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Journal articles on the topic 'Deoxidizing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Lee, Bo-Young, Dae-Hyeon Lee, and Keon-Soo Jang. "Impact Modifiers and Compatibilizers for Versatile Epoxy-Based Adhesive Films with Curing and Deoxidizing Capabilities." Polymers 13, no. 7 (2021): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071129.

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Epoxy resins with acidic compounds feature adhesion, robustness, and deoxidizing ability. In this study, hybrid adhesive films with deoxidizing and curing capabilities for semiconductor packaging were fabricated. The compatibilizing effects and mechanical properties were chiefly investigated by using various additive binders (thermoplastic amorphous polymers) and compatibilizing agents. The curing, deoxidizing, thermal, and rheological properties were systematically investigated. For uniform film formation and maximizing deoxidizing curable abilities, a thermoplastic--thermoset mixture containing a phenyl and carboxylic acid-based additive (benzoic acid), and a polycarbonate was chosen as the model adhesive film. Without either a phenyl or an acidic group in the compatibilizing agent, deoxidizing and compatibilizing effects were not achieved. The manufactured hybrid adhesive film can be effectively used, especially for electronic devices that require deoxidization and adhesion.

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2

Rozhkova, O. V. "Influence of deoxidizing powder on the internal surface of hot-rolled pipes." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2019-1-61-65.

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The article describes the experience of using deoxidizing powder in the technological process of production of hot-rolled seamless pipes; the processes that occur when applying to the inner surface of the hollow billet deoxidizing powder. The results of experimental and industrial tests of deoxidizing powder of different chemical composition are presented. The influence of the chemical composition of the deoxidizing powder on the formation of defects on the inner surface of the pipes is shown. Describes the stages of metallographic analysis of the defects on the inner surface of the pipe, provided the reasons for the formation of the defect «pipe rolling lap (skin)».

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3

Cao, Zhi Qin, Min Xian Fang, and Ze Rong Li. "The Research of Carbonization and Deoxidizing V₂O₅ at Low Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.344.

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This paper studies the influence of carbonization and deoxidizing of V2O5 by carbon coefficient, carbonation temperature and carbonization time at low temperature and gains function equation about the deoxidizing rate and three of the influence factors, which using V2O5 as raw materials and high purity carbon powder as reducing agent. Base on analysing the function , the optimum technological conditions of carbonization and deoxidizing of V2O5 at low temperature are carbon coefficient:0.95, carbonation temperature(carbonization time): the first stage 650°C（3h）and the second stage 900°C（120min）.

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4

Razavi-Zadeh, Hekmat, and S. Mirdamadi.T. "Deoxidizing Copper with CaB6." JOM 39, no. 2 (1987): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03259470.

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5

Grudnitsky, О. M. "The experience of using calcium carbide for the deoxidation of steel to replace aluminum in the conditions of OJSC «BSW – Management company of the holding «BMC»." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-2-53-58.

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The article deals with issues related to the use of calcium carbide in steelmaking, instead of secondary aluminum and other deoxidizing materials, in order to reduce the cost of deoxidizing steel and slag.It was assumed that reducing the content of aluminum in the metal of the reinforcing steel grade would improve its spillability, and by improving the spillability, the yield of usable metal would increase. It was also expected that as a result of the use of calcium carbide for deoxidizing the coating slag in the ladle, the degree of contamination of cord steel with non-metallic inclusions would decrease.During the tests, the optimal amount of additive material was determined. In General, as a result of the work carried out, it was found that calcium carbide can be used for deoxidation of slag and metal during extra-furnace steel processingThe methods of adding the material are described in detail. The results of this work are presented.

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6

Alexandrov, A. A., V. Ya Dashevskii та L. I. Leont’ev. "Оxygen solubility in melts of Ni – Co system at complex deoxidation by aluminium and silicon". Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, № 11 (2019): 870–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-11-870-878.

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Alloys of Ni – Co system are widely used in industry. Oxygen is one of the harmful impurities in these alloys; in metal it is present in dissolved form or in the form of nonmetallic inclusions. Getting the finished metal with a minimum oxygen concentration is one of the main tasks of production process of these alloys. With the complex deoxidation of the metal melt, the activity of oxides resulting from the deoxidation process is less than one, due to this, with the same content of deoxidizing elements, it is possible to obtain a metal with a lower oxygen concentration, therefore, more deeply deoxidized. At joint deoxidation with two deoxidizers, a stronger deoxidizer takes a predominant part in the reaction, however, if oxides of the deoxidizing elements form chemical compounds, it contributes to participation of a weaker deoxidizer in deoxidation process. A thermodynamic analysis of the joint influence of aluminum and silicon on the solubility of oxygen in the melts of Ni – Co system has been performed. Deoxidation reaction products may be formed as mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2 ), and kyanite (Al2O3·SiO2 ). Presence of silicon in the melt enhances the deoxidizing ability of aluminum: insignificantly in the case of formation of compound 3Al2O3·2SiO2 and significantly in the case of formation of compound Al2O3·SiO2 . Oxygen solubility curves in the case of formation of compound Al2O3·SiO2 pass through a minimum, the position of which depends on the content of aluminum in the melt and doesn’t dependent on silicon content. Aluminum content in the minimum points is insignificantly reduced from nickel to cobalt as in the case of melts of Ni – Co–Al. Further additives of aluminum lead to an increase in oxygen concentration. Areas of compounds Al2O3 , 3Al2O3·2SiO2 , Al2O3·SiO2 and SiO2 depending on aluminum and silicon contents in the melt are determined. In melts of the Ni – Co system, the deoxidizing ability of aluminum and silicon increases with an increase in cobalt content in the melt. However, silicon enhances the deoxidizing ability of aluminum the weaker the higher cobalt content.

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7

Serov, G. V., A. A. Komissarov, S. M. Tikhonov, et al. "Deoxidizing effect on the low-alloyed steel's nonmetallic inclusion's compositions." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 12 (December 25, 2018): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-12-3-8.

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The investigating results are given in the article for the deoxidizing effect on the non-metallic inclusion compositions tubes steels melted in the vacuum induction furnaces with periclase lining. The oxygen thermodynamic activity was calculated for the lanthanum, cerium, alumina and yttrium melts during four heats. The magnesia spinel inclusion's formation condition was evaluated depending on the deoxidizer's used and on the deoxidizing depth. It was shown how the reduced alumina concentration during the steel ladle treatment governs the non-metal inclusions' compositions and on the possibility of their modification during the commercial tubes steels melting.

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8

Binchiciu, Emilia Florina, Traian Fleșer, and Ionelia Voiculescu. "Chemical Active Coated Rods Used for Brazing." Advanced Materials Research 1111 (July 2015): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1111.25.

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Brazing copper or copper-steel structures imposes measurements regarding deposits and base materials, and regarding the gas content, hydrogen and oxygen, that comes from the deoxidizing coat. The deoxidizing coat is made out of complex salts, hydroxides and acids with high hygroscopicity. Research effected in order to improve the deoxidizer capacity of the coat and to reduce its hygroscopicity, taking into account the ratio at coating of the rods, has highlighted the possibility of equipping the material with powders that have chemical active proprieties for deoxidizing processes at brazing. To this end we developed the pre-alloy type 48%Cu–47%Sn–4%P–1%Si, powder, grain size 0,05mm. The product was used, with a participation of 8% of the total coating mass, at manufacturing by extrusion of the new rods for brazing copper semi-products. We executed and characterized deep joints type copper-copper and copper-stainless steel.Brazing process results, have appreciated, detected by melted metal deposition tests, moistening angle and respectively of the mechanical characteristics of the achieved joints.Results have confirmed the above mentioned hypothesis; it highlighted superior values to those obtained with classic rods, at technical and technological proprieties.

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9

Melekov, V. A., V. A. Vikhlevshchuk, G. V. Yashnaya, M. I. Staroseletskii, I. P. Fedorova, and V. K. Yakusheva. "Efficient technology for deoxidizing wheel steel." Metallurgist 32, no. 7 (1988): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00741008.

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10

Burtsev, V. T., and S. N. Anuchkin. "Investigation of oxygen activity in model nickel-yttrium melts at PAr=0.1 MPa." Electrical Metallurgy, no. 8 (2022): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-5781-2022-0-8-2-7.

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The method of instant fixation of EMF using certified Celox II Standard sensors was used to study the activity of oxygen in Ni-O melts during deoxidation of Y to 0.2 wt.%. The changes in a[O] from the concentrations of deoxidizers were presented in the form of a logarithmic dependence and showed a fivefold increase in the deoxidizing ability of Y compared with the similar ability of Al in Ni-O melts at their concentrations of 0.05 wt.%. In the Ni-O-Al (5 wt.%) system, upon deoxidation of Y, an increase in its deoxidizing ability by a factor of 1.6 was found compared to the binary system.

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11

Vikhlevshchuk, V. A., L. M. Katel, Ya A. Shneerov, O. V. Nosochenko, V. S. Kharakhulakh, and S. V. Leporskii. "Efficient technology for deoxidizing steel with aluminum." Metallurgist 30, no. 4 (1986): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00749428.

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12

Aleksandrov, A. A., and V. Ya Dashevskii. "THERMODYNAMICS OF THE OXYGEN SOLUTIONS IN SILICON-CONTAINING Ni–Co MELTS." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 2 (2019): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-2-163-167.

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Thermodynamic analysis of oxygen solutions in silicon-containing Ni – Co melts has been carried out. The equilibrium constant of interaction of silicon and oxygen dissolved in the nickel-cobalt melts, the activity coefficients at infinite dilution, and the interaction parameters characterizing these solutions were determined for melts of different composition. The dependences of the oxygen solubility on the contents of cobalt and silicon in the studied melts were calculated. With increasing cobalt content in melt deoxidation ability of silicon decreases. In Ni – Co alloys containing more than 20 % of cobalt, when the silicon content is less than 0.2 %, deoxidizing ability of silicon is almost the same. At silicon content more than 2 %, the higher is cobalt content in alloys, the more is decrease in deoxidizing ability of silicon.

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13

Hidaka, M., K. Takeuchi, R. P. Wijesundera, et al. "Correlation between the green-like coloration and the structural and electronic properties of celadon glazes (I)." Cerâmica 58, no. 347 (2012): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132012000300008.

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Celadon glazes have been investigated by means of ordinary X-ray fluorescence analysis, and X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectra using synchrotron radiation. The tentative glazes are prepared by mixing raw celadon materials of Masuda feldspar, limestone, quartz, and extra-added Fe2O3 of about 1wt% at thermal treatment till about 1300 °C. It is found that the glaze-colors strongly depend on the Fe2O3 amount and the high-temperature treatment under oxidizing and deoxidizing in the used kiln. Especially, the characteristic color of blue-green, white-green-brown, and white-blue-green result from complex hybridized 3d5L and 3d6L bands. The 3d6L hybridization is induced by an electronic exchange interaction between an empty 3d6 orbital of Fe ions and an occupied 2p orbital of surrounding O ions in the (SiO2 - Al2O3 - CaO) basic complex ceramics of glass-state under the deoxidizing thermal treatment.

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14

Nascimento-Filho, Carlos H. V., Alexandra T. Glinos, Yeejin Jang, Eny M. Goloni-Bertollo, Rogerio M. Castilho, and Cristiane H. Squarize. "From Tissue Physoxia to Cancer Hypoxia, Cost-Effective Methods to Study Tissue-Specific O2 Levels in Cellular Biology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (2022): 5633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105633.

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The human body is endowed with an extraordinary ability to maintain different oxygen levels in various tissues and organs. The maintenance of physiological levels of oxygen is known as physoxia. The development of hypoxic conditions plays an important role in the biology of several pathologies, including cancer. In vitro studies using normal and neoplastic cells require that culture conditions be carried out under appropriate oxygen levels, either physoxic or hypoxic conditions. Such requirements are difficult to widely implement in laboratory practice, mainly due to the high costs of specialized equipment. In this work, we present and characterize a cost-effective method to culture cells under a range of oxygen levels using deoxidizing pouches. Our results show that physoxic and hypoxic levels using deoxidizing absorbers can be achieved either by implementing a gradual change in oxygen levels or by a regimen of acute depletion of oxygen. This approach triggers the activation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells while stimulating the expression of HIF-1α. Culturing cancer cells with deoxidizing agent pouches revealed PI3K oncogenic pathway exacerbations compared to tumor cells growing under atmospheric levels of oxygen. Similar to the PI3K signaling disturbance, we also observed augmented oxidative stress and superoxide levels and increased cell cycle arrest. Most interestingly, the culture of cancer cells under hypoxia resulted in the accumulation of cancer stem cells in a time-dependent manner. Overall, we present an attractive, cost-effective method of culturing cells under appropriate physoxic or hypoxic conditions that is easily implementable in any wet laboratory equipped with cell culture tools.

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15

Li, Chang Jiu, Xin Yuan Dong, Li Zhang, Xiao Tao Luo, and Yong Sheng Zhu. "Strategy to Generate Oxide-Free Molten Metal Droplets for Fully Dense Corrosion-Resistant Coatings by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying." Materials Science Forum 1106 (December 5, 2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-p41jwc.

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Thermal spray techniologies are very efficient to deposit metal coatings, which have been applied to different industrial fields for protection of metals from wear and corrosion. However, severe oxidation during inflight of spray particles introduces large amount of oxide inclusions in the coating which limits lamellar bonding formation and thus full utilization of coating material performance potential. In this project, the spray powders containing the deoxidizers such as carbon and boron are designed to develop in-situ deoxidizing effect to generate oxide-free molten metal droplets by air plasma spraying (APS) in ambient atmosphere for depositing dense coatings with sufficiently bonded splats. The thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for continuous deoxidization during whole in-flight molten droplets are presented. The experiments were conducted for NiCr, NiCrCu, CuNi coatings with boron as deoxidizer and for NiAl and FeAl coatings with dispersed diamond as deoxidizer. Results show that through powder design and spray condition optimization different spray particles can be heated to temperatures from 2100°C to 2500°C. It was found that the oxide contents in all coatings decreases with increasing spray distance, which indicates that deoxidizing effect of deoxidizer is maintained during whole spray particle in-flight. The examination shows that all APS coatings present dense microstructure. The electrochemical test reveals that the corrosion only occurs to coating surface and no trace of corrosive solution penetration into coating. As a result, the corrosion-resistant metal coatings can be realized by APS in ambient atmosphere through developing in-situ deoxidizing effect and subsequently oxide-free molten droplets with using deoxidizer-containing spray powders.

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16

Hubáček, Milan, Vlastimil Brožek, and Boris Řehák. "Kinetics of deoxidizing of hexagonal boron nitride preparations." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 95, no. 2 (1991): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(91)90102-n.

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17

Ахметзянова, Раиля, Railya Akhmetzyanova, Зульфия Халиуллина, et al. "DRILL CUTTINGS AND INCREASE OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS YIELD." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 4 (2018): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a8446e549bb22.30272174.

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The laboratory vegetative chronic experiments, on the example of spring wheat, showed that reclaimed drill cuttings can be used for deoxidizing (liming) acidic soils, increasing the biomass yield in growing agricultural crops. Doses of drill cuttings providing long-term maintenance of optimum acidity of investigated soils are defined.

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18

Novichkov, S. B., S. G. Ryskina, and S. A. Spirin. "Conditions of Use of a Lead-Bearing Deoxidizing Agent." Metallurgist 47, no. 9/10 (2003): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:mell.0000015268.25198.49.

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19

Stepanov, V. P., T. N. Sidorina, A. A. Sisev, and T. V. Svistunova. "Thermodynamic evaluation of the deoxidizing capacity of some elements." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 35, no. 1 (1993): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00770065.

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20

Okabe, Toru H., Yuki Hamanaka, and Yu-ki Taninouchi. "Direct oxygen removal technique for recycling titanium using molten MgCl2salt." Faraday Discussions 190 (2016): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00229j.

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Deoxidation of Ti, or direct removal of O dissolved in metallic Ti, is known to be extremely difficult when Mg is used as the deoxidizing agent. This difficulty arises because the chemical potential of O<sub>2</sub>,p<sub>O2</sub>, under Mg/MgO equilibrium is high (approximately 10<sup>−41</sup>atm at 1200 K) and is equivalent to that of Ti containing ∼2 mass% O at 1200 K. Therefore, when deoxidizing Ti to the commercial level of high-grade pure Ti (below 0.05 mass% O) using an Mg reductant at 1200 K, the activity of the reaction product MgO (a<sub>MgO</sub>) must be decreased to below ∼0.025, which is difficult in practice. In this study, the removal of O in Ti in molten MgCl<sub>2</sub>salt using an electrochemical technique was examined at ∼1173 K with the objective of obtaining Ti containing less than 0.05 mass% O. Ti samples and graphite electrodes immersed in molten MgCl<sub>2</sub>served as the cathode and anode, respectively. A constant voltage was applied between the electrodes using an external DC source. Molten MgCl<sub>2</sub>was employed to produce the deoxidizing agent Mg and to facilitate deoxidation of Ti by decreasing the activity of the reaction product MgO. By applying a voltage of approximately 3.1 V between the electrodes, the chemical potential of Mg in the molten MgCl<sub>2</sub>was increased at the surface of the Ti cathode, and the Ti samples were deoxidized. The resulting O species, mainly formed O<sup>2−</sup>dissolved in the molten MgCl<sub>2</sub>, was removed from the molten salt by reacting with the C anode to form CO (or CO<sub>2</sub>) gas. Ti wires containing 0.12 mass% O were deoxidized to less than 0.02 mass% O. In some cases, the O concentration in the Ti samples was reduced to the level of 0.01 mass%, which cannot be accomplished using the conventional Kroll process. The possible application of this deoxidation technique to practical industrial recycling processes is discussed.

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21

Ilutiu-Varvara, Dana Adriana, Liviu Brandusan, and Elena Maria Pică. "Researches Regarding the Air Pollution with Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) to the Steelmaking." Advanced Engineering Forum 8-9 (June 2013): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.8-9.115.

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The paper presents the experimental researches regarding the air pollution with sulfur dioxide (SO2) to the steelmaking in the electric arc furnace. It presents a method for determining the sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations from the steelmaking, the diagram variation of the sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations over time during specific technological stages of the steelmaking process and the potential sources that generate the sulfur dioxide (SO2) to steelmaking process in the electric arc furnaces. The air pollution during steelmaking in electric arc furnaces is manifested throughout this process, which includes the following technological stages: furnace charging, charge melting, refining, dephosphorization, desulphurization, deoxidizing, alloying and evacuation. Considering the stages of steelmaking in the electric arc furnace that have the potential to generate sulfur dioxide (SO2), it was assessed its generation evolution for the following technological stages: melting, refining, desulphurization and deoxidizing. The experimental researches were performed on two electric arc furnaces with a capacity of 10 and 30 tons. The highest concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were recorded during the desulfurization technological stage. After this stage, it has been recorded a significant reduction in sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations. The sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations from the electric arc furnace with the capacity of 30 tons are higher than those recorded in the furnace of 10 tons with 30-40%.

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22

Aleksandrov, A. A., V. Ya Dashevskii, and L. I. Leont’ev. "THERMODYNAMICS OF OXYGEN SOLUTIONS IN SILICON-CONTAINING Fe – Co – Cr MELTS." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, no. 8 (2018): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-8-657-661.

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Thermodynamic analysis of the effect of silicon on the solubility of oxygen in Fe – Co – Cr melts has been carried out at 1873 K. Silicon has a sufficiently high deoxidizing ability in Fe – Co – Cr melts. Silicon at low contents practically does not affect the concentration of oxygen in the melt, which is determined by the chromium content. With a higher content of silicon after changing the mechanism of interaction process of chromium and silicon with oxygen, when silicon already determines the solubility of oxygen in the melt, the oxygen concentration decreases.

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23

Bondar, V. I. "Features of using silicon carbide in melting converter steel." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 2 (August 9, 2023): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2023-2-55-60.

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The article discusses the possibility of using silicon carbide as the main component for preliminary deoxidation of a carbonaceous intermediate product when the latter is discharged from the converter into a ladle in order to adjust the costs of tradition‑ ally used deoxidizing materials. It has been established that the use of silicon carbide as a deoxidizer is economically feasible in the smelting of low‑carbon low‑alloy steels of converter production.The method of adding the material is described and the results of the work performed are presented.

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Burtsev, V. T., E. B. Chabina та S. N. Anuchkin. "Interaction of praseodymium and dysprosium with oxygen in nickel melts at РAr = 0.1 MPa and analysis of nonmetallic inclusions". Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 2 (2023): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2023-2-55-67.

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The interaction of Pr/Dy with oxygen in nickel melts at РAr = 0.1 MPa and constant temperature was studied by the method of instantaneous EMF fixation using a Mo[Cr/Cr2O3//ZrO2(MgO)//O(NiL)]Mo cell and certified sensors. Dependences a[O] = f[Pr/Dy, %] were expressed as logarithmic equations, which made it possible to compare them with each other in the concentration range of 0.001 – 0.2 % of each deoxidizer and determine that the deoxidizing capacity of Pr is 1.7 times higher in terms of compared to Dy. Calculated a[O] in Ni – O – Al – (Pr/Dy) melts compared to Al at a concentration of 0.05 % elements and showed a seven-fold decrease for the first deoxidizer and an eleven-fold decrease for the second. The morphology of non-metallic inclusions in metallographic sections of Ni – O – Pr/Dy alloys indicates that the inclusions are located along grain boundaries and have different configurations and complex heterophase composition. The analysis of non-metallic inclusions with the maximum content of the deoxidizing element proved the existence of Pr/Dy oxygen compounds, which confirms the data of thermodynamic and mass spectrometric studies. The average content of Zr in non-metallic inclusions during the deoxidation of Pr is twice as high as in the experiments during the deoxidation of Dy, which indicates the interaction of Pr/Dy with ZrO2 of the EMF sensor and the predominant interaction of Pr compared to Dy and correlates with the data on the determination of a[O].

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Taguchi, Kenji, Shin Takaya, Mitsuhiro Numata, and Toru Kato. "Effect of Deoxidizing Element on the Hot Ductility of Boron-Containing Steel." ISIJ International 60, no. 12 (2020): 2829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2020-192.

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Wang, Xiangtian, Gousheng Liu, Jianguo Yu та A. E. Rodrigues. "Preparation, characterization and deactivation studies of Co–Mo/γ–Al2O3 deoxidizing catalyst". Applied Catalysis A: General 270, № 1-2 (2004): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2004.04.031.

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Liu, Bin, Yin Xu, Zhibin Luo, and Jimin Xie. "Reductive Aromatization of Quinols with B 2 pin 2 as Deoxidizing Agent." Chemistry – An Asian Journal 15, no. 7 (2020): 1022–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.202000064.

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Aleksandrov, A. A., and V. Ya Dashevskii. "EFFECT OF SILICON ON THE OXYGEN SOLUBILITY IN Ni – Co – Cr MELTS." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 3 (2019): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-3-241-245.

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Thermodynamic analysis of the effect of silicon on the solubility of oxygen in Ni – Co – Cr melts has been carried out at 1873 K. Silicon at low contents practically does not affect the concentration of oxygen in Ni – Co – Cr melts, which is determined by the chromium content. With a higher content of silicon after changing the interaction mechanism of chromium and silicon with oxygen, when silicon already determines the solubility of oxygen in the melt, the oxygen concentration decreases. However, the deoxidizing ability of silicon at elevated contents in Ni – Co – Cr melts is much lower than in Ni – Co melts.

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29

Xu, Hong Yan, Chang Yi Gao, Feng Zhu, Yong Lin Liu, and Jin Zhu Zhang. "Study on Non-Metallic Inclusion in 82B Steel Continuous Casting Billet." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.170.

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The amount, size, composition and source of the inclusion in 82B continuous casting billet was studied by means of electrolysis, anode slime separating, sieve grading and X-ray powder diffraction to lower the amount of non-metal inclusion and to increase the quality of steel. The results show that the total amount of inclusions is up to 183.8ppm where the particle sizes of 75.11% inclusions are smaller than 10μm, and the inclusions are mainly composed by the FeO precipitated in the front of steel billet solidification, and the manganese sulfide and the composite oxides such as calcium and/or silicon aluminates developed by desulphurizing and deoxidizing operation.

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30

Tribushevskiy, L. V., B. M. Nemenenok, and G. A. Rumiantseva. "Influence of the technology of aluminum waste melting on the composition and the possibility of using the generated dust." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 5, 2018): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-3-118-124.

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It is shown that the amount of flux used in melting significantly influences the composition and volume of dust and gas emissions. Based on the results of the chemical analysis of dust a solution was adopted for the fluxless melting of aluminum waste. In this case, the proportion of chlorine-containing compounds is 1.4% at 75% of aluminum oxides, which makes it possible to use the formed dust to produce a deoxidizing mixture or a refiner slag. On the basis of balance melting, it is shown that with fluxless melting of aluminum waste, a waste-free processing technology is realized, ensuring ecological and economic effects.

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31

Makrovets, L. A., O. V. Samoilova, and G. G. Mikhailov. "Deoxidation capacity of aluminum in ferromanganese carbon-containing melts." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 66, no. 2 (2023): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2023-2-206-214.

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Deoxidation (reduction of oxygen concentration dissolved in liquid metal) is an integral part of steel production technology. For obtaining deeply deoxidized metal, mainly aluminum is used at metallurgical enterprises. It should be taken into account that alloying elements of steels and alloys under certain conditions can act as deoxidizing elements, contributing to the complex nature of the deoxidation process. Almost all steels contain manganese in one concentration or another. The study of interaction processes in the Fe – Mn – Al – O – C system at steelmaking temperatures is of applied importance. In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of the deoxidation ability of aluminum in oxygen-containing iron-manganese melts was carried out. At the same time, influence of carbon on course of the deoxidation process was taken into account. In the study, it is effective to use a technique for constructing the solubility surface of components in metal (SSCM) – a diagram that connects the compositions of liquid metal with the compositions of conjugated non-metallic phases. In the course of this work, oxygen solubility isotherms in the Fe – Mn – O system were calculated for the temperature range of 1550 – 1650 °C. For the Fe – Mn – Al – O – C (1600 °C) system, composite sections of the SSCM were constructed at fixed carbon concentrations in steel [C] = 0; 0.1; 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2 % (hereafter by weight). It is shown that with the simultaneous presence of manganese and aluminum in an oxygen–containing iron-based melt (at industrially significant concentrations [Al] = 0.001 – 0.010 % and [Mn] – less than 1.0 %), aluminum in the liquid metal will act as a deoxidizing agent, and corundum inclusions will be formed as interaction products. Complex deoxidation by aluminum and manganese with the formation of spinel is typical only for manganese-alloyed steels, where the concentration of manganese is more than 1.5 %.

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32

Il’yasov, A. E., S. N. Sharkaev, A. B. Akhmetov, G. D. Kusainova, and V. I. Yablonsky. "Deoxidizing and modifying properties of alkaline earth metals within ferroalumosilicocalcium and ferrosilicobarium alloys." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information, no. 9 (September 25, 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-9-58-64.

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Modification of alloys, in particular, by calcium and barium, is one of the promising directions for obtaining alloys with a fine crystalline structure. Complex ferroalloys – ferroalumosilicocalcium and ferrosilicobarium – were developed in the Chemical and Metallurgical Institute after Zh. Abishev. It was shown, that modification of steel by silicon-aluminum complex alloys containing chemically active elements – calcium and barium, should become one of the most effective methods to improve the quality of machine-building metal products.The chemical compositions of the smelted ferroaluminosiliconcalcium and ferrosilicobarium presented. The melting range of the nonmetallic compound formed during the deoxidation of steel by complex alloy containing calcium determined. Results of mechanical tests of the specimens of steel, modified by a complex alloy containing barium considered. A comparison of microstructure of the current production route steel and deoxidized with the complex alloys was carried out.In the course of metallographic studies of experimental steel specimens, a modifying influence on the morphology of nonmetallic inclusions by calcium and barium, supplied in a complex with aluminum and silicon alloys, was established.Metal processing by complex alloys such as ferrosilicoaluminum with calcium (FASC) and ferrosilicobarium (FSAB) indicates the possibility of achieving a higher degree of refining from oxide nonmetallic inclusions and a more even distribution of them in the ingot.The results of the industrial heats also indicated a possibility of improving of quality of casting through the decreasing of hot thermal cracks and gas-shrinkage defects, cleaner grain boundaries, a significant reduction in the number and size of carbide inclusions.

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Makrovets, L. A., O. V. Samoilova, G. G. Mikhailov, and I. V. Bakin. "Thermodynamic analysis of strontium deoxidizing ability in liquid iron at presence of aluminum." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 10 (2021): 768–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-10-768-777.

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Phase diagram of the ternary oxide system FeO - SrO -Al2O3 was constructed for the first time. In this system, the following compounds can be formed: hercynite FeAl2O4 and five strontium aluminates - Sr4Al2O7 , Sr3Al2O6 , SrAl2O4 , SrAl4O7 , SrAl12O19 . According to the calculations performed, solid solutions of oxides are not formed in the system, as it is confirmed by the literature data. In the course of modeling, the optimal energy parameters of the theory of subregular ionic solutions were selected for the components of the oxide melt (FeO, SrO, Al2O3 ). Thermodynamic analysis of strontium deoxidizing ability in liquid iron at presence of aluminum was carried out using the technique for constructing the surface of solubility of strontium and aluminum in metal for steelmaking temperatures (1550 and 1600 °C) and carbon concentrations of 0.1 and 0.4 %. The equilibrium constants of the reactions of formation of strontium aluminates Sr3Al2O6 and SrAl2O4 from the components of the metal melt were calculated for the temperature range of 1550 - 1650 °C. It was found that the rest of strontium aluminates can be formed in liquid metal only at temperatures above 1750 °C. The base of thermodynamic data for the studied systems is given: temperature dependences of equilibrium constants for reactions occurring between components; values of interaction parameters of the first order (according to Wagner) for elements in liquid iron; values of energy parameters of the theory of subregular ionic solutions (for oxide melt). It follows from the calculations that the formation of strontium monoaluminate SrAl2O4 and corundum Al2O3 is most probable as the interaction products in Fe -Al - Sr - O and Fe -Al - Sr - C - O systems.

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Kong, Yong, Desheng Xue, and Fashen Li. "Phase Transitions and Deoxidizing Effect in the Thermal Decomposition of Hydrous Ferrous Oxalate." Physica Status Solidi (a) 154, no. 2 (1996): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211540208.

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35

Jang, Keon-Soo, Yong-Sung Eom, Kwang-Seong Choi, and Hyun-Cheol Bae. "Crosslinkable deoxidizing hybrid adhesive of epoxy-diacid for electrical interconnections in semiconductor packaging." Polymer International 67, no. 9 (2018): 1241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.5631.

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Jang, Keon-Soo, Yong-Sung Eom, Kwang-Seong Choi, and Hyun-Cheol Bae. "Synchronous curable deoxidizing capability of epoxy-anhydride adhesive: Deoxidation quantification via spectroscopic analysis." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 135, no. 33 (2018): 46639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.46639.

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37

Zhevnenko, Sergei, Danil V. Vaganov, and Evgeny I. Gershman. "Embrittlement of Cu and Cu-Based Alloys by Bi and Bi₂Te₃." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.439.

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Degradation of the mechanical properties of copper and copper based alloys after the treatment with telluride bismuth (Bi2Te3) at 570oC has been studied in the present work. The experiments were performed in a H2 deoxidizing atmosphere. The kinetics of embrittlement of pure copper has been shown to be parabolic. Bi2Te3 was in the solid state and was not in direct contact with the copper specimens during the experiments, i.e. the plating was performed through the gas phase. The brittle fracture along the GB was observed after 3 point bending test. The surface of fracture was investigated with the use AES. It was shown that intergranular penetrations of liquid bismuth and bismuth from Bi2Te3 have different mechanisms.

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38

Wang, Shu Hua, Hai Ou Jing, Le Jin, and Yan Xue. "Observation and Analysis of the Microstructures of IGF Refined Low Carbon Microalloyed Non-Tempered Steel." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.323.

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The IGF refined microalloyed non-tempered steel with high strength and toughness is developed, by adding trace elements such as vanadium and titanium and using aluminum as the deoxidizing elements. The combination of these elements and elements C and N in the steel leads to the precipitation of a great deal of fine and scattered alloy carbides and nitrides. These fine particles provide ideal precipitation positions for IGF’s nucleation. The results show that a lot of IGF appears in the developed steel after hot-forging and air cooling, which effectively divides up the austenite grains and refines the steel structures. The strength and toughness of the steel is increased. The tensile strength reaches 1150Mpa and the impact toughness is between 61.35-65.37J/cm2.

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Zhao, Ding Guo, Xiao Jie Cui, Shu Huan Wang, and He Jun Zhang. "Thermodynamic Research of Inclusion Forming in FeSiB Alloy Based on Energy Materials." Advanced Materials Research 577 (October 2012): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.577.43.

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The thermodynamic analysis shown that oxygen content in master alloy is very low, so other alloy elements content which are balance to oxygen are relatively high. In the amorphous master alloy, deoxidizing capacity of silicon is stronger than boron, and with process of decrease of the temperature, oxygen content decrease. The silicon in the master alloy can also take off the oxygen content below 1 ppm. Denitrification capacity of boron is stronger than silicon, and with process of decrease of the temperature, nitrogen content decrease. The boron in the master alloy can also take off the nitrogen content below 4 ppm. All of the research are based on energy materials and it will be useful for the development for energy saving.

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Cao, Guo-liang, Guo-min Li, Shan Chen, Wan-shun Chang, and Xue-qun Chen. "Effects of deoxidizing degree on the pitting corrosion behavior of carbon and manganese steels." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 18, no. 2 (2011): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-201-0418-1.

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41

Cao, Guo-liang, Guo-min Li, Shan Chen, Wan-shun Chang, and Xue-qun Chen. "Effects of deoxidizing degree on the pitting corrosion behavior of carbon and manganese steels." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 18, no. 2 (2011): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-011-0418-9.

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42

Hao, Chaoyu, Yanling Chen, Jiren Wang, et al. "Study on the Effect of Iron-Based Deoxidizing Inhibitors for Coal Spontaneous Combustion Prevention." Energies 11, no. 4 (2018): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11040789.

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43

Kuznetsov, V. I., N. P. Samkova, A. A. Krivosheev, R. I. Kirienko, and E. Yu Chernetsova. "Modern lubricating and deoxidizing compounds for improved quality and operational reliability of seamless pipe." Metallurgist 52, no. 3-4 (2008): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-008-9040-0.

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44

Mikhailov, Gennady G., L. A. Makrovets та O. V. Samoilova. "Phase Equilibria in a Liquid Metal of Fe-La-Ce-O System at 1600 °С". Solid State Phenomena 299 (січень 2020): 468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.468.

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Thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria in a liquid metal of Fe–La–Ce–O system at 1600 °С, using the technique of constructing the solubility surfaces for the components of a metal, was carried out. The calculation technique allowed assessing the depth of liquid iron de-oxidation at a complex use of lanthanum and cerium as deoxidizing agents. Also, diagrams of de-oxidants’ consumption for one ton of liquid oxygen-containing iron were calculated in the course of the work. Carrying out a calculation of the solubility surfaces for the components of a metal required simulation of phase diagrams of the following oxide systems: FeO–La2O3–Ce2O3, FeO–CeO2–La2O3, CeO2–La2O3–Ce2O3. The obtained results might be of interest for optimization of the use of rare-earth metals in steelmaking technology.

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45

Bang, Kook Soo, Chan Park, Woong Seong Chang, Chul Gyu Park, and Woo Hyun Chung. "Influence of Heat Input on Mechanical Properties of Multipass Low-Alloy Steel Weld Metal." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.17.

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Influence of heat input on the tensile strength and impact toughness of multipass weld metal made with AWS E81T1-Ni1 metal-cored wire was investigated. Welding parameters such as current, voltage and travel speed were varied independently to get different heat inputs. When it was increased by varying current, tensile strength of the weld metal increased even if more primary ferrite and wider columnar grains were observed. The increase is attributed to the higher recovery ratio of deoxidizing elements such as carbon, manganese and silicon due to the shorter reaction time in both wire tip and arc column. It also showed that impact toughness was influenced by the formation of reheated weld metal by subsequent passes and it decreased continuously with an increase of the amount of coarse grained region in the reheated weld metal.

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46

Song, Chun Feng, Meng Kai Lü, Shu Feng Wang, Dong Xu, and Duo Rong Yuan. "Violet emission of Ce doped sol–gel Al2O3–SiO2 glasses without any deoxidizing heat-treatment." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 7, no. 2 (2004): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2003.10.036.

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47

Saputra, Muhammad Fendy, and Sudaryanto Sudaryanto. "PENGARUH DEOXIDIZING AGENT PADA MATERIAL ADDITION LADLE FURNACE DI PT GUNUNG RAJA PAKSI, CIKARANG BARAT." Journal of Metallurgical Engineering and Processing Technology 3, no. 1 (2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/jmept.v3i1.6530.

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48

Kuznetsov, V., D. Sokolov, A. Krivosheev, et al. "DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE INJECTED MASS OF THE LUBRICANT AND DEOXIDIZING MATERIAL." Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series ‘Metallurgy’ 22, no. 2 (2022): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/met220208.

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The most important task of increasing pipe production efficiency is the task of improving the quality of manufactured products. Further development and improvement of pipe manufacturing technology is connected with studying the conditions of contact interaction in the pair “tool – deformed metal”, in particular with creation of separating layer. Application of modern lubricant-deoxidizing materials (hereinafter deoxidant) and modern equipment for their application allows to achieve guaranteed separation of contact surfaces. Also creating of separating layer provides significant advantage in terms of improving the quality of finished tubes, operational reliability of finished products, reducing the cost of production and intensification of deformation processes. However, the uneven distribution of the deoxidant on the inner surface of the sleeve leads to a decrease in the quality of the inner surface of the finished tube, as well as to the uneven wear of the mandrels of continuous mills. One of the reasons for lack of guaranteed separation of contact surfaces is mismatch of blown out portion of deoxidant with the set value. The article describes the principle of operation of standard cyclones and calculates the standard cyclone design. The results of computer simulation of a cyclone of standard design and a modernized cyclone are presented. Also presented the results of physical experiments on particle capture.

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Rzadkosz, St, M. Kranc, A. Garbacz-Klempka, M. Piękoś, J. Kozana, and W. Cieślak. "Research on Technology of Alloyed Copper Casting." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 2 (2014): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0041.

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Abstract The work presents experiment results from the area of copper casting technology and chosen examples of alloyed copper. At present, copper casting technology is applied in many branches of industrial manufacturing, especially in the sector of construction, communications, arms and power engineering. Alloyed copper, containing slight additions of different elements and having special physio-chemical properties, is used in a special range of applications. Copper technology and alloyed copper analyses have been presented, these materials being used for cast manufacturing for power engineering. The quality of casts has been assessed, based on their microstructure analysis, chemical content and the cast properties. During the research, special deoxidizing and modifying agents were applied for copper and chosen examples of alloyed copper; also exemplary samples were tested with the help of metallographic analysis, electrical conductivity and gaseous impurities research.

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Shapovalov, Alexey N., Roman R. Dema, and Sergey P. Nefed'ev. "Improving the Efficiency of Steel De-Oxidation at the Ural Steel." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.400.

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The analysis of the results of steel de-oxidation with manganese and silicon during tapping from an arc furnace in the Ural Steel is carried out. It is shown that the absorption of manganese and silicon during de-oxidation varies widely: from 33.0 to 88.4% (average 68.8%) for manganese and from 25.9 to 79.8% (average 63.8%) for silicon. The main causes of high varies and low absorption of deoxidizing agents were established: low carbon content and high metal overheating before de-oxidation. A statistical analysis of St 37-3 steel de-oxidation data was performed with the aim of improving the efficiency of steel de-oxidation technology in a ladle. The regression equations are obtained, allowing to calculate the assimilation of deoxidizers and the consumption of ferroalloys, depending on the temperature and carbon content in the metal during tapping from the arc furnace.

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