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1
Ahern, Stacey. "Applying ergonomics to dental scalers." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6848.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering<br>Malgorzata J. Rys<br>The current state of the dental industry shows an increasing number of dentists and dental hygienists who are reducing hours and retiring early due to the injuries sustained while working. These injuries, or cumulative trauma disorders, can be reduced by applying ergonomics in dental tool design. The goal of ergonomics is to reduce current injuries but also prevent future ones. In addition, population demographics have shown an increasing trend in female dentists. With a
shift from the male dominated field, design for different anthropometric measurements needs to be investigated. In order to pinpoint sources of pain, a survey was designed and distributed to dentists in
Kansas, Missouri, and Texas. Even with a small sample size (n=24), results confirmed past studies in the dental industry of pain originating in the neck, shoulder, lower back, and wrist/hand region. The reasons stemmed from the repetitive motions and forces applied during dental procedures. Responses also found that ergonomic principles need to be applied to the handle and grip portion of dental scaler design. Dental scaling is the procedure to remove
deposits on teeth, such as plaque and calculus, most commonly performed by dental hygienists. First, the history of dental tools, angulation, tool weight, and materials currently utilized were researched before looking into specific design factors for modification. Currently, the handle grip area on all dental tools range in size, but a 10 mm grip has been proven to be optimal. The optimal tool weight has yet to be determined as 15 grams is the lowest weight to be tested. Most tools are made of stainless steel and resins, which are not compressible. An experiment was designed to test a new dental scaler (A) made of a titanium rod with added compressibility in the precision grip area. The aim was to help reduce pressure on the fingers and hand muscles and increase comfort during scaling. The experiment utilized a Hu-Friedy sickle scaler (B) and a Practicon Montana Jack scaler (C) as controls to show two design
spectrums, weight and material. The subjects (n=23) were taught the basics of scaling and
required to scale using a typodont. The change in grip strength (Δ GS), pinch strength (Δ PS), and steadiness of the subjects hand were tested. An absolute and relative rating technique was utilized pinpointing that the new dental scaler was preferred with the eigenvector (A=0.8615,
B=0.1279, C=0.0106). Statistical analysis confirmed this tool preference while also finding the interaction of gender and tool and Δ GS Tool A versus Tool B for males to be significant.
2
Bester, E. J. "Multidrug sedation for dental procedures in children younger than eight." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1512_1181913752.
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<p>In this case study research project I have determined that multidrug sedation in children younger than eight years are possible.<br />
Conscious sedation [or sedation where verbal contact with the patient is possible] can be used successfully to decrease anxiety and fear for unpleasant experiences, like dental procedures.</p>
<p><br />
Behaviour therapy in conjunction with one or more drugs can be used to depress the central nervous system in order to decrease the patient&rsquo<br>s awareness of unpleasant stimuli. This enables treatment to be carried out without patient interference. Extensive literature surveys were done to determine the ideal drugs as well as the ideal route for conscious sedation in dental treatment for children. In this study project drugs like midazolam, propofol, alfentanyl and ketamine were titrated intravenously to achieve conscious sedation.</p>
3
Eriksson, Anna, and Jenny Andersson. "Patienters upplevelser och attityder till tandhygienistbehandling, samt ett reliabilitetstest av mätinstrumenten Corah Dental Anxiety Scale och Dental Hygienist Beliefs Survey." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Health Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-4611.
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<p>The aim of the study was to examine experiences and attitudes to dental hygienist treatment in a group of patients by using the assessment tools Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and Dental Hygienist Beliefs Survey (DHBS) at the dental hygienist clinic, the university of Kristianstad. Another aim of the study was to test the reliability of the assessment tools. Methods: Fifteen respondents answered the two questionnaires at two different occasions before dental hygienist treatment. The results showed that nine respondents reported that they are absolutely calm when their dental hygienist is going to remove tartar, while six are a little bit worried or tensed. The categories ethics, communication, trust and control in DHBS had a positive agreement (mean value 1.1 and 1.2). The reliability showed a percent agreement between 100% and 80% and the Kappa coefficients were between 1.0 and 0.29. Eight categories had “very good agreement”, four “good agreement”, three “moderate agreement” and one “fair agreement”. Conclusion: The respondents’ experiences are affected by the dental hygienists. The respondents experienced dental hygienists and their treatment generally positive. More control over the dental care situation was however desired. Due to the low number of respondents it is not possible to judge the reliability. </p>
4
Avey, Karen D. "Development of a standardized abrasive scale an analysis of commercial prophylaxis pastes /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3698.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 74 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57).
5
Dhillon, Manpreet K. "Use of Emoji in Pain Level Assessment in Pediatric Dental Patients." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5784.
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USE OF EMOJI IN PAIN LEVEL ASSESSMENT IN PEDIATRIC DENTAL PATIENTS
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a pain scale with Emoji images in comparison to the commonly used Wong-Baker FACES® pain scale. Methods: Healthy, English-speaking patients aged 4-17 presenting to the VCU Pediatric Dental clinic and the operating room and presenting to the MCV Pediatric Emergency Room were asked to rate their pain using the Wong-Baker FACES® and Emoji scales. These patients were then asked to select which pain scale they preferred. Results: A total of 151 children were enrolled in the study. The proposed Emoji scale was preferred by 86% of enrolled children (n=151). Children rated their pain the same on the two scales 78% of the time indicating a weak overall agreement between the two scales as defined by Cohen’s Kappa (k=0.5863, 95% CI: 0.47-0.70). In the instances of disagreement, 82% were within one image on the pain scale. There was a roughly even split between which scale corresponded to the higher pain level (56% Wong-Baker was higher and 44% Emoji was rated higher). Conclusions: A majority of the patients surveyed presented with no pain. The Emoji scale showed moderate agreement with the Wong-Baker FACES scale. A majority of the patients preferred the Emoji scale demonstrating the strong communicative utility of Emoji.
6
Bechtle, Sabine [Verfasser]. "On the mechanical properties of dental enamel - A multi-scale approach - / Sabine Bechtle." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014848709/34.
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Ali, K. "Development of a scale to measure preparedness of dental graduates for foundation training." Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.700474.
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Ang, Siang Fung [Verfasser], and Gerold [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider. "Characterizing dental enamels mechanical properties from milli- to nanometer length scales / Siang Fung Ang. Betreuer: Gerold Schneider." Hamburg-Harburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1048542904/34.
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Ang, Siang Fung [Verfasser], and Gerold A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider. "Characterizing dental enamels mechanical properties from milli- to nanometer length scales / Siang Fung Ang. Betreuer: Gerold Schneider." Hamburg-Harburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:830-tubdok-11693.
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Al-Namankany, A. "The development of a cognitive dental anxiety scale for children and adolescents and investigation of the impact of video modelling on the behaviour of anxious children receiving dental treatment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1343624/.
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Objectives: To validate Abeer Cognitive Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) for children and adolescents in English and Arabic and to investigate the use of video modelling in Paediatric Dentistry Methods: A total of 439 children (≥6 years) were used in the study. The main study utlilised 165 children, 84 from a London dental hospital, 81 from a primary school in Central London. For each child, 2 operators each assessed ACDAS at visit 1, and the chief investigator (AA) also assessed Child Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) at visit 1 and ACDAS two weeks later. A sample of 274 children (≥6 years) was assessed for external validity (generalisability); 184 children from Dubai and 90 children from a school in East London. For video modelling, a sample of 112 children attending for dental treatment were randomly allocated to either the control (prevention video) or the test (modelling video). Their level of anxiety was recorded before and after the video on ACDAS and their ability to cope with the subsequent procedure was assessed on a Visual Analogue Scale. Results: The ACDAS scale had substantial to almost perfect intra- and inter- examiner reliability along with concurrent validity 0.77 and discriminative validity 0.79. For convergent validity, ACDAS had a significant relationship between the Dental Anxiety (DA) scores and the cognitive status (P<0.001), Cronbach’s Alpha (α) was 0.90 which indicated a good internal consistency. Results of external validity were compared favourably with the results that were obtained from the main study. The video modelling was effective to reduce anxiety in the test group of the inhalation sedation and behaviour management RCTs (P<0.025). Conclusions: ACDAS is a valid cognitive scale to measure DA and it encompasses the required criteria for the Gold Standard DA scale for children and adolescents. The video modelling is an effective method to reduce dental anxiety in children.
11
Meza, Cisternas Camilo Alexander. "Análisis comparativo de las encuestas de calidad de vida relacionada con salud oral: Scale of oral outcomes for five year old children (SOHO-5) versión en español y The early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS) versión en español, en niños prescolares de la Zona Norte de la Región Metropolitana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146632.
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Trabajo de Investigación Requisito para optar al Título de Cirujano Dentista<br>Introducción: La Calidad de Vida relacionada con Salud Oral (CVRSO) se refiere
al impacto que las condiciones orales tienen en las actividades diarias de los
individuos. Para recopilar esta información en niños, existen instrumentos
específicos que pueden ser contestados por ellos mismos o por sus apoderados.
ECOHIS y SOHO-5 son instrumentos para evaluar CVRSO. La diferencia
que existe entre ambos es que SOHO-5 no solo aborda la visión de padres o
tutores, sino que también el relato directo del niño. El objetivo de esta
investigación es establecer si existe una correlación entre los resultados de
SOHO-5 y ECOHIS en padres y sus niños de 5 años que asisten a colegios
municipales del área norte de la región metropolitana.
Materiales y Métodos: Este es un estudio observacional de corte transversal, que
evaluó a 52 niños utilizando la encuesta ECOHIS y SOHO-5, todos pertenecientes
a 5 colegios del área norte de Santiago. Las encuestas fueron realizadas por
distintos grupos de alumnos de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile. Los
apoderados firmaron un consentimiento informado y respondieron el cuestionario
ECOHIS y SOHO-5, tipo entrevista. La CVRSO fue determinada según puntaje
ECOHIS y SOHO-5. La correlación se cuantificó utilizando el coeficiente de
Spearman.
Resultados: De acuerdo a los resultados provistos por ECOHIS, el 90,5% de los
padres no perciben un impacto en la CVRSO. El ítem de mayor prevalencia es
“dolor” seguido de “la dificultad para comer”.
En cuanto a los resultados de SOHO-5, un 93% de los encuestados
muestra un bajo impacto de los problemas orales en la CVRSO. El ítem de mayor
prevalencia reportado es “la dificultad para comer” seguido de “la dificultad para
hablar”.
Cuando se comparó ECOHIS con SOHO-5 total y SOHO-5 versión para
padres se encontró una correlación moderada, directa y estadísticamente
significativa. Mientras que, cuando se comparó SOHO-5 sección niños con
ECOHIS y SOHO-5 versión para padres se observó una correlación débil, directa
y no significativa para la primera.
Conclusiones: SOHO-5 y ECOHIS se correlacionan directamente el uno con el
otro. La distribución de respuestas de padres o tutores y el puntaje de calidad de
vida obtenido comparativamente es similar para los dos instrumentos aplicados.
Sin embargo, el reporte de niños difiere de las respuestas de sus padres o tutores,
no existiendo una correlación evidente al comparar los resultados de SOHO-5
hijos con ECOHIS y con SOHO-5 padres.<br>Adscrito a Proyecto FONIS SA15 /20015
12
Santos, Darklilson Pereira. "Controle da ansiedade odontológica: estudo comparativo entre a sedação oral com midazolam e a sedação consciente com a mistura de óxido nitroso e oxigênio em pacientes submetidos à extração de terceiros molares inferiores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58136/tde-10082012-152302/.
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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar comparativamente o efeito do midazolam 7,5 mg administrado por via oral e da sedação consciente empregando óxido nitroso associado ao oxigênio a 50% em pacientes submetidos à extração de terceiros molares inferiores na alteração do nível de ansiedade do paciente por meio da dosagem de cortisol salivar, no nível de saturação de oxigênio, na frequência cardíaca e na pressão arterial, na produção de amnésia anterógrada, além de avaliar as Escalas de Ansiedade Dental de Corah (DAS), Escala Visual Análoga para Ansiedade (VAS), Escala Verbal de Ansiedade e Inventário de Spielberger (STAI) na detecção de ansiedade dental. Realizou-se estudo split-mouth, no qual vinte e oito pacientes do gênero masculino foram submetidos à extração de terceiros molares inferiores sob anestesia local e sedação com midazolam e óxido nitroso associado ao oxigênio. Foram obtidos dados objetivos (dosagem de cortisol salivar, saturação de oxigênio, frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial) e subjetivos (Escala de Ansiedade Odontológica de Corah, Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado, Escala Visual Análoga de Ansiedade e Escala Verbal de Ansiedade). Os resultados evidenciaram que os dois métodos de sedação empregados produziram efeitos benéficos e foram seguros na redução da ansiedade pré-operatória sem apresentar efeitos cardiovasculares ou respiratórios siginificantes, e que o midazolam 7,5 mg administrado por via oral foi mais eficaz na redução do cortisol salivar. Considerando as escalas de avaliação de ansiedade empregadas, constatou-se que a Escala de Ansiedade Dental de Corah mostrou ser a mais indicada para se avaliar ansiedade dental.<br>The study objective was to comparatively assess the effect of midazolam 7.5mg P.O. and conscious sedation with Nitrous oxide associated with oxygen at 50% in patients undergoing lower third molar extractions on the change in the anxiety level of patients by means of salivary cortisol dosage, on oxygen saturation level, on heart rate, on blood pressure, and on production of anterograde amnesia, as well as to assess the Corah\'s Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), Anxiety Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Anxiety Verbal Scale and Spilberger State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for the detection of dental anxiety. It was carried out a split-mouth study, in which twenty-eight male patients underwent lower third molar extraction under local anesthesia and sedation with midazolam and nitrous oxide associated with oxygen. Objective (salivary cortisol dosage, oxygen saturation, heart rate and blood pressure) and subjective (Corah\'s Dental Anxiety Scale, Spilberger State-trait Anxiety Inventory, Anxiety Visual Analogue Scale, and Verbal Anxiety Scale) data have been obtained. The results showed that both sedation methods used produced beneficial effects and were safe in reducing pre-operatory anxiety, showing no significant cardiovascular or respiratory effects, and midazolam 7.5 mg P.O. was more effective in reducing the salivary cortisol. Regarding the anxiety scales employed, it was found that the Corah\'s Dental Anxiety Scale was more indicated to assess dental anxiety.
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Venter, J. C. "The safety and efficacy of the propofol/ Alfentanil/ Ketamine-bolus technique in midazolam pre-medicated patients undergoing office based plastic or reconstructive surgery." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8596_1255685962.
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<p>The purpose of this research project was to assess the safety and efficacy of a combination of drugs for conscious sedation in patients undergoing office-based plastic and reconstructive surgery. A pilot study was done to determine the safety of the co-administration of the drugs used in the sedation technique.</p>
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Elgazali, Abdelkarem Abdullah Saad. "Evaluation of occupational and environmental exposure to mercury among dental amalgam and chlor-alkali workers in Pakistan and among small-scale gold miners in Cambodia, Burkina Faso, Chile and Sudan." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=210228.
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Mercury is a well-known toxic element which can be taken up into the human body in different forms, causing particular harm to the nervous system. Despite this fact, it is still used widely in industrial processes, with chlor-alkali electrolysis one of the most extensive pollution sources of mercury. Though most industries today use mercury-free processes, some chlor-alkali factories still use the mercury process, especially in less developed countries. In addition, small-scale gold mining activity remains the largest global mercury consumer and continues to increase the use of mercury given the upward trend in the price of gold. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of mercury exposure to workers in chlor-alkali factories and a dental hospital in Pakistan. In addition, it is to investigate the level of mercury exposure to miners in small-scale gold mining areas (AGM) in Cambodia, Burkina Faso and Chile. Both investigations were undertaken within the United Nations Environment Programme (management of mercury waste). Within this study, the investigation of mercury exposure to miners was conducted in four small-scale gold mining areas in Sudan. A simple analytical digestion and extraction method for total mercury (T-Hg) analysis in biological and environmental samples with fast sample preparation procedure using CV-AFS and ICP-MS was developed. In addition, for SSIDMS-GC-ICP-MS analysis, the alkaline microwave assisted extract method and acid leaching assisted extract method for Me-Hg analysis in biological samples (hair samples) were developed. These developed analytical methods were used to evaluate the levels of occupational and environmental exposure in the selected areas with Hg hot spots. For Pakistan, to establish chlor-alkali workers' Hg exposure, hair and nail samples of 23 individuals were investigated for total mercury. Within this cohort, 15 individuals had hair total mercury levels above 100 μg g-1, thus exceeding the WHO regarded "safe limit" of 2 μg g-1 in hair Hg by a factor of 50. Several samples showed hair T-Hg levels above 1000 μg g-1, suggesting extreme exposure to Hg. These levels must be regarded as extremely toxic, assuming that these Hg levels in hair correspond to Hg ingestion. In the process of chlor-alkali electrolysis, volatile mercury compounds are formed, including Hg0 and other volatile mercury compounds. These volatile species can adsorb on surfaces, and it is suggested that besides uptake by inhalation, Hg compounds may be adsorbed on keratinous hair and nail material. The investigation of single hairs with synchrotron techniques showed that most of the mercury is found on the outside of the hair, but certain amounts were also metabolised. Adsorption experiments with Hg0 and HgCl2 were conducted to assess the sorption characteristics of these volatile Hg compounds. The results showed that both mercury species' vapour pressures are related to the adsorption of volatile mercury compounds. HgCl2 has a higher vapour pressure and is about two orders of magnitude higher in adsorption than Hg0, suggesting that the chlor- alkali workers have been exposed to HgCl2 in the chlor-alkali plant. Finally, mercury speciation was performed on the ICL chlor-alkali hair samples which showed that almost all mercury was in inorganic form. The source of Me-Hg in the hair seems to be dietary, as no correlation between inorganic and Me-Hg in the hair could be found. The highest value for Me-Hg is around 5.0 μg g-1, which is in the range of concentration found in communities with a high fish diet. Finally, the high mercury result suggests that the mercury (Hg) in the hair samples from workers in the ICL chlor-alkali is from external adsorption rather than from inhalation and was subsequently incorporated into the hair. Nevertheless, in the second chlor-alkali factory in Pakistan (SCL chlor-alkali factory), the average total mercury concentrations in hair and nails are low and almost at control level. However, in this factory, mercury cell technique was phased out a few years ago. This factory now uses membrane cell instead of mercury cell technology. For the dental hospital sector in Pakistan, inorganic mercury concentrations were 6 times higher than Me-Hg concentration in hair samples i.e. Me-Hg and In-Hg in hair accounted for, on average 14.13 % and 85.87 % of T-Hg respectively for these dental workers. However, the high mercury levels in hair could be due to exposure to amalgam. For AGM areas, the T- Hg concentration (μg g-1) in hair samples from AGM miners in Burkina Faso (mean, 3.80 μg g-1) were compared with Cambodian AGM miners and Sudan AGM miners (mean 5.78 and 5.04 μg g-1 respectively). This mean value was significantly lower than that found in the hair of miners in the Cambodia and Sudan AGM areas. This indicates that the AGM miners in these countries are exposed to mercury vapour during the AGM processes. Otherwise, the AGM workers in Cambodia are also exposed to considerable amounts of methylmercury (Me-Hg) through seafood consumption that is a more toxic Hg form. However, the long-term implications for water bodies such as River Nile and Red Sea ecosystems, fish as food and irrigation water use (e.g. for rice paddies) may be disastrous. Therefore, further investigation of Hg analysis in hair and soils should be conducted in these areas to analyse the risk of Hg contamination.
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Silva, Pavez Rodrigo Gabriel. "Relación entre scale of oral health outcomes for five year old children (SOHO-5) versión en español y locus de control parental en prevención de caries dental, en niños pre-escolares de la zona norte de la Región Metropolitana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/147740.
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Trabajo de Investigación Requisito para optar al Título de Cirujano Dentista<br>Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral (CVRSO) es un
concepto que engloba aspectos funcionales, sociales y emocionales relacionados
con el sistema estomatognático, tomando una perspectiva más global e integral, y
no solo tomando en cuenta aspectos como el dolor o la alteración funcional. Se
entiende como el impacto que tiene la salud oral en las actividades diarias de los
individuos. El concepto de Locus de Control hace referencia a la creencia de un
sujeto, en relación a la responsabilidad que tiene sobre su propio actuar y al grado
con que el individuo cree controlar los acontecimientos que ocurren en su vida,
este puede ser interno o externo según su medición.
SOHO-5 es una herramienta para medir CVRSO. Que a diferencia de otras
herramientas de medición, esta se caracteriza por recopilar el reporte no solo de
los padres, sino que también el de los niños. La herramienta de Locus de Control
Parental en Prevención de Caries Dental, por otro lado, se encarga de medir las
creencias y responsabilidades de los padres respecto al control que tienen sobre
la salud de sus hijos. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer si existe una
correlación entre los resultados del instrumento SOHO-5 y Locus de Control
Parental en Prevención de Caries Dental en padres (o tutores) y niños de 5 años
que asisten a colegios municipales de la zona norte de la Región Metropolitana.
Materiales y Métodos: Este estudio observacional de corte transversal, evalúa a
186 niños en etapa pre-escolar y sus padres o tutores. Todos pertenecientes a 7
colegios de la zona norte de la Región Metropolitana. Las encuestas fueron
realizadas por distintos alumnos de la Facultad de Odontología de Universidad de
Chile. Los apoderados firmaron un consentimiento informado y posteriormente
respondieron la encuesta SOHO-5 y Locus de Control Parental en Prevención de
Caries Dental, a modo de entrevista. Tanto la CVRSO y locus de control se
midieron a través de puntajes. La correlación se realizó a través del método de
Spearman.
Resultados: Los resultados arrojados en la encuesta SOHO-5, el dominio con
mayor puntaje es la “dificultad para comer”, tanto en padres como en niños. Y a lo
menos un 84% de los padres no percibe un deterioro de la calidad de vida de sus
hijos en relación a sus piezas dentarias.
De acuerdo a los resultados de la encuesta de Locus de Control Parental en
Prevención de Caries Dental, se obtuvo un puntaje promedio de 49,39, esto se
entiende como una tendencia a un locus de control interno.
Conclusiones: SOHO-5 y Locus de Control Parental en Prevención de Caries
Dental se correlacionan de forma inversa y débil.<br>Adscrito a Proyecto "Validación de la versión en español del instrumento SOHO-5 para evaluar calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en niños preescolares"
16
Javdan, Nazafarin. "Silver Diamine Fluoride and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4698.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study the association between Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life as assessed by “The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale” questionnaire. Methods: Parents of healthy children (ASA I and II) ages 1-5 with early childhood caries with reversible pulpitis who had application of SDF filled out a questionnaire at baseline and again after one month. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate the child’s behavior, physical abilities, pain, temperament, and how well the child gets along with others. Results: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to determine if responses to various ECOHIS items and the total scores were different between the two time points. Conclusion: Children with dental caries who had application of SDF reported less dental pain, less eating problems, higher quality of sleep and overall higher quality of life at one-month follow up compared with the baseline.
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SANTOS, Nádia Carolina de Meneses. "EFEITO DA ESTÉTICA DENTÁRIA NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA E SATISFAÇÃO COM O CORPO EM ADOLESCENTES." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1373.
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Previous issue date: 2007-04-30<br>As patient-centered approaches become more popular, increasing attention is given to the effects of various health situations in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL) and body satisfaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between several aspects related to dental esthetics and body satisfaction, self-evaluation concerning to esthetics, and oral-health related quality of life (OHRQL). This work had a cross-sectional design and its sample comprised subjects aged 13-20 years-old (n = 301; mean age = 16.12; SD = 1.75). The sample was of convenience type, comprising high-school students of a public school from Goiânia. Conditions related to dental esthetics were assessed through a clinical exam following the criteria established by World Health Organization. Self-perception variables were evaluated through the instruments Body Satisfaction Scale (BSS), short-form of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), as well as esthetic self-evaluation and will of change. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to evaluate the association of variables. There was a low prevalence of dental alterations in the sample assessed. In general, there was a low impact of dental characteristics on OHRQL measures, what may influence on the decision-making process regarding to dental treatment needs.<br>À medida que as abordagens centradas no paciente se tornam mais difundidas, mais atenção tem sido dada aos efeitos de varias situações de saúde sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) e outros aspectos relacionados à auto-percepção dos indivíduos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre características relacionadas à estética dentária e a satisfação com o corpo, a auto-avaliação estética e a QVRSB. O estudo teve desenho transversal, incluindo 301 adolescentes de 13 a 20 anos de idade (média= 16,12; DP = 1,75). A amostra do estudo foi de conveniência, compreendendo alunos do ensino médio de uma escola pública de Goiânia. Foram verificadas as condições relacionadas à estética dentária através de exame clínico segundo critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde. As variáveis relacionadas à auto-percepção foram avaliadas através dos instrumentos Escala de Satisfação Corporal (ESC), versão reduzida do Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) e o Questionário de Impacto Psicossocial da Estética Dentária (QIPED), além da auto-avaliação estética e desejo de mudança. Para a análise da associação entre as variáveis foi utilizado o teste de Qui-quadrado e regressão logística múltipla. Houve baixa prevalência de alterações dentárias na amostra pesquisada. De modo geral, houve baixa influência das características dentárias sobre medidas para a avaliação da QVRSB, o que pode influenciar na tomada de decisões clínicas relacionadas ao tratamento odontológico.
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Wang, Wenlong. "Caractérisation géométrique et mécanique multi-échelle de la dentine humaine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC083/document.
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La dentine est l’un des principaux éléments constitutifs de la dent humaine. Elle montre une structure hiérarchique. A l’échelle microscopique, la dentine est composée de tubules (porosité naturelle du tissu), de dentine péritubulaire et de dentine intertubulaire.L’organisation de ces structures détermine fortement ses propriétés mécaniques. La connaissance de sa structure, de ses propriétés mécaniques et de ses déformations dues aux variations de l’environnement extérieur peuvent être utiles afin d’améliorer les protocoles de restauration de la dentine. Dans ce travail, quatre techniques d’observation (µCT, microscope optique, ESEM et microscope confocal) ont été explorées et comparées. En particulier, la microscopie confocale a été utilisée afin de visualiser en 3D le réseau poreux dentinaire. Comparée à l’observation 2D, elle permet d’obtenir des informations supplémentaires. Par example, les tubules montrent des structures en arbre plus complexes près de l’email que la forme en Y déduite des observations 2D. Ces résultats peuvent également nous fournir des données d’entréespour une modélisation réaliste prenant en compte la structure poreuse complexe à l’intérieur de la dentine humaine.Par la suite, un test de compression associé à la correlation d’images numérique a été mis en place avec un système qui permet de commander simultanément l’humidité et la température de l’environnement. Grâce à ce dispositif, le module d’élasticité de la dentine humaine a été mesuré (16.7GPa avec un écart-type de 5.1GPa), et le coefficient de Poisson a été estimé à 0.31. Le comportement de dilatation de la dentine humaine avec l’humidité relative a été étudié. La spectroscopie par résonance ultrasonore (RUS) a été utilisée et ses résultats comparés au test de compression mécanique. À échelle microscopique, les propriétés mécaniquesde la dentine péritubulaire et de la dentine intertubulaire ont été caractérisées par nanoindentation. Les deux méthodes utilisées (méthode dynamique CSM et méthode de déchargement statique) indiquent les mêmes tendances en matière de module d’Young pour les deux composantes de la dentine. La dentine péritubulaire a un module d’élasticité plus élevé (26.7GPa avec un écart type de 3.1GPa) que la dentine intertubulaire (16.2GPa avec un écart type de 5.5GPa). De plus, le comportement en fluage de la dentine a été étudié par nanoindentation. Il se trouve qu’un modèle de Maxwell-Voigt à quatre éléments peut être utilisé pour évaluer le comportement en fluage de la dentine.Pour résumer, une étude morphologique et mécanique du tissu dentinaire a été effectuée. De nouvelles techniques, par example, la microscopie confocale ont été utilisées et ont montré leur utilité dans le but de donner un nouvel éclairage sur le tissu dentinaire. Les protocoles d’essais mécaniques qui ont été mis en place à différentes échelles permettront de mieux comprendre la relation structure-propriété en utilisant les outils d’observation validés dans ce travail<br>Human dentin is one of the main components of human tooth. It shows a hierarchicalstructure from a multi-scale point of view. Generally speaking, dentin can be seen as a hard biomaterial consisting in 3 phases: the porous phase made of tubules, the inclusion phase made of peritubular dentin and the matrix phase made of intertubular dentin. These hierarchical structures strongly determine its mechanical properties. The knowledge of its structure, its mechanical property and its deformation behavior due to the variation of the external environment may be useful to improve the dentin restoration process. In this work, four observation techniques (µCT, optical microscope, ESEM and confocal microscope) have been used and compared. Particularly, confocal microscopy is proposed to allow 3D visualization of the complex dentin porous network. Compared with usual 2D observation tool, it may provide new information. For example, near the DEJ, tubules show a more complex treestructure than the Y-shaped deduced from 2D observations. These findings may also allow to achieve more realistic modeling considering the complex porous structure inside human dentin.Later on, compression test associated with DIC was carried out within an integrated system which can control simultaneously the humidity and the temperature of the environment. Using this system, the elastic modulus of human dentin was measured to be 16.7GPa with a standard deviation of 5.1GPa. And the Poisson’s ratio was found to be 0.31. The dilatation behavior of human dentin due to relative humidity was also explored. Furthermore, resonant ultrasound spectroscopy was performed in order to compare the results with these mechanical testing. At the micro-scale, the mechanical properties of peritubular dentin and intertubular dentin werecharacterized by nanoindentation. The two methods used in this work (dynamic CSM method and the static unload method) present the same trends of elastic moduli for the two components. Peritubular dentin has a higher elastic modulus (26.7GPa with a standard deviation of 3.1GPa) than intertubular dentin(16.2GPa with a standard deviation of 5.5GPa). Besides, the creep behavior of dentin was assessed by nanoindentation. Four elements Maxwell-Voigt model can be used to model dentin’s creep behavior.To sum up, a morphological and mechanical study of the dentinal tissue has been performed. New techniques, such as confocal microscopy have been used and showed their usefulness in order to give new insight into the dentinal tissue. The mechanical testing protocols that have been set up at different scales will enable to better understand the structure-property relationship by using them associated with the observation tools validated in this work
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Hamilton, Erin Kinzel. "Multiscale and meta-analytic approaches to inference in clinical healthcare data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47600.
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The field of medicine is regularly faced with the challenge of utilizing information that is complicated or difficult to characterize. Physicians often must use their best judgment in reaching decisions or recommendations for treatment in the clinical setting. The goal of this thesis is to use innovative statistical tools in tackling three specific challenges of this nature from current healthcare applications.
The first aim focuses on developing a novel approach to meta-analysis when combining binary data from multiple studies of paired design, particularly in cases of high heterogeneity between studies. The challenge is in properly accounting for heterogeneity when dealing with a low or moderate number of studies, and with a rarely occurring outcome. The proposed approach uses a Rasch model for translating data from multiple paired studies into a unified structure that allows for properly handling variability associated with both pair effects and study effects. Analysis is then performed using a Bayesian hierarchical structure, which accounts for heterogeneity in a direct way within the variances of the separate generating distributions for each model parameter. This approach is applied to the debated topic within the dental community of the comparative effectiveness of materials used for pit-and-fissure sealants.
The second and third aims of this research both have applications in early detection of breast cancer. The interpretation of a mammogram is often difficult since signs of early disease are often minuscule, and the appearance of even normal tissue can be highly variable and complex. Physicians often have to consider many important pieces of the whole picture when trying to assess next steps. The final two aims focus on improving the interpretation of findings in mammograms to aid in early cancer detection.
When dealing with high frequency and irregular data, as is seen in most medical images, the behaviors of these complex structures are often difficult or impossible to quantify by standard modeling techniques. But a commonly occurring phenomenon in high-frequency data is that of regular scaling. The second aim in this thesis is to develop and evaluate a wavelet-based scaling estimator that reduces the information in a mammogram down to an informative and low-dimensional quantification of the innate scaling behavior, optimized for use in classifying the tissue as cancerous or non-cancerous. The specific demands for this estimator are that it be robust with respect to distributional assumptions on the data, and with respect to outlier levels in the frequency domain representation of the data.
The final aim in this research focuses on enhancing the visualization of microcalcifications that are too small to capture well on screening mammograms. Using scale-mixing discrete wavelet transform methods, the existing detail information contained in a very small and course image will be used to impute scaled details at finer levels. These "informed" finer details will then be used to produce an image of much higher resolution than the original, improving the visualization of the object. The goal is to also produce a confidence area for the true location of the shape's borders, allowing for more accurate feature assessment. Through the more accurate assessment of these very small shapes, physicians may be more confident in deciding next steps.
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Schwarcz, Jack. "The effectiveness of ultrasonic instrumentation versus hand instrumentation a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... periodontics ... /." 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=23M9AAAAMAAJ.
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Redwan, Alaa Kamil H. "Transforming inter-professional dental care: assessment of non-dental healthcare workers' knowledge and attitudes towards children's oral health." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41344.
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INTRODUCTION: Children’s Oral Health (OH) is a vital part of their general health. Since many OH problems begin during early childhood, prevention of these problems can be achieved through early and routine preventive dental care. The dental community alone cannot adequately address all oral health care needs. The establishment of an interprofessional oral health primary care workforce team can help provide holistic health care services that can improve children’s OH, particularly among under-served populations.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess the effect of Interprofessional Education (IPE) on the level of OH knowledge among pediatricians, nurses, speech-language pathologists, nutritionists, and social workers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Questionnaires assessing participants’ oral-health knowledge were collected from pediatricians, nurses, speech-language pathologists, nutritionists and social workers who are working or studying in Boston, Massachusetts. Pre-test questionnaires were used to evaluate baseline oral-health knowledge and attitude towards IPE. Post-test survey immediately after the IPE training and a follow-up survey after 6-12 months were used to evaluate immediate and long-term retention of knowledge. Pre-, post- and follow-up scores were assigned based on the participants’ responses. Univariate parametric analysis methods such as T-test and non-parametric tests such as Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to assess retention of knowledge and attitude towards IPE. Fisher’s Exact test was used to evaluate differences in the number of high scores. Multiple linear regression models were used to adjust for potential confounders. Statistical significance was reported when p-value <0.05.
RESULTS: Among the 557 participants, the immediate post-test scores showed significant improvement when compared to the baseline knowledge scores across different professions (p<0.01). The long-term follow-up scores was lower than the immediate post-test scores (statistical significance was not detected across all professions), however, still significantly higher when compared to the pre-test scores (p<0.01). Among all the participants, the attitude towards collaboration was high (100%).
CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the need for collaboration between dental and non-dental healthcare workforce by incorporating IPE into existing curriculum to enhance the retention of knowledge and increase collaboration after graduation. Continuing education programs can significantly contribute towards long-term retention of knowledge.<br>2022-07-29T00:00:00Z
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Chu, Mio-Ieng, and 朱妙盈. "An observational behavioral coding system and rating scale of children''s dental anxiety." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84199644275583812235.
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碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>牙醫學研究所<br>102<br>Aims: To establish an objective observational coding system and rating scale for better evaluation of dental fear in children. To investigate the relationship between the total score of our observational rating scale and other factors.
Methods: This clinical observational study of 60 subjects used convenient sampling method to recruit children of 2-12 years old from Nov 2012 to Oct 2013. CFSS and VAS were completed by children with the help of caregiver. Parental consent was obtained. Each dental procedure was recorded and transcribed into observational record. A rating scale was then established.
Results: There were 36 boys and 24 girls (mean age 5.36±0.85). The most treated problem was caries (53.3%). In WBFPRS questionnaire, 60% experienced no pain, 16.9% had moderate pain and 10.2% had severe pain. Mean behavioral rating score was 15.23, and mean CFSS-DS score was 27.8. According to our rating scale, 22 of the children had dental fear and 38 of them did not, while Frankl Rating Scale showed 20 children with dental fear and 40 of them did not. Correlation analysis show no significant relationship between observational total score and WBFPRS, but there is high significant relationship between observational total score and CFSS total score, age, number of behavior treatment type and Frankl score.
Conclusion: We developed a behavior coding system and rating scale for interactive behaviors between child, caregiver and dentist. Compared to other rating scale, such as the Frankl, it has shown some strengths and limitations.
The rating scale is objective and suitable for dentist to be used as behavior assessment tool. Further modification is need and inter- and intra-coder reliability need to be tested in the future.
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Lee, Chen-Yi, and 李貞儀. "Dental Fear/Anxiety in Children: Chinese version of CFSS-DS Screening Scale, Prevalence and Related Factors." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48797457532987488717.
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博士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>牙醫學研究所<br>96<br>Objectives:
Many people experience discomfort to a greater or lesser degree about the prospect of dental treatment. Dental treatment can be a terrible experience, especially for children with dental anxiety. Dental fear has been singled out as one of the most troublesome problems facing paediatric dentistry today. Children with dental fear may avoid visiting dentists; therefore, their oral health protection is often compromised. However, the etiology of dental fear is still not entirely understood.
The purposes of this study were:
(1)To modify the Chinese version Children’s Fear Survey Schedule- Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS)
(2)To estimate the prevalence of dental anxiety among 5- to 8-year-old children in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
(3)To explore the higher-order factor structure of the parental Chinese version of the CFSS-DS with a large sample of young children in Taiwan.
(4)To investigate the dental visiting habit, the previous dental experiences, the conditioning pathway and the clinically-related predictors of dental fear in children.
Methods:
Study1
The Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) was translated into Chinese, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was made based on criteria determined from pretest clinical observations of a sample population to set a cutoff score. Then, the parental CFSS-DS was used as a screening tool to survey the dental anxiety levels of 5- to 8-year-old children at kindergartens and elementary schools in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Participants were selected by stratified random sampling. The stratification was done by geographic district, age group, and sex. Total of 3,597 valid questionnaires were collected.
Study2
A first-order factor analysis was performed using the principal components method with promax rotation, and a second-order factor was obtained by applying the Schmid-Leiman solution (SLS).
Study3
The dental history of 247 children (2-10 years old) was obtained when they came to a dental clinic for treatment. The level of dental fear in these children was assessed using the Dental Subscale of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS). Observers rated the clinically anxious responses and uncooperative behavior toward dental treatment in these children. Three stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of CFSS-DS score, clinically anxious responses, and uncooperative behavior of children respectively.
Results:
Study1
The Chinese version of the CFSS-DS had an optimal cutoff score of 38/39 (sensitivity was 0.857, specificity was 0.882) with an area under the ROC curve of 0.912. The estimated prevalence of dental anxiety among 5- to 8-year-old children in Kaohsiung City was 20.6 percent. The dental anxiety score was found to decrease as age increased; primary school boys had significantly lower scores.
Study2
The present study found three first-order factors, defined as: (1) fear of dental aspects, (2) fear of medical aspects, and (3) fear of potential victimization. The second-order factor defined as “dental fear” accounted for most of the variance in the second-order factor structure. The results of higher-order factor analysis according to different gender or age levels were identical.
Study3
We found that the CFSS-DS score and clinical anxiety have different predictors, but age ≤3.99 years old and cooperativeness in the first dental visit were important predictors for both the CFSS-DS score and the clinical anxiety. Furthermore, the other predictors of the CFSS-DS score were maternal dental fear, unbearable pain during the first dental visit, and visiting dentists in a regular dental clinic; and the other predictors of the clinical anxiety were first-born, regular-dentist, and CFSS-DS score. Finally, the only significant predictor for uncooperative behavior was clinical anxiety.
Conclusions:
Study1
The prevalence of dental anxiety was found to be high for 5- to 8-year-old Taiwanese children. The study’s findings point to the urgent need for preventive health education and intervention programs in Taiwan to promote children’s oral health and reduce dental anxiety.
Study2
A higher-order factor structure consisting of a single second-order factor and three first-order factors was extracted, giving a fuller understanding of the CFSS-DS.
Study3
Children’s dental fear and their anxious response during dental treatment were dynamic processes that consisted of many different factors. The direct conditioning of subjective experience of pain was more important than the objective pathway of child dental fear, and the indirect conditioning does not seem influential in this study sample.
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Chen, Hsiu-Ling, and 陳琇玲. "Establishing the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS) of Taiwan Dental Services and its Appropriateness Assessment." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16174039792743817570.
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博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>醫療機構管理研究所<br>94<br>Objectives:
The objectives of this dissertation is trying to construct a dentistry RBRVS model in Taiwan based on the American Resource-Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS) method and to examine the appropriateness of our model.
Methods:
A group of 360 dentists were randomly selected from the national roster of dentists and were asked to participate in the Delphi Technique to estimate dentists’ workload relative value units (RVUs) and procedural time for representing services. We also examined the drugs and materials costs for these services from 4 sample dentistry clinics. We then asked the Technical Consulting Group (TCG) to estimate the dentists’ workload RVUs, procedural time, and drugs and materials costs RVUs for un-surveyed services. By combining the dentistry clinic cost structure investigated with the National Health Insurance (NHI) dental payment schedule and services volume, we adjusted these three kinds of RVUs into a common scale and set up the D-RBRVS for 79 dental services. The appropriateness of our model was evaluated by the following 5 methods: 1) evaluating by the TCG experts, 2) exploring the association between D-RBRVS and the dental ABC cost in a medical center, 3) examining the coverage of the 79 services of our studies to the whole dental services, 4) analyzing the correlation and explanation power of D-RBRVS to the NHI dentistry payment schedule, 5) studying the adjustment of the payment standards in our D-RBRVS base.
Results:
Three RVUs for dentist''s workload, procedural time, and drugs and materials costs for 79 services and the cost structure of the dentistry clinic were constructed. By using the model of this study, the RBRVS for 79 dental services were established according to these results. In terms of the appropriateness of this model, the views of the TCG and the ABC cost in a medical center were significantly associated with our D-RBRVS. The high coverage, relativity, and explanation power of 79 services to the NHI payment schedule also show the appropriateness of the model. Finally, the converting of the D-RBRVS into a payment schedule supports that the Taiwan dentistry RBRVS model is appropriate.
Conclusions:
1) By using of TCG, Delphi method, and extrapolation techniques to study the RBRVS of dental service, we have set up a local dentist’s workload RVUs, the procedural time, and the drugs and materials costs RVUs for 79 dental services. It is better to establish the list of drugs and materials used for each service by a TCG and to investigate the specific costs required through the cooperation of dentistry clinics. It is nearly 50% for dentist’s fee, 15% for drug and material cost, and 35% for other practice cost of the dentistry clinic cost structure in Taiwan. The research model is appropriate to study the resource consumes RVUs of the dentistry services. 2) The current NHI dental fee schedule fairly well matched with the D-RBRVS of our study. 3) The D-RBRVS can be converted into a payment scheme to provide an amendment reference of NHI payment standards.
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"Variation in Dental Microwear Textures and Dietary Variation in African Old World Monkeys (Cercopithecidae)." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.29886.
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abstract: Dietary diversity is an important component of species’s ecology that often relates to species’s abundance and geographic distribution. Additionally, dietary diversity is involved in many hypotheses regarding the geographic distribution and evolutionary fate of fossil primates. However, in taxa such as primates with relatively generalized morphology and diets, a method for approximating dietary diversity in fossil species is lacking.
One method that has shown promise in approximating dietary diversity is dental microwear analyses. Dental microwear variance has been used to infer dietary variation in fossil species, but a strong link between variation in microwear and variation in diet is lacking. This dissertation presents data testing the hypotheses that species with greater variation in dental microwear textures have greater annual, seasonal, or monthly dietary diversity.
Dental microwear texture scans were collected from Phase II facets of first and second molars from 309 museum specimens of eight species of extant African Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae; n = 9 to 74) with differing dietary diversity. Dietary diversity was calculated based on food category consumption frequency at study sites of wild populations. Variation in the individual microwear variables complexity (Asfc) and scale of maximum complexity (Smc) distinguished groups that were consistent with differences in annual dietary diversity, but other variables did not distinguish such groups. The overall variance in microwear variables for each species in this sample was also significantly correlated with the species’s annual dietary diversity. However, the overall variance in microwear variables was more strongly correlated with annual frequencies of fruit and foliage consumption. Although some variation due to seasonal and geographic differences among individuals was present, this variation was small in comparison to the variation among species. Finally, no association was found between short-term monthly dietary variation and variation in microwear textures.
These results suggest that greater variation in microwear textures is correlated with greater annual dietary diversity in Cercopithecidae, but that variation may be more closely related to the frequencies of fruit and foliage in the diet.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2015
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Fernandes, Inês Lopes. "Avaliação da ansiedade na consulta de Odontopediatria: estudo piloto." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81797.
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Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Dentária apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina<br>Introdução: A ansiedade dentária denota um estado de apreensão em relação ao tratamento dentário que, sendo uma problemática comum na população infantil, é por vezes transversal aos pais e Médicos dentistas. Embora seja uma entidade abstrata têm sido utilizadas várias técnicas que permitem avaliá-la, sendo a Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale e a escala de Frankl dois exemplos. A possibilidade de existir uma associação entre ansiedade e o desenvolvimento de problemas comportamentais ainda é uma dinâmica em estudo e sem resultados conclusivos. Objetivos: Avaliar o nível de ansiedade em Odontopediatria e compreender a relação entre os relatos obtidos a partir das crianças e as percepções, tanto dos seus cuidadores, quanto de estudantes de Medicina Dentária. Em paralelo pretende-se analisar uma potencial associação entre a ansiedade e o comportamento da criança durante o tratamento.Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed com as palavras-chave: “Dental anxiety”, “Frankl scale”, “Children's Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale”, seletivamente conjugadas pelo operador booleano "AND" e limitada a publicações entre 2007-2017, em inglês e com resumo disponível. Concomitantemente foram aleatoriamente selecionadas 12 crianças para a realização de um estudo piloto às quais foram aplicadas duas escalas, a Children's Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale e a escala de Frankl. Os respetivos cuidadores (n=12) responderam à primeira escala, bem como estudantes do 5º ano de Medicina Dentária (n=4). A avaliação do comportamento foi realizada pelo estudante e por uma Odontopediatra.Resultados: Foram selecionadas 37 referências, maioritariamente estudos clínicos, adicionando-se 13 por pesquisa cruzada. Do estudo piloto os resultados mais relevantes indicaram que, no geral, as crianças foram classificadas como “não ansiosas”; os pais sobrestimaram o nível de ansiedade dos filhos, mas a sua própria ansiedade não pareceu influenciar a percepção que têm acerca das crianças; os estudantes foram os que melhor percepcionaram o nível de ansiedade dos pacientes. A escala de Frankl mostrou-se uma ferramenta de fácil utilização, com resultados consistentes inter-observadores. Não se observou uma relação de causalidade entre ansiedade dentária e comportamento durante o tratamento.Conclusões: Os níveis de ansiedade relatados pelos diferentes sujeitos foram distintos, não se verificando no geral uma associação relevante entre eles. A utilização das duas escalas em associação não permitiu concluir se o nível de ansiedade determina, ou não, o desenvolvimento de problemas comportamentais. O Médico dentista poderá recorrer a estas escalas, não devendo porém basear a abordagem exclusivamente nos resultados daí advindos.<br>Introduction: Dental anxiety indicates a state of apprehension towards dental treatment, which is a common problem in children and, sometimes, it is transversal to parents and dentists. Although it is an abstract concept, several techniques have been used to assess it, with the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale and the Frankl scale being two examples. The possibility of anxiety and development of behavioral problems being associated is still a dynamic study, but the results are still inconclusive. Objectives: To evaluate the level of anxiety in Pediatric Dentistry and to understand the relationship between children self-reports and the caregivers and Dentistry student’s perceptions about this problem. In parallel, we aim to study if there is an association between anxiety and child behavior during the dental appointment.Methods: An electronic database search was performed in the PubMed / Medline database using pre-defined keywords, selectively combined through the boolean operator “AND”. The research was limited to articles published between 2007 and 2017, in English, with abstract available. Beyond that, 12 children were randomly selected for a pilot study, to which two scales were applied, the Children's Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale and the Frankl scale. Their caregivers (n=12) also completed the first scale, as well as the senior students of Dentistry (n=4). A student and a Pediatric Dentist carried out behavior rating.Results: From the electronic research, 37 references were selected, mostly clinical studies and 13 references were included from cross-search. The most relevant results from pilot study indicate that, in general, children are classified as "non-anxious". Parents overestimated their children's anxiety level, but their own anxiety did not seem to influence their perception about children. The students were those who better perceived the children’s anxiety levels. The Frankl scale proved to be an easy-to-use tool with consistent inter-observer results. Dental anxiety and behavior during treatment seemed to be two realities poorly dependent.Conclusions: The anxiety levels reported by the different subjects were different and in general there was no relevant relationship between them. The two scales in association did not allow us to conclude if the level of anxiety determines, or not, the development of behavioral problems. The Dentist may use these scales, but should not base the approach exclusively on the results accomplished.
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Kuo, Jehn-Hwa, and 郭振華. "To Determine the Key Factors for Selecting Division of Family Physicians﹐Dental﹐Cosmetic of Primary Clinic and Large Scale Hospital from Medical Director''s Viewpoint." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48371632749801172751.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>高階經理人碩士在職專班<br>103<br>In recent years, the healthcare industry is growing rapidly in Taiwan. Increases in educational level and living standards, in conjunction with changes in the National Health Insurance policy have led to a raising consciousness on consumers’ right and increasing demands for quality in healthcare services. Healthcare institutions and providers are therefore subject to a more intense competition. To ensure the sustainability of a healthcare institution, core competencies should be developed through continuous improvements for the quality of healthcare services and everlasting competitive advantage.
The objective of this study was to analyze the key factors that significantly influence patients’ choice of healthcare institutions. The results can be used as a reference in decision-making process for the management of a healthcare institution. This study also aimed to provide the public with more transparent information prior to making appropriate choice of healthcare providers.
Sampling questionnaire survey was applied for this study. A total of 210 questionnaires were distributed to management staffs across departments and throughout various levels of seniority. Of the 195 completed and returned questionnaires, 180 were valid, giving a response rate of 92.3% for gray relational analysis. The results revealed that patient healthcare choices were significantly affected by three key factors, including physician’s clinical skills, attitude, and explanation prior to treatment.
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Dias, Cristiana Moura Dias. "Pigmentação dentária promovida pela dieta : o que esperar ?" Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/26135.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: A pigmentação dentária tem vindo a ser identificada como uma das
principais causas de insatisfação ao nível da estética dentária. A pigmentação extrínseca
é o tipo mais comum e ocorre na maioria das vezes devido à deposição de pigmentos na
superfície dos dentes, através da interação química entre os compostos cromogénicos e
a superfície dentária. Não obstante, a literatura é escassa na quantificação real que a
pigmentação extrínseca confere ao esmalte dentário íntegro.
Objectivo: O presente estudo in vitro teve assim como objetivo avaliar o potencial de
pigmentação de determinadas bebidas sobre a estabilidade da cor dos elementos
dentários.
Pretendemos ainda comparar a determinação de cor pelo método tradicional recorrendo
à escala VITA clássica, com o sistema de determinação de cor através do uso do
espectofotómetro (CIE L*a*b*).
Materiais e Métodos: Foram recolhidos dentes íntegros e hígidos e distribuídos por
cada grupo da experiência. Foi determinada a cor dentária inicial de cada amostra
através da escala VITA Clássica e através do espectrofotómetro (VITA Easyshade®) e
em cada leitura retirado o valor de L*, a*, e b*(CIELab). Durante quinze dias procedeuse
à experiência in vitro na qual os grupos de dentes foram colocados em soluções
previamente selecionadas: café, vinho tinto, chá preto, Coca-Cola ®, vodka preta e leite
com chocolate. No final foi novamente determinada a cor pelos mesmos métodos.
Resultados: Relativamente às soluções testadas a coca-cola ® foi a que mais pigmentou
a superfície dentária (ΔE*=41,2738), seguida do vinho tinto (ΔE*=28,0128), da vodkapreta
(ΔE*=11,9008), do café (ΔE*=11,8624), do chá preto (ΔE*=10,3260), e por
último do leite com chocolate (ΔE*=6,4895). Houve significância estatística para
algumas das situações.
Conclusões: Todas as soluções testadas neste estudo apresentaram capacidade de
pigmentar a estrutura dentária, sendo a coca-cola a que mais contribuiu para a
pigmentação dentária. Os métodos de comparação de cor em estudo apresentaram
concordância na maioria das situações.<br>Introduction: Dental pigmentation has been identified as one of the main causes of
insatisfaction regarding dental aesthetics. The extrinsic pigmentation is the most
common type, happening mostly due to pigment deposition on the teeth’s surface, due
to chemical interaction between chromogenic composts and the dental surface.
Nevertheless, the literature is scarce in regard to the real quantification that extrinsic
pigmentation gives to the heathy dental enamel.
Objetive: The present study in vitro aims to evaluate the potential pigmentation of
certain beverages on the color stability of dental elements. We also pretended to
compare the traditional method of determining color using the classic VITA scale, with
the color determining system thought the use of spectrophotometer (CIE L*a*b*).
Materials and methods: Integrate and health teeth were retrieved and distributed by
each experimental group. The initial dental color of each sample was determined using
the Classic VITA Scale and the spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade®) and the value
of L*, a*, and b* (CIEL*a*b*) was determined in each analysis. An in vitro experience
was preceded. All of the groups of teeth were set on previously selected solutions:
coffee, red wine, black tea, Coca-Cola®, black vodka and chocolate milk during fifteen
days. In the end, the color was determined by the same methods.
Results: As to the tested solutions are concerned, Coca-Cola ® (ΔE*=41, 2738) was the
beverage who pigmented the dental surfaces the most, followed by red wine (ΔE*=28,
0128), black vodka (ΔE*=11, 9008), coffee (ΔE*=11, 8624), black tea (ΔE*=10,3260)
and finally chocolate milk (ΔE*=6,4895). There was statistical significance for some of
the correspondent situations.
Conclusions: All the tested solutions in the present study exhibited the potential to
pigment the dental surface, with Coca-Cola® being the one who most contributed for
dental pigmentation. The methods of color comparison studied showed concordance for
most of the situations.
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Moreira, Ana Elisa Infante. "Avaliação e gestão da ansiedade dentária na consulta de odontopediatria: revisão narrativa." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9426.
Full textAbstract:
A ansiedade dentária é uma manifestação de temor ante situações relacionadas ao
atendimento na consulta de medicina dentária, que causam apreensão e desconforto,
criando expectativa negativa no paciente. Esta ansiedade em pacientes pediátricos pode
gerar problemas na gestão do comportamento pelo médico dentista, e isto pode afetar o
sucesso do tratamento odontológico das crianças. O reconhecimento e gestão precoces
da ansiedade dentária são a chave para um tratamento eficaz no paciente. O objetivo
deste trabalho focou-se na pesquisa de instrumentos de medida da ansiedade dentária na
infância e métodos de gestão dos pacientes na consulta. Para tal foi conduzida uma
revisão narrativa da literatura com base em artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, mas
também os publicados anteriormente a este período desde que considerados relevantes
para a pesquisa. Verificou-se que o conhecimento sobre o conceito e os instrumentos de
medida da ansiedade dentária permitem entender melhor o que pode manifestar a
criança na consulta com o médico dentista, e deste modo, intervir com estratégias para
reduzir a ansiedade dentária durante os procedimentos clínicos.<br>Dental anxiety is a manifestation of fear in the face of situations related to dental care
consultation, which cause apprehension and discomfort, creating negative expectations
in the patient. This anxiety in pediatric patients can lead to problems in behavior
management by the dentist, and this can affect the success of children's dental treatment.
Early recognition and management of dental anxiety is the key to effective patient
treatment. The aim of this work was to research instruments for measuring dental
anxiety in childhood and methods of patient management in the consultation. To this
end, a narrative review of the literature was conducted based on articles published in the
last 10 years, but also those published prior to this period as long as they are considered
relevant to the research. It was found that knowledge about the concept and instruments
for measuring dental anxiety allows a better understanding of child behaviors in the
consultation with the dentist, thus being able to intervene with strategies to reduce
dental anxiety during clinical procedures.
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Brito, Filipe Branco de. "Avaliação de Cor em Medicina Dentária." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/88034.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia<br>Atualmente a estética ocupa um papel central na autoestima do ser humano, sendo os dentes parte integrante desta problemática. Os dentes são um órgão policromático que ao longo dos anos vai sofrendo alterações na sua cor. Com o envelhecimento, o esmalte sofre um desgaste e a dentina torna-se mais densa, provocando o escurecimento dentário. Para além deste processo natural, há situações várias em que a estrutura dentária se pode danificar, quer a nível parcial como total, levando à necessidade de implementação de procedimentos de restauração dentária. A reposição da estrutura dentária danificada quer pela ocorrência de uma fratura ou por uma cárie, a correção de alterações de cor e a aplicação de implantes dentários recorrem à utilização de técnicas e biomateriais que permitem reproduzir as propriedades e características dos dentes, de forma a que seja possível atingir um sorriso perfeito. Consequentemente, existe a necessidade de saber que cor aplicar à estrutura danificada, sendo de extrema importância a existência de um bom instrumento de medição de cor, para que possa ser garantido o melhor resultado possível a nível estético. Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação que efetue a determinação da cor do dente através de uma fotografia do dente e da comparação da mesma com imagens armazenadas numa base de dados utilizando diversos algoritmos. Concluindo, a determinação de cor utilizando uma máquina fotográfica digital e possível mas, futuramente, deverá ser estudada a edição de imagens com o intuito de melhorar os resultados.<br>Nowadays aesthetics plays a major role in a person’s self-esteem, with the teeth being an integral part of this problem. The teeth are a polychromatic organ whose color suffers major changes all over the years. With aging, the enamel wears out and the dentin becomes denser, causing tooth darkening. In addition to this natural process, there are several situations in which the dental structure can be damaged, either partially or completely, leading to the need of dental restoration procedures. For the replacement of the damaged tooth structure either occurred by fracture or tooth decay, for the correction of chromatic alterations and for the application of dental implants it is necessary the use of diverse biomaterials and techniques that allow the reproduction of the properties and characteristics of the teeth, so that a perfect smile can be achieved. Consequently, there is a necessity to know the exact color to apply to the damaged structure and having a good color measuring instrument is of utmost importance so that the best possible aesthetic result can be guaranteed, giving the patient the finest treatment possible. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a teeth color determination program using a photography of the tooth and comparing it to images on a data base using diverse algorithms. The results prove that it is possible to determine color using a digital photographic machine but further studies related to photographic edition are required to improve the outcomes.
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Ferraz, Camila Neves Batko. "Seleção de cor na Medicina Dentária." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7305.
Full textAbstract:
A seleção da cor correta na Medicina Dentária é o principal ponto de partida para alcançar o sucesso nos procedimentos dentários esteticamente satisfatórios. O êxito na escolha da cor está profundamente associado à satisfação do desejo dos pacientes diante ao resultado do tratamento dentário. O Médico Dentista confronta-se com o desafio diário para selecionar uma cor precisa dos compósitos, essa complexidade da seleção da cor é resultante da constituição policromática da estrutura dentária. Com este trabalho pretendeu realizar-se uma revisão da literatura compreendendo os métodos mais atuais e utilizados na escolha de cor. O método mais utilizado é a comparação visual do dente com as escalas de cor pré-fabricadas, representa mesmo assim, um procedimento subjetivo suscetível de uma extensa variabilidade. A escolha de cor com o manuseio de instrumentos apropriados pretende ser um meio eficiente de recompor as limitações da técnica visual.<br>Selecting the correct color in Dental Medicine is the main starting point for achieving success in aesthetically pleasing dental procedures. Success in color choice is deeply associated with the satisfaction of patients' desire for dental outcome. The Dentist attends the daily challenge to select an accurate color of the composites, this complexity of color selection is the result of the polychromatic constitution of the dental structure. With this work it was intended to carry out a literature review comprising the most current methods and used in the choice of color. The most used method is the visual comparison of the tooth with the prefabricated color scales, but it represents a subjective procedure susceptible of extensive variability. The choice of color with the handling of appropriate instruments is intended to be an efficient means of restoring the limitations of visual technique.
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Martins, Johnny da Silva. "Comportamentos de saúde oral numa comunidade portuguesa : uma escala para classificação da saúde oral em adolescentes." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/23889.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: A cárie precoce na infância é uma das doenças mais prevalentes da população mundial escolarizada, manifestando-se pela presença de pelo menos um dente cariado, ausência de um dente ou existência de uma obturação num dente temporário.
Objetivos: Avaliar os conhecimentos e as práticas dos jovens no que se refere aos comportamentos de saúde oral, assim como a criação de uma escala para classificação dos mesmos comportamentos de saúde oral. Os objetivos específicos passam por verificar quais os comportamentos dos adolescentes no consumo de álcool e tabaco; caracterizar os comportamentos de saúde oral dos adolescentes e criar uma escala para classificação do nível de comportamentos de saúde oral nos adolescentes portugueses.
Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal, recorrendo à perspetiva descritivo-correlacional. A amostra do estudo é constituída por 694 crianças e jovens, com idades entre os 12-18 anos, pertencentes aos distritos de Viseu e Guarda. A recolha de dados foi realizada através da autoaplicação de um questionário baseado na escala para a classificação dos comportamentos de saúde oral dos adolescentes e da observação intraoral.
Resultados: Na análise dos resultados obtidos, foi definida uma escala para a classificação dos comportamentos de saúde oral dos adolescentes, onde se concluiu que a maioria dos alunos não consome álcool nem possui hábitos tabágicos (n=363; 83,1% e n=416; 95,6%). Na saúde oral, a maioria dos alunos escova os dentes todos os dias (n=346; 79,4%), entre 1-5 vezes por dia, durante o período da manhã e antes de deitar e complementado pela utilização de pasta com fluor, apesar da maioria não utilizar fio dentário (n=388; 66%). Quanto à consulta ao dentista, a maioria dos alunos teve uma consulta durante os últimos 12 meses, devido à rotina, tratamento de dentes estragados/cariados e dor de dentes. As diferenças encontradas entre ambos os géneros prendem-se com a maior escovagem diária e utilização de fio dentário no género feminino, o que apresenta um maior cuidado oral comparativamente ao género masculino. Analisando a amostra incluída no presente estudo, verificamos após aplicação da escala criada, que 67,9% da amostra apresenta, na sua globalidade, comportamentos de saúde oral insuficientes, 23,9% intermédia/suficiente e apenas 8,2% apresentam o que é considerado na escala como tendo uma boa classificação em termos. de comportamentos de saúde oral respeitando os pressupostos definidos para a elaboração da presente escala.
Conclusões: A prevenção da saúde oral das crianças e jovens a nível familiar e escolar deve ser baseada numa higiene oral adequada, utilização de fluor, fio dentário, diminuição da ingestão de alimentos açucarados, consultas regulares ao dentista, informação sobre os cheques-dentista, frequência de ações de formação ou participação nos rastreios a nível nacional. Também é crucial a constituição da escala, uma vez que permite comparar dados de diversos alunos e compreender os hábitos de saúde oral ou alimentares mais frequentes.<br>Introduction: Early childhood caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world's schooling population, manifested by the presence of at least one decayed tooth, absence of a tooth or existence of a filling in a temporary tooth.
Aims: To evaluate the knowledge and practices of young people regarding oral health behaviors, as well as the creation of a scale to classify the same oral health behaviors. The specific objectives are to verify the behavior of adolescents in alcohol and tobacco consumption; to characterize adolescents' oral health behaviors and to create a scale for classifying the level of oral health behaviors among Portuguese adolescents.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational epidemiological study was performed, using a descriptive-correlational perspective. The sample of the study consists of 694 children and young people, aged between 12-18 years, belonging to the districts of Viseu and Guarda. Data collection was done through the self-application of a questionnaire based on the scale for the classification of oral health behaviors of adolescents and intraoral observation.
Results: In the analysis of the results obtained, a scale was defined for the classification of oral health behaviors of adolescents, where it was concluded that the majority of the students did not consume alcohol or have no smoking habits (n = 363, 83.1%, n = 416; , 6%). In oral health, most students brush their teeth every day (n = 346, 79.4%), between 1-5 times a day, in the morning and before bedtime and supplemented by the use of fluoride paste , although the majority did not use dental floss (n = 388; 66%). As for consulting the dentist, most of the students had a consultation during the last 12 months, due to routine, treatment of damaged / decayed teeth and toothache. The differences found between both genders relate to the greater daily brushing and the use of dental floss in the feminine gender, which presents a greater oral care compared to the male gender. Analyzing the sample included in the present study, we verified, after application of the scale created, that 67.9% of the sample presented, overall, poor oral health behaviors, 23.9% intermediate / sufficient and only 8.2% presented what is considered in the scale as having a good classification in terms of oral health behaviors respecting the assumptions defined for the elaboration of the present scale.
Conclusions: The oral health prevention of children and young people at school and family level should be based on adequate oral hygiene, use of fluoride, dental floss, reduction of sugary food intake, regular visits to the dentist, training or participation in screening at national level. The constitution of the scale is also crucial, since it allows comparing data from several students and understanding the most frequent oral or eating habits.
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Williams, Matthew Neil. "Coping in the chair : a validation study of the Monitoring Blunting Dental Scale : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1537.
Full textAbstract:
The monitoring-blunting theory of coping in threatening situations (Miller, 1981, 1987) suggests that when faced with a threatening situation, individuals can respond either by attending to threatening information (―monitoring‖) or by avoiding threatening information (―blunting‖). A valid and reliable measure of children’s preferred coping styles in dental situations may assist dental staff in providing efficacious anxiety-reducing interventions to diverse groups of children. The current study sought to validate a scale of children’s preference for monitoring or blunting in dental situations (the Monitoring Blunting Dental Scale or MBDS). The psychometric characteristics of the scale were assessed in a group of 240 eleven to thirteen year old New Zealand children. Internal consistency reliability was adequate for both the monitoring ( = .743) and blunting ( = .762) subscales. Convergent validity was indicated by strong correlations (> .6) between the MBDS monitoring and blunting subscales and those of an adapted version of the Child Behavioural Style Scale (CBSS-M). Discriminant validity with respect to dental anxiety was strong for the monitoring subscale, r = .079, p = .221, but not the blunting subscale, r = .478, p <.001. Confirmatory factor analysis of the MBDS indicated adequate fit for a two factor monitoring-blunting model (RMSEA = .079), but unacceptable fit for a one factor model (RMSEA = .095). A similar finding was observed when confirmatory factor analysis of the CBSS-M was conducted. These confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the monitoring and blunting theoretical constructs cannot be justifiably regarded as representing poles of a single underlying dimension, but are better regarded as distinct, related constructs. A content analysis of children’s comments about the coping strategies they might adopt in several dental scenarios indicated that these strategies were largely classifiable within monitoring-blunting theory, with blunting-type strategies much more commonly mentioned. Given further validity evidence, the MBDS could be a useful measure when attempting to tailor anxiety-reducing interventions in dental settings to children with diverse coping preferences.
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Montagna, Diana Raquel Ferreira. "Ansiedade dentária em crianças : a importância da sua gestão na consulta de odontopediatria." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/15318.
Full textAbstract:
A gestão da ansiedade dentária em crianças no decurso das consultas de Odontopediatria torna-se essencial para um maior sucesso dos tratamentos dentários. Assim, pretende-se avaliar os níveis de ansiedade manifestados pelas crianças face ao tratamento dentário e, simultaneamente, avaliar o grau de dor descrito no mesmo contexto clínico, de modo a relacioná-los diretamente com experiências prévias e outros fatores etiológicos de interesse, nomeadamente faixa etária, género, ansiedade parental e condição socioeconómica e, finalmente, ponderar o efeito destes fatores na saúde oral infantil.
O estudo é realizado numa população de crianças dos 8 aos 14 anos, que frequentam a consulta de Odontopediatria da Clínica Dentária Universitária de Viseu, a partir de um questionário que recorre a duas escalas de autoavaliação de ansiedade e dor, respetivamente, a Faces Version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale e a Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale. Para além destas escalas abordam-se ainda questões relativas aos hábitos de higiene oral e averigua-se o estado de saúde oral através do Índice CPOD ou cpod (Dentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados), consoante se trate de dentes permanentes ou dentes decíduos.
No geral, 76% da amostra estudada apresenta pouca ansiedade, no entanto as crianças entre os 8 e os 11 anos possuem maior nível de ansiedade comparativamente às de idade superior a 12 anos. Comprovou-se o impacto das experiências negativas prévias nas consultas subsequentes, U= 192,000, p< 0,001, além da maior suscetibilidade à dor, rs = 0,545, p< 0,01. A injeção de anestesia local demonstrou-se responsável por 90% de ansiedade e da sintomatologia dolorosa nas crianças.
Os comportamentos ansiosos e não cooperantes no decorrer das consultas de Odontopediatria estão dependentes da faixa etária, das experiências médico-dentárias anteriores e do limiar de dor de cada criança, sendo que os procedimentos dentários mais invasivos estão associados a maior manifestação de ansiedade e dor<br>The management of dental anxiety in children during the appointments of Pediatric Dentistry is essential to the further success of dental treatments. Thus, we intend to assess levels of anxiety expressed by children during dental treatments and, simultaneously, assess the degree of pain described in the same clinical context, in order to relate them directly with previous experiences and other etiologic factors of interest, including age, gender, parental anxiety and socioeconomic status, and finally, deliberate the effect of these factors on children's oral health.
The study is conducted in a population of children from 8 to 14 years, who attending the Pediatric Dentistry appointments of Dental Clinic University in Viseu, applying a questionnaire that uses two self-report scales to measure anxiety and pain, respectively, the Faces Version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale and the Wong - Baker Faces Pain Scale. In addition to these scales, we address issues relating to oral hygiene habits and we ascertain the state of oral health by the CPOD or cpod Index (Carious, Missing and Filled Teeth), depending whether it is permanent or deciduous teeth.
Overall, 76% of the sample shows slight anxiety, however children between 8 and 11 years have a higher level of anxiety compared to those aged over 12 years. It was shown the impact of previous negative experiences in subsequent appointments, U = 192.000, p <0.001, in addition to increased susceptibility to pain, rs = 0.545, p <0.01. The injection of local anesthesia has been shown responsible for 90% of anxiety and pain symptoms in children.
Anxious and uncooperative behaviour in the Pediatric Dentistry appointments are dependent on early ages, the previous dental experiences and the pain threshold of each child, and the more invasive dental procedures are associated with higher expression of anxiety and pain.
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Sancho, José Luís Coelho. "Perceção do impacto estético na avaliação de alterações na linha média dentária e presença de diastema interincisivo por leigos, médicos dentistas e alunos de medicina dentária." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/15283.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: A estética do sorriso é preponderante para o diagnóstico e elaboração do plano de tratamento ortodôntico. Um sorriso harmonioso e equilibrado influencia positivamente o bem-estar individual.
Objetivo: Este estudo visa comparar a perceção estética entre médicos dentistas, leigos e estudantes de Medicina Dentária relativamente aos desvios da linha média dentária maxilar e à presença de diastema interincisivo maxilar. Também se comparou a perceção estética entre os estudantes de Medicina Dentária de diferentes unidades de ensino, bem como entre os anos curriculares (4º e 5º) que frequentavam.
Metodologia: Foram adicionadas alterações digitais, ao nível do diastema interincisivo maxilar e do desvio da linha média maxilar, que interferissem com o equilíbrio e com a harmonia de um sorriso considerado esteticamente normal, segundo os padrões atuais. As 7 fotografias foram organizadas num álbum para posterior avaliação por parte de três grupos de observadores, que eram compostos por: 100 leigos, 100 médicos dentistas e 100 estudantes de Medicina Dentária, sendo que 34 eram da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 33 eram da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra e 33 eram da Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto. A classificação foi efetuada numa Escala Visual Analógica de 100 mm.
Resultados: No desvio da linha média de 2 mm, os médicos dentistas foram mais críticos do que os leigos. No desvio da linha média de 4 mm os médicos dentistas e os estudantes de Medicina Dentária foram mais críticos do que os leigos e na comparação por género entre os leigos, os homens foram mais críticos do que as mulheres. Nos desvios da linha média de 6 mm, os médicos dentistas e os estudantes de Medicina Dentária foram mais críticos do que os leigos e na comparação por anos curriculares, os alunos do 5º ano foram mais críticos do que os alunos do 4º ano. Relativamente à presença de diastema interincisivo de 1 mm, na comparação por género entre leigos, os homens foram mais críticos do que as mulheres e na comparação entre as diferentes Universidades, os alunos de Viseu foram mais críticos do que os alunos do Porto e de Coimbra. Nos diastemas de 2 mm na comparação entre as Universidades, os alunos de Viseu foram mais críticos do que os alunos de Coimbra. Nos diastemas de 3 mm, os alunos mostraram-se mais críticos do que os leigos e na comparação por género entre os estudantes de Medicina Dentária, os homens foram mais críticos do que as mulheres. Ainda nos diastemas de 3 mm, os alunos do Porto e de Viseu, foram mais críticos do que os alunos de Coimbra.
Conclusão: A formação académica na área da Medicina Dentária é um requisito que permite aos observadores detetarem, mais facilmente, alterações ligeiras que influenciam a harmonia e o equilíbrio do sorriso<br>Introduction: The smile aesthetics is vital for the diagnosis and development of the orthodontic treatment plan. A harmonious and balanced smile positively influences individual well-being. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the aesthetic perception among dentists, laypeople and dental students about the presence of maxillary interincisal diastema and maxillary midline deviations. It was also compared the aesthetic perception among dental students, between 4th and 5th curricular years, and from different teaching Universities. Methodology: Digital alterations were made to the interincisal maxillary diastema and maxillary midline deviation. It was evaluated the interference of these parameters with the balance and harmony of a smile considered aesthetically normal, by today's standards. In addition, 7 photographs were arranged in an album for later evaluation by three groups of observers, which consisted of: 100 laypeople, 100 dentists and 100 dental students, where 34 of them were from the Portuguese Catholic University, 33 were from the Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Coimbra, and 33 were from the Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Oporto. The classification was performed using a Visual Analogue Scale of 100 mm.
Results: In the 2 mm dental midline deviation, dentists were less tolerant than laypeople. In the 4 mm dental midline deviation, both dentists and dental students were less tolerant than laypeople and in the comparison by gender among layople, men were less tolerant than women. In the 6 mm midline deviation, dentist and dental students were less tolerant than laypeople and in the comparison by academic years, the 5th year students were less tolerant than the 4th year students. For the presence of 1 mm interincisal diastema in the comparison by gender among laypeople, men were less tolerant than women and in the comparison between different Universities, students from Viseu were less tolerant then students from Oporto and Coimbra. In the 2 mm interincisal diastema in the comparison among different universities, students from Viseu were less tolerant then students from Coimbra. In the 3 mm interincisal diastema dental students were less tolerant than laypeople and in the comparison by gender among dental students, men were less tolerant than women. Finally, in the comparison of 3 mm interincisal diastema, students from Oporto and Viseu were less tolerant than students from Coimbra. Conclusion: The academic training in the field of dentistry is a requirement that allows observers to detect more easily slight changes that affect the harmony and balance of smile.