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Rokaya, D., J. Kitisubkanchana, A. Wonglamsam, P. Santiwong, T. Srithavaj, and M. Humagain. "Nepalese Esthetic Dental (NED) Proportion in Nepalese Population." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2017): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v13i3.16816.
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Background Lots of studies on maxillary anterior teeth proportions have been studied in different populations in various countries, but no studies have been conducted in Nepal on the esthetic maxillary anterior teeth proportions.Objective The study was done to investigate the maxillary anterior teeth proportions in a Nepalese population. Teeth proportions in the total population were compared with golden proportion (GP) and golden standard (GS).Method A total of 150 Nepalese subjects were divided in three facial types; broad, average and narrow group. Maxillary anterior teeth were measured from dental casts using digital calipers. The perceived width ratios of lateral to central incisor (LI/CI) and canine to lateral incisor (CN/LI), ratios of mean central incisor length to 2 central incisor widths (CIL/2CIW), and actual width to length ratios (WLRs) (%) were calculated in each facial type and compared. Mean LI/CI, CN/LI and CIL/2CIW in total population were calculated and compared with GP (0.618), and mean WLRs in the total population were compared with GS (80%). All teeth proportions were compared among three facial types. One-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to analyze the data (α = 0.05).Result The LI/CI, CN/LI, CIL/2CIW and WLRs in three facial types showed no significant difference. The LI/CI, CN/LI and CIL/2CIW in the total population were 66%, 70% and 55% respectively, and were significantly different from GP. The WLRs for CI, LI and CN in the total population were 90%, 86% and 89% respectively and significantly differed from GS. These values were considered to constitute the Nepalese Esthetic Dental (NED) proportion.Conclusion No significant difference of maxillary anterior teeth proportions were observed among three facial types. Teeth proportions in the total population significantly differed from GP and GS. We propose the NED proportion as a guideline for dental treatment in the maxillary anterior region in Nepalese populations.
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Murata, Ramiro Mendonca, and Vanessa Pardi. "Is dental caries reaching epidemic proportions in Brazil?" Nature Reviews Immunology 7, no. 4 (April 2007): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1857-c1.
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WARD, DANIEL H. "A Study of Dentists’ Preferred Maxillary Anterior Tooth Width Proportions: Comparing the Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion to Other Mathematical and Naturally Occurring Proportions." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 19, no. 6 (December 2007): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2007.00114.x.
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Brandão, Roberto Carlos Bodart, and Larissa Bustamente Capucho Brandão. "Finishing procedures in Orthodontics: dental dimensions and proportions (microesthetics)." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 5 (October 2013): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000500006.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present article is to describe procedures that can be performed to achieve excellence in orthodontic treatment finishing. The content is limited to microesthetics, which comprises the concept of ideal dental dimensions and proportions (white esthetics) and its correlation with the periodontium (pink esthetics). Standards of normality are described both in their real dimensions (dental height and width), and in those effectively perceived by the observer, the virtual dimensions. METHODS: The best scientific evidence was sought in the literature to support the clinical procedures that must guide the professional to obtain maximum esthetic quality on their treatments. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate what the other specialties in Dentistry expect from Orthodontics and, specially, what they have to offer. Clinical cases will be used to illustrate the dental movement that might maximize treatment outcome and to confront the ideal standards with the current state of the art. CONCLUSION: Treatment quality is directly related to the amount of procedures implemented by the orthodontist, associated with concepts and resources from Periodontics and Dental Prosthesis. Microesthetics cannot be seen in isolation, but rather as the key to establish a pleasant smile (miniesthetics) in addition to a harmonious face (macroesthetics) and a human being with high self-esteem (hyper-esthetics).
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Wolfart, Stefan, Helen Thormann, Sandra Freitag, and Matthias Kern. "Assessment of dental appearance following changes in incisor proportions." European Journal of Oral Sciences 113, no. 2 (April 2005): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2005.00206.x.
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Chu, Stephen J. "COMMENTARY. a study of dentists’ preferred maxillary anterior tooth width proportions: comparing the recurring esthetic dental proportion to other mathematical and naturally occurring proportions." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 19, no. 6 (December 2007): 338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2007.00115.x.
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Ju, X., D. N. Teusner, A. J. Spencer, and D. S. Brennan. "Longitudinal Changes in Proportions of Dental Services Provided by Australian Dentists, 1983 to 2010." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2016): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084416681479.
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The objective of the study was to estimate the longitudinal change over a 26-y period in the proportion of dental services provided in 10 main service provision areas by Australian dentists. A random sample of Australian dentists was surveyed approximately every 5 y, commencing 1983 to 1984. The mean proportion of dental services provided was calculated from practitioner activity logs. Mixed effects regression models estimated the longitudinal change in the proportion of services provided, by dentists’ age and birth-year cohort. Response rates across data collection waves ranged from 67% to 76%. Between 1983 to 1984 and 2009 to 2010, the mean proportion of diagnostic, preventive, and crown/bridge services provided tended to increase, and the mean proportion of restorative, oral surgery, and prosthodontic services tended to decrease. Mean proportions of endodontic and orthodontic services fluctuated. Relative to the youngest cohort (born after 1984), across cohorts of older to younger dentists, the proportions of diagnostic and preventive services increased, and restorative and prosthodontic decreased. Older cohorts provided the lowest proportions of diagnostic and preventive services (oldest cohort born before 1918: β = −32.1 ± 4.8; cohort born 1934 to 1938: β = −11.6 ± 3.2, respectively). Older cohorts provided the highest proportions of restorative and prosthodontic services (born before 1918: β = 27.3 ± 5.6; born 1919 to 1923: β = 10.5 ± 2.4, respectively). Some service area trends varied across birth-year cohorts. Endodontic service provision was declining for younger cohorts but increasing for older cohorts. Preventive service provision was increasing for younger cohorts but declining for older cohorts. This study identified trends not evident in previous time-series analysis. First, provision of restorative and oral surgery services, as a proportion of all services provided, was declining. Second, there were competing intercohort trends. These may indicate that new norms in dental education are influencing clinical decision making and that new trends in dental service provision may emerge as older dentists retire. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study identified several trends in dental service provision and indicated that not all trends were consistent across all birth-year cohorts. Findings inform dental health care policy and priorities for dental education. In addition, the identified trends have implications for the future composition of the oral health workforce.
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Aziz, Monwarul, and Md Zakir Hossain. "Validity of mathematical proportions in maxillary anterior teeth among Bangladeshi population." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 7 (February 1, 2017): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.199174.
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Objective To investigate the existence and suitability of mathematical proportions between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth in Bangladeshi population having an esthetic smile, with the aid of digital photographs and computer analysis. Place of Study The study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka. Period of Study The study was conducted from April 2016 to September 2016. Sample Selection The study samples collected from Students of Dhaka Dental College, Mirpur-14, Dhaka, Bangladesh, with age limit 18–35 years. Materials and Methods Standardized frontal images of 100 dental students of Dhaka Dental College were captured. All the images were downloaded to a personal computer, and width of each tooth was measured by the scale tool of Photoshop CS version 8.0. All the data were analyzed (through standard statistical method) using Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 20 (IBM Corp., USA). Results The golden proportion existed in 17% of the perceived width ratios of lateral incisor to central incisor and 4% of the width ratios of canine to lateral incisor in natural dentition. Sixty-six percent lateral incisors are following the golden percentage, but only 7% central incisors and 21% canines are following the golden percentage. The recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion existed in only 4% of participants. Conclusions The golden proportion, golden percentage, and the RED proportion cannot be used as constant proportions to create a harmonious proportion throughout the width of maxillary anterior teeth. The adjusted golden percentage might serve as a guideline to create harmonious proportions in maxillary anterior teeth for Bangladeshi population.
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Hasanreisoglu, Ufuk, Semih Berksun, Kerem Aras, and Ilker Arslan. "An analysis of maxillary anterior teeth: Facial and dental proportions." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 94, no. 6 (December 2005): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.10.007.
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Basnet, Bishal Babu. "A Comparison of Facial Proportions in Pleasing and Unpleasing Smile Photographs from Nepalese Population." Journal of Nepalese Prosthodontic Society 2, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnprossoc.v2i1.26829.
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Introduction: Facial proportion and dental proportions are matters of interest for dental professionals to craft a beautiful smile. In facial analyses, the role of different proportions cannot be overlooked when planning dento facial treatment. This study aims to determine the different facial proportions; smile index, lower smile index, nose width to outer inter commissural width, intercanine width to outerinter commissural width, nose width to intercanine width and outer intercommissural width to lower facial height in esthetically pleasing smile (ES) and esthetically unpleasing smile (US) groups.
Materials and methods: The frontal smiling photographs (N=152, 74 pleasing and 78 unpleasing smile) were gathered and different linear measurements were carried out using digital ruler. The facial proportions were derived and comparisons were made amongst groups and differences were examined in comparison to standard accepted proportion (such as Golden proportion).
Results: Average smile index of ES (5.899±1.201) was lower than that of US group (6.421±1.675).The golden proportion was not valid for smile indices in each group. Mean nose width to intercanine width ratio significantly differed in ES and US. The outer inter commissural width to lower facial height was not statistically significantly different from 1:1 ratio.
Conclusion: Most facial proportions in pleasing and unpleasing smiles showed no difference. The outer intercommissural width to lower facial height was found in 1:1 proportion current study with possible utilization in determining vertical dimension of occlusion.
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Smith, Tanya M., Anne-Marie Bacon, Fabrice Demeter, Ottmar Kullmer, Kim Thuy Nguyen, John De Vos, Wang Wei, John P. Zermeno, and Lingxia Zhao. "Dental tissue proportions in fossil orangutans from mainland Asia and Indonesia." Human Origins Research 1, no. 1 (November 8, 2011): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/hor.2011.3.
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Orangutans (Pongo) are the only great ape genus with a substantial Pleistocene and Holocene fossil record, demonstrating a much larger geographic range than extant populations. In addition to having an extensive fossil record, Pongo shows several convergent morphological similarities with Homo, including a trend of dental reduction during the past million years. While studies have documented variation in dental tissue proportions among species of Homo, little is known about variation in enamel thickness within fossil orangutans. Here we assess dental tissue proportions, including conventional enamel thickness indices, in a large sample of fossil orangutan postcanine teeth from mainland Asia and Indonesia. We find few differences between regions, except for significantly lower average enamel thickness (AET) values in Indonesian mandibular first molars. Differences between fossil and extant orangutans are more marked, with fossil Pongo showing higher AET in most postcanine teeth. These differences are significant for maxillary and mandibular first molars. Fossil orangutans show higher AET than extant Pongo due to greater enamel cap areas, which exceed increases in enamel-dentine junction length (due to geometric scaling of areas and lengths for the AET index calculation). We also find greater dentine areas in fossil orangutans, but relative enamel thickness indices do not differ between fossil and extant taxa. When changes in dental tissue proportions between fossil and extant orangutans are compared with fossil and recent Homo sapiens, Pongo appears to show isometric reduction in enamel and dentine, while crown reduction in H. sapiens appears to be due to preferential loss of dentine. Disparate selective pressures or developmental constraints may underlie these patterns. Finally, the finding of moderately thick molar enamel in fossil orangutans may represent an additional convergent dental similarity with Homo erectus, complicating attempts to distinguish these taxa in mixed Asian faunas.
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Reddy, Tripuravaram VK, and Sihivahanan Dhanasekaran. "The Golden Proportion." Journal of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics 2, no. 2 (2017): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10047-0042.
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ABSTRACT The Golden Proportion has been considered perfect, ideal, and desirable, and it has been used for many years by engineers and architects in studying beauty and in designing patterns and proportions. It has been proposed that the golden proportion is a useful tool for the evaluation of symmetry, dominance, and proportion in the diagnosis of tooth arrangement and in the application of esthetic dental treatment. The golden proportion is an element of design that a dental surgeon should be aware of. An understanding of this enigmatic proportion that has long stood for beauty may provide us with useful guidelines that can be combined with our existing knowledge and applied to our dental work for restoring dental esthetics with reasonable assurance of success. How to cite this article Reddy TVK, Dhanasekaran S. The Golden Proportion. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(2):79-83.
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Jiménez-Ortiz, JL, RM Islas-Valle, JD Jiménez-Ortiz, E. Pérez-Lizárraga, ME Hernández-García, and F. González-Salazar. "Emotional exhaustion, burnout, and perceived stress in dental students." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 9 (July 16, 2019): 4251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519859145.
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Objective As in other health sciences, a career in dentistry is associated with numerous stressors in practitioners. The main objective of this research was to examine the prevalence of emotional exhaustion, burnout, and perceived stress among dental students in Mexico. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 73 dental students attending a private university in Northern Mexico. Three scales were administered to students to identify emotional exhaustion, burnout, and perceived stress, and parametric data analysis was performed. Results Among participants (mean age 19.7 years), the proportion with emotional exhaustion, perceived high stress, and burnout was 52.0%, 42.3%, and 17.8%, respectively. All students with perceived stress also had burnout. Conclusions We found that emotional exhaustion and perceived stress are experienced by a large proportion of dentistry students enrolled in the third semester at this private university in Northern Mexico. The proportions were independent of age and sex.
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Olejniczak, Anthony J., Tanya M. Smith, Robin N. M. Feeney, Roberto Macchiarelli, Arnaud Mazurier, Luca Bondioli, Antonio Rosas, et al. "Dental tissue proportions and enamel thickness in Neandertal and modern human molars." Journal of Human Evolution 55, no. 1 (July 2008): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.11.004.
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Shrestha, Neesha, Abhilasha Khanal, and Xiao Li Wei. "Assessment of Facial Golden Proportions in Chinese Adults in Hunan Province." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 8, no. 1 (October 13, 2018): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v8i1.21344.
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Introduction: The interest of facial esthetics is growing in orthodontics. Golden proportion has been intriguing in the field of esthetics. There is a need of evaluation of facial golden proportions in various population groups.Objective: To evaluate the relationship between facial parameters and golden proportion among patients for better treatment planning.Materials & Method: Cross-sectional study design was used. Out of 356 pre-treatment frontal photographs, skeletal and dental Class I (n=186) were differentiated on the basis of 0.7°≤ANB≤4.7° and molar relationship. Then samples were stratified according to research criteria (Class I=159). After standardization of photographs, printing was done. The landmarks were plotted on photographic prints and parameters were measured manually. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0.Result: Most of the facial height proportions TR-ME:LC-ME (1.66±.08), LC-ME:TR-LC (1.54±.09), TR-LN:LN-ME(1.58±.16),LC-CH:CH ME(1.57±.16) in frontal photographs of Class I were more close to the golden proportion. However, facial width proportions showed deviation from the golden proportion.Conclusion: The vertical proportions in the patients showed closer to the golden proportion compared to the width proportions, indicating more soft tissue balance in vertical height.
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Bayle, P., R. Macchiarelli, E. Trinkaus, C. Duarte, A. Mazurier, and J. Zilhao. "Dental maturational sequence and dental tissue proportions in the early Upper Paleolithic child from Abrigo do Lagar Velho, Portugal." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 4 (January 4, 2010): 1338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914202107.
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Monson, Tesla A., Jean‐Renaud Boisserie, Marianne F. Brasil, Selene M. Clay, Rena Dvoretzky, Shruti Ravindramurthy, Christopher A. Schmitt, et al. "Evidence of strong stabilizing effects on the evolution of boreoeutherian (Mammalia) dental proportions." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 13 (June 14, 2019): 7597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5309.
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Schultz, Richard Carlton. "Sculpturing the broad face to ‘golden proportions’." Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 2, no. 1 (March 1994): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255039400200109.
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The oval shaped face is generally accepted as having the most beautiful configuration and the ‘golden proportion’ (1:1.618) ideal. Such a configuration can be altered to a square or rectangular shape by an increase in width of the lower face. This broadened morphology can be caused by three anatomical elements: hypertrophy of the masseter muscles, hypertrophy and flaring of the mandibular angles, and hypertrophy or herniation of the buccal fat pads of Bichat. The first two anatomical structures can occasionally become enlarged through work hypertrophy related to malocclusion or dental disease, and the latter displaced through traumatic herniation. Each of these contributing anatomical anomalies can be reduced in size by a single intraoral operative procedure with minimal risk to achieve an aesthetically pleasing oval shaped configuration to the face. There are very few hazards to this procedure and the results are routinely satisfying to both the patient and the surgeon.
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Damyanov, Nikola D., Dick J. Witter, Anneloes E. Gerritsen, and Nico H. J. Creugers. "Dental Laboratory Production of Prosthetic Restorations in a Population in Sofia, Bulgaria: A Descriptive Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/286192.
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Objective. To describe prosthodontic production related to mutilated dentitions in Sofia, Bulgaria.Methods. Prosthodontic production from 5 dental laboratories was recorded during a 14-day period. Production was related to dentitions as noted from casts. Dentitions were classified as edentulous, interrupted/reduced, slightly interrupted, shortened, and complete. The representativeness of the laboratory sample was verified trough comparison with a Sofia population sample using proportions of crowned or replaced teeth per dental region.Results. The total production consisted of 243 crowns, 16 post and cores, 82 fixed dental prostheses, and 41 removable dentures. Proportions of crowned teeth were significantly different between the samples; proportions of replaced teeth were not. Of the 58 incomplete dentitions analyzed, 19 were restored to the level of completeness, 15 resulted in slightly interrupted, and 24 in shortened dentitions.Conclusions. Predominantly fixed restorations were provided to restore mutilated dentitions to a functional level and not necessarily to complete dentitions.
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Mombelli, A. "Microbiology of the Dental Implant." Advances in Dental Research 7, no. 2 (August 1993): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374930070021201.
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Longitudinal studies have shown that successful implants are colonized by a predominantly Gram-positive, facultative flora, which is established shortly after implantation. Repeated microbiological sampling in patients with clinically stable implants showed no significant shifts in the composition of this flora over five years. In patients with bone loss and pocket formation around implants, however, a significantly different flora was found: Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, particularly fusobacteria, spirochetes, and black-pigmenting organisms such as Prevotella intermedia were often present in high proportions. Antimicrobial treatment with agents specifically active against anaerobes could halt progression of peri-implant infections in such cases. Although there may be non-microbial primary causes for implant failure, these studies show that Gram-negative anaerobes may play a role in peri-implant infections, and that their elimination leads to improvement of the clinical condition.
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Devang Divakar, Darshan, Muzaheed, Sultan Salem Aldeyab, Sara A. Alfawaz, Abdulaziz Abdullah AlKheraif, and Aftab Ahmed Khan. "High proportions of Staphylococcus epidermidis in dental caries harbor multiple classes of antibiotics resistance, significantly increase inflammatory interleukins in dental pulps." Microbial Pathogenesis 109 (August 2017): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.017.
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Fayyad, Mohammed Ali, Kifah Dafi Jamani, and Jamal Aqrabawi. "Geometric and Mathematical Proportions and their Relations to Maxillary Anterior Teeth." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 7, no. 5 (2006): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-7-5-62.
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Abstract Aim One of the critical aspects of esthetic dentistry is creating geometric or mathematical proportions to relate the successive widths of the anterior teeth. The golden proportion, the recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion, and the golden percentage are theories introduced in this field. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of the golden proportion, RED proportion, and the golden percentage between the widths of the maxillary anterior teeth in individuals with natural dentition. Methods and Materials Standardized frontal images of 376 dental student smiles were captured. The images were transferred to a personal computer, the widths of the maxillary anterior teeth were measured, and calculations were made according to each of the above mentioned theories. The data were statistically analyzed using paired student T-test (level of significance P<0.05). Results The golden proportion was found to be accurate between the width of the right central and lateral incisors in 31.3% of men and 27.1% of women. The values of the RED proportion were not constant, and the farther the one moves distally from the midline the higher the values. Furthermore, the results revealed the golden percentage was rather constant in terms of relative tooth width. The width of the central incisor represents 23%, the lateral incisor 15%, and the canine 12% of the width of the six maxillary anterior teeth as viewed from the front. Conclusions Both the golden proportion and the RED proportion are unsuitable methods to relate the successive widths of the maxillary anterior teeth. However, the golden percentage theory seems to be applicable to relate the successive widths of the maxillary anterior teeth if percentages are adjusted taking into consideration the ethnicity of the population. Citation Ali Fayyad M, Jamani KD, Aqrabawi J. Geometric and Mathematical Proportions and their Relations to Maxillary Anterior Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 November;(7)5:062-070.
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Bair, Jeffrey H., and Myron Boor. "Hiring Practices in Dental Education: Comparison of Top- and Lower-Ranked Schools." Psychological Reports 70, no. 3_suppl (June 1992): 1163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3c.1163.
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The ten top-ranked dental schools, as indicated in The Gourman Report, had hired significantly more faculty members from among their own graduates ( Mdn = 42.5%) than had ten randomly selected lower-ranked dental schools ( Mdn = 19.6%). However, the proportions of faculty members hired by the ten top-ranked dental schools from graduates of the top-ranked schools other than their own ( Mdn = 15.9%) were nearly identical to the proportions of faculty members hired by the lower-ranked schools from graduates of the ten top-ranked schools ( Mdn = 17.2%). Both top-ranked and lower-ranked schools showed wide variations in their tendencies to hire faculty from top-ranked schools. Some variables that might account for these variations in hiring practices are noted.
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Mohan, Malu, and T. K. Sundari Ravindran. "Unemployment and vulnerable financial situation among recent dental graduates of Kerala, India - Results from a cross-sectional study." Journal of Global Oral Health 1 (March 29, 2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jgoh-12-2018.
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Objective: This study aims to examine the current employment characteristics and financial situation of recent dental graduates of Kerala, India, in the context of a drastic rise in the number of dental graduates in the state over the past two decades, following a policy change in dental education at the dawn of the 21st century. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 recent dental graduates selected using circular systematic random sampling from a sampling frame of all dental graduates who graduated in any dental college in Kerala between April 2014 and February 2018 and who have registered at the Kerala State Dental Council. Results: More than two-thirds of the participants were females. Graduates trained from private dental colleges formed the majority. A significant proportion was currently unemployed (27%). The private sector was the predominant employment avenue for the dental graduates (90.9%). A notable proportion of the study participants did not have a regular income (32.1%). The current employment status of the graduates showed a statistically significant difference in proportions according to gender, type of educational institution, and the employment status of the graduates’ male parents. There were significant differences in the current financial situation according to gender, caste, and training background. Conclusion: The study reveals the existence of a high rate of unemployment among the recent dental graduates of Kerala. Their financial situation is indicative of vulnerability and dependent status. These findings have major policy implications for dental training and regulation of dental profession in the country.
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Yansane, A., O. Tokede, J. White, J. Etolue, L. McClellan, M. Walji, E. Obadan-Udoh, and E. Kalenderian. "Utilization and Validity of the Dental Diagnostic System over Time in Academic and Private Practice." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 4, no. 2 (December 8, 2018): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084418815150.
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Introduction: To fill the void created by insufficient dental terminologies, a multi-institutional workgroup was formed among members of the Consortium for Oral Health Research and Informatics to develop the Dental Diagnostic System (DDS) in 2009. The adoption of dental diagnosis terminologies by providers must be accompanied by rigorous usability and validity assessments to ensure their effectiveness in practice. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to describe the utilization and correct use of the DDS over a 4-y period. Methods: Electronic health record data were amassed from 2013 to 2016 where diagnostic terms and Current Dental Terminology procedure code pairs were adjudicated by calibrated dentists. With the resultant data, we report on the 4-y utilization and validity of the DDS at 5 dental institutions. Utilization refers to the proportion of instances that diagnoses are documented in a structured format, and validity is defined as the frequency of valid pairs divided by the number of all treatment codes entered. Results: Nearly 10 million procedures ( n = 9,946,975) were documented at the 5 participating institutions between 2013 and 2016. There was a 1.5-fold increase in the number of unique diagnoses documented during the 4-y period. The utilization and validity proportions of the DDS had statistically significant increases from 2013 to 2016 ( P < 0.0001). Academic dental sites were more likely to document diagnoses associated with orthodontic and restorative procedures, while the private dental site was equally likely to document diagnoses associated with all procedures. Overall, the private dental site had significantly higher utilization and validity proportions than the academic dental sites. Conclusion: The results demonstrate an improvement in utilization and validity of the DDS terminology over time. These findings also yield insight into the factors that influence the usability, adoption, and validity of dental terminologies, raising the need for more focused training of dental students. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Ensuring that providers use standardized methods for documentation of diagnoses represents a challenge within dentistry. The results of this study can be used by clinicians when evaluating the utility of diagnostic terminologies embedded within the electronic health record.
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Al Taki, Amjad, and Eyas Abuhijleh. "Effect of Canine Dimensions on Smile Aesthetics among General Dentists, Dental Students and Laypersons." Open Dentistry Journal 14, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602014010275.
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Objectives: Canines and their dimensions play a major role in the appearance of the smile. The aim of the study was to determine the perception of smile aesthetics among General dentists, Dental students, and laypersons, with respect to different levels of maxillary canine (canine tip height and gingival height in reference with central incisors) and Golden Proportions in regards to lateral incisor. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst three different populations; students of dentistry, general dentists and laypersons. A convenient sample size of 109 participants was accepted for the present study, out of which there were 41 students of dentistry, 38 general dentists and 30 laypersons. We used digitally altered photographs (n=15)for data collection. Statistical analysis: Kruskal Wallis Test was applied as a test of significance and the level of significance was set at <0.05. Results: The most of the dental students found the canine tip (-0.5), the gingival height of (+0.5) and the Golden Proportion 62% attractive. The majority of general dentists found the canine tip (-0.5), the gingival height of (+1) and the Golden Proportion 72% attractive. In comparison, laypersons found the canine tip (+0.5), the gingival height of (0) and the Golden Proportion 57% attractive. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the perceptions of dental students, general dentists and laypersons had a significant difference.
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Wakayama, Bruno, Clea Adas Saliba Garbin, Artenio Jose Saliba Garbin, Orlando Adas Saliba Junior, and Artenio Jose Garbin. "The representation of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B in the dentistry context." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 979–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12283.
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Introduction: HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B are diseases with major epidemiological and social impacts, with important effects in the dentistry context. This study aimed to compare the knowledge, presence, and manifestation of discriminatory and stigmatizing acts of dental surgeons, dental assistants, and dental students concerning social representations of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B.
Methodology: This cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out in Brazil with primary health care dental surgeons (n = 219) and dental assistants (n = 152) in 40 municipalities and dental students of a public university (n = 179). The z-test for proportions (p ≤ 0.05) was used for data analysis to compare the three groups.
Results: We found statistically significant differences regarding knowledge about HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B, with a higher percentage of correct answers by dental surgeons (97.7%). Regarding infection, the fear of contracting HIV/AIDS was more representative, whereas hepatitis B was more mentioned concerning the risk of infection. In general, only 30.7% and 42.2% of individuals would accept care from professionals with HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B, respectively; assistants and students had the higher proportion of refusal of care. Also, a higher proportion of assistants (47.4%) believed there are different conducts in the care of patients with HIV and hepatitis B.
Conclusions: The knowledge of individuals about infectious diseases is still inconsistent, especially among dental assistants and students. Moreover, these groups showed a silent and hidden presence and manifestation of discriminatory and stigmatizing attitudes, with greater representativeness for HIV/AIDS.
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Chinnasamy, Alagesan, and Marjory Moodie. "Prevalence of Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes in the Dental Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Dentistry 2020 (August 25, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2964020.
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Background. With the close link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease (PD), dentists have an unrealized opportunity to make a chance discovery of a patient’s medical condition. Unlike in the medical setting, information on the point of care (PoC) and opportunistic screening for DM in the dental setting is limited. To make a reliable estimate on the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes among dental patients in the dental setting and to assist healthcare planners in making an informed decision, information on the disease frequency and strategies employed to address this issue is of paramount importance. Objectives. To summarize the data on the prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM and prediabetes amongst dental patients and further explore the effectiveness of the PoC screening and its implication for use in the dental setting. Methods. A MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library search was conducted with no time specification. Information on study characteristics and diagnostic parameters was retrieved for meta-analysis. All the studies were assessed for methodological quality using the QUADAS-2 tool. Proportions were presented in tables and forest plots. All statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc software. Results. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The proportion of dental patients identified to be at a risk of hyperglycaemia with the PoC screening using random blood glucose (RBG) and HbA1 was 32.47% and 40.10%, whilst the estimated proportion with undiagnosed T2DM and prediabetes was identified as 11.23% and 47.38%. Conclusion. A significant proportion of dental patients can be identified as undiagnosed T2DM and prediabetes. Targeted opportunistic screening is a feasible approach and can help reduce the prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM and prediabetes.
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Van Houte, J., H. V. Jordan, R. Laraway, R. Kent, P. M. Soparkar, and P. F. Depaola. "Association of the Microbial Flora of Dental Plaque and Saliva with Human Root-surface Caries." Journal of Dental Research 69, no. 8 (August 1990): 1463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345900690080301.
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Dental plaque was obtained from one or two sound root surfaces of subjects with different degrees of root-surface caries experience. From subjects with root-surface caries, plaque samples were also obtained from either one incipient or one more advanced lesion. Proportions of the total flora were determined for total streptococci and different streptococcal species, total and different Actinomyces species, and lactobacilli. A sample of saliva was obtained from about one-third of the subjects for determination of the concentrations of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. The main observations were: (1) Subjects without root-surface caries or restorations (group I), as compared with subjects with root-surface caries with or without restorations (group II), were characterized by having a lower prevalence and proportion of mutans streptococci and a higher prevalence and proportion of A. naeslundii in plaque on sound root surfaces; (2) subjects in group I also tended to have a lower salivary concentration of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli than subjects in group II; (3) dental plaque on sound surfaces in group II subjects contained a lower proportion of mutans streptococci than plaque associated with incipient or advanced lesions; and (4) the prevalence and proportion of lactobacilli in plaque associated with sound as well as carious root surfaces were very low. The data reinforce findings from other studies and indicate that, as for coronal caries, the plaque and saliva populations of mutans streptococci specifically are correlated positively with the presence of root-surface caries.
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Solov’ev, M. M., E. B. Katinas, and I. A. An. "Pattern of facial beauty: previously undefined proportions." Russian Medical Inquiry 4, no. 4 (2020): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-226-232.
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Aim: to develop an universal cephalometric analysis of a beautiful female face and a simple method of the planning of orthognathic surgery for correcting malocclusions, improving airway permeability, and achieving a good stable esthetic outcome. Patients and Methods: to determine facial proportions, a term “rondist” (Ro) was introduced defined as a horizontal plane that corresponds with the natural line dividing a head into the upper and lower portions. Three planes being perpendicular to the rondist go through the subnasal point (Sn), glabella (Gb), and tuber frontale (Tf). LF is the lower one-third of the face. A profile depth (PD) is the ratio of Sn-Gb distance to Gb-Tf distance while a lower facial inclination (LFI) is the angle between LF and Ro (LF/Ro). 122 most beautiful female photos from various rankings were analyzed. All faces were allocated to either group 1 (modern Caucasian women, n=52), 2 (20th century Caucasian women, n=33), 3 (Mongoloid women, n=19), or 4 (Negroid women, n=18). Results: side portrait image was found for each face. PD and LFI were determined. PD and LFI were 0.97±0.016 93.3°±0.6° in group 1 (Gaussian distribution), 0.97±0.02 and 93.0°±0.8° in group 2, 0.96±0.02 and 93.6°±1.1° in group 3, and 0.97±0.03 and 92.6°±1.1° in group 4, respectively. Statistical analysis has demonstrated that all distributions belong to the same general population. Conclusion: the characterization of a novel facial plane (Ro) and cephalometric analysis revealed the race- and history-independent criteria of a beautiful face that are intuitively defined by most people. Beautiful faces follow the same template with PD equal to 1.0 and LFI closer to 90°. KEYWORDS: facial proportions, attractiveness, dental anomalies, sleep apnea. FOR CITATION: Solov’ev M.M., Katinas E.B., An I.A. Pattern of facial beauty: previously undefined proportions. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(4):226–232. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-226-232.
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Angker, L., and M. V. Swain. "Nanoindentation: Application to dental hard tissue investigations." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1893–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0257.
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In the last decade, most publications on the mechanical properties of dental calcified tissues were based on nanoindentation investigation. This technique has allowed a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of enamel, dentin, and cementum at a nanoscale. The indentations are normally carried out using pointed or spherical indenters. Hardness and elastic modulus are measured as a function of indenter penetration depth and from the elastic recovery upon unloading. The unique microstructure of each calcified tissue significantly contributes to the variations in the mechanical properties measured. As complex hydrated biological composites, the relative proportions of the composite components, namely, inorganic material (hydroxyapatite), organic material, and water, determines the mechanical properties of the dental hard tissues. Many pathological conditions affecting dental hard tissues cause changes in mineral levels, crystalline structures, and mechanical properties that may be probed by nanoindentation. This review focuses on relevant nanoindentation techniques and their applications to enamel, dentin, and cementum investigations.
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Wilson, Laura A. B., Richard H. Madden, Richard F. Kay, and Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra. "Testing a developmental model in the fossil record: molar proportions in South American ungulates." Paleobiology 38, no. 2 (2012): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11001.1.
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A developmental model, based upon murine rodents, has been proposed by Kavanagh et al. (2007) to explain lower molar proportions in mammals. We produce a clade-wide macroevolutionary test of the model using the dental evolutionary trends in a unique radiation of extinct mammals endemic to South America (“Meridiungulata”) that comprise a diverse array of molar morphologies. All of the South American ungulate groups examined follow the inhibitory cascade model with the exception of two groups: Interatheriidae (Notoungulata) and Astrapotheria. For most taxa studied, ratios between lower molar areas are greater than 1.0, indicating a weak inhibition by m1 on the subsequent molars in the tooth row, and a trend to greater absolute size of the posterior molars. Comparisons of mean ratios between clades indicate that a significant phylogenetic signal can be detected, particularly between the two groups within Notoungulata— Typotheria and Toxodontia. Body mass estimates were found to be significantly correlated with both m3/m1 and m2/m1 ratios, suggesting that the larger body size achieved the weaker inhibition between the lower molars. Molar ratio patterns are examined and discussed in relation to the independent and numerous acquisitions of hypsodonty that are characteristic of dental evolution in “Meridiungulata.”
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Yen Tan, Elaine Li, Yi Lin Song, Zhengyi Zhang, Kevin Jia Jun Yong, Yang Zhang, Xuening Yeo, and Yu Fan Sim. "Orthodontic treatment in National Dental Centre of Singapore: Trends toward higher proportion of adult patients." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 9 (June 29, 2019): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/apos-13-2019.
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Background Adult patients used to be daunted with the prospect of having fixed appliances to correct malocclusions. However, this has gradually changed and recent literature reported an increasing trend in adults receiving orthodontic treatment. To date, there has been no information regarding the trend of adult orthodontic patients in Singapore. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the proportion of adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment at the National Dental Centre Singapore (NDCS) from 2011 to 2017. Materials and Methods The study sample consists of all patients who commenced active orthodontic treatment from 2011 to 2017 at the NDCS. The data collected were analyzed for the number, gender, and proportion of adult orthodontic patients treated annually from 2011 to 2017. Linear-by-linear association test was used to test for any significant linear trend in proportion of adult orthodontic patients over the 7 years. Pearson’s Chi-squared test was used to test for any significant gender differences. Results There was a significant increasing linear trend (p = 0.001) in the proportion of adult orthodontic patients from 2011 to 2017. No significant difference (p = 0.770) between the proportions of male and female adults undergoing orthodontic treatment was found. The ages of adults undergoing orthodontic treatment ranged from 21 to 73 years old and majority (48.61%) of them was in the 21–25 years old age range. Conclusion There is a rising trend in adults seeking orthodontic treatment at the NDCS from 2011 to 2017. No statistically significant gender difference was observed in this rising trend.
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Daoud, Raisa, Maria-Angelica Bencze, Cristina-Crenguța Albu, Elina Teodorescu, Anca-Oana Dragomirescu, Adriana Vasilache, Ioana Suciu, and Ecaterina Ionescu. "Implications of Permanent Teeth Dimensions and Arch Lengths on Dental Crowding during the Mixed Dentition Period." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 8004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178004.
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Dento-alveolar disharmony with crowding is a common reason for orthodontic treatment with not fully understood or unequivocally demonstrated causes. This study investigated the correlations between teeth dimensions, arch lengths, and crowding during the mixed dentition period. A cross-sectional study on 100 dental casts of patients with class I malocclusions was performed. Dental arches were classified as non-crowded, moderately crowded, severely crowded, and spaced. The mesio-distal widths, bucco-lingual sizes, and crown proportions of permanent teeth were assessed. The results indicated that arch length measurements showed smaller values in crowded arches. The mesio-distal dimensions of upper central incisors and lower lateral incisors were larger in patients with crowding. The bucco-lingual dimensions of upper incisors were decreased, the bucco-lingual dimensions of lower central incisors and permanent first molars were increased in crowded arches. Upper incisors and lower lateral incisors presented larger crown proportions in crowding cases. Low negative correlations were found between mesio-distal diameters of maxillary central incisors, lower lateral incisors, lower permanent first molars, and the values of arch space discrepancies. In conclusion, crowding in the mixed dentition could be associated with reduced arch lengths, increase in mesio-distal sizes of incisors and lower permanent first molars, and variations of bucco-lingual dimensions and crown proportions of incisors and lower permanent first molars.
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Wagh, Sukhada Arun, Sneha S. Mantri, and Abhilasha Bhasin. "Evaluation of maxillary anterior teeth proportion with Chu’s Gauge in a population of Central India: an in-vivo study." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 93, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/mpr-1309.
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Aim. To evaluate the width/height proportions in maxillary anterior natural dentition and its correlation with Chu’s esthetic proportion Gauge.
Settings and Design. Observational cross-sectional study with the inclusion criteria of well aligned maxillary anterior teeth.
Purpose. The present study attempts to perceive the application of Chu’s Esthetic Proportion Gauge in a group of the central Indian population .
Methods. A total number of 150 participants within the age group 18- 30 years were screened, out of which 80 participants were selected, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of well aligned maxillary anterior teeth with pleasing smile, unrestored, periodontally sound, no fracture, no missing, absence of diastema teeth and no H/O orthodontic treatment. The selected participants were seated on the dental chair with the Frankforts horizontal plane parallel to the floor. The participants were observed for height and width proportions using the Chu’s esthetic proportion gauge and measured using digital vernier calliper. The proportion and measured height and width ratios were then compared .
Results. The recorded data was compiled and entered in a spreadsheet computer program (Microsoft Excel 2007) and then exported to data editor page of SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Intergroup comparison between gauge and vernier caliper was done using Chi- square test for proportions percentages (Qualitative data) and Mann-Whitney U test of width and height and then categorized into esthetic and unesthetic anterior teeth. Level of significance was set at 0.05.
Conclusions. Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that maxillary anterior teeth did show similarity with Chu’s esthetic proportion scale.
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Malchiodi, Luciano, Francesca Zotti, Tommaso Moro, Daniele De Santis, and Massimo Albanese. "Clinical and Esthetical Evaluation of 79 Lithium Disilicate Multilayered Anterior Veneers with a Medium Follow-Up of 3 Years." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 04 (October 2019): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700371.
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Abstract Objectives Primary aim of this study was to evaluate survival rate of lithium disilicate veneers in upper and lower anterior teeth. Secondary aims were to evaluate changing in proportions of teeth before and after restorations and to assess mean thickness of the veneers. Materials and Methods Seventy-nine upper and lower lithium disilicate veneers were made in 13 patients with worn teeth. Mean follow-up was 3 years. To perform anterior definitive rehabilitations, malocclusions and loss of vertical dimension were treated by full mouth rehabilitations to obtain proper occlusal conditions. Veneers were made of lithium disilicate core and fluorapatite-based ceramic stratification. Survival rate was calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Changing in teeth proportion before and after restorations was analyzed by a paired t-test. Descriptive statistics of thickness values were also performed. Results One case of detachment was observed with a 98.7% survival rate. Teeth’s proportions were preserved although the first upper right incisor and canine changed in dimension. Conclusions Lithium disilicate veneers in esthetical rehabilitations of worn teeth proved to be an effective way of treatment in a medium follow-up of 3 years. Proportions seemed to be maintained with a minimum dental removal.
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Yu, Bin, Ho-Nam Lim, and Yong-Keun Lee. "Influence of nano- and micro-filler proportions on the optical property stability of experimental dental resin composites." Materials & Design 31, no. 10 (December 2010): 4719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.05.019.
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Fortes, Helena Nunes da Rocha, Thamirys Correia Guimarães, Ivana Mara Lira Belo, and Edgard Norões Rodrigues da Matta. "Photometric analysis of esthetically pleasant and unpleasant facial profile." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 2 (April 2014): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.2.066-075.oar.
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Objective: To identify which linear, angular and proportionality measures could influence a profile to be considered esthetically pleasant or unpleasant, and to assess sexual dimorphism. Methods: 150 standardized facial profile photographs of dental students of both sexes were obtained and printed on photographic paper. Ten plastic surgeons, ten orthodontists and ten layperson answered a questionnaire characterizing each profile as pleasant, acceptable or unpleasant. With the use of a score system, the 15 most pleasant and unpleasant profiles of each sex were selected. The photographs were scanned into AutoCAD computer software. Linear, angular and proportion measurements were obtained using the software tools. The average values between groups were compared by the Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney test at 5%. Results: The linear measures LL-S, LL-H, LL-E, LL-B and Pn-H showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Statistical differences were also found in the angular measures G'.Pn.Pg', G'.Sn.Pg' and Sn.Me'.C and in the proportions G'-Sn:Sn-Me' and Sn-Gn':Gn'-C (p < 0.05). Differences between sexes were found for the linear measure Ala-Pn, angles G'-Pg'.N-Pn, Sn.Me'.C, and proportions Gn'-Sn:Sn-Me' and Ala-Pn:N'-Sn. (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The anteroposterior position of the lower lip, the amount of nose that influences the profile, facial convexity, total vertical proportion and lip-chin proportion appear to influence pleasantness of facial profile. Sexual dimorphism was identified in nasal length, nasofacial and lower third of the face angles, total vertical and nasal height/length proportions.
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Nakayama, Rena, Akira Nishiyama, and Masahiko Shimada. "Bruxism-Related Signs and Periodontal Disease: A Preliminary Study." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812010400.
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Background: The effect of awake and sleep bruxism on periodontal disease has not been evaluated separately to date. Furthermore, there are few studies that have focused on awake bruxism with light force. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the frequency of sleep and awake bruxism in patients with periodontal disease. Methods: The subjects were 57 patients with periodontal disease who visited the Department of Periodontics of the Dental Hospital affiliated with Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire consisting of three items on bruxism (sleep and awake bruxism), and the maximum community periodontal index was investigated. Results: The proportions of individuals with high sleep bruxism-related signs and high awake bruxism-related signs were 6.0% and 44.0%, respectively. No significant difference was found in the comparison of maximum community periodontal index proportions between individuals with high sleep bruxism-related signs and high awake bruxism-related signs. Conclusion: The results of this survey of patients with periodontal disease showed that the proportion of subjects with high awake bruxism-related signs subjects was higher than those of the subjects with high sleep bruxism-related signs. Sleep bruxism has attracted attention as a factor influencing periodontal disease, and our data suggest that patients with periodontal disease demonstrate more bruxism while being awake than during sleep.
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Kadhim, Mohammed O., Wisam A. Latif, Fayq Hsan Jabbar, and Sura T. Nassir. "Effect of Copper Content Addition to Dental Amalgam Properties." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.2.nq21015.
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A set of high-copper amalgam alloys have been prepared based on the change in the ratio of copper to silver using elemental components of high purity 99.9%. The amalgamation processes were done by mixing alloy powders with mercury at a fixed ratio. Structural properties were studied using X-ray diffraction and Optical Microscopy. Also, microhardness, and compressive strength were used to study some other important mechanical properties. The prepared amalgams were compared with well-known commercial amalgams; ANA 2000 and Standalloy F. The results of X-ray diffraction showed several prime phases in alloys and amalgams whose proportions and distribution depended on the copper content in the alloy. The results of mechanical test measurements showed a linear increase in the mechanical properties with increasing copper content in the amalgams. The results were similar to the measured values of the commercial amalgam.
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Szczesio-Wlodarczyk, Agata, Monika Domarecka, Karolina Kopacz, Jerzy Sokolowski, and Kinga Bociong. "An Evaluation of the Properties of Urethane Dimethacrylate-Based Dental Resins." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112727.
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Most of the dental materials available on the market are still based on traditional monomers such as bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA). The interactions that arise in the monomer mixture and the characteristics of the resulting polymer network are the most important factors, which define the final properties of dental materials. The use of three different monomers in proper proportions may create a strong polymer matrix. In this paper, fourteen resin materials, based on urethane dimethacrylate with different co-monomers such as Bis-GMA or Bis-EMA, were evaluated. TEGDMA was used as the diluting monomer. The flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), and hardness (HV) were determined. The impacts of material composition on the water absorption and dissolution were evaluated as well. The highest FS was 89.5 MPa, while the lowest was 69.7 MPa. The median DTS for the tested materials was found to range from 20 to 30 MPa. The hardness of the tested materials ranged from 14 to 16 HV. UDMA/TEGDMA matrices were characterized by the highest adsorption values. The overall results indicated that changes in the materials’ properties are not strictly proportional to the material’s compositional changes. The matrices showed good properties when the composite contained an equal mixture of Bis-GMA/Bis-EMA and UDMA or the content of the UDMA monomer was higher.
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Wetherell, John, Tracey Winning, and Grant Townsend. "Localized Asymmetry in Human Dental Crown Form—an Interesting Case." Dental Anthropology Journal 17, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v17i1.140.
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A case of a 20-year-old female is described in which the premolars and molars on the right side of the arch display altered crown proportions and altered occlusal morphology. There is no evidence of an orofacial congenital disorder or history of trauma. It is argued that the asymmetrical expression of crown form does not fall within the normal range of variation but has resulted from a localized disruption in cellular function within the developing tooth germs, probably upsetting the folding of the internal enamel epithelia. This has produced crowns that have rounded cuspal outlines and reduced intercuspal distances. Superimposed space constraints in the mandible may have also led to compression of the lower molar crowns mesiodistally and affected their root formation.
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Chicarelli, Mariliani, Fernanda P. Bragatto, Amanda VB Kasuya, Wilton M. Takeshita, Liogi Iwaki-Filho, and Lilian CV Iwaki. "Golden Proportion Analysis of Dental–Skeletal Patterns of Class II and III Patients Pre and Post Orthodontic-orthognathic Treatment." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 9 (2016): 728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1920.
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ABSTRACT Introduction The golden proportion has been used in dentistry in an attempt to improve facial function and, possibly, esthetics by simplifying the diagnosis of facial and dental disharmony. The aim of this study is to analyze pre- and postoperative cephalometric tracings of lateral cephalograms of patients with class II and III deformities submitted to orthognathic surgery, and verify if the 13 dental–skeletal patterns (ratios), as defined by Ricketts, moved closer to or further away from the golden proportion. Materials and methods A total of 110 lateral cephalometric radiographs, 55 obtained preoperatively and 55 postoperatively, were analyzed using Dolphin Imaging software. Results Radiographs analysis demonstrated that ratios 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13 remained statistically different from the golden proportion postoperatively. Ratio 12 was the only one to move closer to the golden number, while the opposite happened with ratio 6, which moved further away after the surgery. Ratios 2 and 11 kept statistically similar to the golden proportion both pre and postoperatively. Conclusion It may be concluded that orthognathic surgery had little effect on the proportions studied, and that the golden proportion was not present in the majority of the ratios analyzed neither before nor after surgery. Clinical significance Determine whether the facial patterns approach the golden ratio after surgical correction. Also determine whether the golden ratio may be a standard to guide the surgical treatment of patients with skeletal patterns of type II and III. How to cite this article Bragatto FP, Chicarelli M, Kasuya AVB, Takeshita WM, Iwaki-Filho L, Iwaki LCV. Golden Proportion Analysis of Dental–Skeletal Patterns of Class II and III Patients Pre and Post Orthodontic-orthognathic Treatment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(9):728-733.
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Thomas*, Anitha, M. Shailaja Raj, and Jagirdar Venkataramana. "TiO2: ZnO nanocomposites in treatment of dental plaques." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 4977. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.10.0012.
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Dental caries is a major concern effecting most of the individuals today. Statistics show that 69% of adults aged 35 to 44 years have lost permanent tooth due to accident, gum disease failed root canal or tooth decay. Dental plaque is a general term for the diverse microbial community found on tooth surface, embedded in matrix of polymers of bacteria. Nanoparticles considered being of a size not greater than 100 nm have unique properties to combat infection. Nanocomposite is a matrix to which nanoparticles have been added to improve a particular property of the material. The present study deals with the antimicrobial studies of nanocomposite preparations of Titanium dioxide and Zinc oxide. Titanium dioxide and Zinc oxide nanocomposites are found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria. The present work is to prepare different proportions of nanocomposites of these oxides and find out if the effectivity is more when compared to using the nanoparticle alone. Some nanocomposite materials have been shown to be 1000 times tougher than the bulk component materials. The study carried out shows that the antimicrobial activity of nanocomposites is more effective than the nanoparticle alone providing best alternative to dental implant surgery.
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Nassar, Hani M., and Ensanya A. Abou Neel. "Awareness and Utilization of Bulk-Fill Composites among Dental Practitioners in Saudi Arabia." Open Dentistry Journal 15, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602115010160.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and utilization of Bulk-Fill (BF) resin composites among dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: An online survey was distributed through Twitter, Instagram and WhatsApp applications among dentists in Saudi Arabia. A 31-item questionnaire covering personal data, general knowledge and utilization of BF composites was used. Responses were collected and analyzed for trends. A knowledge scale was developed based on answers with specific weight for each correct answer provided by the participants. A score of ≥ 50% was considered as a satisfactory knowledge level for participants. Statistical analysis was conducted using One-sample Z- and Chi-square tests followed by Bonferroni correction at 0.05 significance level. Results: The total number of participants of the survey was 183, of which 41.5% had some knowledge and utilized BF composites in their practice. Only 9.84% of the participants score ≥ 50% on the knowledge scale. A significantly low proportion recognized accurately the compositional difference between BF and conventional resin composite as well as the minimum irradiance values needed for proper polymerization of BF. There was no effect for gender or years of experience on the knowledge or utilization of BF materials (p-value = 0.172). Conclusion: The proportions of practitioners with adequate knowledge and utilization of BF materials were very low. Additional focus must be provided in order to expose graduating dentists to advances in resin composite formulations.
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Mariyanov, Martin. "COMPARISON BETWEEN STANDARD AND MOBILE DENTAL PHOTOGRAPHY." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11858.
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Introduction:With the constant improvement of technology in recent years, mobile dental photography is gaining more and more popularity. Mobile phones have almost completely replaced compact cameras in everyday life. Aim:The aim is to determine whether a mobile phone can be used to take standard pictures of patients in daily dental practice. Material and methods:A total of 330extraoral photographs were taken of 33 patients. 10 photos were taken of each of them (5 extraoral and 5 intraoral).From the five photos there were one taken with a DSLR camera and four with a mobile phone with different magnification x2, x3, x4 and x5 and respectively from different distances. Eleven linear parameters were measured and compared. Results: In the photos taken with a mobile phone there is a deformation of the image compared to the photos taken with a DSLR camera at all magnifications. The largest deformation is at twice the magnification. The image is close to the photos taken with a DSLR camera at four and five times the magnification. Conclusion:The mobile phone is applicable for the extraoral dental photography. At four times magnification(x4) and distance of 110 cm the deformation of the image is negligible and the quality of the photos is good. For the intraoral photos if there is a need for an image with the correct and as close as possible to the actual proportions of the teeth, the first choice is the DSLR camera.
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McLaren, Sean W., Dorota T. Kopycka-Kedzierawski, and Jed Nordfelt. "Accuracy of teledentistry examinations at predicting actual treatment modality in a pediatric dentistry clinic." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 23, no. 8 (August 9, 2016): 710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x16661428.
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Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of predicting dental treatment modalities for children seen initially by means of a live-video teledentistry consultation. Methods A retrospective dental record review was completed of 251 rural pediatric patients from the Finger Lakes region of New York State who had an initial teledentistry appointment with a board-certified pediatric dentist located remotely at the Eastman Institute for Oral Health in Rochester, NY. Proportions of children who were referred for specific treatment modalities and who completed treatment and proportions of children for whom the treatment recommendation was changed were calculated. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess statistical significance. Results The initial treatment modality was not changed for 221/251 (88%) children initially seen for a teledentistry consultation. Thirty (12%) children had the initial treatment modality changed, most frequently children who were initially suggested treatment with nitrous oxide. Based on the initial treatment modality, changes to a different treatment modality were statistically significant (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Our data suggest that the use of a live-video teledentistry consultation can be an effective way of predicting the best treatment modality for rural children with significant dental disease. A live-video teledentistry consultation can be an effective intervention to facilitate completion of complex treatment plans for children from a rural area that have extensive dental needs.
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Luong, Hang Minh, Tra Thu Nguyen, Huy-Thinh Tran, Phung Thi Tran, Phuong-Nga Nguyen, Huong Thu Nguyen, Duc Minh Nguyen, Hanh Tran Thi Duc, and Son Minh Tong. "Oro-Dental Health and Primary Nephrotic Syndrome among Vietnamese Children." Children 8, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8060494.
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Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is common in children, affecting the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. This study aimed to investigate the percentage of dental caries, gingivitis, hypertrophic gingivitis, and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in children with PNS. The association of PNS with these diseases and oral care behavior was also assessed. A total of 407 children with PNS and 407 age- and gender-matched controls were recruited. PNS was diagnosed based on blood and urinary tests. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), the Gingival Index (GI), the Gingival Overgrowth Index (GOI), the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index (dmft/DMFT), and DDE were collected. The PNS patients showed significantly higher scores of OHI-S, GI, and dmft, and higher proportions of dental caries and DDE than those of the controls (p < 0.001). It is necessary to establish a periodic dental protocol for PNS patients to improve their oral health status.
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Trinkaus, Erik. "European early modern humans and the fate of the Neandertals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 18 (April 23, 2007): 7367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702214104.
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A consideration of the morphological aspects of the earliest modern humans in Europe (more than ≈33,000 B.P.) and the subsequent Gravettian human remains indicates that they possess an anatomical pattern congruent with the autapomorphic (derived) morphology of the earliest (Middle Paleolithic) African modern humans. However, they exhibit a variable suite of features that are either distinctive Neandertal traits and/or plesiomorphic (ancestral) aspects that had been lost among the African Middle Paleolithic modern humans. These features include aspects of neurocranial shape, basicranial external morphology, mandibular ramal and symphyseal form, dental morphology and size, and anteroposterior dental proportions, as well as aspects of the clavicles, scapulae, metacarpals, and appendicular proportions. The ubiquitous and variable presence of these morphological features in the European earlier modern human samples can only be parsimoniously explained as a product of modest levels of assimilation of Neandertals into early modern human populations as the latter dispersed across Europe. This interpretation is in agreement with current analyses of recent and past human molecular data.
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Soares, Adriana de Jesus, Maíra do Prado, Mariana Amade Brazão, Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes, and Alexandre Augusto Zaia. "The biocompatibility of a new endodontic paste used in dental trauma." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 44, no. 4 (August 2015): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.0079.
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<title>Abstract</title><sec><title>Objective</title><p>This study investigated the short-term subcutaneous tissue reaction of a new endodontic paste, based on the association among calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>], 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in comparison with a control paste, and the individual substances alone.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and method</title><p>Twenty-four male wistar rats were used. Polyethylene tubes containing the materials were implanted into the dorsal connective tissue of rats. Empty implanted tubes served as controls. The materials used were: Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>+CHX+ZnO paste in two different proportions (2:1:2) and (2:1:3), a control paste, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>+CHX (2:1), and the substances alone. After time intervals of 2, 3, 7 and 15 days, the animals were euthanized and the specimens prepared for histological processing. Data were evaluated qualitatively according to the levels of tissue repair and the degree of inflammation.</p></sec><sec><title>Result</title><p>On the second day all the materials were observed to cause a severe inflammatory response. On the third day, the pastes Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>+CHX+ZnO (2:1:2) and (2:1:3) showed reduction in degree of inflammation. On seventh day the tissue was already more organized with presence of collagen fibers in all materials. After 15 days it was found that compound Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>+CHX+ZnO (2:1:2) showed areas with no inflammatory infiltrate.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The experimental pastes, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>+CHX+ZnO in two different proportions (2:1:2) and (2:1:3), showed favorable results with respect to biocompatibility, when evaluated for a short-term.</p></sec>