Dissertations / Theses: 'Dental public health Teeth Dentistry Public health'

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Oliveira, Deise Cruz. "Minimally invasive dentistry approach in dental public health." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1047.

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Dental caries is the main reason for placement and replacement of restorations (Keene, 1981). More than 60 percent of dentists' restorative time is spent replacing existing restorations. The replacement of restorations can result in a cavity preparation larger than its predecessor which leads to weakening of the remaining tooth structure (Mjör, 1993). Considering the traditional surgical dental caries management philosophy, it was based on "extension for prevention" and restorative material needs rather than on preserving the healthy tooth structure (Black, 1908). In the 1970s, the surgical dental paradigm began shifting to a new approach for caries management: Minimally Invasive Dentistry (MID). It was based on the medical model that prioritizes caries risk assessment, early caries detection, remineralization of tooth structure, and especially preservation of tooth structure through minimal intervention in the placement and replacement of restorations (Yamaga et al, 1972). The minimal intervention paradigm emphasizes use of adhesive restorative materials in order to minimize the size of cavity preparation (Murdoch-Kinch & McLean, 2003). Hence, a cross-sectional study using an online survey instrument (30-item) was conducted among National Network for Oral Health Access (NNOHA) and American Association Community Dental Programs (AACDP) members. Besides demographics, the survey addressed the following items using a 5-point Likert scale: knowledge, attitudes and behavior concerning MID among general practitioners. Specific questions focused on practitioner and practice characteristics, previous training and knowledge of MID, knowledge use of restorative, diagnostic and preventive techniques and whether MID was considered to meet the standard of care in the U.S., which was the main outcome of the study. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and two-Sample t-test were used to identify factors associated with beliefs that MID meets the standard of care. Overall, 86% believed MID met the standard of care for primary teeth, and 77% believed this for permanent teeth. The study found that those with more favorable opinions of fluoride to be more likely to believe MID met the standard of care, but no demographic or practice characteristics were associated MID standard of care beliefs.

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Momen, Jennifer. "The Association between Early Dental Visits, Dental Outcomes, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in West Virginia Children." Thesis, West Virginia University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10110159.

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Background and objectives: Early dental visits provide the opportunity to reduce the prevalence of early childhood caries through risk assessment, counseling, and provision of specific preventive measures. Despite the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry’s recommendation that the first dental visit should occur by 1 year of age, many children are not receiving care until much later. Evidence that early dental visits improve dental outcomes is vital to educate parents and health care providers. Hence, this study examined the association between a child’s age at the first dental visit and dental outcomes, parents’ awareness of the recommendation for the first dental visit, and perceived barriers to dental care. A secondary aim examined pediatric dentists’ perceived barriers to children’s early dental care in West Virginia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from parents of children ≤ 6 years of age, and under the care of a pediatric dentist. Pearson correlation was used to examine the association between age at first dental visit and age at caries onset. Chi-square analyses were used to test the association between (1) age at first dental visit and history of caries, (2) age at first dental visit and history of an adverse dental outcome, and (3) reason for the first dental visit and history of an adverse dental outcome. A binary logistic regression model was used to evaluate the extent to which age at the first dental visit explained caries history. For the qualitative study component, pediatric dentists responded to questions regarding barriers to the establishment of a dental home for West Virginia children. Results: A significant association was noted between a child’s age at the first dental visit and age at caries onset, r (29) = 0.65, p <.0001 [95% CI=0.39, 0.82]. No significant association was noted between age at the first dental visit and history of caries, or between age at first visit and history of adverse outcome (p >.05). However, children whose first visit was for a problem with the teeth or mouth were significantly more likely to have had an adverse outcome, χ2 (1, n = 160) = 7.60, p = .0058. The adjusted odds ratio for age at first dental visit in the logistic regression model predicting caries history was 1.10, [95% CI= 1.04, 1.17], p =.0013. Pediatric dentists perceived the limited dental workforce in West Virginia to be the greatest barrier to early dental visits for children. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates that parent reported dental outcomes may be useful in studies evaluating the association between early dental visits and dental outcomes. There remains a need to educate parents about the recommended first dental visit by age 1 year.

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Aljawad, Ayman. "Dental public health implications of novelty sweets consumption in children." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91950/.

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Statement of problem: The expansion of the novelty sweets market in the UK has major potential public health implications for children and young adults as they may cause dental erosion, dental caries and obesity. Aims and objective: To investigate the potential dental public health implications of novelty sweet consumption in children. The objectives of this study were to determine the available novelty sweets available to UK consumers, to determine the erosive potential of the most available novelty sweets, to establish the sensory thresholds in children and to determine any potential link between high sensory threshold individuals and their consumption of novelty sweets. Methodology: A list of the most commonly available novelty sweets was created by undertaking scoping visits of shops in the Cardiff area. Children’s use and knowledge of the ten most available novelty sweets were undertaken using focus groups, amongst 11-16 year old children. The focus groups informed the design of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to 46 children aged 11-16 years during a sensory analysis assessment involving sensory taste thresholds for sweet and sour, assessed using the intensity ranking method. The pH of the ten most available novelty sweets was assessed using an electronic pH meter; the neutralisable acidity was measured by titration against 0.1M sodium hydroxide; an erosion test was conducted on human teeth using a surfometer; contact angles were measured using a Dynamic Contact Angle Analyser; the viscosity was measured using a rotational viscometer and sugar content of the sweets was measured using a refractometer. Results: A wide range of novelty sweets were available, accessible to children in 73% of shops with an average price of 96p. The children were all familiar with novelty sweets, they reported buying and consuming them regularly. The majority of children (65%) required higher amounts of sugar and citric acid than the absolute taste threshold to recognise the sweet and sour tastes. There was an inverse relationship between the preference of the novelty sweets and perception of sweet and sour sensory thresholds (p < 0.05). The pH of eight of the ten novelty sweets was significantly lower than the orange juice (p < 0.05). The neutralisable acidity of seven of the sweets was significantly higher than the orange juice (p < 0.05). The erosive potential of six novelty sweets was significantly higher than the erosive potential of the orange juice (p < 0.05). Delayed ultrasonication by 1 h, reduced the amount of subsurface enamel loss by 0.52-1.45μm in presence of saliva. Some of the acidic solutions had low contact angles, lower viscosity and higher sugar content than orange juice. Conclusions: A wide range of acidic and free sugar sweetened novelty sweets were easily accessible and affordable to children. Children reported consuming these sweets regularly. The high sensory taste thresholds perception for sweet and sour in children may potentially affect their consumption of novelty sweets. Those personnel involved in delivering dental and wider health education or health promotion need to be aware of and able to advise on current trends in sweet confectionary. The potential effects of these novelty sweets on both general and dental health require further investigation.

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Magner, MaryBeth. "The Effects of Managed Care on the Quality of Dental Hygiene Care." TopSCHOLAR®, 1998. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/344.

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Managed care has become a prominent mechanism for insuring dental care. Empirical research suggests that managed dental plans provide lower quality care to patients. However, few studies have specifically addressed the effects of managed care on the quality of dental hygiene care. Thus, in this study the researcher examines whether dental hygienists deliver a lower level of treatment to managed care patients than to those who are not subject to managed care. Questionnaire data were gathered from 193 members of the American Dental Hygienists' Association residing in the Chicago area. The primary independent variable, managed care, was measured with an item that asked the respondents to indicate the percentage of patients they treat that are insured by a managed dental plan. The questionnaire also contained items that measured the frequency in which the respondents perform 23 tasks that are indicators of quality of dental hygiene care. Principal components factor analysis of these 23 items yielded the study's two dependent variables: periodontal procedures and appointment time. Regression analysis of the data revealed a significant negative relationship between managed care and appointment time. This relationship may be attributable to an economic incentive on the part of dentist-employers who control the amount of time scheduled for dental hygienists' patients. Dentist-employers may reduce the time available for managed care patients in order to allow longer appointments for more profitable fee-for-service patients. The study results did not support the notion that managed care affects the extent to which dental hygienists perform periodontal procedures. These mixed results suggest that future research should examine the relationships between managed care and other aspects of quality of dental hygiene care not addressed in the current study.

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Dong, Mei 1966. "Oral health beliefs and dental health care-seeking behaviors among Chinese immigrants." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101114.

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Understanding culturally related health values and identifying ethnically specific health seeking pathways can help health care providers supply culturally competent services and enhance cooperation with patients of different backgrounds. Cultural competency training, notably through cultural awareness courses, promotes understanding of the impact of social factors on illness and thus prepares medical and dental students to better serve their patients. Cultural awareness can also help preventive health programs fit community needs and cultural contexts. Despite the fact that Chinese immigrants are the fastest growing ethnic minority in North America, few studies have been published on their beliefs and health-seeking behaviours following immigration. We thus lack information on how Chinese immigrants regard dental health and manage their dental problems. Objective. The aims of this study were to explore how oral illness is viewed by Chinese immigrants in Montreal, Canada and how they manage dental problems. Methods. We conducted a qualitative research study based on semi-structured, one-on-one interviews and thematic analyses of the transcribed interviews. Twelve adult Montreal Chinese immigrants with a high level of education participated in the study. Results. Chinese immigrants in Montreal have a good understanding of dental caries in terms of its etiology, process, and ways to prevent and treat it. It thus seems that there is no major cultural barrier between this type of immigrant and oral health care professionals in regard to dental caries. However, we also observed that traditional beliefs and medications coexist with scientific dental knowledge and professional treatments concerning problems such as gingival swelling, gingival bleeding, and bad breath. In the case of gingival swelling, for instance, participants identified etiological factors that referred to both cultures: local factors referred to oral hygiene and were related to scientific culture, whereas general factors referred to traditional knowledge ("internal fire"). Chinese immigrants' dental health seeking pathways include self-treatment, consulting a dentist in Canada or in China during a return visit, and obtaining Chinese traditional medicine. The dental health seeking pathways varied depending on the circumstances. For dental caries and other acute diseases such as toothache, Chinese immigrants prefer to consult a dentist. For chronic diseases, some of them rely on self-treatment or an alter-native treatment such as traditional Chinese medicine. The language barrier, financial problems and lack of trust are the main factors affecting Chinese immigrants' access to dental care services in Canada. Former bad medical or dental experience among Chinese immigrants causes a loss of trust in Western medicine and dentistry and influences the decision to seek alternative treatments. Conclusion. This study suggests that, in order to facilitate dentist-patient communication; oral health professionals should be informed of immigrants' representation of oral health and illness, and that Chinese immigrants should be provided with basic scientific knowledge.

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Serna, Claudia A. "Exploring Oral Health Problems in Adult Hispanic Migrant Farmworkers: A Mixed-Methods Approach." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1593.

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This mixed-methods study examined patterns of dental health care utilization in adult Hispanic migrant farmworkers (AHMFW) with special emphasis on non-compliance with the American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Dental Hygienists Association (ADHA) recommendation of visiting the dentist at least once a year; while also exploring the group’s social and cultural construction of oral health. A total of 278 farmworkers responded to a close ended survey. Binary and hierarchical logistic regression analysis were employed in identifying predisposing, enabling, and needs factors associated with non-compliance. Following the survey, fourteen ethnographic interviews were conducted with respondents who volunteered to participate in this phase of the study. Most participants (79.5%) were non-compliant with the ADA and the ADHA recommendation. Binary logistic regression results indicated that AHFW reporting need for dental treatment were compliant with the recommendation. In contrast, those who brushed their teeth more often, experienced oral health impact, and reported poor perception of their mouth condition were non-compliant. Hierarchical logistic regression results pointed to those who used floss and reported need for dental treatment as compliant with the recommendation. Participants reporting poor perception of their mouth condition were non-compliant. Eight themes emerged from the qualitative analysis (understanding of the mouth, meaning of oral health, history of dental care; dental problems, barriers to dental care, caring of the teeth/mouth, medications, oral health quality of life). Farmworkers were knowledgeable of oral health, however, this knowledge, particularly the practice of brushing twice a day, made them less likely to seek regular dental care. Ultimately, a dental visit hinged on their limited finances, lack of dental insurance, and family responsibilities. Together, these decreased access to preventive dental services and increased risk of experiencing oral health problems.

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Patino, Daisy. "Oral health knowledge and dental utilization among Hispanic adults in Iowa." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1997.

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Objectives: To determine oral health literacy levels among Hispanic adults living in Iowa, and assess the relationship between oral health literacy and dental utilization. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of self-identifying Hispanic/Latino adults. Participants were recruited via mass email, word of mouth, and from faith-based organizations that provided church services in Spanish. Participants were recruited from urban and rural communities in Central and Eastern Iowa. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire, in either English or Spanish, that contained questions pertaining to: oral health literacy, dental utilization, acculturation, language proficiency, demographic information, country of origin, number of years living in the United States, and preferences pertaining to the characteristics of their dental providers (e.g. importance of dentist to be able to speak Spanish). Oral health literacy was assessed using the Comprehensive Measure of Oral Health Knowledge (Macek and colleagues). Oral health knowledge levels were categorized as low (0-14) or high (15-23). Dental utilization was defined as visiting a dental provider within the past 12 months or more than 12 months ago. Bivariate analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test with oral health knowledge and dental utilization being the two main outcome variables. Multiple logistic regression models were created to identify the variables related to low oral health knowledge irregular dental utilization. Statistical significance was set as p<0.05. IRB approval was obtained prior to conducting the study. Results: Three hundred thirty-eight participants completed the questionnaire. Sixty-seven percent of participants (n=228) completed the questionnaire in Spanish. The mean oral health knowledge score was 14 (low knowledge =51% vs. high knowledge = 49%). Thirty-five percent reported visiting the dentist <12 months ago. Bivariate analyses revealed that the following respondents were more likely to have low oral health knowledge (p<0.05): being older (i.e. 55-71 years of age), male, self-reporting low health literacy, having less than a high-school education, earning ≤$25,000, not having dental insurance, having low acculturation, being born outside of the United States, preferring a dental provider who speaks Spanish, perceiving one’s oral health to be fair/poor/or not knowing the status of one’s oral health, seeking dental care someplace other than a private dental office, and being more likely to seek care for a problem related visit rather than routine care. Having low oral health knowledge was statistically significantly associated visiting a dentist >12 months ago. Many other variables were also associated (p<;0.05) with infrequent dental utilization: low health literacy, being male, having <12th grade degree or a high school diploma, earning ≤$25,000, not having dental insurance, having low acculturation, reporting fewer years living in the United States, preferring a dental provider who speaks Spanish, perceiving one’s oral health to be fair/poor/or not knowing the status of one’s oral health, and seeking dental care someplace other than a private dental office. Final logistic regression analyses indicated that having less than a 12th grade education, lack of dental insurance, and a preference for receiving care from a Spanish speaking dental provider were associated with low oral health literacy. Furthermore, final logistic regression results predicting irregular dental utilization demonstrated that the following variables were statistically significant: being male, earning ≤$25,000 per year, not having dental insurance and having a history of tooth decay. Conclusion: Dental utilization and oral health knowledge appear to be associated. Patients with low oral health literacy may be less likely to utilize dental care, thus decreasing the opportunity to increase dental knowledge. Dental teams should recognize which patients are more likely to have low oral health literacy and provide dental education in patients’ preferred language.

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Dean, Lesa. "Dental Care in Long-Term Care Facilities of Warren County, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1986. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2252.

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Many physical changes occur as one ages, including changes associated with the oral cavity. A review of the literature suggests that the provision of dental care to institutionalized elderly patients presents problems due to a variety of factors. The purpose of this study is to assess the level or dental care provided to residents of long-term care facilities located in Warren County, Kentucky. In addition, secondary objectives Include the ascertainment of who provides dental care to residents and the amount or in-service dental training made available to staff members of the facility. Each administrator of the long term care facilities located in Warren County participated in an *interview conducted by the author. During the interview, information was obtained for a 21 item questionnaire concerning the facility, the number and age range or the residents, and types of dental services provided within the facility. Results obtained from the questionnaire indicated that 77 percent or the residents in long-tern care facilities in Warren County are 70 years of age or older. No significant differences were noted in the types or dental services provided to residents. However, the dental services provided ranged from those that were obtained in a private dental office via transportation or the resident to outside dental facilities to routine oral hygiene measures carried out by staff members employed by the facility. The findings revealed significant differences in the dental status of the MRDD residents when compared to the nursing home residents. Other findings indicated that none of the long-term care facilities had dental operatories or dental radiographic equipment on the premises. Additional research would be required in order to address uncertainties discovered in the study. A followup to the questionnaire Interview with the consulting dentists may be included to determine to what capacity and to what extent they are utilized by the facilities. Other recommendations include the utilization of entrance dental examinations to determine if services offered do meet the needs of the residents and periodic dental examinations to aid in detection and thus reduce the prevalence of dental diseases in this population.

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Smith, Angel. "Oral Health Literacy of Parents and Dental Service Use for Children Enrolled in Medicaid." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/73.

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Many people in the United States have untreated dental disease due to a lack of dental insurance, a lack of oral health knowledge, and a lack of priority placed on dental health. Despite an increase in dental service use by Medicaid recipients as a result of local programs, children enrolled in Medicaid often have low rates of use of dental services. Using the health literacy framework of the Paasche-Orlow and Wolf (POW) model, the purpose of this study was to explore to the relationship between oral health literacy of parents and dental service use for children enrolled in Medicaid and the differences in use rates between preventive and restorative services. A cross-sectional research design was employed within a convenience sample of parents who presented to a nonprofit clinic for a medical appointment. Participants completed a demographic profile, an oral health questionnaire, and REALD-30 survey. Responses were correlated with dental claims retrieved from 1 reference child for each parent. Pearson's correlation revealed no significant relationship between oral health literacy and dental service utilization, r = -.056 (p = .490). An ANOVA revealed no difference in utilization between preventive and restorative services, F (2, 149) = .173, p = .841, Ã§2 = .002. However, high rates of use for restorative services were observed, suggesting a high prevalence of tooth decay in children. Although this study did not find a significant relationship between oral health literacy and dental utilization, barriers continue to exist that contribute to the high rates of tooth decay in children enrolled in Medicaid. This study impacted social change by highlighting the importance of preventive care in reducing the prevalence of tooth decay.

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Binnie, Vivian Isobel. "A randomised controlled trial of 'brief' smoking cessation advice and NRT, delivered by dental hygienists, to patients in a dental setting." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6937/.

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The role that dental team members can play in the smoking cessation field is largely unevaluated. The work of this PhD thesis encompasses two phases, the first was to develop a means of determining smoking status, using analysis of continine, a nicotine metabolite. The second phase looked at the efficacy of dental hygienist-delivered smoking cessation advice in a dental setting. The aim of the first study was to compare continue levels in different biological fluids collected from both smokers and non-smokers, and to relate the findings to self-reported smoking status. Patients recruited to the study were asked to provide samples of urine, blood and saliva (both stimulated and unstimulated). Data collected from patients by questionnaire included information on smoking behaviour, such as daily number of cigarettes smoked, and environmental exposure to smoke. Following sample collection, patients were asked to rate the acceptability of each sampling method. Samples were analysed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits. In total, 80 patients participated, with 49 smokers and 31 non-smokers. There was clear differentiation between smokers and non-smokers (p<0.001) for all the different samples in terms of cotinine concentration. A significant relationship was seen between cotinine levels and daily number of cigarettes for both salivas and urine (all p < 0.001) but not for serum. Participants found serum and urine collection methodologies 'very acceptable' (67% and 66%, respectively) whereas 9% found collection of stimulated saliva 'not at all acceptable'. Thus, continine, as analysed by EIA kits, whatever the collection method, shows good differentiation between smokers and non-smokers. Salivary samples have the advantage of being non-invasive. However, collection methodology is important, as continine levels may vary.

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Heling, Gerardus Wilhemsus Joseph. "Tandheelkundig zelfzorggedrag in Nederland een bijdrage aan de tandheelkundige gezondheidsvoorlichting en -opvoeding = Dental self care behaviour in the Netherlands : a contribution to dental public health /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=mAhqAAAAMAAJ.

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Nakanaga, Motoki. "The Evaluation of the School-Based Flouride Mouthrinse Program in a Fluoridated Community." TopSCHOLAR®, 1991. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2678.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a school-based fluoride mouthrinse program in a fluoridated community. Such an evaluation is important because the effect of such programs may decrease over time due to the widespread use of fluoride. Two elementary schools were chosen. One had a fluoride mouthrinse program: the other did not. The subjects were children in grades one and six. Their caries experience was examined using dft. dfs. DFT, and DFS scores. There were no statistically significant differences between the two schools. The program had no significant effect in the community studied.

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Harrington, Maureen Patricia McWeeney. "Oral Health Care: An Autoethnography Reflecting on Dentistry's Collective Neglect and Changes in Professional Education Resulting in the Dental Hygienist Being the Prevention-focused Primary Oral Health Care Provider." Scholarly Commons, 2019. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3636.

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Many factors influence poor oral health among disadvantaged populations including socioeconomic circumstances, knowledge of disease prevention strategies and ability to implement those strategies, public policies, insurance status, insurance policies, dental providers and other challenges to accessing dental care. Often these issues converge and result in early disadvantages to achieving good oral health (Horton & Barker, 2010). Addressing even some of the factors that contribute to poor oral health may provide ways to change the dental health status of historically underserved populations. The purpose of this research is to explore my role as a practitioner and researcher in the creation of a hygienist-based, community-site located, teledentistry supported system of dental care for underserved populations and the intersection of my experiences with cultural, societal and educational occurrences. This autoethnography examined my own experiences and also explored the experiences of a small sample of others who participated in onsite dental care systems utilizing hygienists as the prevention-focused primary care provider. As Ellis and Bochner (1996) note “Autoethnography stands as a current attempt to, quite literally, come to terms with sustaining questions of self and culture” (p. 193). The findings that emerged from my work included a realization that the dental industry creates and perpetuates the collective neglect of large portions of the US population. Some of this neglect is embedded in traditional power structures in dentistry, gender bias and distrust in professional skills as a result of separate professional education structures. The result for many people is untreated dental disease, a profound lack of health equity, increased shame due to poor oral health as well as missing school. There are ways to address the collective neglect of the dental industry through the reframing of the dental hygienist as the prevention-focused primary care oral health provider in professional education programs then integrating this provider type into community settings like schools.

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Mathur, Sweta. "Behavioural risk factors associated with oral cancer : assessment and prevention in primary care dental practices in Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2019. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/41093/.

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The incidence of oral cancer continues to rise in the UK and in Scotland, with a steady increase in oral cavity cancer rates and a rapid increase in oropharyngeal cancer rates in the last decade. These rates are projected to increase further over the next decade, so there is a pressing need to optimise oral cancer prevention strategies. Tobacco and alcohol use are recognised as the major modifiable risk factors for developing oral cancer (both oral cavity and oropharyngeal). In addition, there is a significant increased risk for oral cancer among lower socioeconomic groups, males, and older age groups. Recently there has been recognition of the role of human papillomavirus in the aetiology of oropharyngeal cancers. The major behavioural risk factors (tobacco and alcohol) implicated in oral cancer risk are also associated with a wide range of diseases affecting oral and general health and are thus termed 'common risk factors', increasing the public health benefit should they be tackled. Given the pivotal role in oral cancer and wider disease prevention of reducing tobacco and alcohol use, there is a clear need to optimise the role of primary care dental professionals in delivering behavioural interventions. However, there are uncertainties about the best evidence for particular strategies and approaches to assess risk factors, advise and/or refer in the dental practice setting, with a particular lack of clarity in terms of the specific form and content of such interventions (for example: duration, tailoring to need, who delivers). In addition, the barriers and facilitators to implementation in primary care dental practice - from both the dental professional and patient perspectives - is relatively under-explored. This thesis describes studies undertaken to address these gaps in the knowledge and evidence-base. First a systematic overview was undertaken of systematic reviews and published (international) clinical guidelines. This aimed to identify the evidence on the best practice for the assessment of the major behavioural risk factors associated with oral cancer and for delivering effective behaviour change preventive interventions (in relation to, for example: advice, counselling, signposting/referral to preventive services) by dental professionals in primary care dental practice setting. This evidence was then explored via a study in primary care dental practices in Scotland utilising qualitative in-depth interviews with dental professionals, to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation, and to gather suggestions to inform the development of interventions to support dental professionals in delivering prevention. Finally, a small qualitative survey of patients attending primary care dental practice was conducted to explore barriers, facilitators, and acceptability of risk factor assessment and preventive interventions from the patients' perspective. The overview shows a lack of direct evidence from the dental practice setting (one high-quality systematic review relating to tobacco prevention and none relating to alcohol). However, relatively strong evidence and recommendations from other primary care (medical/pharmacy) settings were identified and synthesised, which could potentially be adapted and adopted by dental professionals. Overall the findings show that robust risk factor assessment is an important first step in any prevention intervention. There is a clear indication of the effectiveness of a "brief", in-person, motivational intervention for sustained tobacco abstinence and reduced alcohol consumption. The lack of detail particularly in relation to duration made it difficult to make a conclusion regarding precise specification of the duration of element of the "brief" interventions. For tobacco users, though longer (10-20 minutes) and intensive (more than 20 minutes, with follow-up visits) interventions have shown to be effective in increasing quit rates compared to no intervention, very brief (less than 5 minutes) interventions in a single session also showed comparable effectiveness to the longer brief or intensive interventions. While, for alcohol users, 10-15 minutes multi-contact interventions were most effective, compared to no intervention or very brief intervention or intensive intervention; brief interventions of 5 minutes duration were also reported to be equally effective. Thus, very brief or brief advice of up to 5 minutes, should be trialled for tobacco and alcohol respectively in a dental practice setting, tailored to patient motivational status. Exploring use of the dental team is supported, as effectiveness was generally independent of primary care provider (i.e. general practice physician or nurse). The qualitative studies on feasibility showed time and resources to be the major barriers from the dental professional perspective. Dental professionals also reported social barriers for a) using cancer as a term to frame preventive consultations and b) in delivering alcohol advice which may not be welcome by patients. Professionals were willing to receive training to overcome confidence issues in approaching behavioural aspects of both main risk factors. Patients however generally supported explicit conversations on oral cancer, and were amenable to alcohol as well as smoking advice, provided their stage-of-change (motivational readiness) was incorporated. The use of formal risk assessment tools to frame discussions was broadly supported by patients and professionals alike. Recommendations are made for testing a model of preventive consultation that draws from this best available evidence and addresses barriers for professionals and patients alike to help shape practice and support this important area of public health going forward.

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Gannam, Camille Vera. "Social Determinants and Behavior Characteristics of Families Seeking Emergency Dental Care for Child Dental Pain." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1467852992.

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Al, Darwish Mohammed S. "Dental caries, oral health and life style variables among school children in Qatar." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2014. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/940/.

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Background: Effective delivery of dental services must be based on reliable information regarding the prevalence and severity of disease in the target population. Evaluation of the various factors known to influence the severity and progression of disease is essential for health policy makers to promote oral health resources and address oral health needs. Objective: The overall aim of this research is to describe the situation of dental caries and investigate the associations of level of oral health knowledge, teeth irregularity, BMI and other life style variables (TV viewing, internet use, passive smoking and dietary habits) with dental caries, including the impact of socio-demographic factors amongst school children in Qatar. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Qatar from October 2011 to March 2012. A total of 2,113 children aged 12-14 years were randomly selected from 16 schools from different areas. Clinical examination was conducted by three calibrated examiners using World Health Organization criteria for diagnosing dental caries. Teeth irregularity was determined clinically according to a method described by Björk et al (1964). A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to assess oral health knowledge and life style data. Data analyses were performed. Results: The mean decayed, missing and filled teeth index values was 4.62 (±3.2), 4.79 (±3.5), and 5.5 (±3.7), respectively, for the 12, 13 and 14 year old children. The caries prevalence was 85%. The mandibular incisors and canines were least likely to be affected by dental caries, while maxillary and mandibular molars were the most frequently attacked by dental caries. Of the total sample, only one quarter reported a high level of oral health knowledge. There were more incidences of teeth crowding (44.1%) than teeth spacing (9.5%). The overall prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity was 5%, 10%, and 5% respectively. Almost half of the children spent > two hours watching television and 46% spent > two hours using internet. Approximately 35.8% of children had exposure to passive smoking. Concerning dietary habits, 99.4% of children consumed sugar containing snacks in between meals. Approximately 65% consumed sugar containing snacks within one hour of bed time. Almost 49.1% skipped eating breakfast regularly and 22.7% skipped eating lunch regularly. Around 83.8% consumed diary snacks in between meals. Overall, 74.2% drank tea in-between meals and 80.1% chewed gum in-between meals. All variables were affected by socio-demographic factors, but significant differences were found in female children in that they were more at risk to dental caries than male children. Also, children who resided in semi-urban areas were more at risk to dental caries than children who resided in urban areas. The occurrence of dental caries is significantly associated with the level of oral health knowledge, teeth irregularity, and other life style variables. Conclusion: The need to reduce sedentary behaviors and to promote a more active and healthy lifestyle is becoming increasingly essential in Qatar. Implementation of a community-based preventive oral health programs on a healthy diet and practices of adequate oral hygiene should be promoted in schools through integration into the school curriculum and services to combat the growing problem of dental caries.

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Shelley, Johnette Joy. "Significant indicators of intent to leave among army dental corps junior officers." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/739.

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Objective: To identify the significant predictors associated with Army Dental Corps Junior Officers' intent to leave the military. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted utilizing the responses from the 2009 Army Dental Officer Retention Survey. The 92 item questionnaire consisted of questions addressing retention issues. Although the survey was distributed to all Army dental officers, only results from junior officers were considered for this study. Results: Forty-six percent of junior officers completed the survey (N=577; n=267).Fifty-eight percent of respondents reported an intent to leave the military prior to retirement. In the final regression model, six variables were significantly (p < .05) associated with an officer's intent to leave: unit of assignment (p<.009, Beta=.144); specialty training status or area of concentration (AOC) (p< .047, Beta=.098) ; age (p<.002, Beta= -.133); military lifestyle (p<.001, Beta=.236); benefits (p<.000, Beta= -.408) and professional development (p<.023, Beta=.194). The model accounted for 45.7% of the total variance. Conclusion: Variables other than pay, bonuses, deployments, frequent moves and student debt were significantly associated with intent to leave. Future studies should be conducted to more fully understand how the identified significant predictor variables impact intent to leave so that policies can be developed to help reduce turn-over among junior dental officers.

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Willenberg, Danae Joy. "Dental Service Utilization in HIV-Infected Adults." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1333744766.

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Brent, Barbara K. "A Survey of the Implementation and Usage of Electronic Dental Records and Digital Radiographs in Private Dental Practices in Mississippi." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3365.

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Implementation of electronic health records by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health has led to the implementation of electronic dental records (EDRs) and digital radiography in dental offices. The purpose of this study was to determine the state of the implementation and usage of EDRs and digital radiographs by the private general and pediatric dental practices in Mississippi as well as reasons why the dental practices are not moving forward with the advanced technology. A survey was emailed to 712 dental practices: 116 responded (16% response rate), and 104 consented to participate (89.66%). Results indicated dental practices in Mississippi using EDRs was 46.07%, EDRs with paper records was 42.70%, and only paper records was 11.24%. Results indicated dental practices using digital radiography was 76.40%, conventional radiography was 13.48%, and both was 10.11%. Common reasons for not advancing were cost, insufficient training, computer/software issues, and “too old.”

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Cope, Anwen L. "Understanding the use of antibiotics in the management of dental problems in primary care." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74483/.

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Antimicrobial resistance is an international public health problem and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Antibiotic consumption, particularly indiscriminate use of these agents, is recognised as a major cause of resistance. Clinical guidelines recommend that in otherwise healthy individuals, antibiotics should not be used in the management of acute dental conditions, in the absence of spreading infection and systemic upset. Instead, a surgical intervention should be the first-line treatment for such problems. This thesis describes the use of antibiotics for acute dental conditions in primary care in the UK, and explores factors that influence prescribing for dental problems using a mixed methods approach.

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Young, Mairi Anne. "Optimising the role of the dental health support worker in Childsmile Practice : a comparative Realist approach." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8111/.

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Background: Childsmile, the national oral health improvement programme for children in Scotland, aims to reduce oral health inequalities and improve access to dental services. Childsmile is delivered, in part, by a new category of lay or community-based worker known as a Dental Health Support Worker (DHSW) who supports families to improve oral health behaviours and attend a dental practice. Findings from Childsmile’s national process evaluation indicated there was widespread variation in delivery of the DHSW role and additional research was required to further understand and develop programme theory for the DHSW role; and clarify areas of variation which were adaptive and which were a risk to the programme meeting its desired objectives. Aims: The overarching aim was to gain further understanding of which factors and variants (contextual and those associated with programme delivery) impact on effectiveness of the DHSW role within Childsmile Practice. This research is a component study of the national Childsmile evaluation strategy. Findings will be fed back to the Childsmile programme to optimise delivery of the role and to enable future evaluation of the role’s impact. Methods: Learning and evidence generation was triangulated from two phases of research, comprising three component studies. Phase 1 comprised the sensitising study and comparative case studies: both provided learning from within Childsmile. The sensitising study was designed as a scoping exercise using qualitative data collection methods. The aim was to establish existing programme theory and explicate delivery of the DHSW role, while uncovering deviation (from programme theory) and variation within and between NHS boards. Findings were used to design three comparative case studies, comprising one DHSW and key stakeholders involved in delivery of the role from three NHS boards. The comparative case studies employed qualitative data collection methods; and were designed to address the overarching aim, and explore the casual links between context, delivery, and outcomes in delivery of the role using Realist-inspired analysis. Phase 2 comprised a Realist Review to provide learning from out with Childsmile. The aim was to gain an understanding of which components of child health interventions, delivered by lay health workers to parents, could influence ‘child health parenting behaviours’. Findings and Conclusions: Findings indicated that in terms of motivational readiness to engage with positive oral health parenting behaviours (POHPBs) there were three types of families referred to the DHSW for support: low, moderate, and high-risk. It was established that to address programme aims DHSWs ought to support moderate-high risk families, yet DHSWs only had capacity to support low-moderate risk families. Findings demonstrated that the Public Health Nurses/Health Visitors were best placed to triage families according to their needs and motivational readiness. The peer-ness of the DHSW role was found to positively influence parental engagement with the programme and facilitate person-centred support. However, an embedded ‘sweetie culture’ and health damaging environments were found to negatively impact on parents’ self-efficacy and perceived locus of control to engage with POHPBs. Learning indicated that: delivery over a prolonged period of time; incorporation of the programme into the Early Years Pathway and GIRFEC policy; and recent changes to the Children and Young Person (Scotland) Act (2014), served to embed Childsmile within the NHS boards and facilitated stakeholder buy-in, which positively impacted on delivery of the role. From the learning derived within and out with Childsmile the recommendations for the DHSW role included: (1) DHSW support should move away from a primarily information provision and facilitation of families into dental practice role, and incorporate socio-emotional and person-centred support; (2) The DHSW role should be redefined to support moderate-high risk families; and interpretation and application of referral criteria should be addressed to ensure continuity with who is referred for support; and (3) Programme theory for the DHSW role should be refined and future evaluative effort should concentrate on assessing impact.

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Oishi, Matthew Masayoshi. "A national study of dental care delivery and utilization at programs of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6481.

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Background: The Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) is a program of care that enrolls nursing home eligible and offers them community-based long-term services and supports (LTSS). Many PACE enrollees are “dual eligibles” (DEs) meaning they qualify for Medicare and Medicaid services. Dental care is a unique feature of PACE among LTSS, as many LTSS do not include dental care, even though this population has difficulty in accessing these services. However, little is known about the delivery of dental care at PACE and how dental care and oral health promotion and prevention is being integrated into PACE. Thus, the purpose of this study is to describe the delivery and integration of dental care at PACE. Methods: Based on ten preliminary interviews and the PACE manual from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), a 56-question survey was developed to describe the delivery and integration of dental care at PACE across the country. In addition, the survey asked programs to rank their focus among five specialties (dentistry, mental health, optometry, audiology, podiatry), to determine if a program’s focus on dental care would influence the delivery and integration of dental services at PACE, and if this would lead the program to have a very high percentage of new and continuous enrollees with regular dental examinations. A publicly available contact list was obtained from CMS and the survey was distributed to all 124 PACE programs via email. Results: Respondents in this study represented 35 programs (28.2%) in 23 states (74.2%). Most programs had no limits for dental care, minimal waitlists, and provide most dental services without exclusions. This is evident by the 51.4% of programs that have no dental budget, 100% of programs providing preventive and basic restorative dental care, and nearly 100% offering advanced restorative services. Many programs also did not have a waitlist for non-emergent dental care. Few programs include a dentist in the routine operations of the PACE program, as evidenced by few programs having dentists conduct the dental assessment for the initial comprehensive assessment or having a dental director. A statistically significant association with a high percentage of reported utilization of dental examinations was detected with programs having a system for quality assurance for dental care (t=0.358, p=0.024), a protocol for a dental cleaning every 6-12 months (t=0.595, p<0.001), mandating a comprehensive dental examination (t=0.390, p=0.007), and providing preventive dental services onsite with built-in equipment (t=0.454, p=0.001). No factors were statistically associated with the focus ranking for dentistry among the other specialties. Conclusion: This study suggests that compared to nursing homes, PACE enrollees may have greater ability to receive dental care without limitations of the state adult Medicaid dental benefit. Dentistry also appears to be a high focus for some PACE programs. This study has begun to identify structures that support positive outcomes that can be used to develop best practices and guidelines for the delivery of dental care in PACE and other LTSS. Future studies are needed to better understand barriers and facilitators to the delivery of dental care and other specialty services.

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White, Megan. "Exploring the Risk Factors that Influence the Parental Dental Deferment Decision." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/206.

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When caregivers defer their personal routine dental care (RDC) in order to provide RDC for their children, they risk detrimental consequences in their personal health and the health of their children. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to identify the risk factors that led to the parental dental deferment decision. The oral health and personal care services conceptual models guided the development of the research questions, facilitated the selection of risk factors on the decision-making process, and provided the basis for the data analysis thematic categories. Ten caregivers who made the decision to defer their personal RDC for the sake of their children's RDC participated in the study. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. According to the results of the study, the oral health beliefs of caregivers shaped their decision to seek RDC for their children while financial barriers, dental fear, and distrust obstructed their capacity to seek RDC for themselves. Caregivers placed a higher priority on their children's wellbeing--including dental care--than on their own health, despite knowing the association between poor oral health and serious health conditions. These findings indicated, for caregivers, deferring personal RDC was not a lack of desire, education, or care but striving for constant balance between affordability and providing their children with every healthy opportunity in life. The positive social change implications of this study include increasing the proportion of adults receiving RDC yearly through development of targeted interventions that increase caregivers' access to and utilization of dental care services. Such efforts would support the strategies implemented to achieve Healthy People 2020 objectives.

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Sturgill, Riley B. "Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Teeth Extracted with a Diagnosis of Cracked Tooth: A Retrospective Study." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4820.

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The body of knowledge that exists regarding cracked teeth is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cracks among extracted teeth. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included patients of the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry that underwent extraction procedures over a 6 year period. The sample consisted of 20,408 patients and 40,870 teeth. Statistical analysis software was used to identify diagnoses of a crack, fracture, or split tooth prior to extraction of the tooth by analyzing the Electronic Health Record (EHR) (axiUm™, Version 6.03.03.1035, Exan Corporation, Vancouver, BC, Canada). There were 3,228 teeth identified as cracked in the 40,870 extracted teeth—an overall prevalence of 7.90%. The percentage of cracked teeth were compared using a chi-square test of homogeneity. The prevalence of cracked teeth varied according to tooth type (chi-square = 95.5, df = 7, p < .0001). Tukey’s multiple-comparison procedure identified the groups of tooth types with a significantly different cracked prevalence. The mandibular 2nd molar had the highest prevalence (9.72%). Age and gender were also significantly correlated with cracked teeth.

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Northcott, Andy. "Exploring the attitudes of stakeholders in the dental community in the Netherlands and the UK towards Direct Access." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exploring-the-attitudes-of-stakeholders-in-the-dental-community-in-the-netherlands-and-the-uk-towards-direct-access(1c82555d-bc35-4615-bb71-7c29de71bda6).html.

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Dentists have traditionally been the sole gatekeepers to the delivery of primary care dental services. Direct Access, a measure that allows Dental Care Professionals to see patients without a referral from a Dentist, is a fundamental change to this long-standing principle. This thesis systematically explores the attitudes of stakeholders across the micro, meso and macro levels of dentistry towards Direct Access in two distinct health care systems, the Netherlands and the UK.Direct Access was introduced in the Netherlands in 2006 and subsequently introduced in the UK in 2013. This study uses a qualitative approach to explore the attitudes towards the introduction of Direct Access in both of these states. It presents the results of semi-structured interviews with 74 participants (individually or as part of a group) including Students, Dental Care Professionals and Dentists at the micro-level, representatives of Professional Associations, Insurers and Dental Schools at the meso-level and Policy Makers at the macro-level. The results of this study show a significant range of attitudes towards Direct Access, but reveal a degree of consensus within individual stakeholder groups towards the reform’s introduction and impact. Dental Care Professionals interpret the introduction of Direct Access as recognition of their capabilities and expect it to primarily benefit patients through access to care and expertise. Dentists were more likely to view the introduction of Direct Access in terms of competition or professional persecution, with the impacts considered from a professional or financial viewpoint. Policy Makers saw potential for Direct Access to realign dental workforces and services to contemporary care needs. Attitudes at the meso level demonstrated the greatest variety and were more influenced by the idiosyncrasies of their respective health care system. In comparing the attitudes towards Direct Access in the Netherlands and the UK there were several differences, such as in the support of the Direct Access by Principal Dentists, however many of these can be explained by differences in healthcare funding and the time difference between the two reforms. Despite these differences stakeholders in both states felt that while Direct Access had the potential to create significant impacts on a range of issues (including professional competition, patient access to care, the reduction of care costs to patients and the state, the redistribution of dental tasks and the remodelling of the dental workforce) it was unlikely to do so in either the Netherlands or the UK. Flaws in the Direct Access regulations, legal obstructions to crucial procedures and imbalances in street-level professional power were perceived to obstruct Direct Access. Rather than revolutionising dental services Direct Access has been implemented selectively in the interest of dental practices.

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Asbury, Janeime Necole. "Effect of Reduced-Fee Dental Hygiene Treatment and Oral Health Perceptions Among Socioeconomically Deprived Persons." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2952.

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Access to oral health care remains problematic for millions of Americans. Factors such as socioeconomic status, age, race, and lack of dental insurance benefits inhibit the ability of many to obtain preventative oral health care. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of preventive oral health treatment and education at reduced-fee dental hygiene facilities on the oral health behaviors and perceptions of socioeconomically deprived persons within the state of Georgia. This study was based on the health belief model constructs. A convenience sample of 102 participants was recruited from the individuals who visited two dental hygiene colleges to seek treatment for the first time. The independent variable was the receipt of reduced-fee dental hygiene treatment/education. The dependent variables were the oral health perceptions and behaviors of socioeconomically deprived persons, as well as the perceptions and behaviors of patients provided with a referral for follow-up treatment with a dentist. Mediating variables were sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and logistic regression were applied to detect potential differences in the dependent variables before and after treatment. The most significant changes were found in categories dealing with self-efficacy measures that patients could take to improve their own oral health. Also, the oral health behaviors and perceptions of younger, African-American of low educational and financial background were significantly more improved after treatment. The social change implication of this research may be that oral health practitioners can use these results to create preventative interventions more tailored for socioeconomically deprived persons who face complicated oral health issues.

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Attanasi, Kim. "Perceived Parental Barriers to Preventive Dental Care Programs for Children." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4417.

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Dental caries is the most prevalent childhood illness and disproportionately affects children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Dental organizations are collaborating within communities to decrease oral health disparities among children by offering free preventive oral health events. These programs face the problem of low enrollment due to lack of informed parental consent. Also, gaps in the literature indicated the need to examine oral health perceptions and dental-care-seeking practices of culturally diverse low-income parents regarding preventive care for their children. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the reasons why parents are not allowing their children to participate in the aforementioned programs. This inquiry examined how perceived barriers impede parents from seeking free preventive dental care for their children. The transtheoretical model and social cognitive theory were used in this study. Open-ended questions were used to interview 20 purposefully sampled parents regarding perceptions of free preventive dental care programs until saturation. Interviews were audio recorded, and all data were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed thematically. The main themes revealed through this analysis were lack of trust and cultural dissimilarities as potential barriers. Additional themes of money, fear, lack of insurance, transportation, time, and access to care were also confirmed. This study may contribute to positive social change by increasing knowledge that may inform the development of clinical and policy solutions aimed at improving parents' awareness regarding children's oral health, ultimately enabling a reduction in childhood caries and oral health disparities.

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Strandberg, Oskar, and Ahmed Azzawi. "Community-based clinical teaching set in a Swedish public dental service – Students and mentors perception regarding their experience." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19613.

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Introduktion: Under den tionde terminen av tandläkarprogrammet på Malmö högskola genomgår studenterna verksamhetsförlagd utbildning (VFU) sedan 2004. Detta sker i samarbete med Folktandvården Skåne och under 15 veckor arbetar studenterna en dag i veckan under handledning på folktandvårdens kliniker i närliggande område.Syfte: Att utvärdera erfarenheter efter genomgången VFU ur deltagarnas perspektiv.Metod: Alla tandläkarstudenter och handledare som genomgått VFU 2006 och 2015 tillfrågades om att besvara en utvärderingsenkät med numerisk bedömningsskala och utrymme för tillhörande kommentarer. Sex studenter och fem handledare som genomgått VFU år 2015 intervjuades även med en semistrukturerad intervjumetodik som sammanfördes genom en tematiserad innehållsanalys. Resultat: Enkät: Poängsättningen var genomgående hög för både 2006 och 2015. Studenterna poängsatte påstående 6 ”Det nuvarande upplägget med 15 veckor och en dags tjänstgöring i veckan är tillfredställande.” signifikant högre 2015 än 2006. Påstående 8 ”Det finns en samsyn avseende metoder och behandlingsval mellan skola och folktandvård.” poängsatte studenterna signifikant lägre än handledarna 2015. 2006 poängsatte studenterna påstående tre ”Sammansättningen av patienter var bra.” signifikant lägre än vad handledarna gjorde. Intervju: Studenter och handledare ansåg att VFU är fördelaktigt i utbildningssyfte och ger studenterna självsäkerhet och trygghet i ansvarstagande. Förslag på förbättringar förekom även under intervjuerna.Slutsats: Verksamhetsförlagd utbildning ger fördelaktigheter både för studenter och deras handledare. Studenter och handledare uttrycker uppskattning och är generellt nöjda efter VFU. Introduction: The tenth semester of the dentistry program at Malmö university students undergoes an outreach program (internship) since 2004 and this is in collaboration with Folktandvården Skåne. During 15 weeks the students work at their assigned clinics one day a week under supervision from their tutors.Objective: To evaluate experiences after placement from the participants' perspective.Method: All dental students and tutors who have completed internship in 2006 and 2015 were asked to answer an evaluation questionnaire with numeric rating scale and scope for comments. Six students and five mentors who have completed internship in 2015 were interviewed with a semi-structured interview methodology, later analysed by content analysis method.Results: Questionnaire: rating was consistently high for both 2006 and 2015. The students scored significantly higher on question six “The set-up of one day of clinical work over 15 weeks were satisfying.” 2015 than in 2006. Students scored question eight“There is a consensus regarding methods and treatment options between the dental school and Folktandvården Skåne” significantly lower than their supervisors in 2015. In 2006 students scored question three “The composition of patients was good” significantly lower than the supervisors did. Interview: Students and tutors felt that the internship had been beneficial for training purposes, giving the students more self-esteem and confidence in taking responsibility. Improvements for the outreach program where proposed. Conclusion: The clinical training program is favourable, both for the students and their tutors. In general terms, the students and the supervisors were satisfied with the cooperation.

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Bhoopathi, Vinodh. "Determining the Level of Patient Satisfaction in a Dental Hygiene Setting." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1035.

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Not many studies have been conducted in the past to determine patients' level of satisfaction in academic dental hygiene settings. This patient satisfaction study analyzed the level of patient satisfaction with the dental hygiene clinic at East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN. The purpose of the study was to determine if there was a statistically significant influence of demographic characteristics of the patients and the affective behavior of the care providers on level of patient satisfaction. It was concluded that except for age, other demographic variables did not have any statistically significant influence on patient satisfaction. Also, care provider's affective behavior significantly influenced patient satisfaction. Overall, the dental hygiene patients were satisfied with the clinic. As patients' needs are prioritized in this customer-driven industry, such positive patient satisfaction data can be used for the welfare of the patients, the care providers, and the health care organization.

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Garcia, Sanchez Carolina. "Investigation on Time Spent on Caries Prevention in Västerbotten Public Dental Service Clinics : A secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal caries study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391674.

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Introduction: Despite being preventable, dental caries is the most widespread noncommunicable disease (NCD) globally. Being de most prevalent condition, and the attempts of dentists and dental auxiliaries to give oral health the right attention, transparent, reliable, and up-to-date data about the type and level of oral health care costs are of significant societal relevance to present feedback about health system–level efficiency. Methods: Using records from a prospective cohort of 452 12-year-old children from 14 Västerbotten Public Dental Service Clinics an investigation on time spent on caries prevention was done. Time spend on caries prevention per patient per year was used as a proxy for caries prevention costs to understand variation in values in these cohort. Result: Time spend on caries prevention was associated with individual caries experience, clinics caries prevalence and number of dentists and dental auxiliaries in a 1:2 ratio. Besides,the patient’s caries risk assessment could not explain oral health professionals time spent oncaries prevention. Discussion: Time spent on caries prevention was not evenly distributed (median= 6.8 minutes). As a consequence of improved dental health and scarce resources it has been essential to optimize the efficiency in the dental service. Thus, the amount of individualized preventive intervention offered and given by dentists, hygienists and nurses, to the patients in the various risk groups needs to be further clarified.

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Taft, Sara. "Hand Function Evaluation for Dental Hygiene Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2326.

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Dental hygiene students may struggle in dental hygiene curriculum in regards to hand function. Currently, this is not an aspect dental hygiene programs screen for or have protocol in place to help students. The research in the study examined if hand function could improve with hand function exercises and if exercises improved instrumentation scores. During a 6-week pilot study, an occupational therapist tested the hand function of a cohort of dental hygiene students. The results were recorded and the students began a 6-week hand function exercise regimen. After 6 weeks the same evaluations were preformed and the pre- and posttest data were compared. Statistical tests showed a significant improvement in hand function. After the hand function testing was complete, the scores of the cohort on the periodontal probe and 11/12 explorer were compared to students in the previous 5 cohorts. No significant improvement was made on the instrumentation scores.

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Haider, Zane Karrer. "AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY OF EARLY ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEED IN PHILADELPHIA PEDIATRIC DENTAL PATIENTS USING THE INDEX FOR PREVENTIVE AND INTERCEPTIVE ORTHODONTIC NEEDS (IPION)." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/229832.

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Oral Biology M.S. Abstract Introduction: Early Orthodontic Treatment (EOT) has been extensively studied, but questions still remain regarding the prevalence of its need in the United States. Without information regarding the epidemiology of EOT need, it is difficult to make determinations as to its viability as a Medicaid service. The Index for Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Needs (IPION) developed by Coetzee is the only index specifically meant for children in the mixed dentition. The purpose of this study was to utilize the IPION to measure EOT need in two pediatric dental populations in Philadelphia. Methods: 87 children between the ages of 6 and 9 were screened using the IPION. Overall scores, demographic information, and prevalence of specific malocclusions were recorded and analyzed. Results: A substantial proportion of children fell into the definite treatment need category (60.92% ±5.2% when including restorations and caries in the score, 31.03%±5.0% when excluding restorations and caries from the score). Site of screenings, race and sex had no significant effects on prevalence of EOT need, while IPION rubric used (IPION6 versus IPION9) had marginally significant effects on the prevalence of EOT need. Conclusions: There is a significant proportion of children in Philadelphia pediatric dental populations who have unmet EOT needs. Patients, communities, Medicaid, orthodontists and residents could all benefit from treatment of these children if policy were changed to allow EOT to be covered by Medicaid in Pennsylvania. Temple University--Theses

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Gibilini, Cristina 1979. "Avaliação longitudinal do tratamento restaurador atraumático em escolares de uma cidade do sudoeste brasileiro." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288044.

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Orientador: Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:47:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gibilini_Cristina_D.pdf: 1058584 bytes, checksum: 86cf1d08c9f474cd2a8ca353c11f1bb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 Resumo: O Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART) tem sido considerado um meio resolutivo para o tratamento de diversas lesões de cárie. É realizado sem a utilização de instrumentos rotatórios e sem anestesia, nas quais as camadas mais profundas do tecido de dentina desorganizada são mantidas sob o material restaurador, o cimento de ionômero de vidro. Este estudo teve como objetivo: (1) avaliar a proporção de lesões de cáries com indicação para o ART em escolares de 5 a 10 anos de idade; (2) avaliar o ART como medida de controle de cárie tendo em vista a avaliação da longevidade das restaurações nos 6 primeiros meses após o tratamento, levando em conta a importância deste tratamento na promoção de saúde e saúde pública como um todo e (3) avaliar as restaurações realizadas após 18 meses do tratamento restaurador atraumático considerando variáveis independentes clínicas e aspectos sóciodemográficos. Assim, a amostra foi composta por escolares de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 5 e 10 anos, provenientes de 10 escolas públicas no município de Piracicaba, SP. As crianças tratadas receberam indicação por meio de levantamento epidemiológico de cárie realizado previamente. As restaurações foram realizadas e avaliadas (após 6, 12 e 18 meses) segundo protocolos descritos na literatura. Este estudo mostrou que 37,60% de todas as crianças avaliadas apresentaram lesões de cárie não tratadas sendo que 39,9% destas possuíam pelo menos 1 dente com indicação para o ART. Além disso, aproximadamente 50% dos escolares tratados passaram da classificação de alto risco (E), para risco moderado (B), apenas pela utilização da técnica, com 81,78% de sucesso aos 6 meses de avaliação. Por fim, o ART mostrou-se efetivo em restaurações envolvendo uma ou mais faces após 18 meses, levando em conta a importância da avaliação das restaurações a partir dos 12 meses. Neste estudo os fatores sociodemográficos não estiveram estatisticamente associados à sobrevida das restaurações, mas devem ser considerados em estudos futuros como componentes desta avaliação tendo em vista a multifatoriedade da doença cárie. Recomenda-se ampliação do conhecimento sobre das ações proporcionadas pela proposta do ART para a melhoria da saúde bucal em grande parcela da população. classificação de alto risco (E), para risco moderado (B), apenas pela utilização da técnica, com 81,78% de sucesso aos 6 meses de avaliação. Por fim, o ART mostrou-se efetivo em restaurações envolvendo uma ou mais faces após 18 meses, levando em conta a importância da avaliação das restaurações a partir dos 12 meses. Neste estudo os fatores sociodemográficos não estiveram estatisticamente associados à sobrevida das restaurações, mas devem ser considerados em estudos futuros como componentes desta avaliação tendo em vista a multifatoriedade da doença cárie. Recomenda-se ampliação do conhecimento sobre das ações proporcionadas pela proposta do ART para a melhoria da saúde bucal em grande parcela da população Abstract: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) has been considered a means for resolution in the treatment of caries. It is performed without the use of rotary instruments and without anesthesia, in which the deeper layers of tissue are disorganized dentin left under the restorative material, the glass ionomer cement. This study aimed to: (1) assess the proportion of carious lesions with an indication for ART, (2) evaluate the ART as a measure to control caries in order to evaluate the longevity of restorations in the first 6 months after treatment taking into account the importance of this treatment in health promotion and public health as a whole and (3) evaluate the restorations made after 18 months of atraumatic restorative treatment considering the previous experience of caries and socio-demographic factors. Thus, the sample comprised students of both genders, aged between 5 and 10 years, from ten public schools in Piracicaba, SP. The treated children were prescribed by an epidemiological survey of caries carried out previously. The restorations were made and evaluated (6, 12 and 18 months) according to protocols described in the literature. This study showed that 37.60% of all children presented with untreated decay that 39.9% of these had at least one tooth with an indication for ART. In addition, approximately 50% of students treated passed from the high risk (E) to the moderate risk (B) just by using the technique, presenting 81.78% of success in 6 months of evaluation. Finally, the ART was effective in restorations involving one or more surfaces after 18 months, taking into account the importance of evaluation of the restorations after 12 months. In this study the sociodemographic factors were not associated with survival of the restorations, but should be considered in future studies as components of this assessment in view of the multifactorial nature of caries. It is recommended to increase the knowledge about the actions of the proposal of ART to improve the oral health of large segments of the population Doutorado Saude Coletiva Doutor em Odontologia

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Rajih, Salam. "NON-TRADITIONAL EXPOSURES AND CHILDHOOD DENTAL CARIES AMONG CHILDREN 1-5 YEARS OLD." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/465418.

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Clinical Research and Translational Medicine M.S. Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is one of the most common chronic illnesses among young children, affecting around 23% of children 2-5 years old, leading to pain, discomfort, and poor quality of life. It is a multi-factorial disease that develops through the combined effects of bacteria, tooth morphology, fermentable carbohydrates, time, and various social factors. Several studies have investigated the associations between dental caries and non-traditional factors acquired during the first years of life including; mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). However, the literature on these associations has been inconsistent. Objective: To investigate the unadjusted and adjusted associations between the presence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Severe-ECC (S-ECC), and three non-traditional factors: breastfeeding, mode of delivery, and ETS, among children 1-5 years old. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, and a sample of 112 caregiver/ child dyads was recruited from the ongoing flow of patients at Temple University Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry (TUKSoD). After consent, subjects completed a questionnaire and received a standard intra-oral examination and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) Caries-risk Assessment Tool (CAT) by a student doctor. The study was approved by the Temple University Institutional Review Board (Protocol # 23885). Chi-square tests, two-sample t-tests and bivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the unadjusted associations. Two multivariable logistic models were developed for ECC and S-ECC and included demographics, overall CRA, and the three non-traditional risk factors. Results: The prevalence of ECC and S-ECC were 61% and 30%, respectively. The following variables were significant in the unadjusted analysis for both ECC and S-ECC: child’s age, maternal educational attainment, overall AAPD CAT classification, sugary snacks per day, presence of plaque on child’s teeth and ETS. Exposure to ETS was associated with an increased adjusted odds ratio for ECC (aOR=5.39 [95% CI: 1.14-25.33], P=0.033), but not for S-ECC. Furthermore, C-section birth was associated with a decreased adjusted odds ratio for both ECC and S-ECC, respectively (ECC: aOR=0.132 [95% CI: 0.02-0.72], P=0.02; S-ECC: aOR=0.141 [95% CI: 0.026-0.748], P=0.021). With inclusion of the AAPD CAT, demographics, and the three non-traditional factors, the overall model accuracy at predicting ECC was 82.2%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: In this study of urban, predominantly African American, and low income children, ECC was found associated with two non-traditional factors, ETS and mode of delivery, suggesting that including them in CRA may improve prediction of future dental caries, and aid in the prevention and treatment of disease. Results from this study support the notion that ECC is a multi-factorial disease, and highlights the importance of adopting oral health education among caregivers. Temple University--Theses

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Orsini, Cesar A. "The self-determination theory of motivation in dental education : testing a model of social factors, psychological mediators, academic motivation and outcomes." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8022/.

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Background: Motivation plays a vital role in dental students' learning experience and wellbeing. Self-determination theory differentiates between autonomous and controlled motivation and amotivation, where autonomous motivation corresponds to the most selfdetermined form of regulation. Previous research has found that several social educational factors, mediated by students' satisfaction of their basic psychological needs of feeling autonomous, competent and related to important others, predicts autonomous motivation. In turn, autonomous motivation leads to more positive educational outcomes compared to controlled motivation or amotivation. So far, however, few studies have investigated the process of motivation in health professions education from the perspective of the Selfdetermination Theory. A systematic review was conducted within this thesis, identifying determinants, such as an autonomy supportive learning climate and feedback, that predicted students' autonomous motivation. No studies were found that tested mediation effects between determinants and motivation. In turn, students' self-determined motivation was found to predict different affective, behavioural and cognitive outcomes. These studies, however, came mainly from medical education. Despite its relevance for students' development, very little is known about the process of motivation in dental students. This indicates a need to understand its various aspects, which may lead to evidence-based interventions to foster students optimal functioning. Purpose: To test a model of academic motivation in dental education by analysing the associations between autonomy-support and quantity and quality of feedback, as determinants, and self-determined motivation, mediated by students' basic psychological needs satisfaction. This, followed by testing the associations between self-determined motivation and the behavioural outcomes of deep and surface study strategies and academic performance, and the affective outcomes of vitality and self-esteem. Finally, we aimed to test whether the model worked different for female and male students, and by year of curriculum. Methods: We conducted a correlational cross-sectional survey study at the dental school of the University San Sebastian in Chile. All dental students from year 1 to 6 were invited to participate and to answer a questionnaire package containing demographic data and previously validated self-reported instruments. Data on academic performance were obtained from the administrative department. Data analysis involved five phases. First, internal consistency of all measures was assessed by means of Cronbach alpha. Second, descriptive and group comparisons were computed by means of independent t-test to assess gender differences and MANOVA to assess year-of-curriculum differences. Third, bivariate correlations were assessed amongst all measures. Fourth, mediation was tested through a series of regression analyses. Finally, the entire model was assessed by means of structured equation modelling, for the overall student sample as well as for the subgroups of females and males and different years of study. Data were analysed with the PASW and AMOS software. Results: A total of 924 students (90.2% response rate) agreed to participate and completed the questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha values of all instruments ranged from .641 to .912. Students' autonomous motivation for attending university was higher than controlled motivation and amotivation, showing an overall self-determined profile. Females endorsed higher than men both autonomous and controlled motivation, while men endorsed amotivation higher. The overall motivation profile, however, did not show significant gender differences. Across the six years, students showed an overall self-determined profile, in which autonomous motivation decreased when transitioning to clinical years, to rise again in the final year. The contrary was found for students' amotivation scores, while controlled motivation declined as they entered clinical-based years. Bivariate correlations showed that both determinants were positively correlated with students' basic psychological needs satisfaction and with autonomous motivation. In turn, the latter was positively associated with behavioural and affective outcomes. All these associations showed a decreasingly positive correlation from autonomous motivation to amotivation. Mediation regression analyses showed both determinants predicting dental students' autonomous motivation, however, this influence was not direct, it was mediated by students' perceptions of the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs. Finally, structured equation modelling indicated that the data fitted the model well, and showed both determinants positively predicting students' satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, which positively influenced autonomous motivation over controlled motivation. In turn, the gradual shift from controlled to autonomous motivation positively predicted affective and behavioural outcomes. Moreover, the associations followed a similar pattern, with minor deviations, when tested by gender and by year of study. Discussion and conclusion: In the context of this research, dental students' autonomous motivation was indirectly predicted by the social educational factors of teachers' autonomysupport and quantity and quality of feedback, being mediated by students' satisfaction of their basic psychological needs. Students' acting out of autonomous motivation showed enhanced deep study strategies and better academic performance, experienced higher vitality and self-esteem, and showed lower surface study strategies. This suggests that autonomous motivation leads to important outcomes, decreasing from controlled motivation to amotivation. Whilst students in different years of study showed an autonomous motivation profile, there were important differences that showed that students' transition from basic/preclinical to clinical years influenced their motivation and should therefore be taken into account when planning interventions to enhance students' motivation. Results are discussed in light of self-determination theory and considering its implications on curriculum development, teaching and learning, clinical training, assessment, faculty development, peer-assisted-learning and dentist-patient relationship. Significance: This is the first study, in health professions education, to test a Selfdetermination theory-based model including determinants, mediators, motivation and outcomes. This research also expands to dental education the study of motivation based on an empirically verified psychological theory. The results provide strong support for the Selfdetermination theory of motivation in dental education and provide acceptable evidence that the quality of motivation and satisfying students' psychological needs are important in determining positive educational outcomes amongst dental students. Therefore, many successes and failures in a number of elements of dental and health professions education may be understood through the lens of this theory. As such, efforts should be made in various aspects of dental education to support learners' sense of autonomy, competence and relatedness, which may have an extensive influence on dental education and on students' wellbeing. Future research should confirm or refute our results in other dental education settings.

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Walstead, Brenda Kaye. "Faculty Perceptions Regarding Best Practices in Clinical Dental Hygiene Assessment." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/424.

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This qualitative case study explored faculty perceptions regarding best practices and uses of assessment in a dental hygiene program at a small northwestern college. It was discovered that faculty in the program were assessing students in their clinical courses using widely varied methods, designs, and scoring tools. Faculty neither calibrated processes nor communicated about this problem. In addition, a review of the assessments in this local setting indicated a significant gap in the current guidelines for best practices in clinical assessment procedures. Knowles' adult learning theory served as the foundation for this study. Research questions were designed to obtain clinical faculty's perceptions of their knowledge of best practices in assessment, assessment design, methods including scoring tools, and how faculty could work collaboratively to implement clearly and consistently designed best-practice assessments in their clinical courses. Interviews and reviews of assessment documents were conducted with a purposeful sample of 8 faculty participants. Data were coded and analyzed for common themes. Results indicated that instructors did not collaborate and had little knowledge of assessment criteria based on best practices, administration, and scoring procedures. At the request of the dean, a position paper was created as a project. The paper outlined strategies for designing clinical skills assessments with criteria that is consistent, clear, and based on best practices. Also included were procedures for ongoing faculty professional development and collaboration, insuring that faculty are calibrated and that assessments are valid and reliable. The results of this study can promote positive social change as faculty in this program will be increasingly confident in assessment practices, and graduates will consistently provide greater quality patient and community care.

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Roked, Zairah. "Tackling alcohol misuse within the dental healthcare setting : how does dentistry deal with such a public health issue and how can we improve on this response?" Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/93908/.

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Introduction: Dental professionals have opportunities to advise patients on harms associated with alcohol misuse. However, it is not known how this might be undertaken or whether advice in dental settings is effective. Methods: This thesis complies with the first three stages of the Medical Research Council’s framework for the design of interventions to improve health. The first theoretical stage comprises a systematic literature search. The second Phase I/modelling stage comprises qualitative research, using thematic analysis, to determine barriers to brief alcohol interventions (BAIs) in dental settings. The third stage consists of a Phase II exploratory randomised controlled trial. 106 out of 2300 patients were recruited over eight weeks from a South Wales dental practice and screened for alcohol misuse. 47 patients scored positive for misuse; 26 were randomised to an intervention group, 21 to control conditions. Findings: The literature identified a paucity of research on BAI effectiveness in primary dental care settings. It identified motivational interviewing (MI) as an effective intervention in secondary dental care and the Modified-Single Alcohol Screening Question (M-SASQ) as a reliable screening tool. Qualitative research identified evidence of dissonance between the views of dental professionals and patients. Dental professionals felt alcohol misuse prevention was not relevant to their role, whereas patients felt it should be part of dental care. In the exploratory trial, there was some evidence that there is potential for patients to be screened and treated for alcohol misuse in a primary dental care setting. However, recruitment and retention rates were poor. As a result, there was not enough definite evidence to conclude whether it was truly feasible to screen and treat patients for alcohol misuse in a general dental practice setting. Conclusions Further work is needed before a Phase III definitive trial can be designed. In particular, methods in improving recruitment and retention rates need to be explored.

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Wolfe, Josefine Ortiz. "Measuring Determinants of Oral Health Behaviors in Parents of Low-Income Preschool Children." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3647.

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Dental decay is a preventable disease, but it remains the most unmet healthcare need of American children. Untreated dental decay has adverse and long-lasting effects on a child's quality of life. Healthy oral habits among preschool children are essential for a healthy permanent dentition and are achieved primarily by 3 oral health related behaviors: proper dental hygiene, a healthy noncariogenic diet, and regular dental visits. This quantitative study, based on the theory of planned behavior, explored the relationship between these 3 oral health behaviors and 4 determinants: attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention, using a 71-item questionnaire. The study utilized convenience sampling. A total of 436 parents or caregivers of children enrolled in the North East Independent School District Early Childhood Education program participated in this study; 81.5% were low-income, and 66% reported Hispanic identity. The relationship between variables was evaluated using multiple regression analysis. This study indicated that attitude alone toward a healthy diet and dental hygiene was not a significant predictor of behavior, but the attitude toward dental attendance was significant. Subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and intentions individually and combined were significant predictors of all 3 behaviors, except for subjective norm towards hygiene. Meaningful social change can be achieved by identifying and understanding the underlying motives that evoke planned and deliberate oral health behaviors among parents of preschool children. Targeted messages and cost-effective early interventions can be developed to prevent the onset of dental disease and improve the quality of life for low-income children.

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Omale, Johnson John. "Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Secondary School Students in Nigeria." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3665814.

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Secondary school students in Nigeria face challenges regarding their oral health. Few researchers have investigated oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in Nigerian populations. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of oral health knowledge, behaviors, and practices among secondary school students in Enugu State, Nigeria, in relation to their oral health status. The theoretical framework of this study was based on the health belief model. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 12 secondary schools in Enugu State, using a close-ended questionnaire as well as oral examination (dental caries and periodontal diseases) of the students who attended junior secondary (JSS) I, II, and III classes. A total stratified sample of 671 students was included in the study. Bivariate nonparametric tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. According to the results of the study, the levels of dental caries and periodontal diseases were relatively low. However, only one fourth of the students had received professional fluoridation, and almost 50% of the participants had never visited a dentist. Students from a missionary school had lower levels of periodontal diseases than those from public schools, with an odds ratio of 0.612 (95% CI [0.402, 0.934]). Students from JSS III class tended to have a lower level of periodontal diseases than those of JSS I class (OR: 0.567, 95% CI [0.363, 0.886]). The social change implications of this study can be the development and incorporation of oral health promotion programs into the school curriculum. These programs may increase the adoption of preventive oral health strategies by students, such as regular dental attendance, to maintain their good oral health for a life time.

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Gaskin, Elizabeth Bowles. "Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of federal service and civilian dentists concerning minimal intervention dentistry." Diss., University of Iowa, 2006. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/57.

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Southard, Babette L. Mrs. "Screening the Safety Net." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1186.

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Safety net clinics across the country struggle with a lack of resources to tackle the needs presented. Screening programs set up for children and elderly have proven to be effective in triaging need, prioritizing care, and maximizing resources. These programs do not currently exist for working uninsured adults. Research was initiated to answer the question: Does the screening process improve patient care for the community clinic? During a 6-week pilot study a licensed dental hygienist performed 30 screenings in the community clinic setting. Findings were recorded and coded according to patient’s level of need identified. Pre- and posttest data for patient care factors were attained. Statistical tests showed a significant effect on patient care factors. While the evidence existed to support the implementation of screening, more research would quantify the specific impact on this population.

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Byrum, Mary Kristine. "America Addicted: The Relationship Between Dental School Education and the Opiate Prescribing Practices of Dentists in Ohio." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1524605016944778.

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Pilotto, Luciane Maria. "Os planos privados de saúde no Brasil e sua influência no uso de serviços de saúde : análise dos dados da PNAD 1998, 2003, 2008 e da PNS 2013." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148219.

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O Brasil possui um sistema de saúde com cobertura universal (Sistema Único de Saúde- SUS) defendendo a saúde como um direito de todos os cidadãos e dever do estado. Apesar deste sistema público universal, o sistema de saúde brasileiro é composto por um mix público-privado que favorece cobertura duplicada aos serviços de saúde para a parcela da população com posse de plano privado de saúde. Um quarto dos brasileiros possui plano privado de saúde e, portanto, tem acesso duplicado aos serviços de saúde. A posse de plano privado de saúde e o uso dos serviços médicos e odontológicos precisam ser analisados neste contexto. Os objetivos desta tese são analisar as tendências no uso dos serviços de saúde médicos e odontológicos e verificar sua relação com a posse de planos privados de saúde. Os resultados desta tese estão organizados em dois manuscritos. O primeiro manuscrito “The relationship between private health plans and use of dental and medical health services among Brazilians: a cross-sectional study, 2008” teve por objetivo descrever o uso de serviços de saúde médico e odontológico de acordo com o tipo de serviço utilizado (público, privado ou por plano privado de saúde) e analisar o efeito do cadastro na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Neste estudo foram analisados 391.868 indivíduos provenientes do banco da Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra Domiciliar (PNAD) de 2008. Como esperado, indivíduos sem plano privado de saúde utilizaram mais o serviço público, enquanto aqueles com plano utilizaram mais os serviços do seu plano. Ainda, os indivíduos com plano privado de saúde tendem a utilizar mais os serviços de saúde. Por outro lado, estar cadastrado em ESF aumenta o uso do serviço público e reduz o uso do privado e do plano entre os indivíduos sem plano e aumenta a chance de usar qualquer serviço entre aqueles que têm plano. Assim, políticas para a expansão da ESF devem ser incentivadas e a posse de plano privado precisa ser monitorada e regulada para evitar gastos desnecessários em saúde e o aumento das iniqüidades no acesso, principalmente em países com sistema universal de saúde. O segundo manuscrito “Tendências no uso de serviços de saúde médicos e odontológicos e a relação com nível educacional e posse de plano privado de saúde no Brasil, 1998 a 2013” teve como objetivo analisar as tendências no uso de serviços de saúde médico e odontológicos por adultos no Brasil entre 1998 e 2013 em relação à posse de planos privados de saúde e nível educacional. Foram analisados 760.678 indivíduos oriundos dos bancos de dados nacionais da PNAD de 1998, 2003, 2008 e da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013. Adultos (18 a 59 anos) com posse de plano privado de saúde apresentaram chance maior de usar os serviços de saúde comparados àqueles sem plano em todos os anos analisados. No entanto, houve tendência de diminuição do uso dos serviços médicos entre indivíduos com posse de plano privado de 1998 para 2013. Em relação ao uso dos serviços odontológicos, o declínio foi observado de 2003 para 2013. O percentual de adultos com plano privado para assistência médica diminuiu de 24,9% para 22,2%, enquanto a tendência de posse de plano exclusivamente odontológico aumentou de 1,0% para 6,3% de 1998 para 2013. Tendência de aumento no uso de serviços de saúde, médico e odontológico, entre adultos sem plano privado de saúde também foi verificada. Acompanhar as tendências na posse de planos privados e no uso dos serviços, bem como avaliar o estado de saúde e o tipo de serviço utilizado (público, pagamento direto do bolso ou através do plano) são necessários para auxiliar o estado na regulação dos planos e evitar o aumento das iniquidades no acesso e uso dos serviços entre os cidadãos. Brazil has a health care system with universal coverage (Unified Health System, or SUS) advocating health as a right to all citizens and a duty of the state. Despite this universal public system, the Brazilian health system is composed of a public-private mix that favors doubled coverage for part of the population with private health plan. About a quarter of Brazilians has private health insurance and therefore has duplicate access to health services. The private health plan possession and the use of medical and dental services need to be analyzed in this context. The objectives of this thesis are to analyze trends in possession of private health plans and verify their relation to the use of medical and dental health services. The results this thesis is organized in two manuscripts. The first manuscript "The relationship between private health plans and use of dental and medical health services among Brazilians: a cross-sectional study, 2008" aimed to describe the use of medical and dental health services according to the type of service used (public, private or private health plan) and assess the effect of being registered in the Family Health Strategy (ESF). This study analyzed 391,868 individuals from the 2008 National Household Survey (PNAD). As expected, individuals without private health plan used more public health services, while those with private health plan tend to use more their plan. Overall, those with private health plan tend to use more the health services. On the other hand, being registered in ESF increased the use of public service and reduced the use of private service among individuals without private health plan, and increased the chance to use any service among those with plan. Thus, policies for expanding ESF should be encouraged and private health plans need to be monitored and regulated to avoid unnecessary expenses on health and increasing inequities in access, especially in countries with universal health systems. The second manuscript " Trends in use of dental and medical services and its association with education and having private health plan in Brazil, 1998 to 2013" aimed to analyze trends in use of medical and dental health services among Brazilian adults between 1998 and 2013 in relation to private health plans and educational level. The sample included 760,678 individuals from the PNAD in the years 1998, 2003, 2008 and the National Health Survey in 2013. Adults (18-59 year-old) with private health plan were more likely to use health services compared to those without a plan in every years analyzed. However, there was a trend of decrease in the use of medical services among adults with private health plan from 1998 to 2013. In relation to the use of dental services, a decrease was observed from 2003 to 2013. The percentage of individuals with medical plans has decreased from 24.9% to 22.2%, while the trend in exclusively dental private plan has increased from 1.0% to 6.3% from 1998 to 2013. Trend the increase to use health services between adults without private health plan was found in medical and dental service. Monitoring trends in the private health plan possession, and health services use, and to assess the health conditions and the type of service used (public, private out-of-pocket or through the plan) are important for the state regulation and to avoid increasing inequities in access and use of health services among citizens.

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Mapengo, Marta Artemisa Abel. "Condições de saúde bucal em adolescentes de Maputo, Moçambique." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25141/tde-18082010-094309/.

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A cárie dentária é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública dentro das patologias bucais ao nível mundial. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência de cárie e de fluorose dentária em adolescentes das regiões urbana e suburbana do município de Maputo e identificar a sua associação com placa bacteriana, estado nutricional, frequência do consumo de açúcar e concentração de flúor na água de abastecimento. A amostragem das escolas foi feita por conglomerados, composta por cinco escolas públicas urbanas e cinco suburbanas, tendo com unidades amostrais 601 adolescentes com 12 anos de idade, selecionados aleatoriamente. Os exames foram realizados por um examinador calibrado, sob condições padronizadas, usando índice CPOD, índice de fluorose, PHP e IMC. Foi aplicado um questionário para registrar o consumo de açúcar e foi realizada a análise da água de abastecimento. A análise bivariada foi utilizada para verificar diferenças de CPOD, fluorose, placa bacteriana, estado nutricional, frequência do consumo do açúcar e concentração de flúor na água de abastecimento público entre as regiões urbanas e suburbanas. A Correlação de Pearson foi aplicada para verificar associação entre CPOD e PHP. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. O CPOD encontrado foi 0,99 (± 1,65). As crianças em escolas urbanas apresentaram menor prevalência de cárie dentária (CPOD = 0,84 ± 1,49) em relação às crianças em escolas suburbanas (CPOD = 1,14 ± 1.80) (p = 0,03). Apenas 8,15% apresentaram graus de fluorose entre muito leve a moderada. A maioria das crianças apresentaram higiene bucal deficiente. Os casos de desnutrição foram mais encontrados nas escolas suburbanas (n = 109; 36,22%) do que nas escolas urbanas (n = 66; 22,00%), (p <0,00). A frequência de consumo do açúcar foi maior entre os escolares urbanos em comparação com suburbanos (p <0,00). O nível de flúor na água de consumo nas escolas urbanas foi de 0,4 ppm F, superior ao nível de flúor nas escolas suburbanas, que foi de 0,2 ppm F. Os resultados demosntraram que a cárie dentária não deve ser considerada um grande problema de saúde pública em Maputo. As áreas urbanas e suburbanas apresentaram distribuição desigual na prevalência de cárie, estado nutricional e nível de flúor na água de abastecimento, evidenciando a necessidade de intervenção no grupo de maior de risco. Dental caries is the one of the largest public health problem in oral health worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in children from urban and suburban area of the Maputos city and identify its association with dental plaque, nutritional status, frequency of consumption of sugar and the concentration of fluoride in the water supply. Sampling of schools was made by conglomerates, composed by five urban public schools and five suburban, with 601 adolescents 12 years of age, selected randomly. Clinical examinations were performed under standardized conditions by a calibrated examiner using DMFT index, index of fluorosis, PHP, BMI. It was applied a questionnaire about consumption of sugar and was made analysis of water supply. Bivariate analysis was used to verify differences in DMFT, fluorosis, dental plaque, nutritional status, frequency of consumption of sugar and concentration of fluoride in the public water supply between the urban and suburban areas. The Pearson\'s correlation was applied to verify correlation between DMFT and PHP. The level of significance was set at 5%. The mean DMFT was 0.99 (± 1.65). Children in urban schools had lower prevalence of dental caries (DMFT = 0.84 ± 1.49) in comparison with children in suburban schools with high prevalence (DMFT = 1.14 ± 1.80) (p = 0.03). Only 8.15% had very mild to moderate fluorosis score. Most of children presented poor oral hygiene. Cases of malnutrition were found in most suburban schools (n = 109; 36.22%) than in urban schools (n = 66; 22.00%) (p=0.03). The frequency of sugar consumption was higher among urban children compared to suburban schools (p <0.00). The level of fluoride in water consumption in urban schools was 0.4 ppm F, above the level of fluoride in suburban schools, which was 0.2 ppm F. The results showed that dental caries should not be considered a public health problem in Maputo. The urban and suburban areas presented inequity distribution in the prevalence of dental caries, nutritional status and level of fluoride in water supply, highlighting the need for intervention in the highest risk.

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Machado, Geovanna de Castro Morais. "Urgência odontológica na primeira infância: perfil do atendimento das Unidades de Saúde de Urgência da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Goiânia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3713.

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Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-12-01T17:01:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Geovanna de Castro Morais Machado - 2013.pdf: 1533306 bytes, checksum: e16ca58206af7c3cd308d7a6b59f61f9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-12-01T17:02:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Geovanna de Castro Morais Machado - 2013.pdf: 1533306 bytes, checksum: e16ca58206af7c3cd308d7a6b59f61f9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-01T17:02:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Geovanna de Castro Morais Machado - 2013.pdf: 1533306 bytes, checksum: e16ca58206af7c3cd308d7a6b59f61f9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how the community centers from the the city of Goiania handled dental emergency care in children under 6 years during 2011. Methods: This quantitative study evaluated the dental charts of children under 6 years old of age focusing on emergent dental care and assessed dental emergency risk classification, child’s age and gender, chief complaint, involved teeth, clinical procedures performed, medications prescribed and referral. Data were recorded on forms for later descriptive analysis. Results: 1,108 children under 6 years old (4.0%) were treated, 556 male (50.2%), with a mean age of 3.7 years old (±1.4). The most reported chief complaints were toothache (47.9%, n=531) and dental trauma (20.0%, n=221). The most frequently performed clinical procedures were extraction (13.0%) and endodontic treatment (13.0%). No clinical procedures were performed in 58.5% of the cases (n=649). Conclusion: Emergency dental care for children under 6 years occurs mainly as a result of dental decay. It is necessary that emergency dental public services have a more effective management of these situations. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o perfil do atendimento das urgências odontológicas em crianças menores de 6 anos nas Unidades de Saúde de Urgência da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Goiânia-Goiás. Material e Métodos: Neste estudo descritivo, foram analisadas as fichas de crianças menores de 6 anos atendidas nestes serviços de urgência, entre os meses de janeiro e dezembro de 2011. Foram observados: classificação de risco, idade e sexo da criança, queixa principal, procedimentos executados, dentes acometidos, prescrição de medicamentos e encaminhamentos. Resultados: Foram atendidas 1108 crianças menores de 6 anos (4.0% do total de atendimentos nos serviços de urgência), sendo que 556 eram meninos (50,2%). A idade média das crianças foi de 3,7 anos (DP ±1,4). As queixas mais descritas foram dor de dente (47,9%, n=531) e trauma dentário (20,0%, n=221). Os procedimentos clínicos mais executados foram a exodontia (13,0%) e intervenção pulpar (13,0%). Em 58,5% (n=649) dos casos de urgência não houve realização de procedimento clínico local. Conclusão: A urgência odontológica em crianças menores de 6 anos ocorre, principalmente, como consequência da cárie dentária. Os serviços públicos voltados à urgência/emergência em saúde necessitam de um manejo mais efetivo dessas situações.

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Shim, Hun DMD. "Systemic Conditions and Developmental Defects of Enamel in a Cohort of VLBW and NBW Infants." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1465487090.

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Subar, Paul Elliott. "Access to oral health care for vulnerable populations in California." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2393.

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The need for health in general and oral health in particular is a basic and fundamental element for a quality life. Not everyone in America has access to basic oral health services. California, in particular, has greater challenges than other areas of the country in providing basic oral health services to everyone. This paper will discuss the problems of accessing oral health care, the importance of achieving oral health care, the necessity of maintaining oral health, the factors influencing oral health care access, and the response of the dental profession to the problems of access to oral health care. These problems will be examined from the following three perspectives: (1) Statewide Perspective, (2) Locality Perspective, (3) Individual Perspective. Potential solutions for vulnerable populations in accessing oral health care will be developed using data from quantitative and qualitative methodologies.

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Haynes, Angela. "Assessing Nurse Practitioners' Knowledge and Clinical Practice with Regard to the Oral-Systemic Link." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3848.

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Nurse Practitioners (NPs) comprise a significant portion of the U.S. primary care workforce and play an essential role in patients' health awareness, prevention strategies, disease management, and in providing appropriate provider referrals. Nurse Practitioners receive education on the oral-systemic connection, yet there have been limited studies on the clinical practice of NPs assessing the oral cavity to evaluate the condition of the teeth and the oral tissues. The purpose of this study was to explore the nurse practitioners’ knowledge and practice habits of assessing the oral cavity for diseases or abnormalities in the mouth that can, in turn, affect overall health. A total of 66 NPs were included in the study, primarily female (91%) with master’s degrees (77%). While knowledge and education were not significantly associated, this research found significant associations between confidence and assessments, less than one-third (30.3%) were confident in their knowledge and ability to evaluate oral abnormalities.

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Kavaliauskienė, Aistė. "Odontologijos paslaugų vaikams kokybė tėvų požiūriu." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050530_225219-36201.

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QUALITY EVALUATION OF DENTAL SERVICE FOR CHILDREN FROM THE PARENTS' POINT OF VIEW Aistė Kavaliauskienė Supervisor Antanas Šidlauskas, Assoc. Prof., D.D.S., PhD., Department of Social Medicine, faculty of Public Health, Kaunas University of Medicine. – Kaunas, 2005. �� P.74 Aim of the study – to evaluate the quality of dental services for children from the parents’ point of view. Methods. The anonymous questionnaire survey was performed among 280 parents of children visiting their pediatric dentists or orthodontists in four Kaunas public health care institutions. The research methodology used the questionnaire based upon SERVQUAL instrument. Two sets of questions, one relating to the respondents’ expectations, the other relating to the respondents’ perceptions of a particular aspect of service quality, comprised the questionnaire. The perceived gaps between expectations and perceptions were analysed regarding five service quality dimensions (tangibles, responsiveness, reliability, assurance, empathy). Likert-type scales were used for the evaluation of the examined characteristics. The statistical package SPSS version 11.0 for Windows was used to conduct data analysis. Results. There was a statistically significant difference between the parents’ expectations (mean score 4,31±0,36) compared with their perceptions (mean score 3,86±0,46) of the dental service provided. The largest quality gap was observed in characteristic regarding reliability while the smallest gap concerned... [to full text]

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Lima, Daniela Coelho de [UNESP]. "Comparação entre os métodos químico-mecânicos, Carisolv® e Papacárie®, com método mecânico manual na remoção de dentina cariada." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95399.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_dc_me_araca.pdf: 774525 bytes, checksum: 538ef364e5dbda059945006d226d6a66 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Na Odontologia atualmente têm-se enfatizado a prática de técnicas menos invasivas para a remoção de tecido cariado, que preservem ao máximo as estruturas dentárias. O interesse clínico e laboratorial por essas técnicas tem aumentado em função da realização de estudos que comprovaram a eficácia da remoção manual de dentina infectada, bem como as vantagens da técnica conservadora e indolor. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar e comparar os tratamentos mecânico manual (ART convencional) e químico-mecânicos (CarisolvTM e Papa-cárie®) na remoção de dentina cariada, por meio da contagem de Streptococcus mutans e Lactobacillus e avaliação clínica de sintomatologia dolorosa durante o procedimento restaurador. Para a realização do presente estudo foram selecionadas 32 crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 6 e 10 anos, que apresentavam no mínimo dois molares decíduos, com exposição de dentina cariada. As crianças foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos homogêneos, totalizando 64 dentes. O grupo I foi submetido à remoção mecânica em um elemento dental e em outro dente a químico-mecânica com o uso de Carisolv e o grupo II, a remoção mecânica e a químico-mecânica com o uso do Papacárie®. Durante a realização dos tratamentos foram feitas coletas de dentina, antes e após a remoção de tecido cariado e aplicação de um questionário para a avaliação clínica. Posteriormente, foram realizadas diluições seriadas e cultivo das amostras em meios específicos, Mitis salivarius bacitracina sacarose para a contagem de Streptococcus mutans e Rogosa, para contagem de Lactobacillus ssp. Após o período de incubação, a 37º C e 72 horas, foi realizada a contagem de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias (UFC) e obtidos os valores médios do número de bactérias. In Dentistry, nowadays, it has been emphasizing the practice of techniques less invasive for the removal of decayed tissue that preserve the maximum the dental structure. The clinical laboratorial interest for those techniques have been increasing due to studies that proved the effectiveness of the manual removal of infected dentine, as well as the advantages of the conservative and painless technique. The objective of this study was to analyze and to compare the manual mechanic (conventional ART) and chemical-mechanic (Carisolv and Papa-carie®) treatments in the removal of decayed dentine, through the score of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus and clinical evaluation of pain symptoms during the restorative procedure. For the performance of the present study 32 children were selected, of both genders, with age between 6 and 10 years that presented at least two deciduous molars, with exhibition of decayed dentine. The children were divided at random in two groups, summing 64 teeth. The group I was submitted to the mechanical and chemical-mechanical removal with the use of Carisolv and the group II, mechanical and chemical-mechanic removal with Papacárie®. During the performance of the treatments, dentine sample were collected, before and after the removal of decayed tissue and application of a questionnaire for the clinical evaluation. Later, it was carried out seriate dilutions and cultivation of the samples in Mitis- salivarius bacitracin sucrose for the score of Streptococcus mutans and Rogosa, for score of Lactobacillus ssp. After the incubation period, at 37° C and 72 hours, it was carried out the score of the ColonY Forming Units (CFU) and obtained the mean values of the bacteria number.

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