Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dents – Soins et hygiène'
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Saint, Simon Laurence de. "Les produits d'hygiène dentaire : de l'avant à l'après brossage." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P101.
Full textIsaac-Terrien, Marie-Pierre. "Intégration de l'hygiène bucco-dentaire dans un traitement orthodontique." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT1487.
Full textTubert, Stéphanie. "Mise en place et évaluation d'un programme de prévention bucco-dentaire." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF1DD01.
Full textPerez, Philippe. "Le conseil en soins bucco-dentaires." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P004.
Full textPassegand, Évelyne. "Contribution à l'étude du pouvoir abrasif et du pouvoir polissant des dentifrices." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P229.
Full textRoux, Chantal. "Apports des translations des glandes sous-maxillaires chez les irradiés de la sphère oro-faciale en prévention des affections bucco-dentaires post-radiques." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT1466.
Full textBissila-Mapahou, Paul, and Danielle Verhulst. "Evolution de la parodontite de l'adulte en fonction du traitement et de la maintenance : étude radiographique rétrospective." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05M153.
Full textRenard, Loic Michel. "Lancement d'un appareil d'hygiène dentaire en pharmacie." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P013.
Full textVergnes, Jean-Noël. "Épidémiologie des maladies bucco-dentaires chez la femme enceinte : facteurs de risque et association avec l'accouchement prématuré." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1336/.
Full textPregnancy and oral health are connected by complex biological, behavioural and social links. Pregnancy may have repercussions on oral health and, conversely, some oral pathologies can have harmful consequences for the outcome of pregnancy. In the first part, we show that pregnant women frequently suffer from dental caries and that the disease preferentially affects the youngest age groups and women having certain unfavourable socio-economic characteristics. The second part deals with the association between oral diseases (periodontitis and tooth decay) and pre-term birth. The potential remote repercussions of oral pathologies may not have a purely periodontal origin. The bacteria implicated in the physiopathology of carious lesions could play an active role in the occurrence or aggravation of a risk of obstetric complications. In the third and final part, we show that pregnant women still do not avail themselves sufficiently of oral health care, a situation which makes a strong case for adapting current preventive measures and the way the cost of oral health care during pregnancy is covered
Sarraj, Faysal. "Analyse des stratégies de prévention bucco-dentaire chez les enfants à haut risque carieux dans la région Île-de-France." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077172.
Full textWoog, Philippe-Guy. "Techniques automatisées pour l'élimination de la plaque bactérienne : contribution à la prévention et à la prophylaxie des maladies de la parodonte." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30243.
Full textThis work resumes thirty years of research done by the author on automatic devices for plaque removal. The plaque is the first step of dental caries and periodontal diseases. In the first part, mecanisms of the plaque formation and subsequently pathological lesions are reviewed. All the actual means of plaque removal are analysed. A special attention is drawned to manual brushing methods. In a second part, the author point[s] out the different ways used for optimizing automatic devices : testing-machines, collaboration with some institutes of technology. Electrical toothbrush removes 90 % of the plaque with an arciform up and down movement acted by an oscillating motor. All comparatice studies with manual brushing concluded in favor of electrical device. A fractionated multi-jet oral irrigator has been developed for the plaque removal and product a gingival massage. This point was demonstrated by recording an accelerate arterial blood flow within the gingiva. The third part relates a model of transfert of technology between research labs and industry. The author has been able to develop the marketing of all his products over th world. The production is carried out by a factory in France. Prospectives projects in research and developmant are summarized in the last part
Gargouri, Nadia. "Impact du brossage dentaire au fluorure de sodium chez les personnes âgées en perte d'autonomie vivant dans des centres d'accueil." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29003/29003.pdf.
Full textCoelho, Cristina. "Actinobacillus actinomycetemconitus et capnocytophaga spp. Dans le système écologique buccal chez des individus sains et des patients porteurs de parodontite." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30049.
Full textBenguigui, Catherine. "État bucco-dentaire et désordres métaboliques." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1793/.
Full textBackground: Poor oral conditions have been previously related to metabolic disorders, such as poor glycemic control, endothelial dysfunction, abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. These disturbances are part of specific metabolic state, the so-called "Metabolic Syndrome" defined by a cluster of clinical and biological abnormalities, influenced by insulin-resistance and promoting cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Several epidemiological studies have suggested that periodontitis, an infectious inflammatory disease affecting the tissues around the teeth, is associated with metabolic disorders. These relationships could be mediated by infection, low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance, but investigations are still needed to better understand the relationships linking oral conditions and metabolic disorders. The aims of our researches were to assess the potential associations between metabolic syndrome, its various components, insulin-resistance, and periodontitis, and to explore oral conditions related to obesity in a cross sectional study. Materials and Methods: The study included 276 subjects (35-74 years) recruited within MONALISA Haute-Garonne cross-sectional survey. Twenty-one were excluded because of infectious risk or total tooth loss. Anthropometric data, cardiovascular risks factors and biological parameters were collected. Data collection also included a food-frequency questionnaire for a part of the sample (186 subjects). Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Probing Pocket Depth (PD), gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were recorded. Periodontitis was classified into moderate and severe forms according the definition proposed by Page & Eke 2007. Results: We have shown in the first publication, the existence of significant associations between HOMA-index (homeostasis model assessment of insulin-resistance) a marker of insulin resistance and severe periodontitis after a full adjustment on periodontitis risk factors. Insulin resistance was also found to be associated with the number of periodontal sites with CAL = 4 mm, CAL = 5 mm, or PD = 4 mm (greater number for higher HOMA-index values). This disappeared in never-smokers. In a second paper, we have found significant relationships between markers of poor oral conditions such as dental plaque (PI = 2) and probing pocket depth (PD = 4 mm) and high BMI or obesity, after various adjustments on risk factors for obesity including plasma insulin, energy intake, dietary patterns, physical activity level and CRP. Conclusion: Our results pointed out the key role of insulin resistance in the relationships between metabolic disorders and periodontitis and identified dental plaque and pockets deep as two oral conditions related to obesity. Future researches will have to focus on the investigation of the respective roles of inflammation, oral microflora and insulin-resistance on weight gain. Prospective follow-ups and experimental studies will explore the related causal chain
Tchéré, séka Iphigénie marie-laure. "Surveillance de la santé bucco-dentaire en Afrique : recommandations méthodologiques pour le recueil standard d’informations." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10278.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the activities of the World Health Organization relative to the implementation and the distribution of standard tools in the African countries to reach an efficient integration of the essential oral health indicators in surveillance in African countries. These essentials indicators fit into the objectives of the new millennium and exceed the idea according to which " the social problems have to be developed in an isolated way. To be in phase with this new paradigm, African countries have to face these new approaches which require that efforts be realized in all development sectors. Twenty two indicators recommended by the World Health Organization for the African region give opportunities to improve oral health activities on the national level and develop an integrated community approach which is the more operational for surveillance and prevention of oral diseases. The collect of the indicators in Ivory Coast motivates this study, which results are recorded in this document. The findings are the result of many years of research and practice related to the implementation and development of oral health activities in Côte d'Ivoire. Two questionnaires were evaluated and measure respectively oral health indicators for general population, and for children and teenagers. Analyses conclude in relatively good psychometrics properties, but imply the taking account of many recommendations which aim to increase the validity and the feasibility of these questionnaires in the context of the Côte d'Ivoire. Their generalization in the African region requires future researches in a way of their optimization in an integrated operational community based-approach, and a redefinition of the role of local actors in sanitary district
Catteau, Céline. "Evaluation d'une mesure nationale expérimentale d'amélioration de l'hygiène bucco-dentaire en établissement médico-social : le Projet Santé Orale et Autonomie." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF1DD01/document.
Full textOral hygiene practices in special care establishments are clearly unsatisfactory, increasing the risk of infectious oral disease and associated morbidity for the population attending these establishments. The 'Oral Health and Autonomy' project was part of the French Oral Health Plan for 2006-2009. Dentists taking in part in the project completed an online training course and were reimbursed for the implementation of an oral health promotion intervention in a special care establishment. The interventions followed a standardised, common protocol, which included: 1) a conference presentation for the staff, 2) individualised oral risk assessment for each resident and 3) hands-on workshops demonstrating oral hygiene techniques for the residents accompanied by their key workers. This document describes and evaluates the impact of the 'Oral Health and Autonomy' project. Twenty-six dentists completed the project. After completion of the online training course, the self-efficacy of the dentists in 16 specific skills significantly increased. A decrease in the presence of dental plaque was observed for 33.7% of the residents (n = 691). Improvement in oral hygiene behaviour within the establishment was observed for 11.5% of the residents (n=814). This study is the first to show the relatively low impact of this type of intervention and suggests that different approaches to oral health promotion should be used in conjunction to improve outcomes
Lesure, Sandrine. "Soins et hygiène des pieds au quotidien." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P032.
Full textVinay, Nicolas. "Stratégie de promotion de la santé orale chez l'enfant et étude de l'efficacité d'un programme mené dans les établissements scolaires de Montpellier." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS007.
Full textIn 2003, the World Health Organization Global Oral Health Program has been refocused under the new strategy of integration of oral health in the prevention of chronic and non communicable diseases. Health promotion is recognized as an economically cost-effective strategy to reduce both the social and economic burden of oral diseases, maintain good oral health and quality of life. The school is an effective way to promote health because it allows access to millions of schoolchildren around the world. Oral health promotion through schools, which aims to develop healthy living habits and effective oral hygiene practices, because of an integrated combination approach of public health policy, health education focused on the acquisition of skills and a healthy school environment, enables an effective control of oral diseases and their prevalence reduction. School-based oral health prevention programs set up locally meet those objectives. At the initiative of the Dental Faculty of Montpellier, a school-based oral health prevention, promotion and education program has been implemented onto a 4 to 13 years old children sample over a four years period. The study of its effectiveness was evaluated by knowledge and oral hygiene practices improvement after teaching interventions, but also by the improvement of the plaque index score. Otherwise, dental screenings realized in the course of this program have led us to assess the caries prevalence of children in the city of Montpellier. Taking into account the distribution of carious lesions inside the population studied, different regression models have been tested and a possible association with body mass index researched. Lastly, this program also gave us the opportunity to evaluate the effect of oral health education measures on the parents of schoolchildren in connection with the transmission of knowledge acquired by the children to their parents and to highlight a possible change in behaviour among these
Bellaïche, Philippe. "Hygiène bucco-dentaire : conseil à l'officine." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P102.
Full textTardif, Isabelle. "Étude d'observation des pratiques de soins buccodentaires en centre d'hébergement et de soins de longue durée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24086/24086.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this research project was primarily to observe the actual daily oral care provided by nursing staff in long-term care facilities for 26 cognitively impaired residents. The communication strategies used by the staff and the behavioral response of the residents were also recorded. The results show that almost half of the residents had their teeth or dental prostheses brushed by the staff. The nursing staff used several communication strategies but practically never used the advanced strategies for cognitively impaired residents. The results also suggest a statistically significant relation between the manifestation of behavioral symptoms and oral care provided by nursing staff. Higher levels of agitation were observed in situation where residents had no oral care provided. Those results suggest that cognitively impaired residents of long-term care received insufficient oral care. Therefore, nurses should exercise their clinical leadership to ensure that adequate oral care be provided to long-term care residents.
Parayre, Séverine. "Médecine, hygiène et pratiques scolaires de la fin de l'Ancien Régime au début de la Troisième République." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H075.
Full textThis research is devoted to the concerns of the health of the pupils within the school establishments. We recalled how and by which processes the pedagogues, the parents and the State had taken into account the care of the body and the health of the pupils, at the same time in secondary and primary school. The study starts at the end of Ancien Regime, time of changes in the mode of life of the pupils, as much for their food, that for their physical exercises and the fitting of school space, changes which precede another way of preserving health, managing the discipline and making pedagogy. This research prolonged at the XIXe century makes it possible to highlight the upheavals for hygiene and medicine at school, to redefine the medical priorities and the new intervening actors. Finally, at the beginning of the Third Republic, school hygiene is born and will not cease developing
Atlani-Duault, Laëtitia. "Nations Unies, société civile et bonne gouvernance. Ethnographie des politiques internationales de prévention du VIH en Asie centrale et en Transcaucasie post-soviétiques (1994-2001)." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100026.
Full textThe principal impact of this ethnography is that it provides an in-depth examination of the institutional processes, categories and stages through which the United Nations have have defined and elaborated the notions of "civil society" and "good gouvernance" in their HIV prevention programs in Central Asia and Transcaucasia, and then analyses how these notions come to be translated and applied on the ground (between 1994 and 2001). As such, the etnography 1) decribes the waysin which these discourses and practices have, in recent years, become normalized and have penetrated people's daily lives, 2) the various modes of questionning, problematizing and destabilizing that have been formulated by local actors in opposition to these normalizing discourses; and 3) how these local resistances have, in part, been incorporated into changing ideological and practical fields at the United Nations
Becade, Anne. "Soins du cheveu : usage externe et compléments oraux." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU32025.
Full textArnouat, Sandrine. "Produits d'hygiène pour le bain et la douche." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF1P002.
Full textCôté, Lori, and Lori Côté. "Participation des patients à l'audit de l'hygiène des mains des soignants : une étude pilote." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37882.
Full textTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2019-2020
L’hygiène des mains (HDM) est la mesure la plus importante pour prévenir les infections nosocomiales. L’audit des pratiques d’HDM est essentiel à son amélioration. L’Organisation mondiale de la santé suggère que les patients peuvent procéder à l’audit, mais peu d’études ont exploré cette avenue. Une étude exploratoire de type pilote a été réalisée auprès de patients hospitalisés à l’unité de chirurgie bariatrique de l’IUCPQ-UL1 (Canada), afin d’explorer : 1) la faisabilité d’impliquer les patients pour auditer les pratiques d’HDM des soignants « avant le contact avec le patient ou son environnement » (acceptation, compétence, réalisation du comportement), 2) les variables psychosociales associées au comportement d’audit, 3) le vécu des patients-auditeurs. Aux phases A (n=14) et B (n=25) de l’étude, les patients ont été formés pour auditer l’HDM. Leur compétence a été vérifiée, puis ils ont procédé à l’audit pendant 24 heures. À la phase B, les déterminants du comportement (analyses multivariées) et le vécu des patients ont été mesurés à l’aide de questionnaires fidèles et valides développés pour l’étude. Une proportion appréciable des patients ont accepté de participer (57% (17/30)), ont démontré la compétence d’auditer (93% (13/14)) et ont réalisé le comportement (100% (12/12)). Deux patients se sont retirés de l’étude et deux autres ont obtenu leur congé avant la fin de l’étude. La norme morale et la perception du contrôle comportemental ont expliqué 86% de la variabilité de l’intention de réaliser l’audit. Le niveau de scolarité a expliqué 50% de la variabilité de la fréquence du comportement. 94% (30/32) des patients ont rapporté une expérience générale positive. 80% (16/20) ont trouvé l’audit facile à réaliser. Il est possible d’impliquer les patients hospitalisés en chirurgie bariatrique à titre d’auditeurs prospectifs de l’HDM des soignants et ils en retirent une expérience positive. Il est justifié d’investiguer davantage l’avenue du patientauditeur de l’HDM.
L’hygiène des mains (HDM) est la mesure la plus importante pour prévenir les infections nosocomiales. L’audit des pratiques d’HDM est essentiel à son amélioration. L’Organisation mondiale de la santé suggère que les patients peuvent procéder à l’audit, mais peu d’études ont exploré cette avenue. Une étude exploratoire de type pilote a été réalisée auprès de patients hospitalisés à l’unité de chirurgie bariatrique de l’IUCPQ-UL1 (Canada), afin d’explorer : 1) la faisabilité d’impliquer les patients pour auditer les pratiques d’HDM des soignants « avant le contact avec le patient ou son environnement » (acceptation, compétence, réalisation du comportement), 2) les variables psychosociales associées au comportement d’audit, 3) le vécu des patients-auditeurs. Aux phases A (n=14) et B (n=25) de l’étude, les patients ont été formés pour auditer l’HDM. Leur compétence a été vérifiée, puis ils ont procédé à l’audit pendant 24 heures. À la phase B, les déterminants du comportement (analyses multivariées) et le vécu des patients ont été mesurés à l’aide de questionnaires fidèles et valides développés pour l’étude. Une proportion appréciable des patients ont accepté de participer (57% (17/30)), ont démontré la compétence d’auditer (93% (13/14)) et ont réalisé le comportement (100% (12/12)). Deux patients se sont retirés de l’étude et deux autres ont obtenu leur congé avant la fin de l’étude. La norme morale et la perception du contrôle comportemental ont expliqué 86% de la variabilité de l’intention de réaliser l’audit. Le niveau de scolarité a expliqué 50% de la variabilité de la fréquence du comportement. 94% (30/32) des patients ont rapporté une expérience générale positive. 80% (16/20) ont trouvé l’audit facile à réaliser. Il est possible d’impliquer les patients hospitalisés en chirurgie bariatrique à titre d’auditeurs prospectifs de l’HDM des soignants et ils en retirent une expérience positive. Il est justifié d’investiguer davantage l’avenue du patientauditeur de l’HDM.
Hand hygiene (HH) is the most important measure to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Audit of HH practices is a key step towards its improvement. The World Health Organization suggests that patients can perform HH audits, but few studies have explored this avenue. A pilot-type exploratory study was conducted among patients hospitalized at the IUCPQ-UL2‘s bariatric surgery unit to explore: 1) the feasibility of involving patients to audit healthcare workers’s (HCW) HH practice “before contact with the patient or their environment” (acceptance, competence, performing the behavior), 2) psychosocial variables associated with auditing behavior, and 3) patient-auditors experience. In phases A (n=14) and B (n=25) of the study, patients were trained to audit HCW’s HH. Following verification of their competency, they performed HH audits over a 24-hour period. In phase B, the behavioral determinants (multivariate analysis) and patient-auditors experience were measured with questionnaires developed for this study and for which the criteria of fidelity and validity have been met. An appreciable proportion of patients agreed to participate (57% (17/30)), demonstrated competence to perform HH audits (93% (13/14)) and performed the behavior (100% (12/12)). Two patients withdrew from the study and two others discharged before the end of the study. Moral norm and perceived behavioral control accounted for 86% of the variability of the intention to perform the audit. The level of education accounted for 50% of the variability in behavioral frequency. 94% (30/32) of patients reported a positive overall experience. 80% (16/20) found the audits easy to accomplish In conclusion, it is possible to involve patients hospitalized on a bariatric surgery unit as prospective auditors of HCW’s HH and their overall experience is positive. These results could be taken into account when planning future interventions involving patient-auditors. Further investigations of this avenue are warranted.
Hand hygiene (HH) is the most important measure to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Audit of HH practices is a key step towards its improvement. The World Health Organization suggests that patients can perform HH audits, but few studies have explored this avenue. A pilot-type exploratory study was conducted among patients hospitalized at the IUCPQ-UL2‘s bariatric surgery unit to explore: 1) the feasibility of involving patients to audit healthcare workers’s (HCW) HH practice “before contact with the patient or their environment” (acceptance, competence, performing the behavior), 2) psychosocial variables associated with auditing behavior, and 3) patient-auditors experience. In phases A (n=14) and B (n=25) of the study, patients were trained to audit HCW’s HH. Following verification of their competency, they performed HH audits over a 24-hour period. In phase B, the behavioral determinants (multivariate analysis) and patient-auditors experience were measured with questionnaires developed for this study and for which the criteria of fidelity and validity have been met. An appreciable proportion of patients agreed to participate (57% (17/30)), demonstrated competence to perform HH audits (93% (13/14)) and performed the behavior (100% (12/12)). Two patients withdrew from the study and two others discharged before the end of the study. Moral norm and perceived behavioral control accounted for 86% of the variability of the intention to perform the audit. The level of education accounted for 50% of the variability in behavioral frequency. 94% (30/32) of patients reported a positive overall experience. 80% (16/20) found the audits easy to accomplish In conclusion, it is possible to involve patients hospitalized on a bariatric surgery unit as prospective auditors of HCW’s HH and their overall experience is positive. These results could be taken into account when planning future interventions involving patient-auditors. Further investigations of this avenue are warranted.
Résumé en espagnol
Résumé en espagnol
Delbende, Marion. "De la naturalité dans les risques perçus des pratiques de soins du corps : mise en regard Brésil, Chine, France." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H017.
Full textThis work questions the perception and the experience of natularity in cosmetic practices as an answer to the risks by a comparison between Brazil, China and France. Unlike a media speech in which cosmetic practices are a source of well-being and hedonist pleasure, it put a deep analysis forward into the notion of risk. The imaginative world of risk shows a relation to the body split in focalization zones on which risks are concentrated. The cosmetic practices create both physical risks, impacting the individual on his bodyness, and social risks, impacting the individual on his interactions. This risk’s acknowledgement causes some strategies set-ups to reduce it. It clarifies then the concept of naturality by expressing it in both body care and cosmetic products. These basis finally allow a confrontation between these two notions. This confrontation highlights the perception and the experienced naturality as an answer to the risks according to different ways of commitment. This work allows as well a methodological contribution to the international comparison by the construction of a common model showing some cultural specificities
Michau, Nadine. "Soins esthétiques du visage : une enquête filmique en milieu professionnel." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100163.
Full textFranckel, Aurélien. "Les comportements de recours aux soins en milieu rural au Sénégal : le cas des enfants fébriles à Niakhar." Paris 10, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195109.
Full textMalaria is a serious infectious disease which claims more than a million lives each year and which strikes 80% of African children. This situation is partly due to sanitary and social factors. This thesis deals focuses on the different ways to heal children with a fever, in Senegal. The results show that children are mainly tended at home while very few people resort to sanitary structures, that people wait a long time before taking their children and that they do not follow the prescriptions so well. However, people tend to be pragmatic in their responses as they are faced with deficient biomedical care. The child's health is taken care of on a collective basis, in which each member of the family cell as a specific role to play. The way people resort to medical care varies according to numerous elements, among which illness characteristics, the morphology of the family cell and contextual parameters
Fontaine-Dumont, Aurélie. "Les représentations professionnelles : analyse d'un concept en émergence dans le champ des représentations sociales : application à la représentation de l'hygiène." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084117.
Full textThis thesis has a dual purpose. On the one hand to provide some points for discussion with regards to the professional representation theory which remains an underdeveloped field of study in social psychology. For this first aim, we try (i) to highlight the specific and common features between social and professional representations and (ii) to explore the variables that may have an impact on the development of professional representations. On the other hand, the second purpose is to bring practical knowledge about hygiene in order to improve compliance with protocols in public and private organizations. To achieve those two objectives, we tested the effect of three variables: type of training, level of knowledge and frequency of practices. Professionals and nonprofessionals (researchers and technicians) participated in the study which took place in a questionnaire in the form of a verbal association task. Data processing was carried out by three additional analyses: prototypical, similitude analysis and three-compenential analysis. These results showed important distinctions despite a shared knowledge basis. We observed an impact of every tested variable which translated into a significant development of professional representations (contents and structures). We finished with (i) the advance of the thoughts related to the special features of professional representations compared with social representations and (ii) the impact of outcomes related to hygiene on professional trainings
Montoya, Julie. "Parcours de soins d’enfants "roms" : Enquête ethnographique dans un bidonville." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1A003.
Full textThis research concerns health care for “Romani” children and adolescents living in shanty towns in Pas-de-Calais (France). It aims at understanding their healthcare pathways and the specific role taken by their mothers and volunteers of a humanitarian aid organization, Médecins du Monde. In this light, we consider the care given to these children with a social exclusion perspective. Despite the plans meant to facilitate access to healthcare by “excluded” patients, our fieldwork showed the difficulties for “Romani” families to reach those. Health mediation set in place by Médecins du Monde then comes to alleviate these shortcomings. Based on 22 months of ethnographic study, we followed the path taken by “Romani” children and adolescents, trying to understand what they tell us about the french healthcare system, and about humanitarian aid interventions in France. Our thesis sheds light on the institutionalized stages of three healthcare pathways in the shanty town, with city doctors and hospitals. The complexity of some procedures, like the PASS plan in hospital, does not guarantee equal treatment in healthcare. The interstices within these trajectories, including commuting and waiting rooms, give us material on the socialization of these children and their mothers. Accessing a healthcare facility represents a form of meeting, which leads us to consider care as an activity restoring social ties.Healthcare pathways also show the role of volunteers from Médecins du Monde. The latter elaborate mediation activities varying according to their socialization and representations of volunteer aid work. Mothers, on the other hand, engage in tactics to choose among mediators and their methods, which documents a pragmatic use of activity. Finally, the care given to children by mothers and Médecins du Monde workers show a specific handling with a diminishing care with age progression. Although actors pay crucial attention to the well-being of babies and small children, care fades away during childhood, particularly for boys. The progressive coming to adolescence demonstrates unequal care along the lines of sex, which polarizes around gynecological and obstetric care for girls, while boys, deemed manly and autonomous, do not use the care plans offered by Médecins du Monde.On a final note, healthcare pathways question access to care by poor and foreign patients, as well as humanitarian aid work. They also put forth the role of two central actors in the thesis: the mothers and their implication in healthcare pathways; the children and what their paths bring along in a context of social exclusion
Martin, Caroline. "Contribution d'un programme de soutien postnatal à domicile en matière de santé maternelle : le point de vue des mères utilisatrices." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27708.
Full textBackground: The postnatal period is an important moment where mothers face many challenges. In Quebec there is a postnatal home-visiting program called "Relevailles" provided by various non-profit organizations. Although this program has been defined in the past, little is known about the activities performed by perinatal assistants especially from the users’ perspectives. Furthermore, how “Relevailles" intervenes on maternal health promotion, more specifically on the development of individual health-enhancing skills remains unknown. Objectives: To understand how the activities of perinatal assistants can intervene on meeting the needs of the mothers and on the development of individual health-enhancing skills. Method: A qualitative explanatory study based on secondary analysis of data including individual interviews and documentary sources (N = 43). A total of 28 mothers, utilizing the “Relevailles” from seven organizations distributed in five regions of Quebec participated in individual interviews. Content analysis was carried out with the QDA Miner software and relied on a framework inspired by the perinatal maternal health promotion model by Fahey and Shenassa (2013). Results: Several findings emerged from the analysis of maternal speech: 1) the needs of mothers were different in nature; 2) activities performed by perinatal assistants were varied and they could satisfy several needs of mothers; 3) these activities could promote the development of the mothers’ individual health-enhancing skills. Conclusion: The “Relevailles” program contributes to the promotion of maternal health by potentiating the development of mothers’ individual health-enhancing skills allowing them to take better care of themselves and their children. Key words: Home-based support, public health, preventive health, perinatal health, mother health
Comet, Laurence. "Les shampooings antipelliculaires : le conseil à l'officine face à l'affection pelliculaire." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2P093.
Full textSimon, Valérie. "Odontologie et univers carcéral." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR20046.
Full textMorin, Laurianne. "Cascades de prévention et de soins du VIH chez les travailleuses du sexe au Bénin, Afrique de l'Ouest." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67318.
Full textBackground & Objectives: Benin has a long-standing history of HIV prevention programs aimed atfemale sex workers (FSWs). Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment is available in Benin since 2002 and a testand-treat strategy was adopted in 2016. We used data from a national survey among FSWs (2017) toassess the prevention and care cascades in this population. Methods: FSWs were recruited through cluster sampling of sex work sites. After informed consent, a questionnaire was administered, and HIV tested with sequential rapid tests whose results were givenback to participants. After a second consent, HIV-positive participants were asked to provide driedblood spots (DBS). DBS were tested for ARV and viral load. We assessed two prevention cascades(HIV testing and safer sex) and the treatment cascade, using a combination of self-reported andbiological variables for defining HIV-positive status knowledge and being on treatment. Results: Mean age of the 1086 FSWs was 30 years. Only half of them were Beninese and two-thirdshad a primary school education level or less. Almost all FSWs had ever heard of HIV/AIDS. 79.1%had ever been tested, and 84.1% of the latter had been tested in the last year. In the previous sixmonths, 90.1% were exposed to prevention messages. Of those, over two thirds (72.8%) had seen a condom demonstration during the same period and 92% of the latter received free condoms in thelast three months. Women exposed to any HIV prevention message (last six months) reported a higherlevel of consistent condom use in the last month (69.0%) than those who were not (48.5%, p<0.0001).HIV prevalence was 7.7%. Among HIV-positive women, 60.6% knew their status; among those,90.5% were on ARV and 81.8% of the latter had a suppressed viral load.Conclusions: Despite long-standing HIV prevention programs for FSWs, the prevention indicators were often low, likely in relation to high FSW mobility, as half of them were migrants. Linkage to carewas good, viral suppression was sub-optimal, but knowledge of HIV-positive status was very low. Exposing women to prevention messages is necessary, as to increase HIV testing and improveadherence counselling towards FSWs on ARV.
Avogadro, Laurence. "La santé et le recours aux soins des "sans domicile fixe" à Paris." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20024.
Full textHomeless people should be considered as genuine actors in our society. Only in such a way it is possible to take into account the life of these citizens as far as access to health and health is concerned. The fact is that we cannot improve health and health care without the total involvement of those who are concerned. Indeed these people do not ask for health care or do it too late. Similarly the health care professionals misunderstand this category of peolple and subsequently fail to recognize their real needs. Therefore a working relationship between the homeless and the health care professionals becomes a reality only when the images the homeless have about their own health, diseases and bodies are taken into account. From this experience we also gain the means to improve the health care offered. There can be no real access to health care as long as the health care services do not take into consideration the specific needs of the homeless
Cossou-Gbeto, Inheldia, and Inheldia Cossou-Gbeto. "Évaluation de la formation portant sur l'approche centrée sur la personne dans le cadre du projet d'amélioration de la santé des mères et des enfants." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37536.
Full textLa deuxième phase du programme d’amélioration de la santé des mères et des enfants au Burkina Faso a développé et implanté une formation portant sur l’approche centrée sur la personne dans les soins maternels pour les professionnels de la santé afin d’améliorer la qualité des soins. Il a aussi prévu d’évaluer cette formation qui fait l’objet de ce travail. L’objectif est : 1) d’évaluer la fidélité de l’implantation de la formation ACP, 2) d’évaluer les déterminants contextuels (les facteurs ayant influencés l’implantation et le résultat du projet) et 3) d’évaluer les effets immédiats. Elle a été réalisée à l’aide de trois modèles : le « Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity », « The presage, process and product (3P) model of learning and teaching » et le modèle intégré. Cette évaluation a été conduite dans une perspective d’évaluation participative afin de renforcer l’utilisation des résultats de l’évaluation et de permettre le renforcement des capacités des acteurs. Il s’agit d’une recherche évaluative qui a combiné des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives. La composante qualitative est basée sur une analyse documentaire et des entrevues auprès de sept (7) acteurs impliqués dans le projet. La composante quantitative a été faite à l’aide des questionnaires : 1) de satisfaction, 2) d’apprentissage et 3) le DPC-Réaction. Les résultats de la composante qualitative ont montré que l’approche participative utilisée a permis des ajustements dans l’implantation de la formation. Les résultats de la composante quantitative ont aussi montré une satisfaction élevée des participants à la formation ACP, une augmentation des connaissances acquises après la formation ACP et une intention élevée de changement de comportement des professionnels de la santé. Ces résultats présentent aussi les recommandations des participants afin d’améliorer la formation.
The second phase of the Maternal and Child Health Improvement Program in Burkina Faso has developed and implemented training on the person-centred approach (PCA) in maternal care for health professionals to improve quality care. It also planned to evaluate this training, which is the subject of this work. The objective is: 1) to evaluate the implementation fidelity of the PCA training, 2) to evaluate the contextual determinants (the factors that influenced the implementation and the outcome of the project) and 3) to evaluate the immediate effects. It was carried out using three models: the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity, the presage, process and product (3P) model of learning and teaching and the integrated model. This evaluation was conducted in a participatory evaluation perspective in order to strengthen the use of the evaluation results and to enable the capacity building of the actors. It is an evaluative research that has combined qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative component is based on a documentary analysis and interviews with 7 actors involved in the project. The quantitative component was done using questionnaires: 1) satisfaction, 2) learning and 3) CPD-Reaction. The results of the qualitative component showed that the participatory approach used allowed adjustments in the implementation of the training. The results of the quantitative component also showed a high satisfaction of PCA training participants, an increase in knowledge gained after PCA training and a high intention of behavioural change among health professionals. These results also present participants’
The second phase of the Maternal and Child Health Improvement Program in Burkina Faso has developed and implemented training on the person-centred approach (PCA) in maternal care for health professionals to improve quality care. It also planned to evaluate this training, which is the subject of this work. The objective is: 1) to evaluate the implementation fidelity of the PCA training, 2) to evaluate the contextual determinants (the factors that influenced the implementation and the outcome of the project) and 3) to evaluate the immediate effects. It was carried out using three models: the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity, the presage, process and product (3P) model of learning and teaching and the integrated model. This evaluation was conducted in a participatory evaluation perspective in order to strengthen the use of the evaluation results and to enable the capacity building of the actors. It is an evaluative research that has combined qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative component is based on a documentary analysis and interviews with 7 actors involved in the project. The quantitative component was done using questionnaires: 1) satisfaction, 2) learning and 3) CPD-Reaction. The results of the qualitative component showed that the participatory approach used allowed adjustments in the implementation of the training. The results of the quantitative component also showed a high satisfaction of PCA training participants, an increase in knowledge gained after PCA training and a high intention of behavioural change among health professionals. These results also present participants’
Bationo, Bouma Fernand. "Santé publique, hygiène et société (s) au Burkina Faso : soins de santé maternelle et infantile et comportements socio-thérapeutiques des Lyela dans la province du Sanguié." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL1A001.
Full textGuay, Manon. "Validation d'un algorithme utilisé par l'auxiliaire aux services de santé et sociaux lors de la détermination du besoin d'équipements au bain avec les personnes en perte d'autonomie vivant à domicile." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3939.
Full textPons, Catherine. "Détention et santé : applications et implications de la loi du 18 janvier 1994 dans les prisons toulousaines : maison d' arrêt de Saint-Michel et centre de détention de Muret." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10047.
Full textCenturies after centuries, the practice of medecine has expanded in the prison universe, and another role, a more sociological one, has been assigned to its initial curative mission. The gradual reforms give a clear indication of the authorities will to recognize the rights inherent in any indvidual, not questioned by the decision of prison sentence whose "health right" is one of the most essential. The mode of application and the inadequacy of means have demonstrated the deficiences of autarthic penitentiary medecine. The right to dispose of care could only take shape as part of a policy of penitenciary non-obstruction whose quintessence is the law of january 18th 1994, related to public health and social protection. Therefore, only the public hospital service is entitled to lavish somatic and psychiatric care on prisoners inside of the penitenciary institution
Gérard, Baudry. "Mise au point d'une méthode de culture de cellules épidermiques humaines dans le cadre des méthodes alternatives." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT091P.
Full textPaoli, Géraldine. "Les sans-domicile fixe à l'hôpital Saint André de Bordeaux : à propos de 228 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M044.
Full textMichels-Gabuteau, Hélène. "La brillance cutanée liée au sebum." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P034.
Full textBrou, Kouadio. "Soigner les enfants en Côte d'Ivoire en période de crise : l'utilisation des soins de santé modernes à Jacqueville." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H016.
Full textThis paper analyses the use of modem medical care for Jacqueville's children. It is based on a demographic survey made in 1993 in Jacqueville (a town in south Cote d'lvoire) and a socio-anthropological survey made in 1993 and 1997. It shows, between the analyse ofivorian heath policy, that crisis (economical, political and social) which caracterise this country since 1980, is unfavourable for the use of modem medical care. And the analyse of concrete behaviour in Jacqueville allows to specify that this context handicaps the supply of medical modem care. But in this crisis context, modem medicine is highly used for children care : all women use prenatal care, 85% of children are born in hospital, and 60% have been vaccinated. This important use is du to the faith of population in this heath system, even if, alimentation of children is not manage by this system. This behaviour in based on network of solidarity. So, infra and extrafamilial solidarity are efficient means to support children heath costs. But these networks are not spared by financial difficulties. They put emphasis on the aid of the close family. And certain households don't receive the aid of networks. They are obliged to adont others strategies to obtain modem medical cure, often prejudicial for children
Remaury, Bruno. "La belle femme en santé : représentations et imaginaire physiologique du féminin." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0026.
Full textGauthier, Myriam. "Étude exploratoire sur les expériences de santé et de soin d'adolescentes immigrantes de la ville de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25292/25292.pdf.
Full textNdeikoundam, Ngangro Ndeindo. "Les déterminants du recours aux soins des patients tuberculeux en milieu urbain au Tchad." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833401.
Full textDramé, Fatou Maria. "Une géographie de la santé de la reproduction : de l'offre de soins aux pratiques spatiales des femmes à Dakar (Sénégal)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100028.
Full textReproductive health, since its definition by world community in 1994, states that access to health services is a reproductive right. Physical accessibility of services is usually analysed in geography. Studying health policy in Senegal, allows us to place the specificity of reproductive health program and of the region of Dakar. The diversity of services' supply, the taboo aspects of certain subjects on the one hand, the extent of maternal and child mortalities as well as the situation of the capital between an important supply of services and nevertheless shortage areas, on the other hand, show how original the survey is. Reproductive health services' accessibility is analysed by a geography of localization and a geography of catchments areas. They underline localizations factors such as markets, bus stations, as well as integration in social services. The catchments areas are analysed in accordance with the differences between theoretical catchments areas and effective ones, showed in accordance with the type of service and the season. The characteristics of women who consult the investigated reproductive health services, underline the importance of social context and the distribution of women with obstetrical risk. Accessibility and utilization of services, finally, allows us to make an intra-regional typology and improve the analysis of needs regarding reproductive health
Anguille, Nathalie. "Dermatite atopique et peau sèche." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU32042.
Full textDinet, Marie-Christine. "Contribution à la constitution d'un dossier cosmétique : le soluté podologique ACTO." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOP023.
Full textYaogo, Maurice. "Pratiques de soins et faits de développement : le cas des itinéraires thérapeutiques dans la région de Bagré (Burkina Faso)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0131.
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