaires est proposée pour 176 individus de la fin du Paléolithique, du Mésolithique et du début du Néolithique provenant du Bassin aquitain et de ses marges. Particulièrement, les variations de la structure interne (épaisseur de l’émail, proportions des tissus dentaires, morphologie de la jonction émail-dentine) ont été évaluées de manière non invasive grâce aux méthodes d’imagerie 3D (microtomographie) et de morphométrie géométrique afin de caractériser et d’interpréter l’évolution des couronnes dentaires selon une approche intégrée. Les résultats des analyses morphométriques montrent une discontinuité entre les populations de la fin du Pléistocène et celles du début de l’Holocène. Une réduction des dimensions externes, des épaisseurs de l’émail et des proportions des tissus est mesurée entre la fin du Paléolithique et le Mésolithique, alors que des différences majeures dans les types d’usure et la distribution de l’émail sont observées entre le Mésolithique et le Néolithique. Ces données suggèrent que les modifications induites par les changements environnementaux de l’Holocène ont eu un impact plus important sur la réduction dentaire dans les populations humaines et que les changements culturels néolithiques ont surtout affecté la distribution de l’émail. Enfin, une corrélation entre le type d’usure occlusale et la distribution de l’épaisseur de l’émail a été mise en évidence et associée à des changements de régime alimentaire. En particulier, l’épaisseur de l’émail peut évoluer rapidement comme une réponse sélective aux changements fonctionnels dans la biomécanique de la masticationSince the Late Pleistocene, a reduction in size and a morphological simplification of human teeth have been observed and arguably linked to cultural and environmental changes. Following new discoveries along with the revision of key archaeological contexts, a re-assessment of the nature of crown variations on more than 1900 teeth is proposed for 176 Late Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Early Neolithic individuals from the Aquitaine Basin and its margins. In particular, a non-invasive assessment of internal tooth structure variability (enamel thickness, dental tissue proportions, enamel-dentine junction morphology) has been performed using 3D imaging methods (microtomography) and geometric morphometrics in order to characterize and interpret dental evolution from a whole crown perspective. Results from the morphometric analyses show a discontinuity between Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene populations. External dimensions, enamel thicknesses and tissue proportions are reduced in Mesolithic individuals compared to those of the Late Paleolithic, while major differences are observed in occlusal wear patterns and enamel distribution between Mesolithic and Early Neolithic samples. These data suggest that environmentally-driven modifications during the Early Holocene had a major impact on dental reduction in human populations and that Neolithic cultural changes had mostly affected enamel distribution. Finally, a correlation between occlusal wear pattern and enamel thickness distribution is observed and associated with dietary changes. In particular, enamel thickness may have rapidly evolved as a selective response to functional changes in masticatory biomechanics
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Meier, Chloe Mary Elizabeth. "Microesthetic dental analysis in parents of children with oral clefts." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4694.
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Background: Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCL/P) is a complex trait caused by genetic and environmental factors that interact producing a wide spectrum of orofacial malformations, including dental anomalies. The underlying genetic etiology that accounts for phenotypic variation in affected families is poorly understood. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to utilize shape and microesthetic analysis to characterize the maxillary anterior dentition in unaffected parents of children with NSCL/P (cases) compared to control adults with no CL/P history to identify dental morphology features that are part of the NSCL/P phenotypic spectrum and can therefore be used in refining NSCL/P phenotypes and identifying genetic risk factors. Methods: Individuals were recruited from 5 sites including Iowa, Texas, Hungary, the Philippines, and Pittsburg, PA. From a total of 3202 individuals, 420 quailified after strict selective criteria. Digital photographs from 198 cases and 222 controls were analyzed using linear metrics and 2D-coordinate landmark-based geometric morphometrics (GM) to compare dental esthetics and deviations from golden proportions." Differences in central incisor and connector height proportions were evaluated using paired T-tests. Anterior tooth shapes were examined using GM techniques. Results: Three shape differences were found to be possible predictors of genetic risk. These included shorter maxillary anterior teeth overall, square shaped lateral incisors on the left side, as well as lateral incisors and canines with long axes angled inward toward the midline on the left side. Both the case and control groups were found to be significantly different than the proposed ideal values of tooth proportions. Conclusions: Significant differences in anterior dental morphology were found between cases and controls, with controls displaying a more ideal dental morphology than cases for most evaluated measures. The identification of these distinct dental features in carriers of NSCL/P genetic risk factors further characterizes the phenotypic spectrum of NSCL/P which can enhance the power of genetic studies.
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Bender, Cristel. "Diet and the Dietary Niches of the Malagasy Subfossil Lemurs: An Analysis of Dental Microwear, Dental Proportions, and Grit Accumulation." 2017. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/115.
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The purpose of this study is to identify the currently supported diet and dietary niches of the Malagasy subfossil and extant lemurs. The study was conducted partially in Tsinjoarivo and Antananarivo, Madagascar in the summer of 2013. Samples were analyzed and microwear determined that the dietary niches were aligned with current literature. Grit accumulation occurs more frequently in disturbed habitats and on lower canopy levels, which suggests that human manipulation of environment can impact the dental microwear of living primates.
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Higileh, Yasmin Abu. "A estética do sorriso: abordagem terapêutica restauradora dos diastemas interincisivos." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6159.
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facial e a presença de anomalias dentárias como diastemas pode representar uma quebra na
harmonia e estética facial, sendo considerados muitas vezes fator desagradável. Ao fim de
corrigir este tipo de anomalia, ter conhecimento dos princípios estéticos básicos a seguir e dos
fatores etiológicos dos diastemas è imprescindível. Entre as opções terapêuticas existentes
para o encerramento dos diastemas, o tratamento restaurador com resinas compostas
representa uma alternativa viável e satisfatória e a previsualização do resultado final e a
utilização da chave de silicone a partir do enceramento diagnóstico permitem facilitar a
elaboração do plano reabilitador e obter resultados de sucesso.
Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica utilizando os motores de busca PubMed, Science
Direct e Google Scholar.In contemporary society the smile covers an important role in the context of facial aesthetics and the presence of dental anomalies as diastema, considered often unpleasant factor, may represent a break in harmony and facial aesthetics. In order to correct this type of anomaly, it is necessary to be aware of the basic aesthetic principles to follow and the etiological factors of the diastema. Among the existing therapeutic options for the diastema closure, the restorative treatment with composite resins, being considered an effective, conservative and quite long-lived method, represents a viable and satisfactory alternative. The pre-visualization of the final result and the use of the silicone key from the diagnostic waxing allow to facilitate the preparation of the rehabilitation plan, the definitive restoration execution and to obtain successful results.
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Ferreira, Joana Filipa da Silva Cadima. "A gengivectomia como ferramenta no equilíbrio das proporções dentárias : revisão narrativa a propósito de um caso clínico." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/31035.
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Na medicina dentária moderna, a estética assume um papel preponderante. Porém, é individual e subjetiva, e os parâmetros estéticos são variáveis. Na tentativa de contrariar a subjetividade estética, a medicina dentária dispõe de diferentes regras para alcançar sorrisos harmoniosos e atraentes. O sorriso é influenciado por uma tríade: dentes, lábios e gengiva que devem estar em harmonia, cujo equilíbrio é fundamental na avaliação da estética do sorriso. Na ausência desse equilíbrio podem surgir assimetrias, nomeadamente nas proporções dentárias. Se o responsável pelo desequilíbrio for gengival, o equilíbrio das proporções dentárias pode ser conseguido recorrendo à remodelação do tecido gengival com recurso a técnicas de cirurgia periodontal como a gengivectomia a bisturi ou a laser. O presente trabalho visa assim analisar os parâmetros estéticos do sorriso e perceber de que forma a gengivectomia pode auxiliar no equilíbrio das proporções dentárias.In modern dental medicine, aesthetics is fundamental. However, it is individual and subjective, and aesthetic parameters are variable. In an attempt to compare aesthetic subjectivity, dentistry has established different rules to achieve harmonious and attractive smiles. The triad which influences the smile, teeth, lips and gums must be in harmony. Its balance is fundamental in the evaluation of the smile’s aesthetics. When not achieved, asymmetries can occur, especially in dental proportions.If the imbalance is gingival, the equilibrium of dental proportions could be obtained by remodelling the gingival tissue, using periodontal surgery techniques, such as gingivectomy, scalpel or laser. The present work aims to analyse the aesthetic parameters of the smile and understand how a gingivectomy would help to balance the dental proportions.
Books on the topic "Dental proportions"
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Kidd, Edwina, and Ole Fejerskov. Essentials of Dental Caries. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738268.001.0001.
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Dental caries (tooth decay) is one of the most highly prevalent disease around the world affecting a significant proportion of the population. Dental caries may take place on any tooth surface in the oral cavity where dental plaque is allowed to develop over a period of time. Understanding its causes and progression allows the dental team to prevent and manage it so that patients can maintain healthy teeth for life. The fourth edition of Essentials of Dental Caries provides readers with an up-to-date, clinically relevant guide to dental caries. Written in an accessible style, the authors explain the biological and socioeconomic background of lesion development and progress. Current methods of clinical diagnosis and evidence based management are outlined in clearly laid out and highly illustrated chapters. This book is essential reading for students and practitioners of dentistry, dental therapy, dental hygiene, and oral health educators.
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Crerand, Canice E., David B. Sarwer, and Margaret Ryan. Cosmetic Medical and Surgical Treatments and Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0030.
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This chapter reviews the topic of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and cosmetic medical (including surgical) treatments. One of the most concerning aspects of BDD from a clinical perspective is these individuals’ pursuit of non-mental health treatments—such as surgery, dermatologic treatment, and dental treatment—for a mental health problem. The prevalence of BDD among individuals who seek cosmetic surgical and nonsurgical treatments—especially rhinoplasty—is consistently higher than BDD’s estimated prevalence in the general population. Conversely, a high proportion of persons with BDD seek aesthetic procedures to improve their perceived appearance defects. The limited literature on changes in BDD symptoms and psychosocial functioning after these treatments suggest that outcomes appear to often be poor. BDD symptom improvement is rare and, at best, temporary; there also is risk for symptom exacerbation. Provision of cosmetic treatment for BDD concerns may also involve risks for both patients and clinicians. Taken together, these findings suggest that BDD is a contraindication for cosmetic procedures. The chapter concludes with directions for future research.
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Khosrokhavar, Farhad. Jihadism in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197564967.001.0001.
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European jihadism is a multi-faceted social, political and cultural phenomenon, linked not only to the extremist behavior of a limited group but also to a broader crisis, including the lack of utopia and loss of meaning among the middle class, and the humiliation and denial of citizenship among disaffiliated young people in poor districts all over Western Europe. The family and its crisis, in many ways, have played a role in promoting jihadism, particularly in families of immigrant origin whose relationship to patriarchy was different from that of the mainstream society in Europe. Among middle-class families, the crisis of authority was a key factor for the departure of middle-class youth. At the urban level, a large proportion of jihadists come from poor and ethnically segregated districts with high levels of social deviance and the stigma attached to them. Within these poor districts, a specific subculture was built up (I call it the slum culture), which influenced young people and imposed on them a lifestyle likely to combine resentment and deviance with humiliation and denial of citizenship in a difficult relationship with mainstream society. But jihadism was also an expression of the loss of hope in the future in a globalized world among middle-class and lower-class youth. The caliphate in Syria promised the earth to these young people during its ascent between 2014 and 2015 and even after, this time as a prophet of a gloomy end times.
Book chapters on the topic "Dental proportions"
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Tylutki, Marcus, and Karl Levitt. "Mitigating Distributed Denial of Service Attacks Using a Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45248-5_1.
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Moore, Ryan M., and Raj M. Vyas. "Orthognathic Surgery." In Operative Plastic Surgery, edited by Gregory R. D. Evans, 609–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190499075.003.0058.
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Orthognathic surgery restores the facial function and aesthetics affected by skeletal and dental deformities. A comprehensive preoperative evaluation, including cephalometric analysis, is essential to correcting facial skeletal imbalance and asymmetry. Operative planning must account for maxillary-to-mandibular occlusal relationship and dental compensations, as well as facial proportions in all dimensions. Virtual surgical planning has recently emerged as a way to facilitate more precise and accurate surgical planning. Operative techniques used to correct facial skeletal and dental deformities, broadly categorized as maxillary or mandibular excess or deficiency, include the LeFort I osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, and genioplasty.
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Deery, C., and K. J. Toumba. "Diagnosis and prevention of dental caries." In Paediatric Dentistry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789277.003.0015.
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Almost all research on the process of dental caries supports the chemoparasitic theory proposed by W.D. Miller in 1890. This is now more commonly known as the acidogenic theory of caries aetiology. The main features of the caries process are as follows. 1. Fermentation of carbohydrate to organic acids by micro-organisms in plaque on the tooth surface. 2. Acid production, which lowers the pH at the enamel surface below the level (the critical pH) at which enamel will dissolve. 3. When carbohydrate is no longer available to the plaque microorganisms, the pH within plaque will rise because of the outward diffusion of acids and their metabolism and neutralization in plaque, so that remineralization of enamel can occur; 4. Dental caries progresses only when the balance between demineralization and remineralization favours the former. The realization that demineralization and remineralization are in equilibrium is key to understanding the dynamics of the carious lesion and its prevention. One of the interesting features of an initial carious lesion of the enamel is that the lesion is subsurface, i.e. most of the mineral loss occurs beneath a relatively intact enamel surface. This contrasts strongly with the histological appearance of enamel after a clean tooth surface has been exposed to acid, where the surface is etched and there is no subsurface lesion. This dissolution of the surface of enamel, or etching, is a feature of enamel erosion caused, among other things, by dietary acids. Therefore the carious process and erosion differ completely, as erosion is a surface phenomenon. The explanation for the intact surface layer in enamel caries seems to lie in diffusion dynamics: the layer of dental plaque on the tooth surface acts as a partial barrier to diffusion. Further erosion occurs at much lower pH values (pH <4) than caries. Dental plaque forms on uncleaned tooth surfaces and is readily apparent if toothbrushing is stopped for 2–3 days. Contrary to popular opinion, plaque does not consist of food debris, but is a biofilm; 70% is comprised of micro-organisms—about 100 million organisms per milligram of plaque. When plaque is young cocci predominate, but as plaque ages the proportions of filamentous organisms and veillonellae increase.
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Trinkaus, Erik, Alexandra P. Buzhilova, Maria B. Mednikova, and Maria V. Dobrovolskaya. "The Shoulders and Arms of Sunghir 1 to 3." In The People of Sunghir. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199381050.003.0015.
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The three partial skeletons from Sunghir retain substantial portions of their shoulder and arm remains, from the proximal clavicle to the distal radius and ulna. The scapulae, as with most of those from the Pleistocene, retain principally the spine, the glenoid area, the coracoid process, and the axillary border. The left forearm of Sunghir 2 is absent (as is his left hand), and the left humerus consists of a diaphyseal section without the metaphyses and a partial proximal epiphysis. It is nonetheless possible to assess both overall upper limb proportions (chapter 11) and a number of aspects that relate to upper limb asymmetry, clavicle and scapular morphology, glenohumeral proportions, diaphyseal robustness, cubital articulations, and reflections of pronation-supination hypertrophy for all three of them. Although humans are considered to be bilaterally symmetrical in their limbs, there are small degrees of asymmetry in most limb bones. These asymmetries are frequently exaggerated in the human upper limb, given our handedness and the subsequent preference for use of the dominant arm in more mechanically demanding activities (Raymond and Pontier 2004). In general, the level of asymmetry in the dimensions of epiphyses, and especially of articulations, is modest. However, substantial asymmetry in measures of upper limb diaphyses (particularly of the humerus) have been documented in samples of recent humans (e.g., Ruff and Jones 1981; Fresia et al. 1990; Trinkaus et al. 1994; Roy et al. 1994; Churchill 1994; Steele and Mays 1995; Sakaue 1997; Mays 2002; Auerbach and Ruff 2006; Cowgill 2008; Auerbach and Raxter 2008), as well as in a number of Late Pleistocene humans (e.g., Trinkaus et al. 1994; Churchill and Formicola 1997; Cowgill 2008; Shang and Trinkaus 2010; Cowgill et al. 2012b; Mednikova 2012; Volpato et al. 2012). Moreover, as is indicated by labial anterior dental striations and one individual’s forearm bones, such handedness extends back through the genus Homo (Weaver et al. 2001; Frayer et al. 2012).
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Bates, Claire, Trevor Hodge, Christopher J. Mannion, and Lachlan M. Carter. "Introduction to orthognathic surgery, the assessment of facial disproportion, and orthognathic treatment planning." In Oxford Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, edited by Lachlan M. Carter, 831–40. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682874.003.0079.
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Facial deformity associated with jaw malalignment and malocclusion can be addressed with orthognathic surgery to reposition the maxilla or mandible, or both, in combination with dental alignment with orthodontic treatment. Careful assessment of facial proportion and treatment planning allows precise repositioning of the facial skeleton and teeth to restore appearance and occlusion.
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Murji, Karim. "Racialised numerics1." In Racism, Policy and Politics. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447319573.003.0008.
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This chapter focuses on the Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) recruitment target. The BME target illustrates the policy and political manoeuvring around one of William Macpherson's key recommendations: to increase the proportion of BME police officers. An important basis for increasing the proportion of BME groups in the police is due to pressure on public policy bodies to be more inclusive and representative. This is wider than race and includes gender representation and, commonly, it is based on the proportion in a local population or nationally. The acceptance, denial, and termination of this 10-year policy target underscores the extent of ‘game playing’ with numbers/targets, but it also signals the ways in which the dynamics of race and racism are like a bubble that, when suppressed in one place, ‘pops up’ in another.
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Longridge, Nicholas, Pete Clarke, Raheel Aftab, and Tariq Ali. "Radiology and Radiography." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Dentistry, edited by Katharine Boursicot and David Sales. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825173.003.0025.
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When you consider that, with direct vision alone, you can only see the coronal few millimetres of teeth and none of the surrounding alveolus, it becomes clear that, without additional visual aids, we can only assess and treat a relatively small proportion of our patient’s oral health needs. In 1895, only months after the very first medical radiograph, Dr Otto Walkhoff recorded the very first dental radiograph. This exposure was of his own dentition and lasted a lengthy 25 minutes. Since then, radiography has become a staple tool of the profession and refinement of the technology has allowed us to reduce exposure times down to milliseconds, with radiation doses smaller than those experienced by people taking short- haul flights. Further advances in dose reduction and reformatting protocols have allowed for computed tomography to become increasingly popular for diagnostics and treatment planning in endodontic, oral surgery, and orthodontic cases. The benefits of dental radiography make them an indispensable resource, but since all types of radiation pose some degree of risk to human health, the clinician must consider how useful the information from the proposed exposure will be. There are no shortages of tragic stories of employees working with radiation who suffered ill health years after stopping work. Today dental radiography can be performed routinely and safely as a result of the valuable lesson learnt from the debilitating consequences suffered by past medical professionals, nuclear workers, and even the ‘radium girls’ who painted luminous material onto watch faces. Key topics include: ● Limitations of radiographs ● Image selection criteria ● Radiation physics, protection, and legislation ● Radiographic interpretation ● Types of dental radiographic imagery.
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Atkinson, Martin E. "The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses." In Anatomy for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199234462.003.0036.
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The nasal cavity is the entrance to the respiratory tract. Its functions are to clean, warm, and humidify air as it is inhaled. Respiratory mucosa covered by pseudostratified ciliated epithelium and goblet cells, as described in Chapter 5 and illustrated in Figure 5.2B, lines the majority of the nasal cavity. The cilia and mucus trap particles, thus cleaning the air; the mucus also humidifies the air and warming is achieved through heat exchange from blood in the very vascular mucosa. The efficiency of all these processes is increased by expanding the surface of the nasal cavity by folds of bone. The nasal cavity also houses the olfactory mucosa for the special sense of olfaction although the olfactory mucosa occupies a very small proportion of the surface of the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity extends from the nostrils on the lower aspect of the external nose to the two posterior nasal apertures between the medial pterygoid plates where it is in continuation with the nasopharynx. Bear in mind that in dried or model skulls, the nasal cavity is smaller from front to back and the anterior nasal apertures seem extremely large because the cartilaginous skeleton of the external nose is lost during preparation of dried skulls. As you can see in Figure 27.1 , the nasal cavity extends vertically from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid at about the level of the orbital roof above to the palate, separating it from the oral cavity below. Figure 27.1 also shows that the nasal cavity is relatively narrow from side to side, especially in its upper part between the two orbits and widens where it sits between the right and left sides of the upper jaw below the orbits. The nasal cavity is completely divided into right and left compartments by the nasal septum . From the anterior view seen in Figure 27.1 , you can see that the surface area of lateral walls of the nasal cavity are extended by the three folds of bone, the nasal conchae. The skeleton of the external nose shown in Figure 27.2 comprises the nasal bones, the upper and lower nasal cartilages, the septal cartilage, and the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum.
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Atkinson, Martin E. "Swallowing and speech." In Anatomy for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199234462.003.0038.
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Swallowing or deglutition is a series of closely integrated actions that propel the contents of the oral cavity through the pharynx and the oesophagus to the stomach and ensuring that they do not enter the lower respiratory tract. Some of these actions are voluntary whereas others are reflex. We tend to think of swallowing merely in terms of eating and drinking. In reality, a relatively small proportion of the total number of swallows performed in a day occurs during meals; the majority of them take place to clear excess saliva from the mouth. We are generally unconscious of salivary clearance swallows, but concentrate on your swallowing as you read this chapter—you will be surprised by how often you do swallow. A single swallow usually takes 1.5 to 2 seconds from mouth to stomach. This rapid action means that it is difficult to be absolutely categorical about the precise order of events. For convenience of description, swallowing is usually divided into three phases according to the position of the food but, in reality, the three phases are continuous with each other. The phases are: • The oral phase , usually subdivided into an oral preparatory phase and an oral phase ; • The pharyngeal phase ; • The oesophageal phase . The oral phase is voluntary whereas the second and third phases are reflex. In the oral preparatory phase , food is chewed to the right consistency, mixed with saliva, and collected into a single mass, the bolus , on the dorsum of the tongue. This subphase requires the muscles of mastication, suprahyoids and infrahyoids, used during mastication as described in Chapter 26 , together with the tongue muscles and the muscle of the lips and cheeks to push food between the teeth. The consistency of chewed food is measured by sensory receptors in the oral mucosa. The oral phase is initiated when food is judged to be of the right consistency. The bolus is pushed rapidly backwards towards the oropharynx by raising the tongue against the hard palate from front to back. This action is brought about by elevating the hyoid bone by the contraction of the suprahyoid muscles and the musculature of the tongue itself.
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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure, and Richard Watt. "Defi nitions of health." In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0007.
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In any discussion of public health, it is necessary to be able to define what is meant by the term ‘health’. The promotion and maintenance of health should be a goal of health services and thus a clear definition is essential. At a personal level we can distinguish the difference between feeling well and feeling ill, but converting this to an index that measures health and illness in a population is far more complex (Hart 1985). Health, disease, and disability mean different things to different people at different times, and providers of health care may hold very different views compared to the users of health care. Definitions of what constitutes health and illness ‘will vary within cultures, subcultures and communities and even within households’. The different ways in which people think about health influences what they do to protect their health, when they decide to use health services, and how they use health services. How health is defined also affects health care professionals’ attitudes to patients and how health care is organized. Different disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and epidemiology, for example, also construct health in different ways and they use different approaches and methods to study and understand health (Naidoo and Wills 2008). This chapter will briefly review the commonly used definitions of health, disease, illness, ill health, and disability. It will consider some of the implications these differences have for the measurement of health, the assessment of need, and how health care is delivered and used. Health can be defined objectively as normal functioning of the body systems and processes. It can be measured objectively, e.g. at an individual level the measurement of blood pressure against a ‘normal’ level, or in populations as the prevalence of people with or without a condition, for example the proportion of 5-year-olds who are caries free. Health may also be defined subjectively by age, gender, or social class. For example, young people may talk about health in terms of being physically fit and being able to participate in sport; older people may talk about health in terms of ability to undertake normal daily activities and tasks.
Conference papers on the topic "Dental proportions"
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Kusumawardhani, Fahma Widya, Harsono Salimo, and Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari. "Application of Health Belief Model to Explain Dental and Oral Preventive Health Behavior among Primary School Children in Ponorogo, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.67.
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Background: Prevalence of decayed, missing, and filling teeth in children are high. Studies have indicated that health belief model in oral health education for increasing the likelihood of taking preventive oral health behaviors is applicable. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with dental and oral preventive health behavior among primary school children using Health Belief Model. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out at 25 elementary schools in Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia, from January to February 2020. Schools were selected by multistage proportional stratified random sampling. A sample of 200 students was selected randomly. The dependent variable was dental and oral health behavior. The independent variables were knowledge, teacher role, attitude, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, cues to action, self-efficacy, and perceived barrier. Results: Dental and oral preventive health behavior in elementary school students increased with high knowledge (OR= 7.27; 95% CI= 2.20 to 24.08; p= 0.001), strong teacher role (OR= 3.88; 95% CI= 1.22 to 12.36; p= 0.022), positive attitude (OR= 5.57; 95% CI= 1.72 to 18.01; p= 0.004), high perceived susceptibility (OR= 6.63; 95% CI= 2.13 to 20.65; p= 0.001), high perceived seriousness (OR= 6.28; 95% CI= 2.03 to 19.41; p= 0.001), high perceived benefit (OR= 6.69; 95% CI= 1.84 to 24.38; p= 0.004), strong cues to action (OR= 3.81; 95% CI= 1.20 to 12.14; p= 0.024), and strong self-efficacy (OR= 4.29; 95% CI= 1.39 to 13.21; p= 0.011). Dental and oral preventive health behavior decreased with high perceived barrier (OR= 0.21; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.71; p= 0.011). Conclusion: Dental and oral preventive health behavior in elementary school students increases with high knowledge, strong teacher role, positive attitude, high perceived susceptibility, high perceived seriousness, high perceived benefit, strong cues to action, and strong self-efficacy. Dental and oral preventive health behavior decreases with high perceived barrier. Keywords: dental and oral preventive health behavior, health belief model Correspondence: Fahma Widya Kusumawardhani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl Ir.Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: fahmawidya05@gmail.com. Mobile: +628573530220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.67
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Ашкар, Самир Серханович, Владимир Викторович Волобуев, Виктория Валериевна Иващенко, and Тарас Алексеевич Пономаренко. "FOOD HABITS AND BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF ORAL HYGIENE OF SCHOOLCHILDREN OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEA." In Психология. Спорт. Здравоохранение: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Октябрь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/psm293.2020.31.23.004.
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В статье представлены данные по опросу школьников Республики Адыгея по вопросам пищевых привычек и навыков гигиены полости рта. Исследование показало, что более чем в половине случаев выявлен ряд факторов, провоцирующих развитие кариеса зубов (жевательная леность, частое употребление газированных напитков и кондитерских изделий). Значительная часть опрошенных детей не регулярно чистят зубы (67,31-71,43%), 21,43-40,38% не учитывают возраст при выборе стоматологических гигиенических средств, и только 17,42-57,14% в дополнение к зубной пасте и щетке используют для ухода за полостью рта иные средства гигиены. The article presents data on a survey of schoolchildren of the Republic of Adygea on food habits and oral hygiene skills. The study showed that more than half of the cases revealed a number of factors that provoke the development of dental caries (chewing laziness, frequent use of carbonated drinks and confectionery). A significant proportion of the children surveyed do not regularly brush their teeth (67,31-71,43%), 21,43-40,38% age is not taken into account when choosing dental hygiene products, and only 17.42-57.14% use other hygiene products for oral care in addition to toothpaste and a brush.
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Orynyak, I. V., A. V. Bohdan, and I. V. Lokhman. "The 2D Spring Splines Procedure Application With Prescribed Accuracy for Determination of the Global (Pipe Centerline) as Well as the Local (Dent) Curvatures." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90127.
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The problem of smoothing the spatial line based on position measurements of discrete points exists in cases where a) the positions of points are determined with some errors, b) the goal of smoothing is not a continuous position itself but the higher derivatives of it. It is a very common problem in many engineering applications. With respect to the pipeline industry this problem is very prominent at least in two cases but regretfully many researchers do not pay due attention to it at all. First, the Geopigs are widely used for the determination of spatial position of the pipe centerline points. This information inter alia may be (and in fact are widely) used for the calculation of the global centerline curvatures which are proportional to the global bending strains. Second, the maximum strain levels of the dents are calculated based on the local geometry of the dent as determined by radial sensor measurements from the in line inspection survey. Note, that in both cases mathematically the curvatures are the second derivatives of the function of global (pipeline) or local (dent) positions. The input information about the global X–Y–Z position of each consecutive point of axis line as well as the local radial position of the dent points are given with some error. This leads to a huge noise in predicted curvatures which can overrun the useful information. The amplitude of errors of calculation is inversely proportional to the squared distance between the points of measurement. The application of any smoothing procedure may lead to the loss of the useful information about real curvatures. Thus tradeoff between the smoothing of the noise and the loss of accuracy presents a big problem in the pipeline industry. Two quantitative parameters are introduced here to allow performing such a tradeoff. First parameter characterizes the standard deviation (also referred to as standard in the following) of the random value of the position measurement accuracy by the devices, ρ. Second parameter is the requested accuracy of the curvature determination and is defined in terms of the standard deviation of the bending stress, σ or strain, ε. The spatial beam on elastic foundation model is used to fit the measured point positions to the spatial curve. Its main characteristic is the specific compliance of the foundation α which is determined based on two above root-mean-square errors ρ and σ. The corresponding formulas and tables based on the solution for the elastic beam are obtained. The bigger the allowed error in bending stress σ the lesser is required compliance of the foundation, α. In turn this leads to the smaller value of characteristic wave length of solution and the possibility to retain more useful information about the actual short length stresses in the pipeline. Some practical examples of applications of the procedure are given.