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Bergamaschi, Cristiane de Cássia. "Avaliação clinica do metronidazol em formulação gel e comprimido em fumantes com periodontite cronica." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288950.
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Orientador: Francisco Carlos GroppoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T23:25:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bergamaschi_CristianedeCassia_D.pdf: 2052308 bytes, checksum: b1179c44a980353d8216c7fb92cdc21a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Foram objetivos deste estudo: 1) comparar o efeito das formulações (gel e comprimido) de metronidazol (Mtz) sobre o debridamento periodontal (DP) em pacientes fumantes; 2) comparar as concentrações plasmáticas (CP) e salivares (CS) destas formulações; 3) determinar a farmacocinética do Mtz em comprimido; e 4) avaliar o efeito do fumo na biodisponibilidade do Mtz comprimido. Cada objetivo constituiu um capítulo do estudo. Capítulo 1: 30 fumantes com periodontite crônica foram aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos: DP associado com 3 g de gel placebo; DP associado com aplicação tópica diária de 3 g de gel de benzoato de Mtz e; DP associado com dose oral única diária de 750 mg de Mtz (Flagyl®). Foram avaliados: Índice de Placa (IP), Índice de Sangramento Gengival (ISG), Profundidade à Sondagem (PS) e Nível Clínico de Inserção relativo (NIC); nos tempos: pré-operatório, baseline, e após 30, 90 e 180 dias do tratamento periodontal. Nenhuma diferença significante foi observada entre os grupos para todos os parâmetros e tempos avaliados. Houve uma significante redução no ISG, PS e NIC em todos os tempos comparados ao baseline (p<0,05). Capítulo 2: 13 voluntários sadios receberam aleatoriamente dose oral única de 750mg de Mtz ou 3g de gel Mtz (15%). Amostras de plasma e saliva foram colhidas em diferentes tempos após administração. Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) foi usada para quantificar as CP e CS do Mtz. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos concentração máxima (Cmax), área sob a curva de zero ao infinito (ASC0-inf), área sob a curva de zero a t (ASC0-t), volume de distribuição (VD) e clearence renal (CL) foram determinados. As CP do Mtz foram maiores que as CS nos períodos de 6 a 24 horas para o comprimido (p<0,05). Os parâmetros ASC0-inf e ASC0-t foram maiores no plasma que na saliva (p<0,05). As concentrações plasmáticas e salivares foram similares para a formulação gel (p>0,05). Capítulo 3: 13 fumantes (F) e 13 nãofumantes (NF) receberam dose oral única de 750mg Mtz. Amostras de plasma e saliva foram colhidas em diferentes tempos após administração. A CLAE foi usada para quantificar as CP e CS do Mtz. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos AUC, Cmax, Tmax, VD e CL foram determinados. Foram observadas redução significante nas concentrações plasmáticas no grupo F comparada ao NF em 1, 1,5 e 2 horas após a administração e na Cmax plasmática (p<0,05). Nenhuma diferença foi observada entre os grupos na concentração e nos parâmetros farmacocinéticos do Mtz em saliva (p>0,05). Conclusão geral: 1) Não houve vantagem clínica no uso do Mtz associado ao DP; 2) A formulação em gel produziu igual disponibilidade de Mtz no plasma e na saliva; 3) Alguns dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos do Mtz foram maiores no plasma que na saliva para o comprimido; 4) O fumo interferiu apenas na biodisponibilidade plasmática do Mtz.
Abstract: The aim of this study were 1) to compare the effect of metronidazole (Mtz) gel and tablet on debridement periodontal (DP) in smokers; 2) to compare Mtz gel and tablet concentrations in both blood plasma and saliva; 3) to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of Mtz tablet; and 4) to verify the effect of cigarette smoking on bioavailability of Mtz tablet. This study was divided in three chapters. Chapter 1: 30 patients smokers with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned into 3 groups: PD combined with 3 g placebo gel; PD combined with daily topical application of 3 g Mtz benzoate gel (15%); and PD combined with a daily single dose of 750 mg Mtz (Flagyl®). Clinical parameters evaluated were visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and relative attachment level (RAL) which were assessed preoperatively, baseline, and after 1, 3 and 6 months after PD. No significant difference was observed among the groups, considering all parameters tested (p>0.05). In all groups was observed a significant reduction in GBI, PPD and RAL, at all times compared to baseline (p<0.05). Chapter 2: 13 volunteers randomly received 750 mg single oral dose FLagyl® and 3 g Mtz benzoate gel (15%). Blood and saliva samples were collected in different times after gel application and oral administration of Mtz. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify plasmatic (PC) and salivary (SC) concentrations of Mtz. Pharmacokinetic parameters determined were: the highest concentration (Cmax), the time at which Cmax ocurred (Tmax), the area under concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0-¥), the area under concentration-time curve from zero to t (AUC0-t), distribution volume (VD) and renal clearance (CL). Plasma showed higher Mtz concentration from 6 to 24 hours after drug administration and the highest values concerning Tmax, AUC0-48h and AUC0-¥ than those obtained in saliva (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between SC and PC for Mtz gel considering all periods tested (p>0.05). Chapter 3: 13 smokers (S) and 13 non-smokers (NS) received a single oral dose of 750 mg Mtz tablet. Blood and saliva samples were collected in different times after oral administration of Mtz. HPLC was used to quantify plasmatic and salivary Mtz concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters (ASC, Cmax, Tmax, VD and CL) were determined. A significant reduction in plasmatic Mtz concentration was observed in S compared to NS at 1, 1.5 and 2 hours after administration and in Cmax to plasma (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in Mtz concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters in saliva (p>0.05). Conclusions: 1) Mtz did not improve the clinical outcomes provided by PD alone; 2) Gel and tablet formulations had similar Mtz bioavailability in plasma and saliva; 3) Some pharmacokinetic parameters were higher in plasma than in saliva concerning Mtz tablet. 4) Smoking interfered with the plasmatic Mtz bioavailability but not the salivary.
Doutorado
Farmacologia, Anestesiologia e Terapeutica
Doutor em Odontologia
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Hegde, Rachana Ashok. "Variation in Treatment Decisions Among AAP-Certified Specialists in Periodontology." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1403890550.
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Chien, Ming. "Comparison of Anti-inflammatory Effects Produced in Gingiva by Metronidazole and Azithromycin." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1402670626.
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Johnson, David Clark. "The Prevalence of the Need for Esthetic Crown Lengthening in Post Orthodontically Treated Subjects." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1525.
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The problem of excess gingival display is difficult to diagnose and treat. By studying one aspect of excess gingival display, namely the size relationships of the clinical crowns of teeth, we can begin to quantify reasonable goals of therapy. In this study, two hundred plaster models were used as subjects. These represented two hundred patients before and after orthodontic therapy. The six anterior teeth were measured for length and width and compared to known ideals. Teeth that did not meet ideal standards may require treatment. It was found that the mean tooth length after orthodontic therapy was approximately two millimeters shorter than ideal. The length of maxillary central incisors did not increase over the course of therapy. Eighty-five to ninety percent of maxillary central incisors exceeded allowable tooth width-to-length ratios. Twenty-nine to thirty percent of central incisors exceeded one hundred percent in their width-to-length ratio. Sixty-eight percent of patients displayed asymmetry in gingival architecture.
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Zemanovich, Mark Roy. "Demographic Variables Affecting Patient Referrals from General Practice Dentists to Periodontists." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1382.
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BackgroundWithin dentistry, a limited body of literature exists regarding the referral relationships between general practitioners (GPs) and specialists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the referral relationship between GPs and periodontists within the state of Virginia. MethodsA survey focused on the demographic variables in the referral relationship between GPs and periodontists was developed. The survey was mailed to 800 dentists throughout the state of Virginia. Descriptive statistics was completed along with multivariate logistic regression analysis comparing the responses with the number of patients referred per month to a periodontist. ResultsFemale respondents were more likely to refer three or more patients per month to a periodontist than a male respondent (pConclusion This study indicates that four demographic variables have a statistical influence on the number of referrals per month from a GP to a periodontist. These variables are: female gender, practicing with one other dentist, employing two or more hygienists, and being greater than five miles away from the nearest periodontist.
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Nesmith, Elizabeth Ann Gerow. "Alveolar Bone Levels in Adults." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1561129672276118.
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Altabtbaei, Khaled. "Comparative Analysis of Aggressive Periodontitis." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1568628251123148.
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Marantz, Corin. "Periodontal Resident Self-Assessment of Ergonomics Before and After Videotaped Surgeries." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2684.
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Objective: To examine whether self-assessment of videotaped surgeries helps improve periodontal residents’ ergonomics. Methods: Residents (n=8) provided self-assessments of their own ergonomics while performing periodontal surgery using a questionnaire with open and closed items. Results were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative means. Results: Comparison of responses resulted in a change between Pre-video Surgery 1 and PSV1 (p<0.05) and between the three occasions for flat foot and horizontal shoulder positions (p<0.05). Resident goals were most numerous for improving positions of shoulder, back and neck and most notable responses for failure to achieve goals were the need for surgical access and being too focused the procedure. Conclusions: Videotape review is a valid means of self-assessment. Intervention solely in the form of a questionnaire and videotape review was insufficient in its ability to change the residents’ ergonomics. Barriers to implementation of proper ergonomics were identified.
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White, John H. "The Periodontal Specialty: A Survey Regarding Our Future." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5288.
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Purpose: To determine the characteristics influencing periodontal practices in Virginia and report on the anticipated changes in practice.
Methods: A REDCap survey was emailed to Virginia based American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) members assessing personal and practice demographics, trends in dental treatment and practice models, and how periodontists will adjust to account for these trends.
Results: The response rate was 31% (n=46). Respondents report greater referrals from more experienced general practitioners (GPs). Student debt was associated with age. Respondents ranked biologic advances, treatment of peri-implantitis, digital dentistry, development of corporate and group practice models, and GPs incorporating more periodontal services in their practices as most likely to impact periodontal practices. The most reported periodontal practice adjustments included expansion of existing services, increasing the number of periodontists in the practice, and joining with other specialists or GPs to create group practices.
Conclusions: Periodontists perceive the need to expand services, increase number of providers in their practices or create group practice models as future practice adjustments.
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Salzberg, Trang Nguyen. "C-reactive Protein Levels in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis Patients." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1028.
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Background: There is mounting evidence to indicate that periodontitis may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Periodontitis may be linked to CVD as either an etiologic mechanism or a predisposing factor that can hasten disease progression. Proinflammatory cytokines, elevated fibrinogen, and platelet aggregation are all potential mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to compare and review the serological differences in subjects with severe periodontitis, some of which involve established risk factors for atherosclerosis, particularly heightened C-reactive protein levels. Methods: A total of 184 subjects, comprising of two periodontal subgroups, non-periodontal (NP = 91) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (SP = 93), had serum evaluated for C-reactive protein (CRP) levels using a high sensitive ELISA test. The CRP levels were compared against clinical and demographical data to include race, age, gender, number of teeth, probing depth, attachment level, bleeding index, plaque index, and gingival index. Results: After adjusting for potential confounding variables, probing depth (p Conclusion: Pocket depth is significantly related to elevated levels of CRP, which is why it is imperative to treat periodontal pockets. This study may provide a possible link between CRP and periodontal disease, but a causal relationship cannot be inferred.
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Ficca, Matthew D. "THE EFFECT OF NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL THERAPY ON SERUM LEVELS OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND HUMAN SOLUBLE CD40 LIGAND." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/41.
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Evidence linking periodontitis and cardiovascular disease points to systemic inflammation as the primary etiology. The investigation into this association has focused on periodontitis as a low grade chronic infection, and subsequently, systemic inflammation and the cascade of numerous markers and mediators integrally involved in the human inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to measure the differences in circulating levels of C-reactive protein and human soluble CD40 ligand as markers and mediators of systemic inflammation in the serum of patients with moderate to severe periodontitis before, during, and after non-surgical periodontal therapy.Twenty-one patients were treated with full mouth scaling and root planing performed on two separate appointments spaced approximately 2 weeks apart. The third visit, an evaluation of non-surgical therapy, occurred 8 weeks after completion of scaling and root planing. Blood samples were procured from each patient at the first and second appointment prior to scaling and root planing and again at a third visit. CRP and sCD40 ligand levels were measured using ELISA. CRP levels remained relatively constant throughout the study maintaining a mean level of 2.44 mg/L at visit 1, 2.53 mg/L at visit 2, and 2.63 mg/L at visit 3. These differences were not statistically significant. sCD40 ligand mean levels were reported to be 847.7 pg/mL, 637.3 pg/mL, and 859.5 pg/mL, respectively for visits 1, 2, and 3. These values were not statistically significant. Within the limitations of this study, no evidence was found to directly relate non-surgical periodontal therapy with the lowering of systemic markers CRP and human soluble CD40 ligand.
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Reddy, Bindu. "Interleukin-6 Levels in Generalized and Localized Aggressive Periodontitis Patients." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1284.
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AbstractINTERLEUKIN-6 LEVELS IN GENERALIZED AND LOCALIZED AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS PATIENTSBy Bindu Reddy, D.D.S.A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the Virginia Commonwealth UniversityVirginia Commonwealth University, 2004Major Director: Joseph V. Califano, D.D.S., Ph.D.Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving the supporting structures of the dentition. Many studies have shown that there is a relationship between periodontal disease, the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and systemic disease such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to measure serum Interleukin-6 levels in generalized and localized aggressive periodontitis and non-periodontitis patients and look for relationships with measures of disease severity. We also examined variables known to have a relationship with IL-6. A total of 172 subjects, comprising three periodontal subgroups, non-periodontitis (NP=61), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP=77), and localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP= 34), had serum samples evaluated for IL-6 levels using a highly sensitive ELISA test. The IL-6 levels were compared with clinical and demographic data including age, race, gender, number of teeth, probing depth, attachment loss, bleeding index, plaque index, gingival index, cotinine levels, smoking status, and CRP levels. Using multiple regression analysis, smoking status (p=0.0015) was the only variable found to have a significant relationship with IL-6 levels for all three groups.
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Diehl, Jeremy Howard. "CHANGES IN SERUM ICAM-1, SERUM VCAM-1, AND SERUM E-SELECTIN CONCENTRATION FOLLOWING PERIODONTAL SCALING AND ROOT PLANING." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/133.
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Cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) and selectins are cell-surface proteins involved in the binding of cells to the vascular endothelium. Elevated levels of sCAMs and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) have been reported in patients with periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine if periodontal scaling and root planing would influence the serum concentration of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-selectin. Twenty-one subjects with chronic periodontitis received scaling and root planing in conjunction with blood serum sample analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to determine if periodontal instrumentation results in changes in serum concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-selectin. No change was observed in serum concentration of sICAM-1 or sVCAM-1. However, in a subset of 17 patients a statistically significant change in serum sE-selectin was observed (P < 0.05). This suggests that there is a decrease in endothelial activation following periodontal treatment.
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Santamaria, Mauro Pedrine. "Tratamento cirurgico-restaurador de recessão gengival associada a lesão cervical não-cariosa : resultados de diferentes abordagens e fatores locais contribuintes." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290824.
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Orientador: Enilson Antonio SallumTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T12:01:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santamaria_MauroPedrine_D.pdf: 1906873 bytes, checksum: 996991755e8909f6c85dd127ec284d0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Recessões gengivais estão freqüentemente associadas às lesões cervicais não-cariosas. O tratamento dessa lesão combinada é um desafio. Trabalhos recentes têm apresentado resultados de tratamento conjunto de cirurgia periodontal e dentística restauradora para tratamento da lesão combinada. Porém nenhum trabalho demonstrou resultados de longo prazo desse tipo de abordagem, além de variações desse tratamento e dos fatores anatômicos locais que poderiam influenciar na resultado dessas terapias. Portanto, os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1. Apresentar os resultados após 2 anos de tratamento de recessões gengivais associadas à lesões cervicais tratadas com retalho posicionado coronariamente (RPC) sozinho ou associado à restauração de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina (CIV). 2. Avaliar os resultados, após 6 meses de tratamento do enxerto de tecido conjuntivo (ETC) associado ou não à restauração de CIV para tratamento da lesão combinada. 3. Avaliar a possível influência das características anatômicas locais no recobrimento das lesões combinadas tratadas pelas técnicas do retalho posicionado coronariamente e pelo enxerto de tecido conjuntivo. Para o primeiro objetivo, foi realizado um estudo clínico controlado e randomizado que foram incluídos 16 indivíduos apresentando duas recessões gengivais bilaterais associadas à lesões cervicais em caninos ou pré-molares superiores. Os defeitos foram tratados com RPC sozinho ou associado à restauração de CIV. Os resultados não demonstraram diferença significante entre os grupos após 2 anos com relação à redução da recessão gengival, ganho no nível clínico de inserção e sangramento à sondagem. Para o segundo objetivo, foi realizado um estudo clinico controlado e randomizado que foram incluídos 40 indivíduos apresentando uma recessão gengival associada à lesão cervical em caninos ou pré-molares superiores. Os defeitos foram tratados com ETC sozinho ou associado à restauração de CIV. Os resultados não demonstraram diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos após 6 meses com relação à redução da recessão gengival, ganho no nível clínico de inserção, ganho de tecido queratinizado e sangramento à sondagem. No entanto, o grupo que recebeu ETC e a restauração de CIV foi estatisticamente melhor na redução da hipersensibilidade dentinária. Para o terceiro objetivo, as características anatômicas locais dos indivíduos dos dois estudos clínicos prévios foram medidas e analisadas através de regressão linear multipla. Os resultados demonstraram correlação estatisticamente significante entre a profundidade da lesão cervical não-cariosa e o a redução na recessão gengival quando RPC foi utilizado de forma isolada. A altura da lesão combinada também apresentou correlação estatisticamente significante com a redução da recessão gengival para ambos os estudos. Além disso, a deiscência óssea apresentou correlação estatisticamente significante quando ETC foi utilizado. Dentro dos limites desse estudo, pode-se concluir que a restauração de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina parece não interferir no recobrimento da lesão combinada após 2 anos de avaliação, quando o retalho posicionado coronariamente foi utilizado e após 6 meses quando o enxerto de tecido conjuntivo foi utilizado. A profundidade da lesão cervical pode ter alguma influência quando RPC é utilizado e a deiscência óssea parece não interferir negativamente no recobrimento quando ETC foi utilizado.
Abstract: Gingival recessions are frequently associated with non-carious cervical lesion. Previous studies have shown results from a combined treatment (periodontal surgery plus restoration of the cervical lesion) to deal with the association of these two lesions. However, there is lack of information regarding the long term evaluation of the combined treatment. Moreover, no additional information regarding other surgical techniques and the influence of the local anatomical characteristics have not been evaluated. Thus, the objectives of this study were: 1. Evaluate the 2-year-follow-up outcome of the treatment of gingival recession associated with non-carious cervical lesions by coronally advanced flap alone (CAF), or in combination with a resin-modified glass ionomer restoration 2. Evaluate the 6-month-follow-up outcome of the treatment of gingival recession associated with cervical lesion by connective tissue graft alone (CTG), or in combination with a resin-modified glass ionomer restoration, and 3. Evaluate the possible influence of local anatomy on the amount of soft tissue coverage achieved and on the clinical attachment gain by the use of CAF and CTG, alone or in combination with resin-modified glass ionomer restoration to treat the combined defect. For the first objective, 16 patients with bilateral Miller Class I buccal gingival recessions, associated with non-carious cervical lesions were selected. The defects received either CAF alone or CAF plus a resin-modified glass ionomer restoration. The results showed that both groups showed statistically significant soft tissue coverage. The differences between groups were not statistically significant in reduction of gingival recession, gain in the clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing after 2 years. For the second objective, 40 patients with Miller Class I buccal gingival recessions, associated with non-carious cervical lesions were enrolled. The defects were randomly assigned to receive either CTG alone or CTG plus a resin-modified glass ionomer restoration. The results showed that both groups showed statistically significant soft tissue coverage. The differences between groups were not statistically significant in gingival recession, gain in the clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing, after 6 months. However, the group CTG plus the restoration showed statistically significant reduction in dentin sensitivity when compared to CTG alone. For the third objective, the local anatomical characteristics from the patients enrolled in the 2 previous studies were correlated with the reduction of the gingival recession and the gain in the clinical attachment level using Stepwise Multivariate Linear Regression. The results showed that the cervical lesion depth was significantly correlated with reduction in gingival recession, when considering data from the CAF group. The cervical lesion height was statistically correlated with the reduction in gingival recession when the two groups were analyzed. Additionally, the bone level was statistically correlated with reduction in gingival recession when evaluating the CTG group. Within the limits of the present study it can be concluded that the presence of the resin-modified glass ionomer restoration may not interfere with the amount of coverage achieved either by CAF after 2 years or CTG after 6 months. The cervical lesion depth may have some influence on the final coverage achieved when CAF is applied and the bone level may not play any role when CTG is applied.
Doutorado
Periodontia
Doutor em Clínica Odontológica
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Santamaria, Mauro Pedrine. "Cirurgia periodontal associada a restauração de ionomero de vidro modificado por resina para tratamento de dentes com recessão gengival e lesão cervical não-cariosa." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290847.
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Orientadores: Enilson Antonio Sallum, Marcio Zaffalon CasatiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar clinicamente o recobrimento radicular obtido em recessões gengivais associadas à lesão cervical não-cariosa tratadas com retalho posicionado coronariamente, associado ou não à restauração de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina. Foram selecionados 19 pacientes com recessões gengivais bilaterais comparáveis, associadas à lesões cervicais não cariosas. Os dentes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente para compor o grupo teste: retalho posicionado coronariamente associado à restauração da lesão cervical com ionômero de vidro modificado por resina, ou o grupo controle: retalho posicionado coronariamente associado ao desgaste e regularização da superfície radicular. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: profundidade de sondagem, sangramento à sondagem, nível de inserção clínica, recessão gengival, hipersensibilidade cervical e altura de tecido queratinizado antes dos tratamentos, 45, 60, 90 e 180 dias após. Após 6 meses, as porcentagens médias de recobrimento da altura da lesão cervical não-cariosa foram de 56,14±11,74 para o grupo teste e 59,78±11,11 para o grupo controle, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante. Foi encontrada diferença (p=0,04) na profundidade de sondagem aos 90 dias em favor do grupo teste. Porém essa diferença não se manteve no período final de avaliação. Foi notada diferença estatisticamente significante quando a hipersensibilidade cervical foi analisada. O grupo teste mostrou-se mais eficaz na resolução desse sintoma (p=0,002). Nos demais parâmetros, não houve diferenças significantes. Dentro dos limites do presente estudo, pode-se concluir que ambos os tratamentos foram efetivos e que a presença da restauração de íonômero de vidro modificado por resina não interfere na taxa de recobrimento quando o retalho posicionado coronariamente é utilizado para tratamento de recessão de tecido gengival classe I de Miller associada à lesão cervical não-cariosa
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the root coverage and the gingival margin stability after coronally advanced flap with or without glass ionomer restoration to treat gingival recession associated with non-carious cervical lesion. Nineteen patients who presented bilateral gingival recession associated with a non-carious cervical lesion were selected. The sites were randomly assigned to the test group: coronally advanced flap plus the non-carious cervical lesion restoration performed with resin glass ionomer cement or to the control group: coronally advanced flap plus scaling and root planning. Probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, dentin sensitivity and keratinized tissue height were measured at baseline, 45, 60, 90 and 180 days after surgery. Average percentage rates of root coverage for test and control group were 56.14% and 59.78%, respectively. At all postoperative evaluations, both treatments result in significant (p<0.05) recession reduction. No significant statistical difference between test and control was observed regarding root coverage. A significant difference (p=0.04) between test and control was found for probing depth at 90 days. The test group was better; however this difference was not seen at 180 days. A significant difference (p=0.002) was found for dentin sensitivity when control and test were compared. The test group showed better results regarding this parameter. When the other parameters were compared between the two groups, o difference was found. According to the findings of this investigation we can provide hat the presence of the glass ionomer restoration does not interfere with root coverage achieved by coronally advanced fla
Mestrado
Periodontia
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
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Rastogi, Amal. "Heritability of Autoantibody Levels in a Twin Population." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1854.
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AIM: This study aims to determine what portion of specific autoantibody phenotypes are genetically determined by using a twin model. METHODS: This study specifically examines Anti-Ro(SSA), Anti-La (SSB), Anti-Sn/RNP, Anti-Sm, Anti-Jo-1, Anti-Scl-70, Anti-Tg & Anti-TPO, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-PS, and Anti-cardiolipin antibodies for their heritability. This study examined 104 same-sex adult twins (66 monozygous, 38 dizygous) for the above mentioned autoantibody values. The serum autoantibody values in each subject were quantified using automated ELISA. Descriptive statistics including, distributions, quantiles, and moments were calculated by zygosity for continuous antibody values, subject ages, gender, race and smoking status. Categorical antibody levels were used to determine twin pair concordance rates. Continuous and rank ordered autoantibody values were used to determine the presence and portion of a genetic component. To evaluate how strongly the antibody values in each twin group resembled each other, the intraclass correlation was calculated for each antibody by zygosity. The genetic variances, environmental variances, and heritability were estimated using path models with maximum likelihood estimation techniques. The phenotypic variance was modeled as a linear function of underlying additive genetic (A), dominant genetic (D), common environmental (C), and random environmental (E) effects. RESULTS: Several antibodies demonstrated a genetic component in our study population. Anti-cardiolipin had a genetic component with an estimated 69% heritability. Anti-dsDNA yielded a genetic component with a heritability estimate of 55-62%. Anti-Jo-1 presented a genetic component with the heritability estimate to be 41-51%. Anti-SCL-70 demonstrated a genetic component with a heritability estimate of 42-59%. Anti-PL had a genetic component with a heritability estimate of 52-54%. Several antibodies did not have a measurable genetic component. These included anti-Sm, anti-Ro(SSA), anti-La(SSB), anti-sn/RNP, anti-Tg, and anti-TPO. Some possibilities for the lack of a measureable genetic component may be due to the limited number of discordant twin pairs and/or the small number of subjects with higher levels of antibodies. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest several clinically relevant markers of auto-immunity may be partially genetically determined. These include: anti-cardiolipin, anti-dsDNA, anti-Jo-1, anti-SCL-70, and anti-phospholid.
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Chou, Melanie. "FREQUENCY OF TLR-2, 4, 9 AND CD14 POLYMORPHISMS IN AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS POPULATION IN AFRICAN-AMERICANS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1845.
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Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various pattern recognition receptor (PRR) genes, including Toll like receptors (TLR) -2, -4, -9, and CD14 in chronic (CP), localized (LAP) and generalized aggressive (GAP) periodontitis and periodontally healthy (NP) patients in an African American population. Methods: A total of 205 subjects were involved in the study. The LAP group consists of 25 subjects, the GAP group 50 subjects, the CP group 73 subjects and the NP group 57subjects. Genotyping was performed in TLR2 (G2408A), TLR4 (A896G),TLR9 (T1486C) and CD14 (C260T) genes by TaqMan® allelic discrimination using Assay-by-DesignSM SNP Genotyping Assays (Applied Biosystems). Accuracy of genotyping was confirmed by known DNA samples of each genotype and by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses on selected samples. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square analyses were performed to compare genotype and allele frequencies. Within disease groups, we investigated whether SNPs were related to disease severity by step-wise logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, and smoking status. Results: There was a significant difference in the distribution of specific TLR9 (T1486C) genotypes between diseased-groups versus reference group. Expression of TT genotype was more prevelant in periodontally-diseased individuals compared to periodontally-healthy subjects (p<0.0001) whereas individuals expressing C allele of the TLR9 SNP (CC&CT) were more frequently found in healthy group after adjusting for age, gender, and smoking status (p<0.0001) There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between groups for any other TLRs or CD 14 polymorphism. Conclusion: Based on findings of this study, homozygocity for the T allele of TLR 9 polymorphism was related to the periodontal disease susceptibility in African Americans. Additionally, presence of C allele at TLR-9 appeared to confer resistance to periodontal destruction. Our results showed that specific SNPs in TLR-2, -4 and CD 14 genes are not related to periodontitis in African Americans. However, low copy number of certain alleles warrants further investigations with increased sample size to explore the role of SNPs in periodontal disease. This study was supported by the Alexander Fellowship.
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Fletcher, Robert Lee III. "The Association Between Periodontal Disease and C-Reactive Protein In Patients With a History Of Heart Attack." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1528.
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The patient population consisted of a maximum of 18,570 subjects who completed the NHANES III questionnaire and examination from 1988 - 1994. The physical examination included such things as body mass index and serum samples, social and medical history. The periodontal examination recorded probing depth, attachment loss and gingival bleeding. Serum samples were analyzed for CRP levels, cholesterol levels etc. Demographic, cardiovascular and oral health variables were compared in subjects with a history of heart attack. Result showed that history of heart attack is associated with increased odds ratio for elevated CRP, diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, male gender, non-white race and smoking. Of the periodontal indicators of disease, only gingival bleeding had an increased odds ratio for association with heart attack history. The unadjusted odds ratio was 1.25 with 95% CI[0.84-1.87]. The adjusted odds ratio increase to 1.93 with 95% CI [1.02-3.71]. These findings are consistent with previous research indicating that elevated CRP is associated with increased risk of heart attack. The interesting finding of this study is that only gingival bleeding, not probing depth or attachment loss, had an increased odds ratio for an associated with self-reported history of heart attack.
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Bohlen, William. "Factors Affecting Gingival Excess, Altered Passive Eruption and Recession in the Mandibular Anterior and Premolar Sites." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2213.
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Abstract FACTORS AFFECTING GINGIVAL EXCESS, ALTERED PASSIVE ERUPTION AND RECESSION IN THE MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR AND PREMOLAR SITES By William F Bohlen, D.M.D. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010 Major Director: Thomas Waldrop, DDS, MS Program director, Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting gingival excess, altered passive eruption and recession. METHODS: 100 subjects were examined clinically and models of their mandible were fabricated. Demographic, periodontal and cast measurements were recorded for each subject. Measurements were made on casts with digital calipers and included clinical crown length, clinical crown width, papillary height and gingival width. The W:L ratio was calculated and the proportion compared to the maxillary arch ideal of .80. Values greater than .80 were used as a cutoff point for defining gingival excess. Measures of periodontal health were also examined and included probing depths, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing. Other patient variables examined were history of orthodontics, presence of occlusal and incisal wear, presence of parafunctional habits, subjective appearance of gummy smile and biotype. RESULTS: The mean W:L ratio was found to be 79.6 %. Tooth type (p<0.001), gender (p<0.0237) and biotype (p<0.0081) were found to significantly contribute to a W:L ratio >.80. There was a significant correlation between the subjective appearance of gingival excess and the W:L ratio, regardless of biotype. There was no association between recession and gingival excess. CONCLUSION: Subjectively, 17% of the study subjects had gingival excess. When the author (WB) made the determination that gingival excess was present, there was a significant increase in the W:L ratio for all teeth, regardless of biotype versus teeth without the presence of gingival excess. Proposed ideal W:L ratios for the mandibular anterior teeth from the second premolar to central incisor are listed in Table 11.
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Maughan, Willard. "The Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Toll-Like Receptors -2, -4, -9, and CD14 Genes in an African-American Population with Chronic Periodontitis." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1844.
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AIM: to determine if a relationship exists between TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-9, or CD14 polymorphisms and risk for developing chronic periodontal disease in an African-American population. This is the first study conducted to determine role of SNPs in TLR genes and CD14 gene in a periodontally-diseased African-American population. Additionally, this is the first study to assess the role of TLR-9 polymorphism in periodontitis patients. METHODS: A total of 130 subjects were involved in the study. The chronic periodontitis (CP) group contained 73 subjects, and the healthy control (NP) group 57subjects. Genotyping was performed in TLR2 (G2408A), TLR4 (A896G),TLR9 (T1486C) and CD14 (C260T) genes by TaqMan® allelic discrimination using Assay-by-DesignSM SNP Genotyping Assays (Applied Biosystems). Accuracy of genotyping was confirmed by known DNA samples of each genotype and by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses on selected samples. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square analyses were performed to compare genotype and allele frequencies. Within disease groups, we investigated whether SNPs were related to disease severity by step-wise logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, and smoking status. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the distribution of specific TLR9 (T1486C) genotypes between the periodontally diseased group versus the control group. Expression of TT genotype was more prevelant in periodontally-diseased individuals compared to periodontally-healthy subjects (p<0.0001) whereas individuals expressing C allele of the TLR9 SNP (CC&CT) were more frequently found in the control group after adjusting for age, gender, and smoking status (p<0.0001) There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between groups for any other TLRs or CD14 polymorphism. CONCLUSION: Based on findings of this study, homozygocity for the T allele of TLR 9 polymorphism was related to chronic periodontal disease susceptibility in African Americans. Additionally, presence of the C allele at TLR-9 appeared to confer resistance to periodontal destruction. Our results showed that specific SNPs in TLR-2, -4 and CD14 genes are not related to periodontitis in African Americans.
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Saenz, A. Margarita. "Periodontists' Ability to Self-Assess their Knowledge of Periodontics." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/389.
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This study examined periodontists' ability to self-assess their knowledge of periodontics. Self-assessment was measured as the difference between actual knowledge and perceived knowledge of two topics of clinical practice of periodontics: periodontal disease therapy and dental implant therapy. Other variables included were learning needs, motivation to learn, and background characteristics (number of years since graduation from a periodontics training program, classification as Diplomate or non- Diplomate, number of years since achieving Diplomate status, classification as private practitioner, academician, or private practitioner with a part-time academic position, and number of credit hours spent in continuing education per year). A questionnaire was e-mailed to 1,800 periodontists practicing in the USA. Two hundred and nineteen subjects participated in the periodontal disease therapy questionnaire and 200 in the dental implant therapy questionnaire. The results showed a significant difference between actual and perceived knowledge for both topics. Correlation coefficients showed no correlation between participants' actual knowledge and perceived knowledge of periodontal disease therapy and a low to moderate correlation between actual and perceived knowledge of dental implant therapy. Also, the results showed that need and motivation are not related to self-assessment ability, but actual knowledge may be related to moderate-high need and motivation; and, that among the background characteristics, Diplomate status is related to a better ability to self-assess, and fewer years since achieving Diplomate status is related to higher actual knowledge and perceived knowledge. In conclusion, periodontists' ability to selfassess their knowledge of periodontics is at best moderate. The concern that practitioners believe that they have higher knowledge in areas in which objectively measured knowledge is significantly lower continues to be valid.
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Burashed, Munirah B. "Treatment and Quality of Life Outcomes Following Guided Bone Regeneration Procedure." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1402404954.
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Konikoff, Bryan Marc. "The Prevalence of the Need for Esthetic Crown Lengthening in Post Orthodontically Treated Subjects." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/814.
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Prevalence information on excessive gingival display in post-orthodontic patients is limited. By studying one aspect, namely the size relationship of the clinical crowns of teeth, in an orthodontic population, we can begin to quantify their need for periodontal plastic surgery. In this two part study, 200 plaster models were used as subjects, followed by a clinical exam of 31 of those subjects. These models represented patients before and directly after orthodontic therapy, and the Part 2 clinical exams were performed at least five years later. The lengths and widths of the six anterior teeth were measured and these values were compared to known ideals. This study revealed a significant increase in the length of the maxillary anterior teeth over the three examinations, yet these values were still approximately 1.5mm shorter than ideal. The mean tooth width-to-length ratio was 87-88% for maxillary central incisors, clearly below the accepted "ideal." As well, 61-71% of maxillary central incisors exceeded allowable tooth width-to-length ratios, and 61% of subjects displayed asymmetry in gingival architecture. Although this study only examined one aspect of excessive gingival display, it is the first study to show that in a predominantly young, post-orthodontic population, the prevalence of non-ideal width-to-length ratios is greater than 65%, and that the presence of asymmetry is greater than 60%. Therefore, close interaction between the periodontist and the orthodontist is necessary to diagnose these conditions in order to provide patients with all options for improving their smile.
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Nguyen, Khanh Vu Thuy. "The Effects of Scaling and Root Planing on the Systemic Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/160.
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Balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is required for normal wound healing. Chronic inflammation, such as that seen in cardiovascular and periodontal diseases, may upset this balance. The aim of this study was to determine whether initial periodontal therapy would have an effect systemically on the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Twenty-one patients with generalized chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. Clinical examinations were conducted and parameters measured. Scaling and root planing was performed and blood analysis done to determine the plasma concentrations of MMP-9 and serum concentrations of TIMP-1. Initial periodontal therapy resulted in improvements in gingival inflammation and plaque levels. No effect on the plasma concentrations of MMP-9 and serum concentrations of TIMP-1 could be found following therapy.
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Chaston, Reve W. "SERUM ANTI-PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE AND ANTI-CARDIOLIPIN CONCENTRATIONS FOLLOWING PERIODONTAL SCALING AND ROOT PLANING." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/834.
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Atherosclerosis is an insidious disease with serious morbidity and mortality including ischemic heart disease, stroke, and myocardial infarction. This condition is progressive and can start early in life eventually leading to large plaques and arterial occlusion. Two key components of this process are the immune system and lipids; in particular, LDL which accumulates within the arterial walls and macrophages which recognize and engulf oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) to form foam cells. Knowing that certain antibodies directed against bacterial antigens such as phosphorylcholine (PC) and cardiolipin (CL) show opsonizing cross-reactivity with oxLDL it can be proposed that there is a link between immune responses to periodontal bacteria and atherosclerosis. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether periodontal bacteria are capable of inducing serum antibodies potentially involved in cardiovascular diseases; specifically, IgG anti-PC, IgG anti-CL, and IgM anti-CL. To test this, 17 subjects with chronic periodontitis received scaling and root planing in conjunction with blood sample analysis to determine if periodontal instrumentation resulted in changes in these serum antibodies. If plaque bacteria are responsible for an immune response then serum levels of these antibodies should decrease following periodontal therapy. We found that serum levels of IgG anti-PC, IgG anti-CL, and IgM anti-CL decreased following periodontal scaling and root planing but the change was significant only for IgG anti-PC (P 0.045). Serum levels of IgM anti-CL approached significance (P 0.054). The results support the hypothesis that the immune response to periodontal bacterial microflora contributes to serum concentrations of antiphospholipid antibodies.
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Cunningham, Nina Marie Karin. "Anatomical Study of the Greater Palatine Artery: Clinical Implications for Palatal Graft Procedures." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_cdm_stuetd/71.
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Introduction: The palate is a well-established donor site for obtaining graft tissue in periodontal plastic surgery procedures. However, proximity to the adjacent teeth on the lateral aspect and the greater palatine neurovascular bundle (GPB) on the medial aspect limit the amount of graft tissue that can be obtained from the palate. Previous studies have been concerned with the location of the greater palatine foramen as well as the greater palatine artery (GPA) and have established guidelines on how to estimate the distance between the teeth and the GPB. Traditionally, clinicians follow these guidelines and choose to avoid removing graft tissue in the area close to the GPB out of fear of possible complications such as hemorrhaging and paresthesias. Objectives: The purpose of the present investigation is to locate the position of the greater palatal artery (GPA) in relation to surrounding anatomical landmarks and determine if the tissue thickness covering the GPA is sufficient to permit gingival grafts to be obtained in the area close to the GPB. Materials and methods: Cadaver dissections were performed on a total of ten (n=10) cadaver hemifaces of which 7 were partially and 3 were completely edentulous. From the greater palatine foramen to the incisive foramen, the palatal tissues of the cadavers were dissected into vertical slices of 3 mm in width perpendicular to the median palatine raphe using a double bladed scalpel. On each tissue slice, the distance from the epithelial surface to the superior border of the vessel, the diameter of the vessel, the distance from the inferiorborder of the vessel to the palatal bone, the distance from median palatine raphe to the GPA and the distance from teeth or midline of the alveolar crest to the GPA were measured using both a periodontal probe and a digital caliper. The measurements were correlated to each other, the angle of the palatal vault, an estimate of the palatal depth and the head length of the cadavers. Results: The mean thickness of the tissue above the GPA was 4.30 ± 1.61 mm with a range of 1.92 – 8.72 mm. The tissue thickness decreased consistently from the 3rd molar to the canine area with the thickest mean tissue being in the 2nd molar region with 6.25 ± 1.09 mm and shallowest mean tissue thickness in the region of the lateral incisor with 2.92 ± 0.46 mm. The mean distance of the GPA from the median palatine raphe is 10.34 ± 3.41mm ranging from 13.77 ± 1.67 mm to 6.02 ± 0.83 mm with the greatest distance being from the 3rd molar region and smallest distance being from the lateral incisor area. No statistically significant correlations were found between the angel of the palatal vault, the estimate of the palatal depth and the head length. A significant correlation (R2=0.92) was found between the total palatal tissue thickness and tissue thickness above the GPA. Discussion: There was adequate gingival tissue above the GPA to harvest tissue for free gingival grafts of 1 - 1.5 mm in thickness in the entire palate. Donor tissue for 1.5 mm thick connective tissue grafts with a 1.5 mm epithelial flap could be obtained opposing the 1st molar and posterior to it staying above the GPA. Donor site for palatal grafts can be extended in a medial and posterior direction.A Formula (Tissue Thickness above the GPA = (Total Thickness of palatal tissue - 0.967) x 0.9) has been derived, which accurately locates the GPA based on the thickness of the palatal tissue. Unique to this study were measurements from the median palatine raphe, which will provide the clinician with a new landmark to more reliably locate the GPA at various locations on the palate. Conclusion: This descriptive pilot study on human cadavers provides a formula to locate the GPA within the palate using the total palatal tissue thickness and suggests that graft tissue can be harvested from the tissue above the GPA in the entire palate for FGGs and opposing to the 1st molar and posterior to it for CTGs not exceeding 3 mm in depth.
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Ferreira, Miguel Barbosa. "Relação entre periodontite materna e parto pré-termo: perceção dos médicos dentistas." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5103.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaIntrodução: O parto Pré-termo constitui uma das principais causas de morbilidade e mortalidade infantil, com repercussões consideráveis a nível social, médico e económico, à escala mundial.Offenbacher et al. (1996) foram os primeiros a introduzir a hipótese de que a periodontite poderia ser um fator de risco para o parto pré-termo. Desde então, múltiplos estudos têm evidenciado a existência de uma associação positiva entre a periodontite e desfechos indesejáveis da gestação, dos quais se destaca o parto pré-termo. A atenção odontológica para com a grávida reflete-se em benefícios para o feto, promovendo uma melhor qualidade de vida para ambos. Neste âmbito, torna-se imprescindível elaborar um estudo que avalie se existe uma sensibilização da parte dos Médicos Dentistas relativamente a esta questão. Objetivos: Analisar a perceção dos Médicos Dentistas acerca da relação existente entre a periodontite materna e o parto pré-termo. Materiais e Métodos: Optou-se por um estudo observacional transversal descritivo, de carater quantitativo, tendo-se implementado um inquérito por questionário a 35 Médicos Dentistas em clínicas/consultórios privados, da Área da Grande Lisboa. Resultados/Conclusões: De uma forma geral os Médicos Dentistas estão sensibilizados acerca da relação entre periodontite e parto pré termo. Deteta-se que uma grande parte dos Médicos Dentistas sente uma predisposição e recetividade em obter formação adicional acerca da associação entre a doença periodontal e complicações gestacionais e são recetivos à promoção de dinâmicas interdisciplinares. Há no entanto alguma insegurança e desconhecimento em alguns procedimentos do tratamento. Introduction: Pre-term birth is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality, with a significant impact in social, medical and economic fields.Offenbacher et al. (1996) were the first to introduce the hypothesis that periodontitis may be a risk factor for preterm labor. Since then, multiple studies have shown the existence of a positive association between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes, among which the preterm delivery. Dental care for the pregnant is reflected in benefits to the fetus, promoting a better quality of life for both. In this context, it is essential to conduct a study to evaluate whether there is an awareness on the part of Dentists on this issue. Goals: To analyze the perception of the Dentists about the relationship between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth. Material and Methods: We opted a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study, of quantitative character, having been implemented a questionnaire to 35 Dentists in clinics/private practices, in the Area of Lisbon. Results/Conclusions: In general the Dentists are aware of the relationship between periodontitis and preterm birth. It is detected that a large part of Dentists feel a predisposition and receptivity to additional training about the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes and are receptive to promote interdisciplinary dynamics. However there is some uncertainty and ignorance in some treatment procedures.
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Turner, Lisa A. "Profiling Precursor Lipids for Specialized Pro-Resolution Molecules in Platelet-Rich Plasma Following Fish Oil and Aspirin Intake." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4763.
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Background: Unfavorable outcomes following periodontal surgeries can be attributed to impaired resolution mechanisms likely due to decreased levels of specialized pro-resolution molecules (SPM). The current study investigates if SPM substrate pools in platelet-rich plasma preparations (PRP) can be increased by essential fatty acid (EFA) and / or aspirin supplementation. Methods: Nineteen healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to take i) aspirin; ii) EFA; iii) aspirin and EFA. Four hours after intake, the lipid precursor pools in PRP were quantified using combined Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the data statistically analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: Of the 77 metabolites screened, only FFA (18:3) showed a significant interaction effect (p=0.019). By itself, neither EFA (p>0.9) nor aspirin (p>0.4) showed any difference (P>0.4). Multiple comparisons could not identify the differences between groups. Conclusions: There is inadequate data to support oral supplementation of EFA and /or aspirin to increase SPM levels in PRP.
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Carlos, Francisco. "The Prevalence of Maxillary Altered Passive Eruption in a Dental School Population." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2197.
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AIM: The aim of this investigation is to determine the prevalence of maxillary altered passive eruption in a dental school population. METHODS: 100 subjects were examined clinically and had models fabricated of their maxilla. Demographic, periodontal, cast measurements were recorded for each subject. Demographic variables recorded included age, gender, and ethnicity, history of orthodontic treatment, presence of incisal /occlusal wear, appearance of gingival excess, and presence of gingival asymmetry. Measurements made on cast included clinical crown length, clinical crown width, papillary height, and distance from the lateral gingival zenith to the gingival aesthetic line. Clinical crown width-to-length ratio was calculated. These measurements were compared to previously published standards. RESULTS: 83% of the subjects had central incisors with a clinical W:L ratio greater than .80. Logistical regression analysis determined that subjects with central incisors with an appearance of gingival excess were more likely to have a clinical W:L ratio greater than .80 (P<.0007; OR=79). ANOVA demonstrated that clinical crown length had a statistically significant relationship with gender (P<.0001), tooth type (P<.0001) and biotype (P<0.0026). Clinical crown width and clinical crown W:L ratio had a statistically significant relationship with gender (P<0.0007, P<.0001) and tooth type (P<0.0026, P<.0001). The average clinical crown length was 0.5-1.5 mm shorter than established ideal measurements. CONCLUSION: 83% of the subject population had central incisors that displayed altered passive eruption. Subjects who exceeded the clinical W:L ratio of .80 were more likely to have been classified as having the appearance of gingival excess or “gummy smile”. Esthetic crown lengthening should be considered to achieve desired esthetics in these subjects.
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Ling, Martin Robert. "Neutrophil function in chronic periodontitis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5657/.
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Neutrophil function in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis was investigated. A case-controlled longitudinal intervention study of patients with chronic periodontitis and matched healthy controls was performed. Peripheral blood neutrophils from patients released more IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in response to periodontally-relevant bacteria than controls. Hyper-reactive \(Fusobacterium\) \(nucleatum\)-stimulated neutrophil IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α release from patient cells normalised to control levels following successful therapy. Hyper-reactive FcγR-stimulated IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α and \(Porphyromonas\) \(gingivalis\)-stimulated IL-1β release by patient cells persisted after therapy. Patient neutrophils displayed hyper-active and hyper-reactive superoxide release that normalised to healthy control levels post-therapy. Although neutrophil extracellular trap release was unchanged in periodontitis, patient neutrophils demonstrated impaired directional chemotactic accuracy, speed and velocity. Studies on control neutrophils demonstrated that physiologically-relevant concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) inhibited baseline reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and reduced FcγR–stimulated superoxide and \(F.\) \(nucleatum\)-stimulated luminol/isoluminol detectable ROS. However, CRP enhanced \(F.\) \(nucleatum\)-stimulated neutrophil superoxide release. The data demonstrate that chronic periodontitis is characterised by dysregulated neutrophil function, notably heightened cytokine and superoxide production and impaired chemotaxis. Furthermore, mildly elevated CRP levels in periodontitis could play a role in modifying the neutrophil respiratory burst and provide a link with periodontitis-associated systemic disease.
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Palmer, Lisa Joanne. "Neutrophil extracellular traps in periodontitis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1199/.
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This thesis has investigated the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. A fluorometric assay was developed for the in vitro quantification of NET release and used to assess relative levels in chronic periodontitis patients, indicating elevated release under several stimulatory conditions compared with controls. Studies also demonstrated that challenge with periodontitis-associated bacteria evoked differential NET release. In addition, an extensive panel of periodontal pathogens was screened for two potential virulence traits that may confer a survival advantage when challenged with NETs. Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) secretion, capable of degrading NETs, and resistance to killing by histone, a core structural and antimicrobial protein within NETs, were both shown to be relatively common characteristics possessed by pathogens associated with severe disease. Additionally, an in vivo study demonstrated DNase activity in plaque and GCF during the development of experimental gingivitis. Further studies examined the association between neutrophil reactive oxygen species production and NET release implicating a regulatory role for myeloperoxidase generated hypochlorous acid in NET production. In conclusion, the results contained within this thesis indicate a putative role for NETs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and highlight a high prevalence of potential counter-NET mechanisms in certain periodontal organisms.
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Milward, Michael Robert. "Oral epithelium in the pathogenesis of periodontitis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1007/.
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Pocket/sulcular epithelium is the first line of defence to plaque bacteria and its potential role in periodontitis is investigated. This thesis describes the development of a model system, utilising an immortal epithelial cell line (H400) in order to investigate responses to periodontal pathogen stimulation (P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum) in terms of NF-\(\kappa\)B activation, differential gene expression and cytokine production. The pathogenesis of periodontitis suggests that susceptible patients exhibit a hyper-inflammatory response to plaque bacteria, so an attempt to modulate the pro-inflammatory epithelial response using a natural di-thiol antioxidant \(\alpha\)-lipoate was also investigated. Data demonstrated that periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum elicited a pro-inflammatory response in the H400 model system. This was confirmed by demonstrating NF-\(\kappa\)B activation, gene expression changes and downstream cytokine production. Ontological grouping of gene expression changes revealed a range of gene functions which support the hypothesis that the epithelium may play a role in the initiation and propagation of the periodontal lesion. In addition, alipoate was able to modulate this inflammatory response but not completely block this essential defence mechanism. Data obtained indicates the potential of utilising \(\alpha\)-lipoate as an adjunct in the management of periodontitis.
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Seyedain, Merriam. "A salivary chromogenic assay for periodontitis." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/142764.
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Oral BiologyM.S.
Periodontitis tends to be associated with sulfur-producing bacteria. This study uses a chromogenic sulfur detecting strip to compares whole saliva sulfur (SS) scores in subjects with and without periodontal diseases and examines the relationship between SS scores and clinical measures of periodontal status.Materials & Methods: Ninety-sex subjects were enrolled, mean age (SD) 36.5 (15.42), age range 22 to 82, percent males 52%, percent Caucasians 57%, percent cigarette smokers 33%. Periodontal evaluations including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth measurements (PD) and attachment levels (AL) were performed on 6 sites per tooth. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: periodontally healthy (no loss of attachment and no gingival bleeding, 17 subjects), gingivitis (no loss of attachment and presence of gingival bleeding, 54 subjects) and periodontitis (loss of attachment > 5 mm in 5 or more teeth, 25 subjects). A single chromogenic strip was used to collect a whole saliva sample from the mouth. Color reaction was scored based on a color chart. The scoring examiner was blinded to clinical status. Results: Good to moderate correlations were found between SS scores and PI (r=0.47, p=0.0001), GI (r=0.45, p=0.0001), PD (r=0.42, p=0.0001), and AL (r=0.30, p=0.002). Analysis of variance showed significant differences in SS scores among the three study groups (p = 0.0001); post-hoc analysis showed higher SS scores in periodontitis subjects than non-periodontitis subjects (p = 0.05). Nominal logistic regression adjusting for smoking showed the odds ratio of periodontitis increase by a factor of 12.76 for each increase of one unit of measure of SS. Conclusion: The results suggest that assessing whole saliva sulfur levels with a chromogenic strip has potential as a screening test for periodontal diseases.
Temple University--Theses
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Sabri, Budi Aslinie Md. "Family functioning and chronic periodontitis in outer North East London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8391.
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Background: This study assumes that while all families are unique, families share common tasks that must be fulfilled as part of their functioning and the definition of whether the family process is functional or not is specific and may be unique to the family and is dependent upon what the family perceives as being normal, while considering cycle demands, resources and socio cultural influences. Objectives: To explore the role of family functioning in chronic periodontitis. Methods: The Outer North East London (ONEL) Oral Health Needs Assessments collected data in a representative sample of 2,343 adults aged16-65 and 1,174 children 3-4 years old in 2009-10. Data were collected through home visits by trained dentists and interviewers, and included dental clinical examinations and answers to questionnaires. Family function in the domains general functioning, problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement and behaviour control was assessed using the Family Assessment Device (FAD) Epstein et al., 1983). Chronic periodontitis was defined as having at least one interproximal site with pocket depth of 4 mm or more. Results: Chronic periodontitis was associated with family functioning in the domains general functioning (odds ratio:0.45; 95%CI: 0.25-0.84), communication (odds ratio: 0.55 95%CI: 0.30-0.98), affective involvement (odds ratio:0.56; 95%CI: 0.34-0.94), affective responsiveness (odds ratio:0.47; 95%CI: 0.26-0.81) and behaviour control (odds ratio:0.40 95%CI: 0.22-0.74) after adjustment for ethnicity and socioeconomic position (NS-SEC). However, after adjusting for oral health related behaviour (tobacco consumption and plaque score) only the domain of general functioning (odds ratio: 0.51 6 95%CI: 0.27-0.97) affective responsiveness (odds ratio 0.52; 95%CI: 0.29-0.92) and behaviour control (odds ratio 0.46; 95 CI: 0.25-0.83) remained significantly associated with chronic periodontitis. Family functioning domains general functioning, communication, affective involvement, affective responsiveness and behaviour control also potentially partially mediates the relationship between socioeconomic position and chronic periodontitis experience. Conclusion: Efficient family functioning in the domains of general functioning, affective responsiveness and behaviour control may act as protective factors against chronic periodontitis.
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Abdulkareem, Ali Abbas. "Potential involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of periodontitis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7340/.
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is reportedly important in loss of epithelial integrity and cell migration in inflammatory/infectious diseases and cancer. Since Gram negative anaerobic periodontal pathogens are well-recognized to induce intense inflammatory responses; the present study investigated their ability to induce EMT in vitro. A 2D chronic inflammatory model was developed using either the H400 oral keratinocyte cell-line or primary rat oral keratinocytes which were exposed to heat-killed Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli LPS for up to 8-days. EMT-associated changes were determined using semi-quantitative-RT-PCR, PCR-arrays, ELISA, scratch/transwell migration assays, immunocytochemistry/immunofluorescence, and transepithelial electrical resistance. Chronically stimulated cultures increased extracellular levels of the EMT regulatory cytokines, TGF-β1, TNF-α and EGF, whilst subsequent EMT-induction was indicated by up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, including vimentin and N-cadherin, and concomitant down-regulation of epithelial markers including E-cadherin and β-catenin. In addition, intracellular signaling activity of key EMT regulatory transcription factors, Snail-1 and NF-ĸB, increased following chronic bacterial exposure and was associated with enhanced cellular migratory activity and reduced epithelial barrier integrity. These results indicated for the first time that EMT may be involved in the compromised epithelial barrier function observed during periodontitis pathogenesis which may occur in response to prolonged local bacterial exposure.
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Kassaa, Sarah Cruz. "The effect of inflammatory mediators on C19 steroid conversion in tissues of the periodontium." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299460.
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Radu, Jessica, and Kati Heinämäki. "Analysis of a Filifactor Alocis genotype and its effect on pathological progress in periodontitis." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Tandläkarutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-178757.
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Background: Filifactor alocis is a gram positive, obligate anaerobic rod bacterium that has shown correlation to pathogenic events that may be linked to periodontitis. Previous studies have proved the presence of so-called “rtx” toxins in F. alocis that are similar to the leukotoxin of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The relevance of this gene in periodontitis is however unknown. Aim: The primary aim of the study was thereby to investigate whether the occurrence of Filifactor alocis carrying the rtx-gene affects the pathological progression of periodontitis or not. The secondary aim was to observe an eventual correlation between high loads F.alocis and attachment loss. Methods: Altogether 99 clinical samples taken from the gingival pockets of Ghanaian adolescents between the age of 10-19 were scanned by using PCR and gel electrophoresis. Thereafter the correlations were analyzed mainly from the point of view of progression by using Excel and MedCalc. Results: The highest significant value was shown in the group where correlation between the rtx- gene occurrence and clinical attachment loss progression existed (44%, p<0.05). No statistically significant values between the high loads of F.alocis and attachment loss were found. Conclusion: Our findings suggested the possible existence of a correlation between the rtx- gene occurrence and clinical attachment loss progression and thus supported our hypothesis. Thereby the primary null hypothesis was rejected. However, no correlation could be seen between F.alocis and attachment loss, which in turn did not support our secondary hypothesis.
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Matias, Marie Anne Teresa J. "Immunohistochemical localization of extracellular matrix proteins of the periodontium during cementogenesis /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16347.pdf.
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Payne, Mark. "Dysbiosis of the oral commensal microbiota drives inflammatory periodontal disease in the mouse model." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8601.
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Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the structures supporting the teeth. It results from the interaction between a microbial biofilm on the tooth surface and a de‐regulated host response in the periodontal tissues of a genetically susceptible host. There are strong correlations between specific ‘red complex’ micro‐organisms within the subgingival biofilm and disease. Dysbiosis, a deleterious shift in the relative abundance of components of the microbiota in disease, is a recognised property of microbiomes at other sites of the GI tract in chronic diseases. Exploring dysbiosis in the oral commensal microbiota using a mouse model of periodontitis, we have shown that a ‘red complex’ organism (Porphyromonas gingivalis) caused significantly more periodontal bone loss in specific pathogen free (SPF) mice than controls and no bone loss in germ free (GF) mice. This confirms the oral commensal microbiota is fundamentally required for periodontal bone loss. In addition, low level colonisation of SPF mice with P. gingivalis led to qualitative and quantitative changes to the microbiota; dysbiosis. The oral commensal microbiota of the SPF mice was stable for our aging population of SPF mice and this led to increased alveolar bone loss with age. Through a series of co‐caging experiments we have shown that the oral commensal microbiota of different strains of mice was transmissible into GF mice and led to periodontal bone loss. We have also demonstrated that a dysbiotic oral commensal microbiota was transmissible into GF mice and led to increased periodontal bone loss. In conclusion, the oral commensal microbiota is fundamental in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease in this mouse model. Moreover, it is dysbiosis of this oral commensal microbiota, brought about by P. gingivalis, that drives accelerated alveolar bone loss. We propose that P. gingivalis be considered as a keystone species.
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Burke, Brandon. "Perception of soft tissue laser use in orthodontic practice: a survey of orthodontists, periodontists, and general dentists." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2199.
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Recently, soft tissue lasers have been introduced into orthodontic practice to perform procedures that were traditionally referred to other dental professionals. The purpose of this study was to compare the attitudes of orthodontists, periodontists, and general dentists regarding the use of soft tissue lasers by orthodontists. The ultimate goal was to facilitate communication among dental professionals and improve the care of orthodontic patients requiring management of soft tissues. A survey was developed to evaluate and compare the current opinions of orthodontists (n=330), periodontists (n=171), and general dentists (n=77) regarding orthodontists’ use of soft tissue lasers. When compared to orthodontists and general dentists, a lower percentage of periodontists indicated that soft tissue laser use by orthodontists was appropriate (P = 0.001). Also, for each of the 8 specific soft tissue laser procedures investigated, periodontists reported a significantly lower level (P = 0.001) of appropriateness than did orthodontists and general dentists.
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Lopez-Oliva, Santa Cruz Isabel. "Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis : antibody response, oral microbiome, cytokine profile and effect of periodontal treatment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8058/.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects about 1% of the world population. This common disease is characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovium that leads to destruction of cartilage and bone in the join, and the cause of this exacerbated inflammatory reaction remains unknown. Periodontitis (PD) is also a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of bone and other connective tissue that shares notable similarities with RA. Over the last 20 years, numerous studies have found an epidemiological connection between RA and periodontitis. However the biological mechanisms that explain the interrelations between the two conditions are not known. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of periodontitis in RA and the effect of periodontal therapy on immunological and microbiological parameters. To do that, different biological samples were collected from two pilot studies, comparing RA and periodontitis patients to the appropriate controls and from a selected group of randomized RAPD patients before and after periodontal therapy. The antibody response and subgingival microbiome of patients with RA and periodontitis were compared to the appropriate controls (no RA no PD, RA no PD, no RA PD). The effect of periodontal therapy on these parameters and on the cytokine changes in gingival crevicular fluid was also investigated. The findings from this thesis lend further credence to the link between RA and the oral microbiome, with RA patients having a disrupted and more anaerobic microflora and an exacerbated immunological reaction against periodontal bacteria and citrullinated proteins.
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Quamar, Nauman. "A CASE REPORT OF PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN WITH SEVERE PERIODONTITIS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/161974.
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Oral BiologyM.S.
Objectives: To describe clinical features, demographic characteristics, and treatment outcome in four prepubertal children with severe periodontitis. This is a case report of prepubertal children that have been referred to the Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry (TUKSD) for the treatment of severe periodontitis. Methods & Materials: Chart review was performed of available paper and electronic records of patients aged ≤ 10 years that have been treated at the Graduate Periodontology Clinic, TUKSD during the past 5 years. Cases were evaluated for periodontal diseases by means of assessing dental plaque, dental calculus, gingivitis, probing depths and clinical attachment level, and radiographic evidence of bone levels. Cases diagnosed with periodontitis were identified and the patients¡¯ demographics, clinical findings, type of treatment provided, treatment outcome, and medical history were noted. Results: Four children with severe periodontitis were identified. All the subjects had deep probing depths around their primary teeth showing significant bone loss on radiographs and were diagnosed with severe periodontitis. These children were treated with scaling and root planing combined with systemic antibiotics and extraction of hopeless primary teeth. The permanent teeth erupted early and there was no radiographic alveolar bone loss. Three subjects had microbiological testing and showed predominance of certain periodontal pathogens such as Prevotella intermedia and Fusobecterium nucleatum. Following treatment all children were inaccessible for follow-up. Conclusion: Periodontitis in prepubertal children causes early loss of primary teeth and early eruption of permanent teeth. Relevant systemic diseases were not detected in any of the children. Compliance with periodontal maintenance is poor among prepubertal children attending the TUKSD clinics for the treatment of periodontitis.
Temple University--Theses
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ALHarthi, Shatha Subhi Y. "Association Between Smoking and Periodontitis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2012." Thesis, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1602450.
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Aim & Hypothesis: The experimental aims of the study were to use the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset to test and confirm the following hypotheses: 1) Characterize the periodontal condition among never smokers, former smokers and current smokers, 2) Analyze the association of time since quitting smoking and the periodontal condition among former smokers as a function of smoking history, 3) Analyze the association of duration of smoking and the periodontal condition among current smokers as a function of smoking history.
Materials & Methods: This study analyzed data collected in the NHANES 2012 survey and included respondents for whom a periodontal exam and smoking status were obtained. Aim 1 was a descriptive analysis were used to characterize the sample. For Aim 2, unconditional logistic regression was conducted with time since quitting as the exposure and presence of periodontitis as the outcome, and included adjustment for confounders. Aim 3 analyses also used unconditional logistic regression, but included only current smokers, with duration of smoking habit as the exposure and periodontitis status as the outcome, adjusted for confounders.
Results: Smoking status was statistically significantly associated with periodontal status (chi-square p < 0.0001). Among former smokers, after adjusting for confounders, each additional year since quitting smoking was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the odds ratio (OR) for periodontitis by 2.5%. Among current smokers, duration of smoking was not statistically significantly associated with periodontal status.
Conclusions: Rates of periodontitis were highest in current smokers, lower in former smokers, and lowest in never smokers. Among former smokers, longer time since quitting was associated with lower likelihood of periodontitis. Among current smokers, the duration of smoking was not associated with likelihood of periodontitis. These findings support the notion that dental practitioners have a public health mandate to help their periodontal patients quit smoking. Future research should determine the best strategies for facilitating smoking cessation in dental patients.
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Altabtbaei, Khaled. "METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF PERIODONTAL BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH GENERALIZED AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1466590877.
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Lee, Chun-Teh. "Impact of Resolvin E1 on Experimental Periodontitis and Periodontal Biofilm." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17331953.
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Objective: The goal of this project was to determine the impact of local inflammation on changes in the subgingival biofilm composition in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats using the specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM), resolvin E1 (RvE1).
Materials and Methods: The impact of RvE1 on the microbiota of ligature-induced periodontitis was assessed in two separate experiments; treatment of established periodontitis and prevention of ligature-induced periodontitis. In the treatment study, eighteen rats were separated into four groups comprising no ligature, ligature alone (no treatment), ligature with topical RvE1 treatment (ligature+RvE1) and, ligature with topical vehicle treatment (ligature + Vehicle). 3-0 silk ligatures were tied around maxillary second molars bilaterally for three weeks to induce disease. After three weeks, the treatment phase began with the application of RvE1 or vehicle (ethanol) every other day for an additional three weeks. Subgingival plaque samples were collected every four days throughout the experiment. The composition of the subgingival microbiota was initially screened by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization using probes on 40 subgingival species. Definitive, unbiased characterization of the subgingival microbiota was accomplished with next-generation sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq® platform. Six rats were sacrificed on Days 1, 21 and 42 and maxillae were dissected to collect samples for gingival RNA extraction, bone morphometric measurements, and histomorphometric analysis. Local tissue gene expression (Cxcl-1, Ptgs2, Nos2) was detected using qRT-PCR. Tissue specimens were prepared for histology and stained with H&E and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). In the prevention study, sixteen rats were separated into four groups (no ligature, ligature + RvE1 (0.1µg/µl), ligature + RvE1 (0.5 µg/µl), ligature + Vehicle). 5-0 silk ligatures were placed around maxillary second molars bilaterally to induce disease. At the time of ligature placement, animals received assigned treatment thrice weekly (M, W, F) for four weeks. Subgingival plaque samples were collected every four days (M and F). Four rats were sacrificed at baseline (Day 1) and the vehicle and two treatment groups (four each) were sacrificed at day 28 and samples processed as described above. The two-group comparisons were assessed by Student’s t-test. The multiple-group comparison was assessed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests.
Results: In the first study (treatment), topical application of RvE1 significantly reversed the bone loss associated with periodontitis compared to the vehicle. RvE1 application significantly reduced the expression of Cxcl1 and osteoclast density compared to the vehicle application. In the prevention study, RvE1 treatment significantly prevented the bone loss during the disease progression. RvE1 application significantly reduced the expression of Ptgs2, Nos2 compared to the vehicle application. Osteoclast density and inflammatory cell infiltration in the RvE1 groups were significantly lower than these in the Vehicle group.
The cell counts of bacterial species gradually increased and the subgingival microbiota shifted during the disease progression. In the treatment study, RvE1 treatment significantly reduced cell counts compared to the vehicle application at the end of treatment phase. The shift of subgingival microbiota was limited by the RvE1 treatment. In the prevention study, the taxonomic composition and diversity of subgingival microbiota was controlled by the RvE1 application. The change of subgingival microbiota appeared to be associated with the state of inflammation in the periodontal environment.
Conclusion: Resolvin E1 treatment of existing ligature-induced periodontitis significantly regenerates lost alveolar bone and prevents alveolar bone loss. Resolvin E1 treatment limits microbial shifts and reduces total bacterial load by inhibiting inflammation of local environment in experimental periodontitis.
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Voth, Stephanie. "MICROBIAL DNA RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3129.
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AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the expression of microbial nucleic acid receptors including Toll like receptor 9 “TLR-9”, DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors “DAI” and absent in melanoma “AIM-2” in chronic periodontitis (P) versus healthy (H) tissues. METHODS: 33 chronic periodontitis (P) and 27 periodontally-healthy (H) gingival biopsies were included. The gene and protein expression for each receptor was determined using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Our results revealed statistically significant up-regulation of TLR-9 (p<0.006) and DAI (p<0.001) gene expression in P tissues compared to H sites. We were also able to demonstrate significant correlation among three DNA receptors (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry further confirmed the expression of DNA sensors in gingival tissues. CONCLUSION: This study highlights a possible role for nucleic acid sensing in periodontal inflammation. Further investigations will determine whether cytoplasmic receptors and their ligands can be targeted to improve clinical outcomes in periodontitis.
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Inoue, Gislene. "Cessação de tabagismo em fumantes com periodontite crônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23146/tde-13042013-101529/.
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O tabagismo é o mais importante fator de risco de diversas doenças crônicas, incluindo a periodontite. Atualmente existe uma mobilização mundial contra o uso do tabaco. Embora cirurgiões-dentistas apresentem potencial para ajudar seus pacientes fumantes a abandonar o vicio, o papel do dentista na cessação do tabagismo ainda não está totalmente esclarecido. O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo de 12 meses foi verificar o efeito de um programa antitabágico multidisciplinar na cessação de tabagismo em fumantes com doença periodontal. Duzentos e um (201) sujeitos foram triados, e 93 foram incluídos e receberam tratamento periodontal não-cirúrgico. Simultaneamente, os indivíduos receberam terapia antitabágica, que consistiu em quatro palestras consecutivas ministradas por um médico e uma dentista, terapia cognitiva comportamental realizada por uma psicóloga, e terapia de reposição de nicotina e medicação, de acordo com necessidades individuais. Durante o tratamento periodontal, os dentistas motivaram ativamente os participantes a pararem de fumar, usando técnicas de entrevista motivacional. Aconselhamento e suporte adicionais foram fornecidos durante as visitas de manutenção após 3, 6 e 12 meses do término do tratamento periodontal. A condição de tabagista foi avaliada por meio de um questionário estruturado, e foi validada pela mensuração de monóxido de carbono expirado (CO). Também foi aplicado o Questionário de Tolerância de Fagerström para verificar a dependência à nicotina. Dentre os 52 indivíduos que permaneceram até o exame de 12 meses, 22(42,31%), 17(32,69%) e 17(32,69%) não estavam fumando após 3, 6 e 12 meses, respectivamente. A cessação de tabagismo foi associada aos níveis iniciais de CO (p = 0,03), nível de dependência nicotínica de acordo com o questionário de Fageström (p=0,01) e escore médio do questionário de Fagerström (p<0,001). Concluiu-se que a terapia antitabágica realizada por uma equipe multidisciplinar que inclui dentistas resultou em alta taxa de cessação de tabagismo. O abandono do hábito foi associado à exposição ao CO e à dependência nicotínica.Smoking is the leading risk factor of several chronic diseases, including periodontitis. Nowadays, there is a world-wide mobilization against the use of tobacco. Although it is acknowledged that dentists have potential to help smoking patients to quit, their role in tobacco control is not completely defined. The aim of this prospective 12- month study was to evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary smoking cessation program in quitting smoking in subjects with periodontal disease. Two-hundred and one (201) subjects were screened, and 93 were included and received non-surgical periodontal treatment during four weeks. Subjects also received smoking cessation therapy, which consisted of four consecutive lectures given by a physician and a dentist, psychologist-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy, nicotine replacement therapy and medication, according to their individual needs. During initial periodontal treatment, dentists actively motivated the study subjects to stop smoking, using motivational interviewing techniques. Further smoking cessation counseling and support were also provided by the dentists during periodontal maintenance sessions at 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Smoking status was assessed by means of a structured questionnaire, and it was validated by exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. Participants were further asked about their nicotine dependence, by means of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Among the 52 individuals that remained up to the 12-months examination, 22(42.31%), 17(32.69%) and 17(32.69%) were not smoking at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Smoking cessation was associated with baseline CO levels (p = 0.03), Fagerströms nicotine dependence level (p=0.01) and mean Fagerström test score (p<0.001). It is concluded that smoking cessation therapy performed by a multidisciplinary team including dentists resulted in high quit rates. Smoking cessation was associated with exposure to CO and nicotine dependence.
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Inoue, Gislene. "Preditores da cessação de tabagismo em fumantes com periodontite: estudo de 24 meses." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23146/tde-24082017-172010/.
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A proposta desse estudo de 24 meses foi identificar os preditores da cessação de tabagismo em um estudo de coorte em fumantes com periodontite crônica, atendidos em um programa antitabágico multidisciplinar. Dos 286 participantes triados, 116 foram incluídos no estudo e receberam tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico e terapia de cessação de tabagismo, que consistia em palestras, terapia cognitiva comportamental e farmacoterapia de acordo com as necessidades individuais. Durante o início do tratamento periodontal, os dentistas motivavam os participantes do estudo para parar de fumar, usando técnicas de entrevista motivacional. Além disso, aconselhamento e apoio a cessação do tabagismo também foram fornecidos pelos dentistas, durante as sessões de manutenção periodontal aos 3, 6, 12 e 24 meses de estudo. Tabagismo foi avaliado através de um questionário estruturado, e era validado pelas medidas de Monóxido de Carbono (CO) expirado. O teste de Fagerström para a Dependência do Cigarro foi utilizado para aferir a dependência. Dos 61 indivíduos que permaneceram até o final do estudo, 31, 21 e 18 declararam que não eram fumantes após 3, 12 e 24 meses, respectivamente. Foram utilizados teste de associação, teste de comparação de média e regressão logística univariada para identificar os preditores de cessação de tabagismo. Cessação de tabagismo após 24 meses esteve associada com gênero masculino (odds ratio [OR] = 3,77, intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% = 1,16-12,30), nível de CO no início do estudo < 10ppm (OR = 5,81, IC 95% 1,76 - 19,23), não conviver ou trabalhar com fumante (OR = 7,38, IC 95% 1,76 - 30,98) e uma média menor no teste de Fagerström (OR = 5,36, IC 95% 1,55 - 20,43). Pode ser concluído que cessação de tabagismo foi associada com variáveis demográficas, histórico de tabagismo e dependência do cigarro.The purpose of this 24-month study was to identify predictors of smoking cessation in a cohort of smokers with chronic periodontitis attending a multidisciplinary smoking cessation program. Among the 286 screened subjects, 116 were included and received non-surgical periodontal treatment and smoking cessation therapy, which consisted of lectures, cognitive behavioral therapy, and pharmacotherapy, according to their individual needs. During initial periodontal treatment, dentists actively motivated the study subjects to stop smoking, using motivational interviewing techniques. Further smoking cessation counseling and support were also provided by the dentists during periodontal maintenance sessions at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Smoking status was assessed by means of a structured questionnaire, and it was validated by exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence was used to assess smoking dependence. Tests for association tests, tests for comparison of means and univariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify predictors of smoking cessation. Among the 61 individuals that remained up to the 24-months examination, 31, 21 and 18 declared that were not smoking at 3, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Smoking cessation after 24 months was associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 3.77, confidence interval [CI] 95% = 1.16-12.30), baseline CO levels less than 10ppm (OR = 5.81, CI 95% 1.76 - 19.23), not living or working with another smoker (OR = 7.38, CI 95% 1.76 - 30.98) and lower mean Fagerström test score (OR = 5.63, CI 95% 1.55 - 20.43). We concluded that smoking cessation was associated with demographic, smoking history and cigarette dependence variables.
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Carvalho, Werther Cruz de. "Estudo de uma amostra de cirurgiões dentistas em relação a procedimentos basicos em periodontia." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290403.
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Orientador: Antonio Wilson SallumDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar diversos aspectos básicos como métodos de diagnóstico, exame clínico e terapêutica em periodontia, utilizada por uma amostra de clínicos, relatado por eles próprios. Foi distribuído aleatoriamente questionários com 13 perguntas sobre procedimentos básicos e obtida uma amostra de 700 questionários respondidos por cirurgiões dentistas clínicos. 55,14 por cento destes respon deram utilizar rotineiramente sonda periodontal no exame clínico dos pacientes. Da amostra, 22,57 por cento dos clínicos informaram encontrar doença periodontal em 80% de seus pacientes e somente 2,00 por cento dos clínicos em 100% de seus pacientes. 65,86 por cento dos respondentes afirmaram que sangramento gengival durante a higiene bucal é sinal de doença periodontal. Após análise dos resultados podemos concluir que: doença periodontal não está sendo freqüentemente diagnosticada; 43,57 por cento dos cirurgiões dentistas da amostra responderam não utilizar rotineiramente sonda periodontal no exame clínico; 35,57 por cento dos cirurgiões dentistas da amostra não associam sintomas como sangramento gengival a sondagem com doença periodontal; 32,43 por cento dos cirurgiões dentistas da amostra não associam sintomas como sangramento gengival na higiene oral com doença periodontal; raspagem dental foi a forma terapêutica para tratamento da doença periodontal preferencial encontrada em todos os subgrupos; o subgrupo 3 (cirurgiões dentistas formados há mais de 15 anos) foi o grupo que apresentou maior variação e ausência de respostas, demonstrando a necessidade de atualização em periodontia; 59,85 por cento dos cirurgiões dentistas da amostra responderam receitar com freqüência medica mentos para tratamento da doença periodontal. A classe de medicamentos mais receitada foi a opção anti-séptico com 47,26 por cento das respostas
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Periodontia
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
50
Balzer, Stephen. "IBUPROFEN/ACETAMINOPHEN VERSUS SPRIX IN TEETH DIAGNOSED WITH PULPAL NECROSIS AND SYMPTOMATIC APICAL PERIODONTITIS." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu153191176802337.
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