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Nakanaga, Motoki. "The Evaluation of the School-Based Flouride Mouthrinse Program in a Fluoridated Community." TopSCHOLAR®, 1991. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2678.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a school-based fluoride mouthrinse program in a fluoridated community. Such an evaluation is important because the effect of such programs may decrease over time due to the widespread use of fluoride.
Two elementary schools were chosen. One had a fluoride mouthrinse program: the other did not. The subjects were children in grades one and six. Their caries experience was examined using dft. dfs. DFT, and DFS scores.
There were no statistically significant differences between the two schools. The program had no significant effect in the community studied.
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Fielden, Jennifer E. "An Evaluation of the Quality Assurance Plan at East Tennessee State University’s Dental Hygiene Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2298.
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Quality assurance in healthcare is fundamental in ensuring the achievement of desired outcomes for patients. In 2011 a quality assurance plan was created at the East Tennessee State University (ETSU) dental hygiene program in order to meet accreditation standards. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this plan in order to determine its effectiveness in improving the quality of patient care indicators. One hundred fifty patient charts were selected and audited. Deficiencies were counted in the categories of assessment, treatment, documentation, referral, caries management, perio management, patient education, and follow-up. Research findings were varied; however, external variables with the potential to affect the study’s results were identified. Furthermore, statistical process control procedures indicated that the quality assurance program was effective or had the potential to be effective. Although further research is warranted, this study could be used to improve quality assurance practices at the ETSU dental hygiene program.
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Perez, Alicia Carmen Marlena. "Program Evaluation of the Employee Health and Wellbeing Program." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7568.
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Health promotion and disease prevention are a focus of population health management. Without ongoing and rigorous evaluation, these programs may be in jeopardy of continuing. The purpose of this project was to conduct a descriptive population health- focused evaluation of a large-scale health system's employee health and wellbeing program. Guided by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) framework for program evaluation in public health and National Center for Organization Development guidelines, a nurse-led evaluation was conducted using 5 specific data sets emphasizing organizational structure, employee health offerings, employee surveys, Pathway to Excellence survey, and program contributions. A descriptive analysis was applied towards interpreting the organizational structure, and identifying all contributions to employee wellness. Inferential analysis was applied to identify correlations between survey results. The findings of the evaluation were mixed. The organizational structure of the program complied with CDC wellness program guidelines; of the 97 service departments surveyed, results revealed an 83.51% improvement in engagement, disengagement, satisfaction, best places to work, and customer satisfaction. The Pathway to Excellence survey results revealed a supportive organizational structure for a culture of wellness. The program contribution analysis showed that the health system provided accessible wellness and health promotion opportunities. Positive social change may result from this evaluation as the program is reinforced and the focus on employee wellness, health promotion, and disease prevention services are continued. As a result, the lives of employees, their families, and communities might be improved.
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Schrage, Andrea Michelle. "Kansans move into health: a program evaluation." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7003.
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Master of Public Health<br>Public Health Interdepartmental Program<br>Tandalayo Kidd<br>Heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes are the leading causes of death in the United States. In addition, the prevalence of obesity has significantly increased since the 1970s. In Kansas, 37% of adults are overweight and 24% are obese. These chronic diseases and conditions tend to be prevented by and/or managed with both adequate physical activity and a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. In Kansas 48.5% of adults meet the current recommendations for physical activity set by the American Heart Association, while 20% of adults consume the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables. Public health officials need to work together to encourage Kansas adults to increase their participation in physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables to help prevent future health problems or manage current chronic diseases.
To help address these health issues in Kansas, Kansas State University Research and Extension developed the 8-week Kansans Move into Health nutrition and physical activity program, building its framework around the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Using TPB, participants address attitudes and perceived norms as well as perform specific behaviors associated with healthy eating and physical activity.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of condensing the 8-week nutrition and physical activity program into four one-hour classes using a pre- and post-survey. Nineteen participants from the Johnson County community signed up to participate with 63% (n=12) completing the program. Results indicated that participants changed their belief that nutritious foods are more expensive (p≤0.05). Furthermore, participants gained knowledge in how to prepare healthy snacks that are quick and easy. All other measures did not change (n=19; p>0.05). Future research evaluating longer program interventions could better assess attitudes and perceived norms associated with healthy behaviors and determine whether the increase in knowledge leads to behavior change.
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Johar, Meliyanni Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Three essays on econometric evaluation of public health interventions." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43400.
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This dissertation consists of three independent essays evaluating the impact of public health interventions in two countries, Indonesia and Australia. The first two essays concern the national pro-poor health card program in Indonesia, which fully subsidises health care purchases by its recipients. In quantifying the impact of the program, the combination of propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques is used to address bias due to non-random assignment. Covariates to match include both variables affecting demand and eligibility and variables measuring local health care supply. Using data from the single, nationally-representative longitudinal study of Indonesian households, the program is found to have limited impact. The second essay evaluates the program??s impact on supply variables. In the absence of a wage revision or additional staff, the program lowers the incentives for health workers to maintain their public position. This is particularly true for those workers providing outpatient care as patients can not be controlled by waiting lists. The analysis finds some evidence of reduced number of full-time doctors in areas where the distribution of health cards were most extensive. The final essay uses Australian data to investigate changes in women??s preferences for cervical screening following a screening promotion campaign and a vaccination program. Discrete choice experiments were used to elicit preferences, and results from experiments conducted prior and after the interventions were compared. Several additional comparison groups were created based on spatial variations and by variation induced by randomisation. The study finds that the interventions have minor impact on how women valued various screening attributes. However, there was a general reduction in the willingness to screen, which was unexpected given the awareness campaign. Through simulation, it is shown that an effective way to increase the screening rate is through encouraging a more active role of the provider.
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Chedid, Rebecca. "Prenatal Health Is Public Health: Best Practices for Prenatal Health Program Design, Implementation and Evaluation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37303.
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Prenatal health programs and public health promotion provide strategies to mitigate modifiable risks to pregnancy. Women marginalized by race/ethnicity, disability, sexual identity, socioeconomic status, immigration, Francophone and Indigenous status experience barriers to prenatal service access. Multijurisdictional program evaluations were conducted to review prenatal health promotion, design, implementation and evaluation strategies for Canadian government-hosted websites, prenatal e-classes and international prenatal guidance documents. Gaps were noted in prenatal content targeted to non-Anglophone, immigrant, Indigenous and disabled women and LGBTQ communities. I recommend that prenatal program best practices consist of evidence-based, theoretical foundations which recognize the diverse interacting determinants of health across the lifespan. Intersectoral collaborations and integration of public health into primary care facilitates delivery of accessible, inclusive, woman-centred services. These best practices are anticipated to help harmonize prenatal programs across communities, which optimize maternal-child health and children’s long-term health outcomes.
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Emmelin, Maria. "Self-rated health in public health evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-226.
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Vallabhan, Monique. "Program Evaluation of a Motivational Interviewing Intervention With Adolescents to Prevent Obesity." Thesis, New Mexico State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3663312.
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<p> Problem: Adolescent obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an emerging intervention for adolescent health risk behavior that has promise. Despite its potential fit in primary health care contexts, primary care providers tend to express reticence in learning or adopting MI practices. This program evaluation project assessed the usefulness of Motivational Interviewing (MI) by primary care providers with adolescents in school based health centers that was implemented by a large randomized clinical trial (RCT) in southwest United States high schools. </p><p> Methods: As part of the RCT, the primary care providers were required to do MI sessions with 66, 45, 25, and 91 youth participants respectively at their School-based site. It was anticipated that providers would be increasingly comfortable with MI between their first and final participant and that youth would be increasingly satisfied as provider comfort increased. To evaluate this, as part of the RCT, a set of primary care providers working with youth in school based health centers were trained through didactic sessions, homework, and role-play. School-based providers were provided an introductory training in MI, MI reading materials, a study manual, and were required to participate in bimonthly tele-coaching to ensure treatment integrity and fidelity. Primary care provider and adolescent participant survey data from session 1 of the RCT was analyzed to determine provider comfort with MI and adolescent satisfaction with MI.</p><p> Summary of findings: Despite the standard training practices, providers showed a range of interest in comfort with the intervention. However, as anticipated, overall primary care providers became significantly more comfortable with MI on the final day of the MI sessions with increased use (p < 0.01). Adolescent participants overall were highly satisfied with MI regardless of time with no significant differences over time.</p><p> Implications for Practice: Primary care providers have not embraced MI as it is perceived as time consuming and challenging, yet over time the primary care providers in this project became significantly more comfortable with MI while youth were highly satisfied independent of provider comfort. Integrating MI into clinical practice has promising implications to get more effective treatment to high-need and underserved youth.</p>
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Kenney, Landolt Susan. "Evaluation of the Program Delivery of Every Women's Life in Virginia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1810.
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Introduction: Among women, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. Although technology advances have improved survival rates for breast cancer overall, improvements have not been universally experienced by all socioeconomic and racial groups. Known determinants of breast cancer care disparities include socioeconomic status, race, age, and social support. As a part of the Breast and Cervical Cancer Mortality Prevention Act of 1990 and with the help of CDC funding, the Virginia Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (BCCEDP) or Every Woman’s Life (EWL) was created. EWL provides breast cancer screening to female VA residents between the ages of 18 and 64 who lack health insurance and fall at or below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine if delays in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, within the VDH program EWL, differs based on sociodemographic characteristics and/ or regional location. Methods: From its inception to July 2008, 705 women received a breast cancer diagnosis through the EWL program. For these 705 cases prevalence and crude odds ratios were calculated for both diagnosis and treatment delays for all of the demographic variables along with 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated for sociodemographic variables against screening to diagnosis delays and diagnosis to treatment disparities along with 95% confidence intervals. Results: According to the crude odds ratios more women who fall into the other category of race experienced diagnosis delays (OR=2.28 [1.11, 4.67]), but they were more likely to receive treatment in a timely manner (OR=0.29 [0.11, 0.79]). Women living alone were also more likely to experience diagnosis delays (OR=1.49 [1.10, 3.02]). Hispanic women were more likely to receive treatment in a more timely manner than non-Hispanic women (OR=0.21 [0.05, 0.81]). Also, women being treated in any other region than northern VA were more likely to experience treatment delays. However, according to the adjusted odds ratios, the only significant timing delay was the one experienced more often by women in the other race category. Conclusion: The research indicates known indicators of disparities within cancer care as socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, age, and social support. The findings of this study indicate that the only significant indicator of disparity within the Every Women’s Life program is race. Although, African-American women were just as likely to receive timely diagnosis and treatment as white women in the program, it was the combined groups of Asian, American Indian, and other women that were more likely to experience diagnosis, but not treatment, delays. The fact that no other significant indicators of disparities were found within EWL indicates a success of the program, as EWL is targeting those women that would have otherwise been missed by the system.
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Smith, Gene A. "Perceptions and evaluation of a physical activity program." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1351008920.
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Foltysova, Jirina. "Validation of Reconstructed Program Theory." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311310.
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Background: The focus of this dissertation is on methods associated with evaluating a program's merit and worth. There are many approaches documented in the literature for evaluating merit and worth. The focus is only on theory driven evaluation (TDE). The premise of TDE is the program theory (PT) must be understood before being able to evaluate the merit and worth of a program. One of the early limitations in the TDE literature was a lack of methods for deriving PT. Renger has recently published methodology describing how existing source documentation could be to develop a program theory. A key component of Renger's methodology is the validation of the PT. Renger suggested using subject matter experts (SME) and program staff to validate the PT. However, it is uncertain whether relying on SMEs to validate a PT is sufficient. Objectives/Methods: Thus the current work focuses on whether there is empirical (i.e., research) and/or statistical (i.e., correlation analyses) support for a PT generated by SMEs. Results: Findings of the correlation analysis provide some evidence of the effectiveness of SMEs validation process. Specifically, weak or very weak statistical support was found for 56.25% (N=9) of relationships between mechanisms of change depicted in the model from Aim 5 (N=16). The results of targeted literature review indicate a strong relationship between the PT generated by SMEs and targeted literature search. Specifically, research evidence was found for 13 (81%) relationships between mechanisms of change identified in the model from Aim 5. Conclusion: PT can be reconstructed from source documentation. Reconstructed PT should be validated. Validation by SME appears to be time a fast, cost-effective way of getting feedback on the initial draft of PT. However, due to the limited scope of targeted literature search and correlational analysis, it is not possible to conclusively determine whether relying on subject matter experts is sufficient to validate reconstructed Program Theory. More research on TDE validation methods is needed.
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Taft, Sara. "Hand Function Evaluation for Dental Hygiene Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2326.
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Dental hygiene students may struggle in dental hygiene curriculum in regards to hand function. Currently, this is not an aspect dental hygiene programs screen for or have protocol in place to help students. The research in the study examined if hand function could improve with hand function exercises and if exercises improved instrumentation scores. During a 6-week pilot study, an occupational therapist tested the hand function of a cohort of dental hygiene students. The results were recorded and the students began a 6-week hand function exercise regimen. After 6 weeks the same evaluations were preformed and the pre- and posttest data were compared. Statistical tests showed a significant improvement in hand function. After the hand function testing was complete, the scores of the cohort on the periodontal probe and 11/12 explorer were compared to students in the previous 5 cohorts. No significant improvement was made on the instrumentation scores.
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Hodgins, Faith. "A mixed methods evaluation of Childsmile's targeted and tailored Dental Health Support Worker intervention." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8086/.
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This thesis contributes to a national evaluation of a Dental Health Support Worker (DHSW) intervention in Scotland. The DHSW intervention is a targeted component of Childsmile; an oral health improvement programme which aims to improve the oral health of children and reduce oral health inequalities. DHSWs facilitate families in registering with, and attending, a dental practice, support oral health behaviour change at home, and signpost families to wider community initiatives. In programme development, elements proposed to be critical to the success of the DHSW intervention were: effective targeting of ‘the right children’ and ensuring the intervention is ‘tailored to families’ needs’. When the programme was rolled out across Scotland, there was a lack of consensus about how these elements should be implemented. Furthermore, some aspects of the programme were adapted to suit the characteristics of the local Scottish health boards. This thesis aims to explore how ‘targeting’ and ‘tailoring’ were being implemented in the DHSW intervention, how they should be implemented in order to be optimally effective, and the effect of the DHSW intervention on dental participation at the early phase of implementation. A systematic review and mixed methods study were conducted. The systematic review synthesised evidence on the implementation of tailoring in effective lay health worker interventions. The mixed methods study looked at how targeting and tailoring were implemented within the Childsmile DHSW intervention and its impact on child dental participation. The mixed methods study involved quantitative analysis of linked administrative health datasets and qualitative analysis of focus groups and interviews with Childsmile stakeholders, synthesising the findings from a pragmatic stance. Findings show that ‘the right children’ were defined by stakeholders as any child in a family identified as vulnerable (for whatever reason) whose family must be ready to engage with the intervention. The right child is not every child or children in families facing acute health or social issues that may inhibit engagement. In the early stage of implementation of the intervention, there was some evidence of targeting of the right children from a socio-economic and oral health risk position. Nonetheless, there were differences between health boards in the extent to which this targeted approach was adopted and the extent to which the Childsmile referral pathway was being utilised. ‘Tailoring to families’ needs’ should involve assessing individual families’ needs and then providing differential support matched to those specific needs. There was some evidence that DHSWs were tailoring the intervention in line with some of the features of tailoring found to be effective in other LHW programmes; however, there were many barriers that restricted DHSWs’ freedom to tailor to families’ needs. Barriers included: health visitors not providing background information with the referral; DHSWs having responsibilities outside of Childsmile Practice; dental practices not notifying DHSWs of children who fail to attend appointments; a lack of consensus within the programme on whether DHSWs should deliver a brief intervention or whether it can be more intensive support where necessary; and, communication difficulties across language barriers. Despite this, there was clear evidence that the DHSW intervention had been effective at this early stage of implementation. Moderate effects on dental participation were observed across Scotland in all risk groups. Across Scotland, there was a 17% difference in dental participation between groups who did and did not receive the intervention, and children were more likely to participate sooner if they had received an intervention. Recommendations for the Childsmile programme follow three key themes: (1) reform the referral pathway; (2) develop working policies to help reduce organisational barriers to DHSWs delivering an effective intervention; and, (3) although challenging within the health service system, improve selection criteria of DHSWs and enhance subsequent training to highlight the unique benefits lay people bring to these roles.
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Hunsicker, Jamie. "Evaluation of the Kenton Hardin County Family Bike Program." Case Western Reserve University Doctor of Nursing Practice / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=casednp1571153144525499.
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Tucker, Claire. "The Impact of Transfer Shock in a Dental Hygiene Program at a Four-Year Health-Sciences University." Thesis, University of Arkansas, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10979111.
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<p> In order for a student to be successful in dental hygiene education, the student must gain the required knowledge and skills necessary to perform as a hygienist and possess the ability to utilize critical thinking to apply these attributes while in the program and on the National Board of Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE) (Alzahrani, Thompson, & Bauman, 2007; Fried, Maxey, Battani, Gurenlian, Byrd, & Brunick, 2017). Dental hygiene students who attend a medical university have the option to take required pre-requisite courses at a community college or a four-year university. All dental hygiene students transfer from another institution and all have the potential to exhibit transfer shock, which may contribute to a drop in GPA following the transfer to another institution. Transfer shock typically occurs for students who transfer from a community college to a university (Hills 1965; Ivins, Copenhaver, & Koclanes, 2016). This study investigates the impact of transfer shock on students who transfer into a dental hygiene program from a two-year community college as opposed to a four-year university. This study examined whether the type of institution, two-year community college versus a four-year university, attended prior to dental hygiene school is a predictor of success in a dental hygiene program in terms of ending program GPA and NBDHE first-attempt pass rates. After data analysis, results suggested that transfer shock did occur with both community college and four-year university students,. However, the four-year university group experienced less transfer shock than those who attended a community college during the first semester. Neither group increased their GPAs from the first to second semesters in the program. When comparing the entering GPAs with the end of program GPAs, both groups showed a significant drop. However, the community college group’s decrease in GPA was greater. Only five students in the total population (two from the four-year university group and three from the community college group) failed the NBDHE on the first attempt. Students who were unsuccessful in passing the NBDHE had final program GPAs that ranged from 2.2 to 2.45.</p><p>
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Gallegos, Patricia. "Effectiveness of the prenatal to three parenting classes : a program evaluation /." San Rafael, Calif. : Dominican University of California, 2004. http://www.thecouncil.net/prenatal.html.
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Jessani, Abbas Ali. "Self-reported oral health and dental service utilization of vulnerable pregnant women registering for the prenatal public health program in Fraser Health, BC, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46132.
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Objective: To determine the baseline self-reported oral health and dental service utilization of pregnant women from diverse ethno cultural backgrounds within the geographical are of the Fraser Health Authority in British Columbia, Canada.
Method: A prospective 34-item cross-sectional survey was administered to all the women enrolling for a prenatal registration program between October 2012 and January 2013. For data analysis, a two-sample t-test was used, and categorical variables were tested using a chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratio.
Results: A total of 740 pregnant women filled out the questionnaire. The majority (84%) of the respondents rated their oral health as good or excellent. Fifty two percent of the women had visited dental professional during last year. Almost 1/3 of those reporting symptoms of depression rated their oral health as fair or poor. Forty-one percent reported having bleeding gums, 22% experienced tooth sensitivity, and 13% had persistent dry mouth since the beginning of their pregnancy. When asked about the beliefs associated with pregnancy, 37% of the respondents expected bleeding gums, and 34% expected tooth sensitivity. Women born in India had visited a dental professional 2.8 times more often than women who had been born elsewhere. Those with dental insurance were 6.6 times more likely to visit a dentist than those without insurance.
Conclusion: The majority of pregnant women considered dental care during pregnancy to be very important and had previously visited a dental professional within the last year. However, more than 1/3 had experienced one or more oral problems while more than half held false beliefs about the effects of pregnancy upon oral health. These reported oral beliefs and problems could be addressed with patient education during routine pre-natal care and subsequent referral to a dentist if needed.
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Decosimo, C. Alexis. "The Evaluation of a Psychosocial Expressive Arts Program in Liberia During the Ebola Epidemic." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3255.
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Disaster, community-wide trauma, and epidemics can have devastating effects on a child’s emotional and psychological wellbeing (Wethington, Hahn, Fuqua-Whitley et al., 2008). The 2014-2015 Liberian Ebola epidemic was detrimental to a country still recovering from a 14-year war. In Liberia alone there were 10,678 confirmed cases and 4,810 Ebola deaths (CDC, 2016). The physical, emotional, and psychological toll of this epidemic was extraordinary. An United States non-profit, Playing to Live (PTL), worked alongside the Liberian government, ministries and local and international organizations to find an innovative solution to the psychological and emotional healing of children and families most affected. This solution used best practices in expressive arts therapy, mental health, and train the trainer models. The purposes of these studies were to evaluate the process of the PTL programming, the outcome effects based on pre-and posttests of child participants psychological stress symptoms (PSS), and explore lessons learned and implications for future programming. Process evaluation results indicated positive reactions to programming from both facilitators and child participants. Results also brought forth considerations for future programming. Outcome data from the pre-and post PSS symptoms showed a significant decrease for both 5-months and 3-months of PTL programming. In addition, a significant difference on pre-and post-symptoms for the 5-month and 3-month treatment groups was found, indicating that longer treatment yields greater results. A review of best practices and lessons learned was discussed for future implications for PTL and similar programs.
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Wang, Ming-Sen. "Three Essays on Economics of Public Policy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321492.
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My dissertation focuses on developing and applying program evaluation techniques to better understanding how public policies affect low-income households and social mobility. In general, my research attempts to address three questions regarding the effect of public policies: (1) What is the long-term effect of the policy? (2) Does the policy foster social mobility? (3) Is there an unintended consequence of the policy? In my view, equality of opportunity is one of the pillars of a free society. I favor the idea that poor children have equal opportunities for success. Since children from low-income families grow up in a relatively disadvantaged environment, public policies that redistribute resources to poor children can foster social mobility. However, as well-documented in the literature, redistribution policies lead to a change in incentives. In some cases, these unintended consequences offset the ``benevolence" of the policy. As a labor economist interested in policy analysis, I focus on evaluating a policy from these three perspectives. In the three essays in my dissertation, I answer the policy-relevant questions using different econometric approaches. When an exogenous policy change is available, a simple econometric model with few assumptions can provide credible answers. If we do not have a natural experiment in the context of the question, I model the selection process so that we can still learn from the data. In the first essay, I investigate whether exam preparatory programs in Taiwan are effective. I set up a Bayesian selection model that formalizes the selection process and explicitly takes into account parameter heterogeneity. In the second essay, I study the effect of the expansions of Medicaid in 1990 on childhood obesity. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act 1990 expanded eligibility to children who were born after September 30, 1983 from families below the poverty line. I employ the birth date discontinuity to study the policy effect. In the third essay, I develop a new test based on the empirical distribution functions of the compliers in the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) model. This method tests the validity of the LATE model, which is a common empirical strategy when endogeneity is an issue. In my first essay, I estimate the impact of attending exam preparatory programs, in particular “cram schools,” on students’ academic performance. These programs are the product of market system and the Joint Entrance Exam System, which has been in place for decades in Taiwan. I measure the outcome by admission to a public high school and an “elite” high school. Focusing on the problem that students are not randomly assigned to “cram schools,” I approach the issue using propensity score matching and a Bayesian simultaneous-equations model. Using data from a survey of Taiwanese junior high school students in the Taiwan Youth Project, I find evidence that there is an insignificantly negative sorting into exam preparatory programs and attending an exam preparatory program improves a student’s high school placement. Both approaches indicate similar positive treatment effects. The second essay studies the effect of Medicaid expansions on childhood obesity and finds robust evidence of ex-ante moral hazard induced by public insurance. I establish this result by estimating two reduced-form models and a structural model. My reduced-form identification strategy exploits eligibility discontinuity created by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act 1990, which extended Medicaid eligibility to children from families below the federal poverty threshold and born after October 1983. Drawing on the MEPS, I find offering low-income children public insurance leads to an approximately 10-percentage-point increase in the chances of obesity. Combining the MEPS and the SIPP, I am able to investigate the effects of insurance take-up. I estimate a fuzzy regression discontinuity design using Angrist-Krueger two-sample IV estimator (Angrist and Krueger 1992). The results suggest that early insurance take-up induced by the expansions of Medicaid leads to a roughly 5-percentage-point increase in chances of obesity. I also develop and estimate a two-period structural model that quantifies moral hazard, net-wealth effect, and risk preferences. I use the estimates to study the relative importance of income effect and moral hazard in the childhood obesity problem. The estimates of the choice model suggest that net-wealth effect is a statistically significant avenue to the observed policy effect. In the third essay, I develop a method to test the validity of the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) model. The LATE model is widely applied to evaluating policies when randomized experiments are impossible. The model relies on two critical assumptions: (1) the existence of a randomly assigned instrument that affects the outcome variable only through the treatment; and (2) the instrument only affects the treatment selection in one direction. The basis for the test is an estimator for the distribution function of the compliers. If the CDFs decrease more than the derived bound, then we reject the assumption of the exclusion restriction. If the CDFs are not completely non-decreasing, then either one of the assumptions fail to hold. To show the applicability, I apply the test to three datasets.
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Clutter, Carmen Marie. "The Moms2B Program: A Qualitative Evaluation of Participants’ Perceptions of the Program and its Impact on their Diet, Lifestyle, and Behaviors." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366011071.
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O'Connor, Kathleen Anne. "Process Evaluation of the Batterer Intervention and Prevention Program of the Center Against Sexual and Family Violence in El Paso, Texas." Thesis, The University of Texas at El Paso, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10842742.
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<p> <i>Background:</i> Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue. One in five women and one in seven men will experience severe physical violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime in the US; and one in three women globally (Breiding, Basile, Smith, Black, & Mahendra, 2015; World Health Organization, 2017). Notwithstanding such stark statistics, there is a gap in research on batterers and on batterer intervention and prevention programs (BIPP). <i>Purpose:</i> Program processes related to follow-up of clients were evaluated at the Center Against Sexual and Family Violence Batterer Intervention and Prevention Program (CASFV BIPP) through a mixed-methods process evaluation. The research incorporated community-based participatory research methods in that the project was co-developed with the community partner (CASFV) and addressed program interests and needs. <i> Methods:</i> The process evaluation consisted of examining inputs, activities and outputs related to evaluation questions. Data collection methods include survey research among 110 BIPP program clients, development of a program description and logic model, data gathered through qualitative interviews with program staff, and presentation of data on recidivism rates collected by the program. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Quantitative data analysis focused on descriptive statistics using the SPSS Data Analysis Package. <i>Results:</i> Nearly 60% of clients were between the ages of 25 and 38; 79% were male; 79.1% were Hispanic; and 94.5% felt the program had benefited them. A majority of clients (78.2%) agreed to be contacted by cellphone two years after completing the program as a follow-up measure. The research with clients and staff indicated that follow-up by cellphone two years after completion was the best protocol for following up with clients because the time frame allowed for completion of other obligations such as parole that may affect recidivism rates. In addition, client satisfaction with the program was the strongest predictor for receptivity to follow-up (<i>p</i> = .004). <i>Conclusions:</i> Current follow up protocols were examined to recommend a standardized protocol, and it was recommended that follow-up be conducted by cellphone two years after program completion. Based on data obtained from client and staff, it was further recommended that additional means of contact such as email and social media be explored in the near term.</p><p>
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Ritter, Michael C. "An Evaluation of the Sexual Education Program in the Public School System of Athens County, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1243987511.
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Rengert, Julie Diane. "Development and Evaluation of a Social Cognitive Theory-Based Exercise Intervention in Firefighters: 5-ALARM Fitness Program." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306158455.
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McCullough, Alison N. "An Evaluation of the Pre-Release Planning Program of the Georgia Department of Corrections and a Qualitative Assessment of Reentry Experiences of Program Participants." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/189.
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Higher rates of HIV are seen within correctional systems across the United States. Georgia has one of the largest correctional populations in the country and HIV rates among prisoners are elevated when compared to the state as a whole. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the Pre-Release Planning Program of the Georgia Department of Corrections and to identify reentry needs unique to persons living with HIV. This evaluation was informed by the post-release experiences of participants who described their own reentry journeys through semi-structured qualitative interviews. A convenience sample of 45 program participants was recruited to complete a qualitative interview following their release in 2009-2010. All 45 persons recruited consented to be contacted for an interview. A research interviewer successfully located 25 members of the original sample and they all agreed to participate. In addition a structure and process evaluation of the program was conducted. Recommendations for improvement were developed from the program evaluation and qualitative analysis of participants’ reentry experiences. For former program participants three central needs were identified: housing, health and income. Stigma and risk behaviors negatively impacted stability of housing, health and income. Strengths of the program included linkage to a Ryan White Clinic, provision of prison medical records, referrals to general social service agencies and its acceptability. The structural and individual challenges faced by persons living with HIV leaving the prison system demand comprehensive integrated services to assure access to HIV care and avoid recidivism. Minimally, housing, health and income must be addressed.
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Glynn, Angela Lynn. "Outcome Evaluation of a School-Based Program for Pregnant and Parenting Girls." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/516.
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Research has indicated that effective parenting programs for pregnant and parenting teens greatly improve educational and career opportunities for teen parents. Such research underscores the need for schools to use these programs in their efforts to increase high school graduation rates for this population. The aim of this case study was to assess if a school-based parenting program was successful and, if so, how elements of this program might be useful to educators who are planning similar programs. The study included an examination of archived program data, which included end-of-year reports related to the program and participants, and interviews with 12 key program administrators and teachers. Outcome evaluation theory and a logic model served as the conceptual framework. The research design had 2 parts: a quantitative secondary analysis of archived data and qualitative interviews. The program data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The interview data were downloaded into a computer-assisted qualitative software program to organize the data, code the data, and to determine major themes. Major findings were that the program met goals and objectives due to: (a) clearly stated and specific program objectives;(b) a high level of program support from district and administrative staff; (c) a major asset of the program, its curriculum; (d) adequate resources and funding, and (e) the active participation of, and open communication between, parents/guardians of program participants, faculty, and staff. This study contributes to social change by showing educators and parents that an effective school-base parenting program can result in improved high school completion and brighter outcomes for pregnant and parenting students.
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Scott, Colleen. "Evaluation of Key Components of Draft Guidelines for the National Weather Service TsunamiReadyTM Community Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2347.
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The National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program partnered with the National Weather Service (NWS) in 2000 to create the TsunamiReadyTM (TR) Community program. TR is designed to help communities in coastal areas plan and prepare for tsunamis. To achieve TR recognition communities must meet certain criteria including specific emergency planning and management actions within the categories of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.
This study’s purpose was to evaluate the acceptability and usefulness of key components of a proposed revised set of TR Community program guidelines. Research was guided by the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) using Community Based Participatory Research methods to gather input from expert panels composed of local expert community stakeholders from 5 states and 1 US territory. Two qualitative data collection methods were used: online prediscussion surveys administered via Survey Monkey© and focus group discussions. Fifty participants attended 1 of 6 focus group discussions, with 20 participants completing surveys.
Data analysis focused on 8 discussion topics: subdivision of communities by vulnerability, proportion of the population to be protected, evacuation effectiveness, evacuation drills or exercises, vertical evacuation, educating businesses, educating residents, and acceptability of a revised guidelines format. Supporting and opposing themes were identified, providing rich information of community-level perceptions regarding the guidelines. Most notably, the fidelity of the 2 ELM pathways were confirmed as separate. The peripheral pathway demonstrated a significant need for clarification and definition of program terms and activities through the surveys, while focus groups facilitated the central pathway for participants to discuss and debate various program guidelines.
This study provides several recommendations based on community input for updating and revising the TR Community program guidelines including: revisions to the overall format, a new focus on community tsunami hazard, and additional actions and activities to improve community tsunami mitigation and preparedness efforts. Finally, the data and recommendations provided will be used to compile a final draft of the TR Community program guidelines for the NWS.
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McCall, Kimberly P. "Congregation for Public Health examines community engagement knowledge of Program Administrators and Community Health Advisors using social capital and community capacity." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2006. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007r/mccall.pdf.
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Strandberg, Oskar, and Ahmed Azzawi. "Community-based clinical teaching set in a Swedish public dental service – Students and mentors perception regarding their experience." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19613.
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Introduktion: Under den tionde terminen av tandläkarprogrammet på Malmö högskola genomgår studenterna verksamhetsförlagd utbildning (VFU) sedan 2004. Detta sker i samarbete med Folktandvården Skåne och under 15 veckor arbetar studenterna en dag i veckan under handledning på folktandvårdens kliniker i närliggande område.Syfte: Att utvärdera erfarenheter efter genomgången VFU ur deltagarnas perspektiv.Metod: Alla tandläkarstudenter och handledare som genomgått VFU 2006 och 2015 tillfrågades om att besvara en utvärderingsenkät med numerisk bedömningsskala och utrymme för tillhörande kommentarer. Sex studenter och fem handledare som genomgått VFU år 2015 intervjuades även med en semistrukturerad intervjumetodik som sammanfördes genom en tematiserad innehållsanalys. Resultat: Enkät: Poängsättningen var genomgående hög för både 2006 och 2015. Studenterna poängsatte påstående 6 ”Det nuvarande upplägget med 15 veckor och en dags tjänstgöring i veckan är tillfredställande.” signifikant högre 2015 än 2006. Påstående 8 ”Det finns en samsyn avseende metoder och behandlingsval mellan skola och folktandvård.” poängsatte studenterna signifikant lägre än handledarna 2015. 2006 poängsatte studenterna påstående tre ”Sammansättningen av patienter var bra.” signifikant lägre än vad handledarna gjorde. Intervju: Studenter och handledare ansåg att VFU är fördelaktigt i utbildningssyfte och ger studenterna självsäkerhet och trygghet i ansvarstagande. Förslag på förbättringar förekom även under intervjuerna.Slutsats: Verksamhetsförlagd utbildning ger fördelaktigheter både för studenter och deras handledare. Studenter och handledare uttrycker uppskattning och är generellt nöjda efter VFU.<br>Introduction: The tenth semester of the dentistry program at Malmö university students undergoes an outreach program (internship) since 2004 and this is in collaboration with Folktandvården Skåne. During 15 weeks the students work at their assigned clinics one day a week under supervision from their tutors.Objective: To evaluate experiences after placement from the participants' perspective.Method: All dental students and tutors who have completed internship in 2006 and 2015 were asked to answer an evaluation questionnaire with numeric rating scale and scope for comments. Six students and five mentors who have completed internship in 2015 were interviewed with a semi-structured interview methodology, later analysed by content analysis method.Results: Questionnaire: rating was consistently high for both 2006 and 2015. The students scored significantly higher on question six “The set-up of one day of clinical work over 15 weeks were satisfying.” 2015 than in 2006. Students scored question eight“There is a consensus regarding methods and treatment options between the dental school and Folktandvården Skåne” significantly lower than their supervisors in 2015. In 2006 students scored question three “The composition of patients was good” significantly lower than the supervisors did. Interview: Students and tutors felt that the internship had been beneficial for training purposes, giving the students more self-esteem and confidence in taking responsibility. Improvements for the outreach program where proposed. Conclusion: The clinical training program is favourable, both for the students and their tutors. In general terms, the students and the supervisors were satisfied with the cooperation.
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Willeford, Claire A. "Effectiveness of a Pre-Release Planning Program for HIV-Positive Offenders Exiting Georgia Prisons: A Qualitative Evaluation Approach." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/152.
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Background: Two-year nationwide prison recidivism rates stand at over 60%, and minorities and the poor are at greatest risk both of first-time incarceration and of offending repeatedly over time. Initiatives that may address prison inmates’ lack of resources and increase their success in their communities after release are now an important topic in the study of criminal justice policy. Over the course of the past two decades, the public health concern of HIV/AIDS has increasingly become a part of this discourse on re-entry, as the disease disproportionately affects minority communities both in and outside of prisons. Affected reentrants face not only the challenges associated with employment, education, housing, and other social infrastructure that impede their long-term re-entry into mainstream society, but must also navigate issues surrounding continuity of medical care and behavioral risk reduction. In 2009, Georgia State University received funding to conduct an evaluation of Georgia’s Pre-Release Planning Program (PRPP) for HIV-positive inmates, and conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 former inmates who had received services from PRPP. This thesis work attempts to assess the content of the interviews and the potential impact of such an evaluation on corrections policy, especially in light of other similar programs that have been funded nationwide.
Methods: A literature review was conducted to provide information on state and Federal pre-release programs for HIV+ prisoners that have been funded since the 1990s. A qualitative analysis of the GSU interview transcripts, consisting of coding for major themes, was completed. The goal of the analysis was to determine what program components had been most beneficial to participants, and also what needs had gone unfulfilled.
Results: Most participants (23/25) in receipt of pre-release planning services in Georgia felt that they had benefitted from the program. A majority (19/25) attended the appointments set up for them by the program coordinator. Respondents were generally satisfied with their medical care, though cases existed where respondents had been unable to access a stable provider or medication supply as planned. The greatest aid to participants from PRPP was in the area of medical care. Limitations were perceived in the areas of employment after release and the Department of Labor program to which PRPP referred participants, as well as housing to a lesser degree. Study participants acknowledged and appreciated the program coordinator’s hard work with the resources that she had, and recommended transitional housing and work programs as ideal resources to improve their situations. Almost all (22/23) expressed interest in a community mentoring program to aid their progress post-release.
Conclusions: Literature showed a variety of education and prevention program models targeting HIV in prisons since the 1990s. The best program outcomes were associated with the longest period of intervention and the most intensive case management (Rhode Island), but further evaluation is needed, and funding for such programs is a real and consistent concern. When combined with the literature on previous and existing programs nationwide, the voices of these participants provide a good idea of what may be next for a successful pre-release program in Georgia. 1) Planning services should begin sooner before release—possibly at the time of admission to prison—and should provide a longer period of follow-up, in order to capitalize on the time available for intervention with this vulnerable population and to more effectively prevent recidivism. The addition of support staff for the Georgia PRPP may allow this to occur. 2) Provision or expansion of the community mentoring program proposed in Spaulding’s 2009 study and supported by participants in these interviews, providing for matching of mentors with mentees by family and ethnic background, may be an important way to improve health outcomes among this population while facing a dearth of funding. 3) Securing and advocating for additional funding for vocational, counseling, and medical support services available to the general prison population is crucial, in order to support opportunities for skills advancement and true corrections in life path among a historically deprived incarcerated population. A cost-effectiveness analysis by state officials is recommended in order to measure the true economic value of such programs—especially in contrast to the public burden of unchecked recidivism. 4) A change in the Georgia laws that severely restrict the civil rights of ex-felons—including the right to vote, to be considered for many job opportunities, to be admitted to certain professional schools, and to receive state or federal financial aid for secondary education—is essential if former inmates are to be realistically expected to succeed outside of prison.
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Shinaberry, Kaitlyn Anne. "Improving Early Adolescent Girls' Social Self-Concept: Using a Mixed Methods Evaluation to Build the Growing Girls Program." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612862.
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BACKGROUND: Social self-concept is a foundational construct in the healthy development of early adolescent girls; however, few gender-specific social self-concept interventions exist to support adolescent girls' development. OBJECTIVES: The overarching goal of the dissertation was to enhance the design, delivery, and evaluation of the Growing Girls Program. To achieve this, three distinct yet complimentary aims were established, to: (1) identify best practices in existing social self-concept interventions, (2) evaluate the effect of the current Growing Girls Program on early adolescent girls' social self-concept, and (3) identify gender-specific messages that early adolescent girls interpret from print media. METHODS: The dissertation employs a mixed-methods design, integrating findings from a systematic review of social self-concept interventions, content analysis of parent focus groups (n=4) and interviews (n=11), quantitative analysis of participant questionnaires (n=40) and visual content analysis of adolescent created collages (n=20). RESULTS: The results by specific aim illustrated: 1) the value of interventions that are: implemented in the school setting, developmentally and culturally appropriate, informed by theory, led by well-trained and supported facilitators, and implemented for 12 weeks to 6 months in duration, 2) that the evaluation of the Growing Girls Program provided promising evidence for its future implementation; and 3) that early adolescent girls perceived media messages to promote the importance of physical beauty, sex-appeal, cosmetic use, confidence, designer brands, perfect bodies and health. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to the improvement of the Growing Girls Program, and thereby to the practice of promoting early adolescent girls' social self-concept. Findings illustrate the lack of interventions focused on social self-concept and the challenges of adequately conceptualizing and measuring the construct. Therefore, the enhancement of the gender-specific Growing Girls Program fills an important gap in the social self-concept development literature. RECOMMENDATIONS: The Growing Girls Program should retain current practices assumed to be associated with its success, including its developmentally appropriate, gender specific, 22-week curriculum, its school-based setting, its use of trained and well-supported program facilitators, and it fidelity tracking. To improve, the program should 1) add lessons on the subjects of physical beauty, sex appeal, and the need to appear confident, 2) reduce levels of attrition, and 3) enhance its evaluation practices by including a comparison group, utilizing alternative self-report social self-concept measures, and including a follow up post-intervention.
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Egole-Oziri, Adaeze Ozor. "Effect of HIV/AIDS Awareness Training Program among College Students in Owerri, Imo State of Nigeria." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1299183004.
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Sukalski, Jennifer Michelle Cecelia. "Periodontal treatment needs in a Medicaid expansion population." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5651.
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Objective: To investigate and determine periodontal treatment needs by the use of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) of a Medicaid expansion population in the state of Iowa (DWP) in comparison with patients insured by the traditional Medicaid State Plan, patients with private dental insurance, and self-pay patients, while evaluating for systemic health conditions and socio-behavioral factors.
Methods: A secondary data analysis of electronic health records (EHR) from the University of Iowa College of Dentistry was completed and analyzed. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. Logistic regression models were used to analyze relationships between predictors and periodontal treatment need.
Results: Out of the study population, 54% were indicated for scaling and root planing (SRP). Predictors of indicating the need for SRP treatment were found to be: Age (p< .0001), gender (p< .0001), medical diagnosis of diabetes (p=.031), smoking status (p< .0001), and not receiving regular dental check-ups (p< .0001).
Discussion: Our findings are consistent with common periodontal disease predictors found in the literature. Interestingly, insurance status was not a significantly associated predictor of periodontal treatment needs. However, approximately 50% patients with all insurance types were indicated for SRP.
Implications: DWP patients must earn benefits by maintaining dental appointments. This earned benefits approach delays periodontal treatment as patients must earn this procedure, potentially leading to deteriorating periodontal health. Further assessment of periodontal burden in the DWP population should be conducted and potential program structure evaluated.
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Johnson, Debbi R. "Emotional Intelligence and Public Health Education: A Prescriptive Needs Assessment." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2013. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/14.
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Emotional Intelligence is an ability that is crucial to the field of public health due to the fact that it encompasses the practitioner’s ability to communicate professionally, show empathy, obtain patient compliance and promote sustainable lifestyle changes in communities. This study seeks to evaluate a public health program in order to determine what emotional intelligence training currently exists, and what the attitudes of stakeholders are regarding emotional intelligence and its importance to the field of public health. This is done through interviews with the faculty, administrators and students, as well as a questionnaire that asks students to assess their own abilities in the area of emotional intelligence. The information gathered makes it possible to formulate recommendations to further incorporate emotional intelligence-building activities into the program.
Results of the study show a direct correlation between public health and emotional intelligence competencies, which makes it an ideal program in which to integrate further training. Additionally, results indicate a gap between student’s self perception regarding their emotional intelligence abilities, and the perception their faculty and administration of student’s abilities. Finally, a significant lack of student engagement due to dissatisfaction with acceptance requirements appears to contribute to the perception of low emotional intelligence on the part of the students.
Recommendations for future development of emotional intelligence in the program include the incorporation of training into the existing Orientation week, the addition of case studies into the courses most naturally related to emotional intelligence-building, the provision of training seminars for faculty, the inclusion of an advanced seminar for students on a voluntary basis, and the evaluation of the program using both a self-report emotional intelligence questionnaire and the Mayer, Salovey and Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) at the beginning and end of each term in order to track program effectiveness in the long term.
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Cobb, Janelle E. "A Qualitative Study: An Evaluation of the Perception of Ohio Dental Hygienists that Work with Underserved Populations and use the Oral Health Access Supervision Program Permit." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1554937449192503.
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Ngo, Thi Thanh Huong Yothin Sawangdee. "Effects of HIV/aids prevention outreach activities on HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk behaviors of young male IDUs in Kyson, Nghean, Vietnam /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd419/5038605.pdf.
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Pendrick, Danielle M. "An Evaluation of the Client Navigator Program for Enhanced Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Underserved Women in the State of Georgia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/181.
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Screening for breast and cervical cancers can reduce morbidity and mortality through early detection, yet many women are not getting regular lifesaving screenings as recommended. 2 The National Breast and Cervical Detection Program (NBCCEDP) was established in 1990 in order to provide low-income, uninsured, and underserved women access to breast and cervical cancer screening and diagnostic services. Georgia’s participation in the NBCCEDP led to the development of The Breast and Cervical Cancer Program (BCCP), which provides cancer screening to women 40 to 64 years of age who are uninsured and/or underinsured and at or below 200% poverty level.
Deaths from breast and cervical cancers could be avoided if screening rates increased among women at risk. In order to better eliminate barriers to screening, Georgia’s Breast and Cervical Cancer Program uses client navigators to communicate with minority populations. The purpose of my thesis study was to assess the effectiveness of the Client Navigator Program utilized to enhance breast and cervical cancer screening rates for women throughout Georgia. Evaluation findings demonstrated that personal characteristics of Client Navigators, internal characteristics of the program itself, resources provided by the program, and program partnerships were the areas of greatest program strength. Funding was repeatedly listed as the greatest program threat. Findings from this study provide insights for how the overall program can be improved in the future, and thus, improving health outcomes for women who are at greatest risk of breast and cervical cancer throughout the state.
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Schliep, Corey Dale. "A formative evaluation of a systemic infant mental health program designed to treat infants and their families through a rural community mental health center." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1076.
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Decosimo, Caroline A., J. Hanson, Megan Quinn, P. Badu, and E. G. Smith. "Playing to Live: Outcome Evaluation of a Community-Based Psychosocial Expressive Arts Program for Children During the Liberian Ebola Epidemic." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6789.
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Background. This paper reviews the efficacy of a community psychosocial arts program focused on building mental health capacity within post-Ebola Liberia. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the outcome effects of two groups using pre- and post-treatment data. We hypothesized that there would be a difference in symptoms pre- and post-treatment, and the longer program would yield more significant results.
Methods. There was a total of 870 child participants. Of 40 sites, 24 were selected for a 5-month treatment (TG1) while the remaining 16 sites received 3 months of treatment (TG2). Paired t tests and a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse pre- and post-psychological stress symptoms (PSS) for samples from both groups.
Results. Separately, treatment group 1 (TG1) and treatment group 2's (TG2) paired t test yielded significant results (p < 0.001) for the decrease of PSS. The mixed-model ANOVA found that there were significant differences in total pre- and post-test PSS and a significant difference in PSS means over time.
Conclusions. Results indicated that there was a statistically significant decrease in reported symptoms in both treatment groups pre- to post-intervention and a significant difference in total symptoms over time. However, the findings do not indicate that the longer programming was statistically different compared to the shorter programming. The study presented had gaps in data, largely due to limits in research during the crisis. However, this paper provides a unique case study for challenges that can be faced for project evaluation in emergency settings.
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Fernandez, Nicole. "An evaluation of hiv/aids incidence reduction and awareness-raising interventions inspired by the sonagachi project and the 100% condom use program." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/550.
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In the past thirty years, HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) transformed from a mysteriously lethal disease affecting limited portions of the population to a true global pandemic. Although HIV/AIDS is responsible for the deaths of approximately 30 million people worldwide, prevalence rates are now increasing significantly due to increasing survival rates. However, overall increasing incidence rates now serve as a primary concern for researchers. Avert (2011) suggests that there is a lack of behavioral interventions and prevention programs aimed at decreasing the number of newly affected individuals. This is problematic as it may create not only physical and mental stress upon patients but also a source of financial and resource stress upon service organizations. In Asia, HIV/AIDS is primarily apparent in three high-risk groups: sex workers, men who have sex with men, and intravenous drug users (Avert, 2011). Service organizations target these high-risk groups with prevention programs in order to decrease infection rates and raise general awareness of the disease. This study aims to evaluate two HIV/AIDS prevention program theories(the Sonagachi Project and the 100% Condom Use Program) and the studies that implement them. This proposed evaluation assesses the effectiveness of these HIV/AIDS prevention programs in reducing infection rates and raising awareness of the disease. Due to the widespread use and apparent effectiveness of the 100% Condom Use Program and The Sonagachi Project, this study aims to assess the interventions in lessening HIV infection rates and critique the methods outlined by both. This thesis also employs a systemic review of the literature by using the program theories of The 100% Condom Use Program and The Sonagachi Project.<br>B.S.<br>Bachelors<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Health Science; Pre-Clinical
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Moellman, Nicholas S. "ESSAYS ON TRANSFER-PROGRAM INTERACTIONS AMONG LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/36.
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This dissertation consists of three essays examining the role of transfer-program interactions for families and households who participate in the social safety net. The safety net is comprised of many different programs, run by different agencies, governed by different rules, and often administered by disparate and secluded entities. However, many households participate in multiple programs, subjecting them to the milieu of administrative hurdles. In this dissertation, I try to untangle some of the intended and unintended effects of program participation that may be experienced by these households.
In Essay 1, I examine the effect of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) on food hardship in US households, utilizing food security information from the Food Security Supplement of the Current Population Survey. Because states adopted the Medicaid expansions provided under the ACA at different times beginning in 2014, the cross-state, over time variation allows me to separate the impact of the ACA on food hardship using triple difference specifications. The richness of questions in the Food Security Supplement allows me to examine the effect of the ACA across different measures of food hardship, and also examine differential response for households participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Examining the mechanisms through which the ACA could affect food insecurity, I find the ACA not only increased average weekly food expenditure, but also the probability a household participates in SNAP. I employ a two-stage, control function approach to address reverse causality between SNAP and food insecurity. I find that the ACA reduced the probability that a household participating in SNAP falls into the two lowest food security categories by 6.5 percentage points and reduced the probability of being food insecure by 14.2 percentage points. Across specifications, I find strong evidence for increasing returns to program participation, and evidence of a differential impact of the ACA across the distribution of food hardship.
In Essay 2, I examine how grant funding and fiscal structure affect program response over the business cycle. I compare child enrollment in Medicaid, a matching grant funding program, with enrollment the State Children's Health Insurance Program, a block grant funded program, utilizing the similarities in beneficiaries, program benefits, and administration to isolate the impact of fiscal structure. I utilize administrative enrollment records, along with individual level participation data, and find a one percentage point increase in the unemployment rate leads to a 7.6% decrease in the number of beneficiaries per person enrolled in block grant funded programs, and a 10% decrease in state expenditure per person decreases the probability of enrollment in a block grant program by 0.58 percentage points. I also find that enrollment is much more persistent among matching grant funded programs, and being enrolled in a block grant funded program the previous period increases the probability of enrolling in a matching grant program this period 75% more than remaining enrolled in the block grant funded program.
Finally, in Essay 3 I explore the effect of the minimum wage on the self-reported value of public assistance program benefits, and the joint effect of the minimum wage and public assistance programs on the income to poverty ratio using data from the 1995-2016 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement. In the first stage, I estimate a Tobit model controlling for the censoring of received benefits from below at zero, and examine the effect of changes in the minimum wage on the self-reported dollar value of benefits received for food stamps/the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)/Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), as well as the total sum of benefits. I find that the minimum wage reduces the value of means-tested benefits, but that this effect is strongest for programs with strong work requirements. Utilizing the residuals from the first stage, I employ a control function approach to estimate the joint effect of the minimum wage and program benefits on the income to poverty ratio. I find the own-effect of the minimum wage provides a small increase in the income to poverty ratio, but that the total effect, accounting for changes in benefits, attenuates by approximately 30%.
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Sebekos, Elena. "Strategic Communications to Prevent HIV Infections among Black and Hispanic Young Adults." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3001.
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Disparities in HIV disease continue to adversely affect Black and Hispanic populations in the United States. Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) 2010 in Broward County, Florida, used strategic communications to alert Black and Hispanic young adults of the serious threat and the choices they could make to prevent HIV infection. This study assessed the channels through which 18-39 year-old African American, Haitian, Afro-Caribbean, and Hispanic residents of 12 high AIDS-incidence ZIP-code areas obtained information about HIV/AIDS and which sources they found most helpful. In addition, this study examined how obtaining HIV/AIDS information was associated with histories of HIV testing and perceptions of risk.
A secondary analysis of computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) data sets was conducted for first-time respondents (N=7,843) in 2001-2003, 2005, and 2007. All ethnicities identified obtaining HIV/AIDS information most frequently from television public service announcements, talk shows, and programs and considered this source “most helpful.” Radio was mentioned second most frequently by Haitian respondents, but African Americans and Caribbean Islanders preferred print media: newspapers and magazines. Use of the Internet increased by 22.4% from 2001 to 2007, but very few respondents regarded the Internet as “most helpful.”
African Americans, Hispanics, and Caribbean Islanders who obtained HIV information from family or friends were more likely to believe that they might become infected with HIV. Caribbean Islanders who obtained information from a church were less likely to believe they were at risk. Among African American, Caribbean, and Hispanic young adults, obtaining information from a doctor or health provider was the best predictor for reporting ever being tested for HIV. African Americans who heard about AIDS on radio stations “HOT 105” and “99 Jamz” were more likely to have been tested for HIV, as were Haitians who saw something about AIDS on a billboard or bus.
Comprehensive HIV-prevention programs should incorporate culturally competent communications components to inform Black and Hispanic young adults of scientific advances in prevention, treatment, and medical care. Further research should examine how diverse ethnic groups in south Florida and elsewhere are accessing and responding to health-related information in the digital age.
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Roberts, Kelly Eileen Cahill. "An Evaluation of the Expect Respect: Preventing Teen Dating Violence High School Program." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1242323117.
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Dawahare, Mollie Y. "PROMOTING HEALTHY HOME-COOKED FAMILY MEALS: EVALUATION OF A SOCIAL MARKETING PROGRAM TARGETING LOW-INCOME MOTHERS." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/43.
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Objective: Evaluate how a social marketing approach compares to traditional nutrition education curriculum for promoting behavioral changes related to eating and food.
Design: Nonequivalent comparison group, entry-exit design. Participants from 12 Kentucky counties assigned either comparison or pilot group. Comparison group received traditional nutrition education curriculum and pilot group received the social marketing program, Cook Together, Eat Together (CTET) curriculum. EFNEP’s Behavior Checklist and 24-Hour Dietary Recall were administered at entry and exit of the 8-week programs.
Participants: Females (18-72 years of age) from families eligible to receive SNAP benefits (n=64 comparison group participants, n=60 pilot group participants).
Intervention: Comparison group completed an 8-week standard lesson and pilot group completed CTET program in varying time frames (1-8 weeks).
Main Outcome Measures: Eating behavior changes between entry and exit for comparison versus pilot.
Analysis: Quantitative data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests with significance of P≤ 0.05 and 0.10.
Results: Groups were demographically similar. Both had significant differences in entry and exit scores for Behavior Checklist and 24-Hour Recall (P≤ 0.05).
Conclusion and Implications: Positive behavior change was observed in both comparison and pilot groups. A social marketing program proves to be a promising approach to nutrition education.
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Eckert, Chantel Marie. "Reducing Child Maltreatment Through Prevention." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6785.
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Child maltreatment is a public health problem directly linked to poor outcomes across the lifespan, including chronic health conditions and even death. The local population served by the agency in which the project took place experienced an increase in reports of child maltreatment. Agency leadership identified deficiencies in parental knowledge about positive parenting practices as a contributing factor to the problem. To address the problem, the agency implemented a quality improvement evidence-based home visiting pilot initiative. The evaluation of that initiative was the purpose of this project. Bandura's social cognitive learning theory provided the theoretical framework for the project, and the logic model was used to facilitate the practice change in the facility. Evaluation was based on data extracted from the Family Support Program Outcome Survey (FSPOS) tool completed by all 22 program participants. Comprising 7 questions, the FSPOS was a validated and reliable tool and was used to assess the increase in participants' parental knowledge related to positive parenting practices before and after participation in the home visiting program. Survey results revealed that participation in the initiative increased participant knowledge. Using a 7-point Likert scale in which higher scores indicated higher levels of positive parenting practices, participant scores increased from M = 4.71 before participation to M = 6.60 after enrollment. The results reinforce the significance of the nursing profession in health promotion and disease prevention in communities. Findings of this project have the potential to promote positive social change by decreasing child maltreatment, which may reduce cost of care and improve quality of life across the lifespan.
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Tedesco, Maria F. "Concussion in School-aged Children: Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Online Concussion Training Program." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1501166656935177.
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Markey, Jessica. "A Community-Engaged Research Approach to the Development of an Assessment Tool for Historical Data Collection of SAARA Client Population." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2114.
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Through collaboration between the Substance Abuse and Addiction Recovery Alliance (SAARA) and several community partners, a need was identified for a new measurement tool to gather comprehensive client histories for program evaluation and development. The purpose of this study was to (1) develop a culturally relevant and organizationally appropriate mechanism for the collection of comprehensive client histories and (2) to provide the opportunity for staff to engage in a new process of developing and implementing data collection strategies. As a result of the use of a community-based participatory approach, (1) a missed opportunity for program evaluation and development was identified, (2) a community-based research study was developed, (3) staff were invested in development of the tool, and (4) staff engaged in a capacity-building exercise in which they were provided the skills and tools needed to replicate this process independently in the future.
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Jeremiah, Rohan Dexter. "Interrogating Grenadian Masculinities and Violence Against Women: An Evaluation of the United Nations Partnership for Peace Program." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4090.
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This applied anthropology study, guided by a feminist perspective and in particular, Black Feminist Thought is an outgrowth of an evaluation study of the Partnership for Peace Program (PFP) in Grenada, West Indies. The PFP is a Caribbean-specific model that was built into a sixteen-week cycle program by the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women (UNWomen). Since 2005, the PFP has been geared towards Grenadian men, who have used violence against women to express their masculine identities. PFP focuses exclusively on rehabilitating male perpetrators with a goal to protect the human rights of women. This research evaluated the PFP program, using qualitative and quantitative methods to measure the program's impact based on the behavioral changes that male participants adopted to avoid violence against women. Furthermore, this study investigated the relationship between masculine identities and domestic violence, exploring the significance of violence actions as markers of Grenadian masculinities. The findings presented show the impact of the PFP on the lives of PFP men, the women associated with the PFP men and the PFP stakeholders. The results illustrate the socio-ecological nature of violence and the power leverages that enact gendered messages for Grenadian men and women. Those entities were used to establish some theoretical understandings about Caribbean Violence.
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Eráns, Richarte Óscar. "Evolución del Programa de Salud Bucodental Infantil en la Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia tras 8 años desde su implantación." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/48614.
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El presente trabajo ha estudiado el periodo incremental del Programa de Asistencia Bucodental Infantil (PADI), implantado en la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia en el año 2003, hasta el año 2010, donde terminó su etapa incremental (BORN nº 13, 2003).
Sus principales características son:
Se realizará de forma incremental a partir del 1 de enero de 2003 con los menores de 6 y 7, que continuarán integrados en el PADI hasta alcanzar los 15 años. A partir del año 2004 se incluiría una nueva una cohorte de edad cada año.
Este modelo PADI la financiación es pública, pero la provisión es mixta (pública y privada).
El pago a los dentistas privados es por capitación para los tratamientos básicos y por acto médico para los tratamientos especiales.
El objetivo principal del Programa es el disminuir la incidencia de caries y enfermedad periodontal de los niños residentes en la Región de Murcia.<br>The present work has studied the incremental period of the Program of Oral Infantile Assistance (PADI), implanted in the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia in the year 2003, until the year 2010, where it finished his incremental stage (BORN n º 13, 2003).
His principal characteristics are:
There will be realized of incremental form from January 1, 2003 by the child of 6 and 7, that they will continue integrated the PADI up to reaching 15 years. From the year 2004 the new one would include a cohort of age every year.
This model PADI the financing is public, but the provision is mixed (public and private).
The payment to the private dentists is for capitation for the basic treatments and for medical act for the special treatments.
The principal aim of the Program is to reduce the incident of caries and disease periodontal of the resident children in the Region of Murcia.
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Vaughn, Cody N. "ESSAYS ON CHILD WELL-BEING AND THE SOCIAL SAFETY NET." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/43.
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This dissertation consists of three essays examining the role of two particular social safety net programs, the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), on the well-being of children from disadvantaged households. While the impact of these programs on the adults and parents of the household have been studied extensively, less is known about their effect on children. This is true for both their immediate impact on child well-being and any long-run impacts on children who grow up under these programs. Given the demonstrated importance of child well-being on later life adult outcomes, understanding the lasting effects of the programs is of great policy importance.
In Essay 1, I examine the effect of welfare reform on long-run educational attainment and family structure outcomes on children who grew up under the reformed welfare system. In the early 1990’s, the United States reformed its welfare system through state waivers and the TANF program. These changes altered family resources and potential investments for childhood human capital, which in turn could affect later adult outcomes. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) Child Development Supplement (CDS) and the Transition to Adulthood Supplement (TAS), I examine the short-run effects of welfare reform on cognitive and noncognitive outcomes and the long-run impact of welfare reform on adult education and family structure through age 28. I find that as children, these individuals have higher reading test scores by an average of 6 percent of a standard deviation. As adults, I find robust evidence that these treated individuals are on average 9 percent more likely to graduate college. I also find some evidence that they are more likely to be married and less likely to have a child out of wedlock. The impacts of welfare reform are larger for women than men for childhood test scores and college completion, marriage rates, and out of wedlock births as adults.
In Essay 2, I continue to study the effects of welfare reform on child well-being, here focusing on the effect of welfare reform on the health insurance coverage, healthcare utilization, and the health status of children. In addition to changing the overall resources available to the family to invest in child health, welfare reform also has specific implications for health insurance coverage. As mothers were moved to work they could gain private coverage and welfare reform eliminated automatic eligibility for Medicaid. In this essay, I use data from the PSID CDS. I find a 3-5 percent decrease in the likelihood that a child has had their annual checkup but no change to the insurance coverage of children. For health status, I find lower rates of asthma by 17 percent among African American children and an increase of 3-5 healthy days a year for all children. I present suggestive evidence that the improvements in child health are driving the reduction in healthcare utilization. Given the evidence in the literature on the importance of childhood health, these improvements have potentially large ramifications for future adult health.
Finally, in Essay 3 I explore the effect of the real purchasing power of SNAP benefits for households with children on dietary quality of food acquisitions and food insecurity. SNAP, formerly food stamps, is one of the most important components of the social safety net. However, there is concern that benefits are inadequate given high food insecurity rates among participating households. Currently SNAP does not account for variation in local food prices and does not sufficiently consider the dietary needs of adolescent children. Using data from the Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS), I exploit variation in county level food prices and family composition to estimate the purchasing power of food expenditures for SNAP and SNAP–eligible households to test for the effect of additional benefits on dietary quality and food security. I find that a ten percent increase in purchasing power is associated with increased per person weekly acquisition of grains, proteins, dairy, and vegetables by 1.5-2.5 percent. However the quantity of added sugars also increases by approximately two percent, suggesting an ambiguous impact on health. In line with these modest changes in quantity, I do not find a statistically significant impact of purchasing power on food insecurity rates.
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Obeda, Tabatha Lee. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Established Glycemic Monitoring Program in a High School Setting for Adolescents With Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5764.
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Adolescents with Type I and Type II diabetes need to monitor blood glucose and food intake, administer insulin, and participate in activities including physical education during school hours to maintain glycemic control. Glycemic management programs (GMPs) exist for the improvement of diabetes management during school hours. The purpose of this project was to evaluate a GMP in a school system in a rural area in the Southeastern United States. The goal was to determine if the existing GMP met objectives and to make recommendations for continuation, revision, or discontinuation of the GMP. The logic model provided the basic framework for the evaluation of the GMP by using a graphic flowchart depicting health outcomes prior to and after the implementation of the program. The review consisted of approximately 2,100 students from 9th to 12th grade, and out of those students there were 77 participants from 2010 and 89 participants from 2015 with diagnosis of diabetes. A t-test outcome evaluation found the updated GMP was associated with the lowering of hemoglobin A1c readings. Mean A1c in 2009 was 8.6% (180 - 190 mg/dl), with the mean decreasing to 7.2% (150 mg/d) in 2015. Changes in the program led to 1-to-1 care management based on children's individual needs and parental involvement. Findings show that the GMP improved glycemic management by empowering and individualizing care. This project contributes to positive social change by contributing to data from the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group study showing that prevention of onset of Type II diabetes mellitus in adults and adolescents is successful through early detection of prediabetes in childhood.