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Journal articles on the topic 'Dental scalers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ahern, Stacey, and Margaret J. Rys. "Evaluation of Dental Scalers." Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 1, no. 1 (2013): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2013v1i1.pp40-50.

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The current state of the dental industry shows an increasing number of dentists and dental hygienists who are reducing hours and retiring early due to the injuries sustained while working. These injuries, or cumulative trauma disorders, can be reduced by applying ergonomics in dental tool design. An experiment was designed to test a new dental scaler (A) made of a titanium rod with added compressibility in the precision grip area. The experiment utilized a Hu-Friedy sickle scaler (B) and a Practicon Montana Jack scaler (C) as controls to show two design spectrums, weight and material. The subjects (n=23) were taught the basics of scaling and required to scale using a typodont. The change in grip strength (Δ GS), pinch strength (Δ PS), and steadiness of the subject’s hand were tested. An absolute and relative rating technique was utilized pinpointing that the new dental scaler was preferred with the eigenvector (A=0.8615, B=0.1279, C=0.0106). Statistical analysis confirmed this tool preference while also finding the interaction of gender and tool and Δ GS Tool A versus Tool B for males to be significant.

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2

OGAWA, Koichi, Kyohei MATSUI, and Katsumi ONAKA. "Evaluation of Sharpness for Dental Scalers." Journal of Life Support Technology 5, no. 1 (1992): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5136/lifesupport1986.5.19.

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3

Felver, Bernhard, David C. King, Simon C. Lea, Gareth J. Price, and A. Damien Walmsley. "Cavitation occurrence around ultrasonic dental scalers." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 16, no. 5 (2009): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.11.002.

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4

Lea, S. C., G. Landini, and A. D. Walmsley. "Assessing the vibrations of dental ultrasonic scalers." Journal of Sound and Vibration 271, no. 3-5 (2004): 1113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2003.06.014.

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5

Phway, Thant P. P., S. Zurek, T. Meydan, and A. D. Walmsley. "Control of tip oscillation in magnetostrictive dental scalers." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 129, no. 1-2 (2006): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2005.11.036.

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6

HIGUCHI, Shizuichi, Toru ITO, Kyohei MATSUI, Hideo KATO, and Kazuya OKAWA. "Evaluation of Sharpness of Dental Scalers Using Optical Reflection." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Contributed Papers 71, no. 3 (2005): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jspe.71.369.

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7

Vyas, N., H. Dehghani, R. L. Sammons, Q. X. Wang, D. M. Leppinen, and A. D. Walmsley. "Imaging and analysis of individual cavitation microbubbles around dental ultrasonic scalers." Ultrasonics 81 (November 2017): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2017.05.015.

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8

Manoharan, Suhas, and G. Karthikeyan. "Efficiency of usage of ultrasonic scalers and tips among undergraduate dental students." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 9, no. 10 (2016): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2016.00311.5.

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9

Mahiroglu, Muhammed Bedir, Erkut Kahramanoglu, Mustafa Ay, Leyla Kuru, and Omer Birkan Agrali. "Comparison of Root Surface Wear and Roughness Resulted from Different Ultrasonic Scalers and Polishing Devices Applied on Human Teeth: An In-Vitro Study." Healthcare 8, no. 1 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010055.

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The aim of the present study was to compare the root surface wear and roughness, resulted from the professional dental hygiene instruments, including ultrasonic dental scalers, rubber prophy cups, and nylon bristle brushes, on the extracted human mandibular incisor teeth. Teeth (n = 80) were randomly assigned into eight groups according to the applied scaler type (Ma = Magnetostrictive, Pi = Piezoelectric), degree of power (M = Medium, F = Full), and angulation (0° and 45°). In the second stage, the specimens (n = 40) were further divided into two groups according to the applied polishing device (nylon bristle brush or rubber prophy cup). Laser scanner and contact profilometer devices were used for the surface analysis. Both ultrasonic instruments tested in our study produced rougher surfaces when full power was used at a 0° angle (p < 0.01). The highest wear (0.82 ± 0.07 mm3) and roughness values (0.30 ± 0.01 µm) were detected in the PiF0 group. Polishing performed with a rubber prophy cup resulted in almost twice the wear as well as a smoother surface when compared to polishing performed with a nylon bristle brush (p < 0.001). Variations in the application parameters of ultrasonic scalers and the type of polishing instrument might lead to significantly different root-surface characteristics.

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10

Maiorana, Carlo, Giovanni B. Grossi, Rocco A. Garramone, Ruggero Manfredini, and Franco Santoro. "Do ultrasonic dental scalers interfere with implantable cardioverter defibrillators? An in vivo investigation." Journal of Dentistry 41, no. 11 (2013): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.006.

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11

Janalik, P., T. Fichtel, P. Sperka, M. Omasta, and P. Rauser. "Three-dimensional optical assessment of experimental iatrogenic mechanical damage to canine dental enamel caused by a sonic scaler." Veterinární Medicína 59, No. 6 (2014): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7573-vetmed.

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Removal of dental calculus deposits is one of the basic parts of professional dental cleaning. Despite the popularity of power-driven scalers, several risks are associated with their use, mechanical damage of the enamel surface being one of the most important. The present study evaluated enamel damage caused by a sonic scaler in different work patterns to quantify the damage and allow a clear comparison. Seventy-five canine teeth were carefully extracted from twenty-three dogs. The scaler was used on a clean surface with several combinations of time (five to twenty seconds) and parts of the scaler (point vs. side of the tip). Subsequently, damaged surface topography was mapped using three-dimensional optical microscopy. The results revealed a high variance in defect depth which was influenced by both factors. Statistical assessment confirmed highly significant (P &lt; 0.001) or at least significant (P &lt; 0.05) differences in data acquired for each group. As expected, the shallowest defects were produced by the scaler side in the shortest experimental period (five seconds). Point use proved to be quite damaging, as it resulted in approximately four times higher median values than the side in the same timeframe. Therefore, it is crucial to follow all safety precautions when handling a power-driven scaler even during routine treatments. Use of the side of the tip and constant movement on the tooth surface are essential to reduce the risk of enamel damage. &nbsp;

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12

Kawashima, Hideyuki, Shuichi Sato, Mamoru Kishida, Hiroaki Yagi, Kazuma Matsumoto, and Koichi Ito. "Treatment of Titanium Dental Implants With Three Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Scalers: An In Vivo Study." Journal of Periodontology 78, no. 9 (2007): 1689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.060496.

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13

HIGUCHI, Shizuichi, Yosuke HOSOYA, Hideo KATO, Kyohei MATSUI, and Kazuya OKAWA. "Evaluation of Sharpness of Dental Scalers Using Optical Reflection of Blades Rotated in Two Directions." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 74, no. 9 (2008): 954–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.74.954.

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14

Rao, Reema M., Nina Shenoy, and Veena Shetty. "Determination of efficacy of pre-procedural mouth rinsing in reducing aerosol contamination produced by ultrasonic scalers." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 05, no. 03 (2015): 052–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703913.

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AbstractThe oral cavity is a unique environment which can provide an ideal medium for bacterial growth. Most of the procedures performed by dentist have the potential for creating contaminated aerosols and splatter which contains bacteria, fungi, protozoa and even blood borne viruses produced during dental operative procedures and thus promoting an increased risk of cross infection. In dentistry, the ultrasonic scaler and the air polisher are considered to be the greatest producers of small particle aerosol contamination. Aerosols can remain airborne for extended periods of time and may be inhaled and was also found that the microorganisms could survive in the aerosol produced for as long as 6 days. The association of these aerosols with the respiratory infections, opthalamic and skin infections, tuberculosis and hepatitis B have been reported.Chlorhexidine is considered as the “Gold standard” of antimicrobial rinse because of broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and substantivity of 8-12 hrs. This study determined the efficacy of preprocedural rinsing with an antimicrobial mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine in reducing the level of viable bacteria contained in aerosols generated by ultrasonic scaling.The results of the present study clearly indicate that pre-procedural mouth rinse with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate was significantly effective in reducing the aerosol contamination during use of ultrasonic scaling in dental practice Using a pre-procedural rinse can significantly reduce the viable microbial content of dental aerosols.

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15

Kun-Szabó, Fruzsina, Dorottya Gheorghita, Tibor Ajtai, et al. "Aerosol generation and control in the dental operatory: An in vitro spectrometric study of typical clinical setups." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0246543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246543.

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Dental turbines and scalers, used every day in dental operatories, feature built-in water spray that generates considerable amounts of water aerosol. The problem is that it is not exactly known how much. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, several aerosol safety recommendations have been issued—based on little empirical evidence, as almost no data are available on the exact aerosol concentrations generated during dental treatment. Similarly, little is known about the differences in the efficacy of different commercially available aerosol control systems to reduce in-treatment aerosol load. In this in vitro study, we used spectrometry to explore these questions. The time-dependent effect of conventional airing on aerosol concentrations was also studied. Everyday patient treatment situations were modeled. The test setups were defined by the applied instrument and its spray direction (high-speed turbine with direct/indirect airspray or ultrasonic scaler with indirect airspray) and the applied aerosol control system (the conventional high-volume evacuator or a lately introduced aerosol exhaustor). Two parameters were analyzed: total number concentration in the entire measurement range of the spectrometer and total number concentration within the 60 to 384 nm range. The results suggest that instrument type and spray direction significantly influence the resulting aerosol concentrations. Aerosol generation by the ultrasonic scaler is easily controlled. As for the high-speed turbine, the efficiency of control might depend on how exactly the instrument is used during a treatment. The results suggest that scenarios where the airspray is frequently directed toward the air of the operatory are the most difficult to control. The tested control systems did not differ in their efficiency, but the study could not provide conclusive results in this respect. With conventional airing through windows with a standard fan, a safety airing period of at least 15 minutes between treatments is recommended.

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16

Mungara, J., NC Dilna, E. Joseph, and N. Reddy. "Evaluation of Microbial Profile in Dental Unit Waterlines and Assessment of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Two Treating Agents." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 37, no. 4 (2013): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.37.4.l6851n9g01223450.

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The quality of water in a dental unit used for cooling and flushing the high and low speed handpiece, air/water syringes and the scalers is of considerable importance. The present study was carried out to enumerate and identify the microorganisms present in water samples collected from dental unit waterlines of different dental specialty clinics and to find out the efficacy of two treating agents in disinfecting dental unit waterlines. Study design: Sample included 70 dental unit waterlines from different speciality dental clinics which were checked for microbial contamination. From these dental units 40 units were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 20 each. Group A, treatment was done in 20 dental units with 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate solution and Group B, treatment was done in 20 dental units with 10% Povidone iodine solution and the reduction in the microbial levels were assessed. Five dental units were randomly selected and checked the microbial contamination using mineral water, sterile distilled water, fresh tap water as a water source in the dental unit reservoir bottles. Also from the test group, five from each group were checked for the duration of efficacy of treating agent for one week by analyzing the water samples collected on 3 ,5 and 7 day intervals. Results: Most of the identified microorganisms are Gram negative and pseudomonas predominating up to 98.59% of the total isolates. Usage of disinfectants 0.2% Chlorhexidine and 10% Povidone Iodine were found to be very effective in reducing the microbial contamination and 10% Povidone iodine was found to be more efficient (97.13%) and active for a period of 3 days and gradually loosing its efficacy by 7th day. No significant difference were found in microbial contamination of water samples collected from different water outlets such as handpiece outlets, air water syringe outlets, scaler lines. Conclusion: To continue maintaining the sterility of the Dental unit waterlines and to complete the infection control measures adopted in the dental clinics, suitable disinfectants like 0.2% Chlorhexidine on daily basis or 10% Povidone iodine on every 3rd day basis intermittently maintain the sterility of dental unit waterlines it is essential to have a good water source and an effective disinfectant.

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17

Burke, FJ Trevor, Louis Mackenzie, and Peter Sands. "Suggestions for Non-Aerosol or Reduced-Aerosol Restorative Dentistry (for as Long as is Necessary)." Dental Update 47, no. 6 (2020): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2020.47.6.485.

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The advent of coronavirus and the associated disease COVID-19 has led to the closure of dental practices in the UK and, indeed, in many parts of the world. In order to get dental practices operating again, it is suggested that it is necessary to adopt a new way of working. Principal among concerns has been the potential carriage of droplets (from an infected patient) into the aerosols resulting from the use of the turbine handpiece and from ultrasonic and sonic scalers, and other instruments used in restorative dentistry (current terminology being Aerosol Generating Procedures [AGPs]). It is therefore the aim of this paper to review restorative techniques and suggest those which are appropriate to aerosol-free, or reduced-aerosol restorative dentistry. CPD/Clinical Relevance: With anxieties regarding aerosol generating procedures abounding, it may be helpful to review procedures which either reduce or avoid these AGPs.

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18

Park, Jun-Beom, Sung-Hoon Lee, NamRyang Kim, et al. "Instrumentation With Ultrasonic Scalers Facilitates Cleaning of the Sandblasted and Acid-Etched Titanium Implants." Journal of Oral Implantology 41, no. 4 (2015): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00078.

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Mechanical instrumentation is widely used to debride dental implants, but this may alter the surface properties of titanium, which in turn may influence bacterial adhesion and make it more difficult to remove the biofilm. This in vitro study was performed (1) to assess the amount of biofilm formation on a sand-blasted and acid-etched titanium fixture treated with ultrasonic scalers with metal, plastic, and carbon tips and (2) to evaluate how this treatment of titanium surfaces affects implant cleaning by brushing with dentifrice. The titanium fixtures were treated with various ultrasonic scaler tips, and surface roughness parameters were measured by confocal microscopy. Biofilm was formed on the treated fixtures by using pooled saliva from 10 subjects, and the quantity of the adherent bacteria was compared with crystal violet assay. The fixture surfaces with biofilm were brushed for total of 30 seconds with a toothbrush with dentifrice. The bacteria remaining on the brushed fixture surfaces were quantified by scanning electron microscopy. Surface changes were evident, and the changes of the surfaces were more discernible when metal tips were used. A statistically significant decrease in roughness value (arithmetic mean height of the surface) was seen in the 2 metal-tip groups and the single plastic-tip group. After brushing with dentifrice, the treated surfaces in all the treatment groups showed significantly fewer bacteria compared with the untreated surfaces in the control group, and the parts of the surfaces left untreated in the test groups. Within the limits of this study, treatment of titanium fixture surfaces with ultrasonic metal, plastic, or carbon tips significantly enhanced the bacterial removal efficacy of brushing. Thorough instrumentation that smooths the whole exposed surface may facilitate maintenance of the implants.

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19

ONAKA, Katsumi, Kyohei MATSUI, and Koichi OGAWA. "A Study on the Sharpness of Hand-Scalers for Dental Calculus Removal: Quantitative Evaluation System of the Sharpness based on the Cutting Force." Journal of Life Support Engineering 9, no. 3 (1997): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5136/lifesupport.9.3_10.

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20

Virdi, M. K., K. Durman, and S. Deacon. "The Debate: What Are Aerosol-Generating Procedures in Dentistry? A Rapid Review." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 6, no. 2 (2021): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084421989946.

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Introduction: This article aims to review the current national and international dental guidance produced during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic to identify the level of consensus on aerosol-generating dental procedures (AGDPs). The outcomes intend to encourage increased collaboration with respect to dental guidelines in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as well as to improve decision making and safety for dental patients and staff. Methods: This rapid review was conducted by 2 authors (MKV and KD), with the support of a third author (SD), to assess current guidelines related to dental AGDPs. This streamlined review approach allowed synthesis of data in an efficient manner in the rapidly evolving environment associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Results: The findings identified 1) a lack of consistency in reporting which procedures were deemed an AGDP; 2) that high-speed handpieces, air-water syringes, and mechanical scalers were consistently considered high-risk AGDPs; 3) a lack of consensus on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission with the use of slow-speed handpieces; 4) a general agreement, when described, that rubber dam and high-volume evacuation can significantly reduce aerosol production; and 5) a lack of consistency in reporting whether procedures constitute a low, moderate, or high risk of COVID-19 transmission. The findings are discussed in relation to the guidance and future recommendations. Conclusion: It is recommended that future published guidance should indicate the risk stratification (low/moderate/high) of each procedure/exposure in a standardized international approach. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this rapid review can be used by clinicians to increase their awareness of international guidance on aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry. It will also encourage those publishing future guidance to provide an internationally standardized, risk-stratified approach to describing aerosol-generating procedures. Currently, it allows clinicians to consider aerosol-generating procedures as a risk spectrum.

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21

Marya, Anand. "Utilizing Aligners to Solve the COVID-19-Affected Orthodontic Practice Conundrum!" Journal of Advanced Oral Research 11, no. 2 (2020): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2320206820942400.

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Dentists all around the world are facing a dilemma on whether to resume their practice or not and the ones who have made the effort to resume work, feel they are at high risk of getting infected by the coronavirus. A majority of dental treatments require the use of high-speed handpieces as well as ultrasonic scalers which can make it even more dangerous for the treating dentists and assistants as these release aerosols which could aid in virus transmission. High-quality personal protective equipment is hard to procure and, if so, is very expensive adding to the cost of running clinics during this period. One of the main issues plaguing dentists practicing orthodontics is the inability to see their patients regularly during this period, which can cause a lot of unwanted tooth movements. This is where aligners can be of big help as the entire treatment planning process can be done virtually and the treatment can be monitored without the need of the patient having to visit the clinic physically.

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22

Jamieson, Lisa M., and W. Murray Thomson. "The Dental Neglect and Dental Indifference scales compared." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 30, no. 3 (2002): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300302.x.

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23

Trenter, S. C., and A. D. Walmsley. "Ultrasonic dental scaler: associated hazards." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 30, no. 2 (2003): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00276.x.

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24

Trenter, S. C., A. D. Walmsley, G. Landini, and J. M. Shippen. "Assessment of the ultrasonic dental scaler insert." Medical Engineering & Physics 24, no. 2 (2002): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4533(01)00103-5.

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25

MARUYAMA, Yutaka, Masaya TAKASAKI, Tomonori KUTAMI, and Takeshi MIZUNO. "Application of Ultrasonic Dental Scaler for Diagnosis." Journal of System Design and Dynamics 1, no. 2 (2007): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsdd.1.192.

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26

Haugejorden, Ola, and Kristin Solveig Klock. "Avoidance of dental visits: the predictive validity of three dental anxiety scales." Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 58, no. 6 (2000): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016350050217091.

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27

Brennan, DS, and AJ Spencer. "Practical Belief Scales Among Private General Dental Practitioners." Australian Dental Journal 46, no. 3 (2001): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2001.tb00280.x.

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28

Pecheva, E., R. L. Sammons, and A. D. Walmsley. "The performance characteristics of a piezoelectric ultrasonic dental scaler." Medical Engineering & Physics 38, no. 2 (2016): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.10.008.

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29

MARUYAMA, Yataka, Masaya TAKASAKI, Tomonori KUTAMI, and Takeshi MIZUNO. "Development of Ultrasonic Dental Scaler with A Diagnosis Function." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 72, no. 721 (2006): 2727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.72.2727.

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30

Pereira. "Ultrasonic Dental Scaler Performance Assessment with an Innovative Cavitometer." American Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 3 (2010): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2010.290.300.

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31

HAVIK, ODD E., and JOHN G. MELAND. "Dimensions of verbal denial in myocardial infarction: Correlates to 3 denial scales." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 27, no. 1 (1986): 326–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.1986.tb01211.x.

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32

Vyas, Nina, Emilia Pecheva, Hamid Dehghani, et al. "High Speed Imaging of Cavitation around Dental Ultrasonic Scaler Tips." PLOS ONE 11, no. 3 (2016): e0149804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149804.

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MARUYAMA, Yutaka, Masaya TAKASAKI, Yuji ISHINO, and Takeshi MIZUNO. "621 Development of Ultrasonic Dental Scaler With A Diagnostic Function." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2005 (2005): _621–1_—_621–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2005._621-1_.

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34

Al-Namankany, A., M. de Souza, and P. Ashley. "Evidence-based dentistry: analysis of dental anxiety scales for children." British Dental Journal 212, no. 5 (2012): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.174.

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35

Newton, Jonathon T., Kamini Mistry, Akit Patel, et al. "Stress in Dental Specialists: A Comparison of Six Clinical Dental Specialties." Primary Dental Care os9, no. 3 (2002): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/135576102322492954.

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Objective To describe and compare the levels of stress reported by dental practitioners working within clinical dental specialties. Method Questionnaire survey of 220 dental practitioners identified from the General Dental Council lists of specialist practitioners in the following clinical specialties: orthodontics, paediatric dentistry, restorative dentistry, endo-dontics, periodontology, prosthetic dentistry. Findings The clinical specialties did not differ in their reported levels of stress. Practitioners working in the field of paediatric dentistry reported the highest median levels of reported stress for three of the four scales, though this trend was not significant. Conclusions The practitioners surveyed from six clinical specialties did not experience significantly different sources of stress.

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36

Gadbury-Amyot, Cynthia C., and Karen B. Williams. "Dental Hygiene Fear: Gender and Age Differences." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 1, no. 2 (1999): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-1-2-1.

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Abstract Studies aimed at examining gender and age differences as they relate to dental anxiety have begun to appear in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to explore fear and anxiety in a dental hygiene setting and evaluate gender and age differences among four sub-scales of dental hygiene fear. The Dental Hygiene Fear Survey (DHFS) was developed to address patient reaction to dental hygiene treatment. The University of Washington Dental Fears Model was the theoretical model used for it identifies four domains of dental fear: fear of specific stimuli, generalized anxiety, fear of catastrophe, and distrust. Males and females respond differently to dental hygiene treatment with women reporting significantly (p<.05) greater fear overall than males. Examination of the four dental hygiene fear sub-scales show that females report greater fear (p<.05) in relation to specific fear and generalized anxiety. There were no significant differences across age categories on total fear scores or within any of the sub-scales. Characterization of the dental hygiene fear patient along with knowledge of procedures that elicit anxiety can assist the practitioner in recognizing dental hygiene-related fear. With this foundation, the practitioner can then develop management strategies specific to this phenomenon.

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37

Oliveira, Pedro Lima Emmerich, Andrea Fonseca Jardim da Motta, Clarice Julia Guerra, and José Nelson Mucha. "Comparison of two scales for evaluation of smile and dental attractiveness." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 20, no. 2 (2015): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.20.2.042-048.oar.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the simplified Q-sort method used to investigate the highest level of agreement among dentists, orthodontists and laypeople when assessing smile and dental attractiveness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An album containing 258 photos of 86 individuals with their lips at rest, a slight and broad smile, was assessed by 25 dentists (general clinicians and various specialties), 23 orthodontists and 27 laypeople with regard to smile and dental attractiveness. To this end, both VAS and simplified Q-sort method were used. Agreements were calculated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: For the single measurement between the VAS method and the simplified Q-sort method, all simplified Q-sort rates were higher in all groups. The simplified Q-sort method results ranged between 0.42 and 0.49 while those of the VAS method varied between 0.37 and 0.42. The simplified Q-sort method also presented higher mean measurement values (0.95 and 0.96) in comparison to VAS (0.94 and 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Both scales may be considered reliable for evaluating smile and dental attractiveness; however, the simplified Q-Sort method presented slightly higher values than the VAS method.

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Shindova, Maria P., and Ani B. Belcheva. "Behaviour Evaluation Scales For Pediatric Dental Patients – Review And Clinical Experience." Folia Medica 56, no. 4 (2014): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2015-0006.

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Abstract The present article makes a review of the relevant literature on the scales used in the assessment of behaviour of pediatric dental patients as well as presents the results we have had of using a modified Kurosu Behaviour Evaluation Scale to assess a study sample. The review makes a critical analysis of current evaluation methods and the design of assessment scales. The assessment tools most commonly used in pediatric dentistry are presented in a chronological order from the past to the present. The clinical study we conducted used a modified Behaviour Evaluation Scale developed by Kurosu for the assessment of the behaviour of children. The study showed that during dental treatment of children in the age range of 6 to 12 years the prevailing objective behaviour characteristics in accordance with Kurosu’s behaviour evaluation scale are related to the eyes and the facial expression. The findings from the literature review and the results of our study warrant further studies to develop easy-to-use assessment tools that would enhance the objective assessment of behaviour.

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Hwang, Chul Jin, Y. B. Ko, Hyung Pil Park, S. T. Chung, and Byung Ohk Rhee. "Development of Dental Scaler Tip Mold with Powder Injection Molding Process." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.345.

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With the capability of net shaping for complex 3D geometry, powder injection molding (PIM) is widely used for automotive parts, electronics and medical industry. In this study, an ultrasonic dental scaler tip produced by machining process was redesigned for the PIM process. An injection mold was designed and machined to produce the dental scaler tip by the PIM process. The mold design was aided by CAE analysis. A PIM feedstock was made of SUS316L powder and a wax based binder. The filling balance in the mold was checked by a short shot test with LDPE and the PIM feedstock. Production capability of the PIM process for the dental scaler tip was examined with the mold. Although there were minor problems such as a discoloration around the gate and a flashing at the air vent, the PIM process turned out to be an excellent substitute for machining process to manufacture the ultrasonic dental scaler tip.

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Novakowski, Gisele Caroline, Rosemara Fugi, and Norma Segatti Hahn. "Diet and dental development of three species of Roeboides (Characiformes: Characidae)." Neotropical Ichthyology 2, no. 3 (2004): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252004000300008.

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Lepidophagy has been recorded in various species of Roeboides. In this study we analyzed ontogenetic variation in diet and dental development of three Roeboides species (R. paranensis, R. prognathus and R. microlepis). Roeboides paranensis consumed mainly insects, scales and microcrustaceans, and the smaller individuals (<3.4 cm - SL) consumed mostly insects. Scale were only consumed by individuals greater than 3.4 cm. Scales were the dominant item in the diet in all sizes of R. prognathus. The diet of R. microlepis was composed primarily of whole fishes, however, the smaller individuals (<5.4 cm) consumed only insects. During ontogeny, exterior migration of teeth in the mouth started at 3.7 cm in R. paranensis and 6.5 cm in R. microlepis. As body length increased more teeth migrated exteriorly. This leads to greater consumption of scales by three species. Roeboides prognathus appeared to be most specialized on scales, since they composed 80% of the diet, and was the species with the highest number of external teeth and the most developed.

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Leko, Jasna, Tomislav Škrinjarić, and Kristina Goršeta. "Reliability and Validity of Scales for Assessing Child Dental Fear and Anxiety." Acta Stomatologica Croatica 54, no. 1 (2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15644/asc54/1/3.

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Lea, S. C., and G. Landini. "Reconstruction of dental ultrasonic scaler 3D vibration patterns from phase-related data." Medical Engineering & Physics 32, no. 6 (2010): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.02.010.

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Berggren, Ulf, and Sven G. Carlsson. "Usefulness of two psychometric scales in Swedish patients with severe dental fear." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 13, no. 2 (1985): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1985.tb01679.x.

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Anisimova, E. N., N. Yu Anisimova, O. S. Kovylina, and I. A. Kravchenko. "Assessment of pain and pain relief in children at a dental appointment." Pediatric dentistry and dental profilaxis 20, no. 2 (2020): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3031-2020-20-2-101-104.

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Relevance. Subjective assessment of pain in children is traditionally implemented using visual analogue scales. The need for comfortable dental treatment in children is obvious, therefore, in order to obtain the most reliable data, it is necessary to develop pain rating scales and the effectiveness of pain management in accordance with the age of the child.Purpose. Development of visual analogue scales designed to assess the effectiveness of pain relief when performing outpatient dental interventions in children, depending on the age of the child.Materials and methods. A visual analogue scale was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of pain relief in children at an outpatient dental appointment, in accordance with the age of the child. 100 patients aged 4 to 12 years were examined.Results. The reaction and behaviour of the child during dental treatment using local anesthesia were the basis of the designed pain rating scales. In the age group of 4-7 years, the visual analogue scale was filled in by the doctor, the child and the parent, and in the second group of patients aged 7 to 12 years, the scale was filled in by the child and the doctor, since in this age category children could independently correlate themselves with the picture on the scale.Conclusions. The designed scales of subjective assessment of the effectiveness of local anesthesia in children allow to determine the quality of the studied methods and means of local anesthesia in pediatric dental practice.

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Mekarski, J. E., and B. A. Richardson. "Toward Convergent Validation of Children's Dental Anxiety and Disruptiveness Ratings." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 3_suppl (1997): 1155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3f.1155.

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An Anxiety Rating scale was given to 130 parents who assessed their children's anticipatory fear of dentistry. These ratings were related to a Treatment Disruptiveness scale completed by a paedodontist immediately after treatment. Internal consistencies (a) of both were >.80. Scores on the two scales were significantly correlated, and results were replicated with a new sample of 194 children. Scores on both scales were significantly correlated with suppression of play activity scores and with severity of dental work. Younger children were more disruptive during treatment than older ones. Preliminary convergent validation suggests that with further development, the parents' Anxiety Rating and play suppression might prove useful in predicting children's anxiety.

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Johnson, George, and Anthony Blinkhorn. "Assessment of a dental rural teaching program." European Journal of Dentistry 06, no. 03 (2012): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698956.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a rural clinical placement on students’ self-perceived clinical skills and work location choice post-graduationMethods: A one month rural placement program was introduced in 2008-2009 for 4th year dental undergraduates. Student’s views on the rural exercise were collected by pre and post self-completion questionnaires, which were distributed to rural placement students and to the students who did not participate in the placement. Information was collected on self-reported skill levels in various clinical techniques using Likert scales and future rural work intentions. Clinical supervisors and University Faculty Members opinions on the students clinical work were also collected via interviewsResults: A one month rural placement program was introduced in 2008-2009 for 4th year dental undergraduates. Student’s views on the rural exercise were collected by pre and post self-completion questionnaires, which were distributed to rural placement students and to the students who did not participate in the placement. Information was collected on self-reported skill levels in various clinical techniques using Likert scales and future rural work intentions. Clinical supervisors and University Faculty Members opinions on the students clinical work were also collected via interviewsConclusions: The rural placement improved the self-perceived clinical skills of the volunteers and enhanced positive attitudes towards working in a rural location. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:235-243)

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Nismal, Harfindo, Nur Indrawati Lipoeto, and Siti Rahmah. "IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PADA AIR DI WATERLINE (SALURAN AIR) DENTAL UNIT RUMAH SAKIT GIGI DAN MULUT FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS." Cakradonya Dental Journal 9, no. 1 (2018): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/cdj.v9i1.9875.

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Kontrol infeksi adalah suatu upaya pencegahan penyebaran mikroorganisme, baik dari pasien ke pasien lainnya, pasien ke operator, operator ke pasien, operator ke lingkungan dan lingkungan ke pasien. Kontrol infeksi yang efektif adalah salah satu indikator penting menunjukkan tercapainya pelaksanaan pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung jumlah koloni dan mengidentifikasi bakteri pada air yang melewati Dental Unit Waterline (DUWL) di dental unit Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut (RSGM) Universitas Andalas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara menampung air dari high-speed handpiece, water syringe dan ultrasonic scaler. Berdasarkan rumus penelitian Federer (2007) diperoleh sebanyak 9 sampel dalam satu kelompok alat. Sehingga sampel seluruhnya berjumlah 27. Pengambilan sampel didapat menggunakan metode acak sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 22 sampel air terkontaminasi oleh bakteri, 4 diantaranya tidak sesuai dengan standar ADA. Kontaminasi bakteri kokus Gram positif sebanyak 8 sampel dan basil Gram negatif sebanyak 16 sampel. Bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae ditemukan pada 2 sampel air yang melalui water syringe. Jadi, dental unit waterline (saluran air) pada dental unit berpotensi sebagai sumber mikroorganisme. Kata Kunci: infeksi, bakteri, waterline, handpiece, syringe

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MARUYAMA, Yutaka, Masaya TAKASAKI, Tomonori Kutami, Yuji ISHINO, and Takeshi MIZUNO. "415 Proposal of Diagnosis using Ultrasonic Dental Scaler with Resonance Frequency Tracing System." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2007 (2007): _415–1_—_415–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2007._415-1_.

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Brennan, DS, and AJ Spencer. "Development and testing of revised practice belief scales among private general dental practitioners." Australian Dental Journal 53, no. 3 (2008): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00052.x.

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Go, Hye-Bin, Jae-Yun Bang, Kyoung-Nam Kim, Kwang-Mahn Kim, and Jae-Sung Kwon. "Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of Commercial Stainless Steel Used in Dental Instruments." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040827.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the element composition and grain size of commercial dental instruments used for ultrasonic scaler tips, which are composed of stainless-steel materials. The differences in mechanical properties and wear resistances were compared. The samples were classified into 4 groups in accordance with the manufacturer, Electro Medical Systems, 3A MEDES, DMETEC and OSUNG MND, and the element compositions of each stainless-steel ultrasonic scaler tip were analyzed with micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μXRF) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). One-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in shear strength and Vickers hardness among the stainless-steel ultrasonic scaler tips depending on the manufacturer (p < 0.05). The mass before and after wear were found to have no significant difference among groups (p > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in the wear volume loss (p < 0.05). The results were then correlated with μXRF results as well as observations of grain size with optical microscopy, which concluded that the Fe content and the grain size of the stainless steel have significant impacts on strength. Additionally, stainless-steel ultrasonic scaler tips with higher Vickers hardness values showed greater wear resistance, which would be an important wear characteristic for clinicians to check.

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