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1
Short, Henry William. "The role of diplomacy in the delivery of regional public goods with specific reference to the Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO) in southern Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26402.
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This study explores the role of a foreign ministry within the context of diplomacy and regional cooperation, focusing on the delivery of regional public goods. Diplomacy is described as a state of mind, an approach to the conduct and/or management of international relations that emphasises the timeous and pacific application of intelligence and tact in the making and implementation of foreign policy. As the custodian of diplomacy and diplomatic practice within a national government, the foreign ministry constitutes the primary grouping of expertise on international matters, responsible for the execution of foreign policy but also involved in the process of foreign policy making. Regional cooperation is defined as an issue-focused arrangement, in terms of which participating states may cooperate for a joint development project and facilitation of exchange of information or best practices. Within the context of regional cooperation, regional public goods are defined as any goods, commodities, services, system of rules or policy regimes that are public in nature, that generate shared benefits for the participating states and whose production is a result of collective action by the participating states. Arguably, the provision of regional public goods is considered the most effective way for regional economic communities to reduce poverty and to develop economies of scale. As an assumption, this study contends that, because of the need for regional public goods agenda-setting and policy prioritising, and based on the utility of diplomacy, the Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO) plays a central and catalytic role within the Southern African Development Community (SADC). This assumption is described and analysed at the regional strategic level, specifically related to the responsibility of SADC foreign ministries in terms of the management of regionalisation in Southern Africa; and at the national operational level, emphasising the role of DIRCO vis-à-vis the delivery of regional public goods. At the regional strategic level, it was found that diplomacy serves as an institution of regional relations; as an instrument of regional foreign policy; as an administrative function in SADC, specifically related to the responsibilities of foreign ministries; as an instrument in the formulation of regional foreign policy; and as a dialogue between regional actors. At the national operational level, it is evident that diplomacy serves as an institution in DIRCO‟s management of regional public goods delivery; as an instrument within DIRCO‟s participation in the execution of policies towards regional public goods delivery; as an administrative function within DIRCO; as an instrument in terms of DIRCO‟s role towards the formulation of policies towards regional public goods delivery; and as a dialogue between DIRCO and key regional actors in terms of regional public goods delivery. Due to the urgency and priority accorded to the delivery of regional public goods, DIRCO must consider the establishment of a core capability specialising in the technical competencies related to specific programmes within the delivery of regional public goods.Dissertation (MDiplomatic Studies)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Political Sciences
unrestricted
2
Costa, Lucia de Fatima Araujo Rosa da. "The potential impact of the macau international airport on Macau's tourism activity in the context of regional development in South China." Thesis, University of Macau, 1995. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636710.
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Moreno, Carlos G. "An evaluation of the Inland Empire Regional Opportunity Counseling housing mobility program." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1832.
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Sehnem, Alyne. "Desenvolvimento regional e mensuração do capital social em três regiões pertencentes a secretarias de desenvolvimento regional do extremo oeste de Santa Catarina." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2011. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/562.
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O conceito de capital social relacionado com o desenvolvimento econômico de regiões e países começou a ganhar importância na década de 1990 com o pesquisador Robert Putnam. O capital social é entendido como uma característica das organizações sociais, e tem como principais elementos a confiança, as normas e as redes. O conhecimento desses elementos e a sua utilização podem melhorar a eficiência da sociedade, facilitando as ações coordenadas. O desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa inspirou-se inicialmente nas abordagens de Putnam e seu trabalho nas regiões da Itália. Além da abordagem do capital social foram analisados aspectos referentes aos indicadores de desenvolvimento local e econômico das regiões pesquisadas. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo mensurar os níveis de capital social e desenvolvimento a partir de indicadores sócio-econômicos em três regiões pertencentes a Secretarias de Desenvolvimento Regional do Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina. Este processo ocorreu por meio da realização de pesquisa qualitativa nos municípios pertencentes às Secretarias de Desenvolvimento Regional sediadas nos municípios de Itapiranga, São Miguel do Oeste e Dionísio Cerqueira. A escolha dessas microrregiões para a realização do estudo se deu, não só pelas particularidades do processo de colonização e desenvolvimento da região Extremo Oeste Catarinense que conferem atributos significativos e diferenciais para a região analisada, mas também por pertencerem ao mesmo agrupamento de municípios, a Associação dos Municípios do Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina (AMEOSC). A escolha dessa região justifica-se também por ela fazer parte de um dos Programas Regionais promovidos pela Secretaria de Programas Regionais do Ministério da Integração Nacional, o Programa de Promoção do Desenvolvimento da Faixa de Fronteira (PDFF). A região objeto de estudo dessa pesquisa é também compreendida pela Mesorregião da Grande Fronteira do Mercosul, que abrange 223 municípios do norte do Rio Grande do Sul, 131 municípios do Oeste Catarinense e 42 municípios do sudoeste do Paraná. Para atingir o objetivo da dissertação, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa descritiva, com caráter quantitativo, utilizando o método de pesquisa do tipo survey. O questionário aplicado junto à população observou uma amostra proporcional ao número de habitantes de cada município. Os dados passaram por tratamento estatístico utilizando-se Análise Fatorial, Análise de Regressão e Análise de Variância. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o objetivo geral foi atingido, uma vez que foi possível visualizar a relação existente entre os indicadores de desenvolvimento regional e o capital social nas regiões analisadas. O capital social é maior nas sociedades em que há menor desigualdade nos grupos e diferenças étnicas. A distribuição igualitária da renda propicia maior harmonia e coesão social. As desigualdades diminuem os estoques de capital social, afetando fortemente a economia da população. A cultura também tem forte influência na manutenção da coesão social.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-03T18:16:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Alyne Sehnem.pdf: 2433938 bytes, checksum: 6e739be4a8b13951c5c249822c31299b (MD5)
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The concept of social capital related to the economic development of regions and countries began to gain importance in 1990 with researcher Robert Putnam. Social capital is understood as a characteristic of social organizations, and its main elements trust, norms and networks. Knowledge of these elements and their use can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated actions. The development of this research was initially inspired by the approaches of Putnam and his work in the regions of Italy. Besides the approach of social capital were analyzed issues related to indicators of local and economic development of the areas surveyed. This study aimed to measure the levels of social capital and development from socio-economic indicators in regions belonging to three Secretaries of Regional Development of the Far West of Santa Catarina. This process occurred by conducting qualitative research in the municipalities belonging to the Regional Offices located in the municipalities of Itapiranga, Sao Miguel West and Dionisio Cerqueira. The choice of these micro-regions for the study took place, not only by the peculiarities of the process of settlement and development of the Far West region of Santa Catarina that confer significant attributes and differentials for the region under consideration, but also because they belong to the same group of municipalities, the Association Cities of the Far West of Santa Catarina (AMEOSC). The choice of this region is also justified by it being part of a regional programs sponsored by the Department of Regional Programmes of the Ministry of National Integration, the Program for Promotion of Development of Border Range (PDFF). The region object of this research study is also understood by the Greater Region of the Great Frontier of Mercosur, which covers 223 cities in the northern Rio Grande do Sul, 131 municipalities in 42 counties west of Santa Catarina and Parana Southwestern. To achieve the purpose of this study, we developed a descriptive research with quantitative character, using the method of survey research. The questionnaire administered to the population observed a sample proportional to the number of inhabitants in each municipality. The data was analyzed statistically by using Factor Analysis, Regression Analysis and Variance Analysis. The survey results show that the goal was reached, since it was possible to visualize the relationship between indicators of regional development and social capital in regions. The capital is greater in societies where there is less inequality in groups and ethnic differences. The equal distribution of income provides a greater harmony and social cohesion. Inequalities diminish the stock of capital, strongly affecting the economy of the population. Culture also has a strong influence in maintaining social cohesion.
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Agulhas, Ronald. "The perceptions of intermediate phase educators about the implementation of stories for thinking in one Western Cape Education Department region." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7756_1355407161.
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South Africa had a change in government and in education after the 1994 elections. A new curriculum was introduced and some of the underlying critical outcomes were to develop the learners to become critical thinkers. The methodology by which to teach these outcomes was not clear. An intervention programme, Philosophy for Children (P4C) is used in some countries across the world to promote thinking. Research across the world has shown that this programme has the ability to enhance the cognitive abilities of learners exposed to it. Stories for Thinking (SFT) is an intervention programme based on the principles of Philosophy for Children and was introduced in some schools in an Education District of the Western Cape. This study investigates the perceptions of Intermediate Phase educators about the implementation of Stories for Thinking in this Education District. Educators were asked their strengths and challenges of the approach, their way of using it and the support they received. A qualitative research method was used and data were gathered to answer the research questions by means of questionnaires and interviews. Research findings indicate that educators perceived that Stories for Thinking was able to enhance the reading ability of the learners, it showed a significant improvement in their confidence levels, and a positive change in their general behaviour. Language was seen as a barrier to learning, but the evidence indicates that the community of inquiry can be used as a tool to overcome some of the barriers. It seems as if educators valued the support from the project leaders. It is concluded that this kind of intervention programme is worth introducing as long as all the role-players play their part and the setting is conducive.
6
Lei, Veng Hong. "Electronic government development in Macau Special Administrative Region : an exploratory study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2001. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636746.
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Mulu, Ngwi Nnam Thecla. "A critical analysis of participatory community development initiatives: a case study of the small business development department of the Elgin learning foundation in the Overberg Region." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4597_1367480860.
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Development thinking in the 21st century has embraced the challenge to inform development practice towards managing the relationship between the macro and micro level of development,
with an emphasis on people-centred development (PCD) and a participatory development approach (PDA). People-centred development advocates a process focused on people, which
enables beneficiaries of communitydevelopment initiatives to empower themselves through participation. People-centred development has been universally accepted in the development
community as the only viable option, with the potential to reverse decades of top-down approaches to development through the engagement of community stakeholders in a meaningful participation process. The social development scene in South Africa is characterised by a strong presence of the civil society in general and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in
particular, which are major role players in socio-economic development at the grassroots. Most of these organisations are committed to participatory development methodologies in order to
meet the needs of povertystricken communities in South Africa. This thesis critically assessed participatory development in the Small Business Development Departments&rsquo
(SBDD)
programmes/projects at the Elgin Learning Foundation, in the Overberg district of the Western Cape. A qualitative research methodology was applied throughout the study. This research
approach was chosen
because the purpose of this project was to understand and describe community participation at the SBDD from an insider&rsquo
s perspective, and not to predict social action
or make generalisations about it. Accordingly, observation, in-depth interviews, documentary analysis, and focus-group discussions were utilised for data collection. The study also used
secondary sources of information, namely policy briefs, project proposals, annual evaluation reports, and minutes of meetings. The findings indicate that the community-development activities
of the SBDD are very visible in the Overberg region, and that the organisation maintains good relationships with community stakeholders. In addition, the department contributes significantly towards entrepreneurship and skills development in the
community, through its training and mentorship programmes. However, results also suggest that community-development at the SBDD is not always people-centred because training
programmes are largely externally designed, monitored and evaluated, without taking into consideration the felt needs of the people. Participation that is perceived as a means to an end, rather than an end in itself can be described as tokenistic. In this light, the study recommends that the SBDD develops context-specific strategies to implement participatory methodologies at all stages
of project-cycle management, in order to provide an enabling environment for the genuine participation of people at the grassroots. This approach can empower community members and build
local institutional capacities to ensure project/programme sustainability in the long term.
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Jain, Rahul. "Community colleges as labor market intermediaries: a comparative case study of departmental activities in reducing labor market gaps." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37240.
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Labor market intermediaries (LMIs) have taken on a greater role in regional labor markets as flexibility of work has increased over the past thirty years. These shifting roles necessitate a greater look at institutions that act as LMIs and the services they perform for workers and employers. Community colleges have recently been highlighted as one of the institutions serving workers that offer market molding activities, going beyond more traditional LMI market matching activities. This study compared four LMI placement and career activities - project based learning, internships and cooperative education, specialized accreditation, and industry advisement through councils - for five similar programs of study at community colleges in the City University of New York (CUNY) system to analyze the effects of these activities on employment placement. Greater utilization of these activities by community college departments was found in most cases to be beneficial for students as it regards employment placement in career fields related to the field of study. Activities that were successful in encouraging students to take part in forms of assessment of job-readiness, either through existing standardized testing of job skills or actual work experience, were found to be particularly valuable. These outcomes suggest that mature industries and occupations with established forms of assessment are more likely to provide a smooth transition from degree attainment to employment. Implications for community college administrators and funders are discussed.
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Chelone, Elizangela Ribeiro Bosco. "A articulação interinstitucional na dinâmica de planejamento territorial: a Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Regional de Itajaí e a Associação dos Municípios da Foz do Rio Itajaí." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1418.
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The dynamic of the development of each area cam be determined by capacity of action and reaction from social actors. And to understand this process, this work has the object of analysis the Department of Regional Development (SDR - Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Regional de Itajaí) and the Association Municipalities Mouth of the River Itajaí (Amfri - Associação dos Municípios da Foz do Rio Itajaí), institutions that have predominant roles as agents that promote development in the region. The main objective was to identify whether the institutions coordinate their actions in the dynamics of planning. In the sense, the research was guided by the following objectives: a) To analyze whether the government s objectives of SDR have been achieved SDR Itajaí; b) Identify the different fields of space AMFRI as land planning; c) Examine the extent to which the SDR Itajaí AMFRI and has achieved practical results what promote regional development; To propose possible scenarios for improvements or changes in the profile of Interinstitutional cooperation that strengthens the region. To develop the work we adopted the theoretical perspective of socio-spatial formation (Milton Santos), envisioned in studies that emphasize the regional specificities of Santa Catarina. As the methodological procedures, the qualitative approach to research was the Case Study whict enabled to focus specific situations in order to grasp the totality of the situation and describe its complexity. To construct the results, we started with the description of the socio-spatial formation, the characterization of institutions, the analysis of managers perception about the state and public administration institutions, the current paper. It was concluded that the institutions do not have shares in partnerships, the decentralization process was partially end activities in implementation of the structure itself public, having a pressing need to identify regional demands, reviewing and updating the existing Development Plan, and create mechanisms of monitoring and control, taking as its starting point the budget and financial autonomy. As results, we constructed a proposal for improving the profile of the two institutions and their interrelation to encourage and foster development in the region
A dinâmica do desenvolvimento de cada território pode ser determinada pela capacidade de ação e reação dos atores sociais. E para compreender esse processo, o presente trabalho teve como objeto de análise a Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Regional de Itajaí (SDR) e a Associação dos Municípios da Foz do Rio Itajaí (Amfri), instituições que possuem papéis preponderantes como agentes promotores de desenvolvimento na região. O objetivo principal foi identificar se as instituições articulam suas ações na dinâmica de planejamento territorial. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa foi norteada pelos seguintes objetivos específicos: a) analisar se os objetivos governamentais da SDR de Itajaí têm sido alcançados; b) identificar as formas de atuação da Amfri como espaço de planejamento territorial; c) analisar, comparativamente, até que ponto a SDR Itajaí e a Amfri têm conseguido resultados práticos que promovam o desenvolvimento da região e de que forma ambas as organizações cumprem suas funções sociais na dinâmica de planejamento territorial; d) delinear os cenários possíveis de melhorias ou mudanças no perfil de articulação interinstitucional, num futuro próximo, que possibilitem o incremento do desenvolvimento regional. Para desenvolver o trabalho, adotou-se a perspectiva teórica de formação socioespacial (Milton Santos), vislumbrada nos estudos que enfatizam as especificidades regionais de Santa Catarina. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, a abordagem qualitativa de investigação foi o estudo de caso, que possibilitou focalizar a pesquisa em situações específicas com o objetivo de apreender a totalidade da situação e descrever a sua complexidade. Para construir os resultados, partiu-se da descrição da formação socioespacial, da caracterização das instituições, da análise da percepção dos gestores acerca da administração pública estadual e das instituições que constituem o objeto deste trabalho. Concluiu-se que as instituições não possuem ações em parceria e o processo de descentralização ocorreu parcialmente na execução das atividades finalísticas da própria estrutura pública, havendo a necessidade premente de identificar as demandas regionais, revendo e atualizando o Plano de Desenvolvimento existente, além de criar mecanismos de acompanhamento e controle, tendo como ponto de partida a autonomia orçamentária e financeira. Como resultado da pesquisa, construiu-se uma proposta de melhoria no perfil das duas instituições e a sua inter-relação para fomentar e dinamizar o desenvolvimento na região
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Kwela, Happy Angel. "The effectiveness of the Personal Financial Management Programme on the well-being of employees in the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform in the Pietermaritzburg region." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53421.
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Financial management as a programme generally refers to a set of behaviours in the areas of
cash management, credit management, financial planning, investments, insurance and
retirement and estate planning (Dowling, Corney & Hoiles, 2009: 5). BancVue (2010) adds
by describing a personal financial management programme as a tool that helps consumers to
track and manage their finances, create budgets, categorise and anticipate spending, and
analyse the distribution and performance of their investments. It involves the efficient use of
personal finance to meet the individual s motives and goals .
Survival in this century depends on having resources to sustain one self. The greatest
resource nowadays is having income to meet the basic needs and other personal needs as
indicated by Maslow s hierarchy of needs (Moaisi, 2013: 21). The income earned by an
individual, just like any other resource, needs good management to ensure that the best value
can be extracted and utilised efficiently and effectively (Muske & Winter, 2004). It is for
these reasons that all consumers should have basic knowledge and skills in terms of personal
financial management that would enable sufficient control of finances, resulting in meeting
their basic needs and other necessities (Moaisi, 2013: 21-22).
The researcher is of the opinion that in order to educate consumers government and the
private sector should start by strengthening financial literacy programmes for all, especially the younger generation. If people are more financially literate, they will understand credit and
debt management better.
It is a well-known fact that there is a high prevalence of indebtedness among public servants
in the public sector (Public Commission Report, 2007). A report released by the University of
Pretoria, Law Clinic (Haupt et al., 2008:14) revealed that about R235 million (23%) which
contributed to the garnishee debt of public servants was based in the national departments.
This indicated that there was a substantial number of employees in national departments who
were serving garnishees orders. This was confirmed by a report released by PERSAL in the
Department of Rural Development and Land Reform in the Pietermaritzburg region which
revealed that between March 2009 and January 2011, 15% of employees were garnisheed as
a result of defaulting contracts with different credit providers.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Personal Financial
Management Programme for the financial well-being of employees in the Department of
Rural Development and Land Reform in the Pietermaritzburg region within the KwaZulu-
Natal province.
A quantitative study has been conducted and the data was collected through a questionnaire
from a sample of 15 employees in the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform in
Kwa-Zulu Natal province in Pietermaritzburg region. Valuable conclusions and
recommendations originated from the findings of this research study. In terms of the
quantitative results it was clear that the Personal Financial Management Programme did not
make a statistical significant impact on the respondents knowledge level and attitudes
towards financial management. However, the qualitative comments made by respondents
described the Personal Financial Management Programme as a good intervention and that it
should be repeated and offered to a greater number of employees. The implications of the
study could be that employees would gain financial skills to help them manage their finances
better and therefore improve their work performance and reduce absenteeism as a result.Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Social Work and Criminology
MSW
Unrestricted
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Taunyane, Letlhogonolo Bridgitte. "An analysis of the role of the Department of Water and Forestry in the management of the Xikundu Water Project in the Northern Region of the Limpopo Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/646.
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Thesis (MPA.) --University of Limpopo, 2007The aim of this inquiry was to analyze the role played by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry in service delivery, i.e. supply water in the northern region of the Limpopo Province. Not much research has been conducted in this field especially in the Limpopo Province. Public Services are not a privilege in a civilized and democratic society, but are a legitimate expectation. Hence, meeting the basic needs of all citizens is one of the five key programmes of the government’s Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). From the literature review, it was evident that service delivery is essential in the communities, and, as such, government departments and municipalities have a critical role to play. The study also aimed to examine the problems and challenges the community faced during the construction of the community development programme. It reflected on the importance of consultation, project management and even feedback as a point of departure in showing both to the department and the municipality the attitudes and perceptions of communities and their level of satisfaction with regard to the effectiveness of service delivery. In order to achieve this goal, an interview was conducted with various interviewees. The participants ranged from the youth to the elderly citizens in the community, and the government officials. The main patterns that emerged from the collected data related to the dissatisfaction of the community about the lack of consultation. It would be advisable for government, especially municipalities, to take cognizance of the results and concerns in an effort to improve and ensure the effective service delivery as stipulated in the Reconstruction and Development Programme document.
Limpopo Legislature
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AraÃjo, Maria Zita TimbÃ. "Sustainable development of regions semiarid of Brazil and the United States: the role of the National Department of Works Against Drought (DNOCS) and the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11352.
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The Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas - DNOCS is a secular institution of the Brazilian Federal Government, created in 1909 and acting in nine states of the Semi-arid Northeast, with the purpose of sustainably implementing the regional development of the more encompassing National Water Resources Policy. The UNITED STATES BUREAU OF RECLAMATION - USBR is, also, a secular institution, founded in 1902, which acts in seventeen states of the dry American West, whose mission is to âmanage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public.â This work consists in researching and learning about practical experiences, projects elaborations, construction works, water management and regional development of those two important institutions. Taking into account the knowledge of the inflexion moment in which the USBR changed its performance, adapting it to todayâs West-American Water Resources Management, and considering paradigm shifts relative to the environment and safety of water facilities, this study constitutes a technical and scientific contribution to decision-making in the formulation of a Project for Institutional Restoration of DNOCS, that enhances the management of water resources in the semi-arid Brazilian northeastern region.O Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas - DNOCS à uma instituiÃÃo secular do Governo Federal Brasileiro, criada em 1909, atuando em nove estados do Nordeste SemiÃrido, com a funÃÃo de contribuir para a implementaÃÃo da PolÃtica Nacional de Recursos HÃdricos e para o desenvolvimento sustentÃvel da regiÃo. O UNITED STATES BUREAU OF RECLAMATION - USBR Ã, tambÃm, uma instituiÃÃo secular, criada em 1902, que atua em dezessete estados do Ãrido Oeste Americano, com a missÃo de âadministrar, desenvolver e proteger a Ãgua e os recursos hÃdricos, de maneira ambiental e economicamente sustentÃvel, no interesse do povo americanoâ. Este trabalho consiste em pesquisar e conhecer as experiÃncias, formas de atuaÃÃo na elaboraÃÃo de projetos, obras, gestÃo hÃdrica e desenvolvimento regional dessas duas importantes instituiÃÃes, visando fazer um âEstudo Comparativo sobre a atuaÃÃo de InstituiÃÃes Seculares de Recursos HÃdricos, como o UNITED STATES BUREAU OF RECLAMATION â USBR (Oeste Americano) e o DEPARTAMENTO NACIONAL DE OBRAS CONTRA AS SECAS - DNOCS (Nordeste do Brasil), no Desenvolvimento SustentÃvel de RegiÃes SemiÃridasâ. Considerando o conhecimento do momento de inflexÃo em que o USBR mudou sua atuaÃÃo, adequando-a à GestÃo dos Recursos HÃdricos do Oeste Americano em bases atuais, e, considerando ainda, as mudanÃas de paradigmas relativas Ãs questÃes ambientais e de seguranÃa de obras hÃdricas, esse estudo poderà contribuir tÃcnica e cientificamente para tomadas de decisÃo na formulaÃÃo de um Projeto de ReestruturaÃÃo Institucional do DNOCS, colaborando para a otimizaÃÃo da gestÃo dos recursos hÃdricos no semiÃrido nordestino brasileiro.
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Barkley, Elethea. "The relationship between emotional intelligence and burnout amongst social workers in the north and south regions of the Western Cape." University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3932.
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Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS)The social work profession is strongly client based with workers being involved in complex social situations (Lloyd, King & Chenoweth, 2002). Social workers judgement and decision making are influenced by their emotions and the emotional context of the situation. Thus emotional intelligence is a core skill for every social worker. Morrison (2007) purported that in order to be a good practitioner one had to be able to comprehend and mange one‟s emotions and be completely aware of the power of these emotions. Social work thus requires emotional involvement and it is therefore not uncommon for social workers to be emotionally drained and frustrated, which inevitably can lead to burnout (Lukelelo, 2004). According to Howe (2008), on a daily basis social workers face the complex world of human behaviour within the social context. Within this world relationships are broken, emotions run high and personal needs may not be met. However, Kinman and Grant (2010) postulated if social workers possessed the correct emotional and social competencies it would assist them in coping with the stressors of the profession and could reduce psychological distress and enhance well-being.
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Chau, Chun-kwok Anson, and 鄒振國. "A study of contracting out in the Regional Services Department." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196400X.
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Chau, Chun-kwok Anson. "A study of contracting out in the Regional Services Department." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13236441.
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Eriksson, Marie-Louise. "Organising regional innovation support : Sweden's Industrial Development Centres as regional development coalitions /." Linköping : Department of Technology and Social Change, Linköping University, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/arts326s.pdf.
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Li, Jingyi. "Provincial government and regional development." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/759/.
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This research uses a case study of Xinjiang to challenge China's reform by addressing the problems rooted in its partiality and regionalisation. The reform started in the field of political administration and toleration of decentralisation and marketisation in the economic sphere has generated economic prosperity in some regions. But economic reform was not necessarily accompanied by political transformation. Most characteristics of socialism have been retained, including political discretion and economic bailout. Both are regarded as major causes to economic weakness in some sectors and some provinces. The central argument for the continuation of the partial reform is decentralisation of decision-making to the local political state, enabling local government to give a "helping hand" in facilitating change. But the partiality of the reform drives local governments in those regions with political sensitivities to become a "political defender", holding back the progress of the reform there. Such unbalanced and unparalleled developments amongst the regions and institutions has create imbalances in provinces such as Xinjiang, challenging the success of China's reform overall. In politically sensitive regions, the Communist Party has retained an administrative stranglehold and development has stagnated, not only calling into question the sustainability the reforms but also potentially threatening China's unity and political stability. The thesis uses Xinjiang, which is politically very sensitive, because of its ethnicity and strategic resources, to argue this point.
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Bruecher, Jonne. "Regional economic integration and development." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-211672.
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Regionaler Wirtschaftlicher Integration (RWI) liegt ein doppelter Zielkonflikt (“trade-off“) zugrunde. Zum einen besteht dieser trade-off auf räumlicher Ebene da es sich um eine politische und ökonomische Organisationseinheit zwischen dem Lokalen und Globalen handelt. Zum anderen besteht ein trade-off da sowohl Liberalisierungsansätze innerhalb der Region als auch das Aufrechterhalten (oder gar Erweitern) von Protektionismus gegen die Außenwelt Teil von regionalen Ansätzen sind. Darüber hinaus ist RWI ein facettenreiches, polymorphes und idiosynkratisches Phänomen, das (potentiell) eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Politkfelder und Politikschlagrichtungen enthält. Traditionell wird RWI nach der Klassifizierung von Balassa (1961) in Präferenzabkommen (PTAs), Freihandelsabkommen (FTAs), Zollunionen (CUs) Gemeinsame Märkte (CMs), Währungsunionen (MUs) und ggf. Politische Unionen (PUs) eingeteilt und meist auch eine zeitliche Abfolge in dieser Reihenfolge unterstellt. In Wahrheit finden solche Prozesse teilweise parallel und in vielen Fällen unvollständig statt. Daher erscheint es sinnvoller, in vier verschiedene Kategorien an Politikfeld0ptionen zu unterschieden, nämlich
• Präferentielle Liberalisierung von Güterhandel;
• Präferentielle Liberalisierung anderer Produktionsfaktoren;
• Koordinierung & Harmonisierung von Regularien und Institutionen;
• Koordinierung und gemeinsame Verausgabung von öffentlichen Mitteln.
Ein solch vielgestaltiges und janusköpfiges Phänomen bezieht seine Rechtfertigung aus einer großen Anzahl an unterschiedlichen theoretischen Schulen. Wir diskutieren diese Schulen in dieser Arbeit in drei separaten Kapiteln zum Neo-Klassischen Ansatz, zu Ansätzen der Politischen Ökonomie sowie zu Heterodoxen Ansätzen. Dabei lassen sich fünf Gruppen von Effekten unterscheiden. Diese sind
• Allokationseffekte;
• Akkumulationseffekte;
• Lokationseffekte;
• Levellingeffekte;
• Und Gouvernanz-Effekte.
Bei der Analyse von RWI sind darüber hinaus Imperfektionen zu beachten, die insbesondere in Afrika eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Dies bezieht sich insbesondere auf die teilweise sehr schwache Implementation von beschlossenen RWI Maβnahmen, die sich z.B. im „Spaghetti Bowl“ Phänomen, politischen Widerständen auf nationaler Ebene, administrativen Schwächen und massiven Deckungslücken in den Budgets der regionalen Behörden niederschlagen. Auch die Dominanz der Informalität in der Wirtschaft wirft Fragen zur potentiellen Wirkungsmächtigkeit von RWI auf. Während solche „Papiertiger“-Phänomene grundsätzliche Fragen an der Ernsthaftigkeit der jeweiligen Regionalvorhaben aufwerfen, kann die Präsenz solcher Hürden auch Grund für Optimismus sein da die empirisch bislang beobachteten, relativ geringen Wohlfahrtseffekte zu einem substantiellen Anteil auf die geringe Implementierungstiefe zurückgeführt werden können und nicht zwangsläufig ein Beleg für die Ineffektivität von RWI per se gesehen werden muss. Mit anderen Worten, eine wirkliche empirische Überprüfung des Erfolgs oder Versagens von RWI in Entwicklungsländern könnte erst stattfinden, wenn es tatsächlich ordnungsgemäß umgesetzt würde.
Der bekannteste und am umfangreichsten entwickelte Ansatz zur Analyse der Effekte von RWI ist fraglos der Neo-klassische Ansatz, der sich grundlegend und ausschlieβlich mit der auf Viner zurückgehenden Gegenüberstellung von Handelsschaffung und Handelsumlenkung. Wir zeigen, dass die neoklassischen empirischen Methoden und Resultate trotz Tausender Studien wenig robust sind und zu einem Gutteil arbiträr gewählt sind. Kleinste Änderungen in Modell-Parametern, der empirischen Strategie oder den Datenquellen führen zu stark abweichenden Resultaten. Grundsätzlich scheint Handelsumlenkung weniger stark ausgeprägt zu sein als Handelsschaffung, der Netto-Effekt für die Regionen scheint also aus dieser Perspektive in den allermeisten Fällen positiv zu sein (dies zeigen sowohl Sekundärstudien als auch eigene Berechnungen). Es gibt sowohl Gewinner als auch Verlierer innerhalb der Regionen. Allerdings scheinen diese nicht wie vom Neoklassischen Ansatz vorhergesagt, durch die anfängliche ökonomische Machtverteilung vorherbestimmt zu sein. Dennoch bleibt die axiomatische Inferiorität von RWI zwischen Entwicklungsländern gegenüber multilateraler Liberalisierung (sowie Nord-Süd Integration und unilateraler Liberalisierung) intakt, solange die Analyse auf diese Perspektive beschränkt bleibt. Dies wirft die Frage auf, warum es dann sein kann, dass Regionalintegration so weit verbreitet ist – sowohl die Analysen aus Politökonomischer Sicht als auch jene aus Heterodoxer Sicht versuchen jeweils Antwort auf dieses scheinbare Rätsel zu geben. Darüber hinaus mündet eine unvoreingenommen und holistische Analyse von Regionalintegration innerhalb des Neoklassischen Ansatzes in einer fundamentale Erkenntnis, die überraschenderweise nur selten in der Literatur diskutiert wird. Ein näherer Blick auf die jeweiligen Schätzungen offenbart, dass selbst die optimistischsten Berechnungen in Größenordnungen enden, die absolut vernachlässigbar sind im Verhältnis zu generellen Wachstumsdynamiken, da es sich bei den Effizienzgewinnen aus Allokationseffekten um Einmal-Effekte in Höhe von unter einem Prozent des BIP handelt. Dies trifft interessanterweise nicht nur auf RWI zu, sondern auch für eine mögliche allumfassende multilaterale Liberalisierung. Diese eklatante Bedeutungslosigkeit der allokationsbedingten Handelsschaffung von sowohl RWI als auch multilateraler Liberalisierung wirft in unseren Augen mehr Fragen bezüglich der Zweckdienlichkeit des Neoklassischen Ansatzes auf, als bezüglich des Entwicklungs- und Wachstumspotentials von Regionalintegration. Allerdings stellt sich die Frage, warum dieser Analyse dann ein solch großer Raum beigemessen wird. Der Hauptgrund scheint, wie in vielen anderen Bereichen der Volkswirtschaft auch, weniger der Umstand zu sein, dass die Einsicht fehlt, dass diese Analysen die Realität nur unzureichend ab- und nachbilden, sondern vielmehr, dass von vielen Autoren mehr Wert auf eine elegante, mathematisch raffinierte und zumindest scheinbar klar quantifizierte und eindeutige Ergebnisse liefernde Methode setzen wollen als auf eine, bei der die Disziplin methodisch bestenfalls in den Anfangsschuhen steckt, Datengrundlagen in substantiellem Umfang fehlen und Ungewissheiten aufgrund der Komplexität kaum abschließend überwunden werden können.
An zweiter Stelle folgt in Bezug auf Popularität und Anzahl an Studien ein spieltheoretischer Ansatz der Politischen Ökonomie. Hierbei wird der Frage nachgegangen, warum Regionalintegration betrieben wird, obwohl der Neoklassische Ansatz (scheinbar) nachweist, das seine multilaterale Lösung zu präferieren wäre. Als Grund wird hierbei der Einfluss von Lobbyisten und anderen Interessengruppen angenommen. Die Diskussion widmet sich im weiteren Verlauf fast ausschließlich der Frage, ob eine solcherart zustande gekommene Regionalintegration weitere, multilaterale Liberalisierungsschritte beflügelt und behindert. Allerdings ist der Erkenntnisgewinn aus den unzähligen Studien und Modellen äußerst überschaubar.
Andere wichtige Ansätze für die Analyse von RWI erhalten deutlich weniger Aufmerksamkeit in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion, obwohl diese heterodoxen Ansätze, die den Fokus auf dynamische Effekte und Strukturwandel legen, in der öffentlichen Debatte eine nicht unbedeutende Rolle spielen. Diesen Ansätzen ist gemein, dass sie einen Fokus auf Marktversagen und Externalitäten legen. Das Triumvirat der Neuen Handelstheorie, der Neuen der Diskussionen, wobei zusätzlich einige Keynesianische Einflüsse, der Neue Institutionalismus (sowie praxisorientierte Aspekte der Öffentlichen Finanzen) und einige radikalere Ansätze mit Ökonomischen Geografie und der Neuen Endogenen Wachstumstheorie bildet hierbei den Kern Fokus auf Arbeitsmärkte und Entwicklungsfallen eine Rolle spielen. Heterodoxe, dynamische Effekte sind sehr komplex und divers und die theoretische und empirische Anwendung auf Regionalismus ist nur sehr schwach entwickelt. Einige heterodoxe Argument ändern die Resultate der Neoklassischen Theorie nur in beschränktem Umfang und zeigen sowohl Vorteile und Nachteile von regionalen und multilateralen Liberalisierungsschritten. Einige andere heterodoxe / dynamische Effekte treten entweder ausschließlich bei RWI auf oder zu einem deutlichen geringeren Maβe auch im Gefolge von Multilateralismus und Nord-Süd Integration. Einige davon haben unserer Einschätzung nach tatsächlich das Potential, die Neoklassischen Argumente zur Dominanz von multilateralen Lösungen komplett ins Gegenteil zu verkehren. Leider ist die empirische Analyse von dynamischen Effekten jedoch sehr schlecht entwickelt. Dennoch erscheinen Schätzungen aufgrund von dynamischen Modellen “sufficiently specified to suggest that the benefits behind the dynamics of integration are potentially large” (Develin & French-Davis, 1998:20). Die Komplexität der heterodoxen Effekte impliziert, dass komplizierte Entscheidungen zur Auswahl von spezifischen Maβnahmen getroffen werden müssen. Auch wenn Regionalismus dynamische Effekte auslösen kann, ist dies keineswegs ein Automatismus, der aus jeglichen regionalen Anstrengungen entspringt. Rodrik’s Kommentar zu Industriepolitik paraphrasierend, sollte daher in Zukunft weniger der Frage nachgegangen werden, ob Regionalismus unter Entwicklungsländern eine gute Politikwahl ist, sondern eher, wie Regionalismus ausgebildet werden muss, um erfolgreich Entwicklungsimpulse geben zu können.
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Chung, Seung-hun. "Three Essays on Regional Development." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566143437804679.
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Berger, Thomas. "Regional development and competitiveness : an analysis of indices of regional competitiveness." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55847/.
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There is a growing debate on the theoretical basis, how it could be conceptualised, as well as the utility and meaning of regional competitiveness. This is associated with various attempts to measure regional competitiveness with the help of composite indices for coming-up with league tables. However the measurement of regional performance has run ahead of the academic debate, such indices receive a lot of media attention, and in some cases are even used by policy-makers to support their arguments. It is therefore instructive to look at such indices in more detail to evaluate their utility from a practical standpoint. This is done by working out the theoretical framework for six indices, deconstructing these and analysing the single indicators. Methodologically, issues such as normalization, standardization and the aggregation into a single number are also included. In addition to this, since many authors claim that their indices can function as a proxy for future growth, a statistical analysis of the predictive quality with respect to economic performance has also been carried out. This thesis, therefore, for the first time, sheds light on the utility of regional competitiveness indices and contributes to the discussion of the meaning of benchmarking regional performance based on the regional competitiveness hegemony that can be observed. The findings suggest that indices of regional competitiveness can be of only limited help for policy-decisions besides although they are a source for a wealth of information on certain regional indicators. This is primarily because of the lack of a theoretical basis for measuring regional competitiveness, and secondly because of the poor performance in functioning as a proxy for future economic performance.
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Doneman, Michael. "Creative industries development in regional Queensland." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16281/.
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Creative industries have significance in considerations of regional development because of their potential for both social-cultural and political-economic benefit. This is especially the case in Indigenous communities, given the potential of traditional and contemporary cultural expression for industry development and employment. This research set out to explore and evaluate an action research approach to creative industries development in regional contexts, stimulated by a research initiative of Queensland's Department of State Development in cooperation with Queensland University of Technology's Creative Industries Research and Applications Centre. It is based on an analysis of seven pilot projects undertaken between 2002 and 2004, most of which involved Indigenous participation and which gave rise to consideration of the additional value of Indigenist research perspectives. The research found that an action research methodology, informed by Indigenist research values, can assist creative enterprise development in a regional context through the development of new businesses or by value-adding to existing businesses, and the consequent generation and exploitation of new intellectual property. In this process, it found that there is an emerging role for the creative entrepreneur, such a role arising from the practices of community cultural development and social-cultural animation.
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Young, Stuart Todd. "Romanian regional economic development 1945-1995." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251245.
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This thesis investigates the processes and influences that have driven regional economic development in Romania during the period 1945-95. One of the central aims is to examine whether the change from a planned to a market economy has significantly influenced the spatial distribution of economic activity. The initial part of the thesis exammes the theoretical perspectives of Romanian regional development challenging the neo-classical hypothesis and proposing that Romanian development patterns, under both the socialist andThe thesis presents an investigation of the patterns of national and regional development during 1945-95. One of the central messages that emerges is the importance of national and regional industrial structures to overall economic performance. It is argued that while the transition of the socialist economy to the market model may involve a fundamental change in the national and regional economic framework, both systems prioritised national growth over regional concerns through the focus on economic efficiency at the expense of equity considerations. The empirical results presented in the thesis reveal that economic growth free market, are best placed within the context of cumulative growth and agglomeration economies. within Romania is concentrated on previously developed regional centres. Both the socialist and free market systems failed to generate any fundamental change in the distribution of regional economic activity, although the introduction of the market economy is found to be marginally divergent. This is itself a rejection of the argument that the introduction of market forces will lead to a greater convergence in regional economic activity
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Barone, Barbara <1982>. "Essays on Regional Development and Internationalisation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4957/.
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This collection of essays examines various aspects of regional development and the issues of internationalization.
The first essay investigates the implications of the impressive growth of China from a rural-urban perspective and addresses the topic of convergence in China by employing a non-parametrical approach to study the distribution dynamics of per capita income at province, rural and urban levels. To better understand the degree of inequality characterizing China and the long-term predictions of convergence or divergence of its different territorial aggregations, the second essay formulates a composite indicator of Regional Development (RDI) to benchmark development at province and sub-province level. The RDI goes beyond the uni-dimensional concept of development, generally proxied by the GDP per capita, and gives attention to the rural-urban dimension. The third essay “Internationalization and Trade Specialization in Italy. The role of China in the international intra-firm trade of the Italian regions” - deals with another aspect of regional economic development: the progressive de-industrialisation and de-localization of the local production. This essay looks at the trade specialization of selected Italian regions (those regions specialized in manufacturing) and the fragmentation of the local production on a global scale. China represents in this context an important stakeholder and the paper documents the importance of this country in the regional intra-firm trade.
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Marshall, Don Decourcey. "The Caribbean, NAFTA and regional development." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/380.
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This thesis examines the record of development and the prospects for national ascent in the anglophone Caribbean. It argues that a transformative dialectic is operating through the restructuring of political-economic relations in the Americas. NAFTA and its expansion open up possibilities for business linkages, joint venture arrangements, and investment and trade creation opportunities for participating countries. This is a structural development opportunity that Caribbean state managers can least ignore. Indeed, a record of missed or squandered opportunities extends backwards into the region's colonial past. Since the independence period, developmentalist projects have been stultified by populist-statism and the circulationism of merchant capital in the individual countries. In spite of this, the national option appeared a secure one. Economic viability rested on the sale of one or two cash crop exports; the securing of non-reciprocal trading arrangements in the international arena; the promotion of the individual countries as cheap labour platforms for foreign manufacturing; a dependence on incomes from tourism and offshore services; and easy access to international loan capital. Today, the shifting competitive dynamics of the international system have yery far reaching implications for the nature of the Caribbean political economy. Economies of scope and scale are increasingly being favoured. The region has been caught napping because capital accumulation remains rooted in distribution infrastructures and not production ones. Indeed, the hegemony of circulation over production in the Caribbean points to the special circumstances that attended the new political class at the time of independence in the 1960s. The stability goal took paramount importance. State managers and the old commercial oligarchy became united by a lowest commondenominator interest, i.e. to reap and extend the benefits of the status quo. The nature of this postcolonial arrangement meant that state managers would fail to deepen the process of capital accumulation and industrialise. This thesis suggests that in light of the present balance of global socio-political forces, and the region's economic malaise, the Caribbean will be on better ground to pursue economic recovery through a deeper form of regionalism. It argues that export-orientated development is a social transformation venture that goes beyond new fiscal measures and market reforms. Hence the need to engender the rise of a new economic class of industrial entrepreneurs. Accordingly, this thesis concludes that a regionalised developmental state in the Caribbean will be vital for altering the region's status in the international system and the hemisphere, and for pursuing a 'nurture industrial capitalism' project.
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Barkham, Richard. "Entrepreneurship, new firms and regional development." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328545.
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Wynn, Robert Dempsey. "Regional Variations in Third World Development." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626084.
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Cavalcante, Anderson Tadeu Marques. "Regional financial development and economic growth." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610634.
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Gazzah, Faten. "Entrepreneurship and regional development : spatial analysis." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC025.
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Cette thèse se propose de mettre en perspective l’impact de l’environnement entrepreneurial, afin d'expliquer les raisons de la variation spatiale du niveau de développement régional pour les régions de l’Union Européenne et celles des régions tunisiennes. Cette inégalité régionale s’accompagne par une non-stationnarité spatiale des relations modalisées dans l’espace, ce qui implique que certaines variables peuvent avoir un effet positif dans quelques régions, alors que des effets négatifs sont observables dans d’autres régions. Pour aborder la question des inégalités régionales liées à une contribution entrepreneuriale dans un contexte spatiale, trois chapitres, sous forme d’articles, ont été développés. Le premier chapitre étudie l’hétérogénéité spatiale de l’impact de l’environnement entrepreneurial sur le développement des régions de l’Union Européenne. Le deuxième s’intéresse à la description des répartitions spatiales globales et locales de l’indice de développement régional en Tunisie, ainsi qu'à l’impact de la variation de l’effet de la micro-entreprise sur l’indice de développement des régions (délégations) tunisiennes. Le dernier chapitre explique les facteurs favorisant un environnement entrepreneurial adéquat pour attirer les micro-entreprises dans les régions (délégations) tunisiennes principalement défavorisées mais qui sont cependant dans une phase de développement.En se basant sur un échantillon composé de 246 régions de l’Union Européenne, les résultats du premier chapitre annoncent que l’environnement entrepreneurial contribue à expliquer les inégalités du développement entre les régions. Ce résultat révèle que promouvoir un entrepreneuriat d’opportunité face à un entrepreneuriat de nécessité dans les régions les moins développées de l’Union Européenne est une obligation, notamment dans les pays de l’Europe Centrale et Orientale. Le deuxième chapitre a pour objectif d’examiner l’effet de la micro-entreprise sur l’indice de développement des 262 régions tunisiennes à l’aide d’une analyse exploratoire des données Géo-référencées. Le résultat obtenu montre, sur la base d’un modèle spatial global, que la présence de la micro-entreprise dans une région impacte positivement le niveau de développement régional de celle-ci et de celles des régions voisines. A contrario, pour un modèle spatial local, nous constatons, d’une part que l'impact de la micro-entreprise s’affaiblit en se rapprochant des régions côtières (développées), et d’autre part que l'impact de la micro-entreprise est plus important dans les régions à faible niveau de développement par rapport à celles dotées d’un développement favorable. Les résultats du troisième chapitre affirment que l’entrepreneuriat par nécessité, un contexte social décourageant, la corruption, la faible fiabilité des structures d'appui et le déséquilibre entre la formation universitaire et l’offre d’emplois qualifiés sur le marché sont les facteurs majeurs freinant la survie de la micro-entreprise dans les régions en retard de développementThis thesis proposes to put into perspective the impact of the entrepreneurial environment, in order to explain the reasons for the spatial variation of the level of regional development for the regions of the European Union and those of the Tunisian regions. This regional inequality is accompanied by non-stationary spatial modalized relationships in space, implying that certain variables can have a positive effect in some regions, while negative effects are observable in other regions. To address the issue of regional inequalities in an entrepreneurial contribution in a context space, three chapters, in the form of articles, have been developed. The first chapter sheds light on the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of the environment on the development of the European Union Regions. The second focuses on the description of spatial distributions global and local index to regional development in Tunisia, as well as the impact of the change in the effect of the micro-enterprise on the index of development of the Tunisian regions (delegations).The last chapter explains the factors fostering an entrepreneurial environment to attract micro-enterprises in the (delegations) Tunisian regions primarily disadvantaged but are in a phase of development .Based on a sample composed of 246 regions of the European Union, the results of the first chapter announced that the entrepreneurial environment helps explain inequalities in development between the regions. This result reveals that promote entrepreneurship of opportunity in the face of the necessity entrepreneurship in the regions the least developed in the European Union is an obligation, particularly in countries of Central Europe and Eastern. The second chapter is aimed to consider the effect of the micro-enterprise on the development index of 262 Tunisian regions using an exploratory analysis of Geo-referenced data. The result shows, on the basis of a global spatial model, that the presence of the micro-enterprise or business in a region impacted positively the level of regional development and those of the neighboring regions. Conversely, for a local spatial model, we see, on the one hand that the impact of micro-enterprise weakens while approaching coastal areas (developed), and on the other hand the impact of the micro-enterprise is more important in the regions with low level of development compared to those with a favorable development. The results of the third chapter claim that entrepreneurship by necessity, a discouraging social context, corruption, low reliability of support structures and the imbalance between the academic training and supply of skilled jobs on the market are the major factors slowing down the survival of the micro-enterprise in under developed regions
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Cheng, Zhen. "Essays on Agricultural and Regional Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92696.
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In a world of imbalance, food consumption exhibits great diversity among regions and countries. Although farmers in developed economies benefit from up-to-date agricultural technology and produce much more than they consume, households in the developing world are still combating food insecurity. This dissertation is composed of two manuscripts. One is about consumption in developing countries, while the other is related to promoting agricultural production in a developed economy.
Chapter 1 applies a three-stage demand system to nationally representative household survey data to identify food demand behavior with an emphasis on food staples in two West Africa countries ‒ Niger and Nigeria. The third stage of the demand system offers demand elasticities of specific staple items. Instead of treating the population as a whole, the study distinguishes rural and urban households and households of different welfare status. Results confirm the complexity of the food and staples demand between rural/urban areas and among welfare quintiles. Therefore, researchers and policymakers should consider not only the average demand response but also its distribution among households. In addition to demand elasticities, the effects of household demographic characteristics on the structure of food consumption are also obtained.
Chapter 2 estimates the rates of return to Virginia's public expenditure on agricultural research and extension (RandE) during 1949-2016 and attempts to address the ad hoc model selection problem common in previous studies. Among the econometric modeling strategies in previous literature, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and Bayesian Hierarchical Model (BHM) are two promising methods to solve the issue of model uncertainty. The rate-of-return estimates by BHM are preferable because BHM imposes fewer restrictions on lag structures and offers more reasonable lag shapes. By BHM, the internal rates of return (IRR) of Virginia's public expenditures on agricultural RandE are 26% and 42%, respectively. Nineteen percent of Virginia's agricultural productivity growth during 1949-2016 results from its RandE investments, and the contribution of research to that growth is about twice of that of extension. One extra million dollar expenditure on research in 1992 would have brought a benefit of $4.5 million, and the same expenditure in 1983 would have brought $5.4 million in additional benefits. If the extra expenditure is spent on extension, it would have brought a benefit of $6.1 million and $6.3 million if the expenditure occurs in 1992 and 1983, respectively. Besides the modeling strategy, this study is distinguished from previous studies in that distributions of rates of return instead of only point estimates are obtained, which is missing in most studies.Doctor of Philosophy
In a world of imbalance, food production and consumption exhibit great diversity among regions and countries. While farmers of developed economies benefit from up-todate agricultural technology and produce more than they consume, households in the developing world are still facing food insecurity. This dissertation is composed of two manuscripts. Chapter 1 is about food consumption in developing countries. It analyzes household food demand behavior in the two West Africa countries Niger and Nigeria with a focus on staple foods. Food demand behavior differs for rural and urban households and households of different income. Therefore, when evaluating the effects of policies and other impacts, policymakers and researchers should treat households with different attributes separately. Chapter 2 is on how to improve agricultural production within the context of a developed economy: it evaluates the returns to public expenditures on agricultural research and extension (R&E) in Virginia. Previous studies choose statistical models arbitrarily, and this study attempts to address this issue. It finds that Virginia’s investments in agricultural R&E contribute to nineteen percent of the productivity growth in 1949-2016, and the contribution of research is about twice of that of extension.
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Trippl, Michaela, and Gunther Maier. "Knowledge Spillover Agents and Regional Development." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/842/1/document.pdf.
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It is widely recognised that knowledge and highly skilled individuals as "carriers" of knowledge (i.e. knowledge spillover agents) play a key role in impelling the development and growth of cities and regions. In this paper we discuss the relation between the mobility of talent and knowledge flows. In this context, several issues are examined, including the role of highly skilled labour for regional development, the features that characterise knowledge spillovers through labour mobility, the key factors for attracting and retaining talent as well as the rise of "brain gain" policies. Although the paper deals with highly skilled mobility and migration in general, a particular attention will be paid to flows of (star) scientists.Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Alakshendra, Abhinav. "Essays on development and regional economics." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14128.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Economics
Dong Li
Wayne Nafziger
The dissertation includes three essays on development and regional economics. Son preference prevails among Indian couples. I test the hypothesis that women who bear sons experience an elevated status within the household, which translates into their increased role in decision-making. The first essay empirically examines the issue. Using data from the Indian Human Development Survey, I find that women who have given birth to at least one son show greater participation in the household’s financial decisions as well as other decisions in a household. Presence of a senior member in the household, however, reduces the women’s relative household bargaining strength. The second essay examines the wage differentials of natives, naturalized citizens, and immigrants on the basis of gender, and for the latter two categories, on the basis of region of origin. This paper argues that the assimilation effect for naturalized citizens should be stronger than that for immigrants since a naturalized citizen, on an average, spends more than 15 years in the country, much higher than immigrants. I find that immigrants experience higher increase in wages than naturalized citizens with longer stay in the United States. The essay concludes that this trend in wages cannot be explained by the assimilation argument alone. We also report that naturalized citizens command higher returns to higher education than immigrants. The third essay explores issues in regional economics. Kansas has the third largest public highway miles and one of the highest miles per person in the country. Due to declining rural population, counties lack the required tax base and fiscal health to support their large ailing rural road infrastructure. The average farm size is increasing and so is the size of vehicles using the rural roads. This paper suggests removing some rural low volume roads from the county road network as one option. I study three Kansas counties to analyze the cost-benefit of reducing low volume road miles. I find that rural counties will be able to save money by closing some low volume roads.
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Lundquist, Karl-Johan, and Lars-Olof Olander. "Growth cycles: transformation and regional development." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/2961/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2010_04.pdf.
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Departing from the renewed interest within economic history and neo-Schumpeterian perspectives on growth and economic transformation, we will suggest a theoretical framework
for analyzing long term regional economic growth and transformation. Emphasis will be given to different driving forces and their various roles over time, lead-lag relations between industries and how divergence and convergence between regions shift cyclically as
consequences of technological change, market integration and economic growth. We claim that systemic approaches in general have been neglected in regional science in favor of "neoregionalism" in the sense that the study of regional growth has been focusing for years on regional innovation systems and cluster theories without any regard to systemic relations at all.
Using detailed time series data and applying a systemic approach we will follow Swedish regions from the structural crises in the mid 1970s to the starting point of the present financial crises. Our results suggest that there are time lags as well as systemic spatial asymmetries
between industries and regions leading to changing patterns of divergence and convergence in the regional system. Furthermore, there are indications that the regional disparities between centre and periphery have increased compared to the situation in the mid 1970s.(author's abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Abraham, Akampurira [Verfasser]. "Sustainable Development and Environment Management - Regional Development / Akampurira Abraham." München : GRIN Verlag, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1183299397/34.
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Gaube, Veronika, and Sabine Sedlacek. "Sustainable regional development in Austria. The role of regional institutions by implementing a sustainable regional pathway." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1358/1/document.pdf.
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According to the current focus of the regional policy of the European Union on sustainable regional development the question arises - what are the key-elements to achieve a sustainable regional pathway? The identification of these key-factors is a challenge for the regional policy in each member state. One elementary key-factor is the promotion of new technologies as part of a regional innovation strategy. Regional institutions which support environmental improvements within regions can be identified as key-actors for achieving a sustainable regional pathway. The main research question focuses on the relevance of existing regional institutions and their ability of fulfilling the challenges of sustainable regional development goals. Their role within the regional innovation system and their flexibility to change their target group profiles seems relevant for successful applications of sustainable regional development strategies. This contribution focuses exclusively on regional management institutions which were established after Austria's EU accession. (author's abstract)Series: WU-Jahrestagung 2002
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Alfaraj, Naif Faraj Saad. "Enhancing public participation in regional development : the case of Riyadh Regional Council." Curtin University of Technology, Curtin Business School, School of Management, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18628.
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This thesis examines public participation in regional development in Saudi Arabia at the local government level. The main objective of the study examines the current policies and practices of Riyadh Regional Council with regard to regional development, paying particular attention to the issue of public participation. Key decision-makers and decision locations are identified as focal points of policy development and implementation. The work begins from the premise that public participation is one of the key elements of effective regional policy that has so far been under-researched and consequently under-utilised in the Saudi Arabian context. The research opens by examining the national and cultural context of regional development in Saudi Arabia. It identifies and examines the relationship between policy development and the traditions and constitutional arrangements. These considerations are followed by an interrogation of the literature that reveals a range of concepts and perspectives on regional development and public participation. Of particular relevance to this study is the importance of the ‘institutional turn’ in regional development and the role of public participation in enhancing the functioning of those institutions associated with regional development. Saudi Arabia has an economy that is largely dependent on revenues generated from the export of crude and refined petrochemicals. This places Saudi Arabia in a category of nations that are liable to suffer from the ‘resource curse’. The literature suggests that avoiding this particular phenomenon is in part dependent on having robust institutions. This firmly connects the research problem to previous research and provides a sound rationale for the conduct of the study.Interpretivism is advanced as a suitable philosophical framework for the conduct of the research. It offers a methodological rationale for a case study investigation that draws on a range of qualitative data sources. Such an approach is especially useful for examining situations that are bound in time and space and can provide theoretical and practical insights that are useful in other contexts. This research presents new insights into how local government in Saudi Arabia can develop strategies for enhancing public participation in the creation of regional development policies and practices. There has been recent rapid economic development in Saudi Arabia that has influenced overall planning directions and development achievements and made it possible for the government to achieve systematic progress in long-term economic diversification into industrialisation, education, health, transport, and communication and social services. Even so, the Saudi Arabian government is concerned about increasing public participation in all areas. The formation of the regional councils in 1992 can be considered as a step towards public participation in the socio-economic development of their regions. However, the findings of this research demonstrate that there is a need for creating new policies and techniques to help regional councils in improving their performance to meet the needs of their citizens, and public participation is a key to achieving this end. To do this it is recommended that the councils should be granted executive and legislative authority to enable them to take adequate decisions and work together with citizens in ways that will increase their participation leading to enhanced transparency and accountability and effective regional development policy.
Following the findings, a set of recommendations are provided to improve the role of Riyadh Regional Council in enhancing public participation in regional development. This thesis closes with suggestions and directions for future research with regard to the potential contribution to the public sector management literature. The findings of this research provide benefits for policy makers to correct, maintain, and eliminate any obstacles facing administrative policies and consequently provide a long-term strategy that could incrementally be implemented in stages throughout time. The research methods, ideas and insights developed here could also be adapted and applied to other nations facing similar issues.
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Henderson, Dylan. "Interactive learning and regional development : new departures in regional policy in Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364470.
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Nare, Boitumelo. "Accelerating regional trade integration in Africa through regional value chains: A SADC perspective." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32934.
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Regional integration has been a key ambition, vision and standing agenda of the African continent for the past two decades. The recent signing of the Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) (signed by 54 of the 55 members of the African Union as of July 2019) brings to the fore the urgent need to accelerate the implementation of what has been thus far an elongated period of planning and discussion. One of the key mandates of the AfCFTA is to ensure acceleration of intra-African trade and boost Africa's trading position in the global market by strengthening Africa's common voice and policy space in global trade negotiations (African Union, 2018). Intra-regional trade can be considered as a quick avenue for the continent and its respective Regional Economic Communities (RECs) such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC), to implement this agenda by leveraging collective resources and opportunities such as increased focus on the establishment of regional value chains (RVCs). Currently, the SADC region has been at the forefront of driving regional trade integration (RTI) in the continent; however, intra-regional trade is still only but a fraction of the RECs total global trade, averaging 5-7% of total trade in 2015-2017. Because of the myriad of challenges in the region – including but not limited to the low rate of RTI, poor infrastructure, poor institutions, unstable political environments, and slow economic growth – RECs, let alone the continent as a whole, cannot take part in and capitalise on the opportunities from complex trade networks through global and regional value chains. Moreover, when African countries do participate in global value chains, they find themselves at the lower end of the value chain where it is harder to reap the benefits due to the unequal distributional effects of such trade activities. This study therefore examined the key factors that drive RTI, and sought to ascertain the relationship between regional value chains and regional trade integration. Lastly, the study aimed to uncover the contribution to economic growth of such trade activities. Thirteen SADC countries are observed over the period 2000-2017 using panel data analysis and various key estimation techniques to ensure robustness of the models used. The study finds that there are definitely key factors that drive regional trade integration in the REC that require increased focus from policy makers and trade activity participants as they have the potential to change the trajectory of the region and the continent's trade landscape. The study also indisputably finds a two-way relationship between RTI and RVCs, suggesting that if key aspects of these activities are addressed, this would lead to a mutual increase in iv these factors as they are highly complementary activities. Lastly, the study confirms the positive impact that RTI and RVCs would have on economic growth attributed to an increase in the level of productive economic trade activity thereby contributing to the gross domestic product (GDP) of countries as individuals and as a collective. The study therefore concludes that there should be more focus from policy makers and all key trade activity stakeholders on driving regional trade integration and participation in regional value chains as the benefits could prove highly rewarding to the SADC RECs and the continent as a whole. Such increased focus will ensure that the region is fully capitalising on the unique strengths of the African continent and driving collective growth and development.
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Becker, David A. "Manitoba's regional development corporations : lessons for locally-based rural development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31228.
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Over the last century the Prairie region has undergone a transition from predominantly rural to predominantly urban settlement. By the early 1900s emphasis began to shift from rural-based primary activities to urban-based industrial activity. One product of this transition was the marginalization of rural communities.
An examination of literature pertinent to Canadian development policy reveals no single solution to rural decline. Instead there are numerous theories and recommendations which communities can adopt. One such strategy has been locally-based development. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to knowledge concerning what locally-based organizations can do to mitigate the impact of decline in rural communities. As a case study, Manitoba's Regional Development Corporations (RDCs) are analyzed within the context of the provincial government's overall approach for rural development in order to investigate their effectiveness in contributing to locally-based rural development. This effectiveness is measured in goals, strategies and processes of an RDC as they changed over three periods: (1) 1963/73, (2)1973/83, (3) 1983/90. In each period the following questions were asked:
1. What priorities or objectives were emphasized in provincial development policy?
2. What strategies were used by the province and RDCs to achieve rural development?
3. What role was established for locally-based participation?
Throughout the three study periods the province's regional policies remained based on laissez-faire economic principles, while the RDC approach was oriented to regional-national integration (i.e., merging of regional economic activity with national and international markets). The conclusion is that RDCs affected rural development by enhancing the abilities of local businesses participating in the provincial marketplace.
RDCs have concentrated on supporting a process for adapting to rural transition, rather than reversing forces impinging on rural communities. Lessons extended from the RDC study suggest that if efforts to enhance a rural area's competitive position in national or international markets become the principal objective for local development, the unique qualities associated with rural life may be difficult to maintain.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Linneker, Brian. "Road transport infrastructure and regional economic development : the regional economic development effects of the M25 London orbital motorway." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389662.
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Risen, Jeremy D. "Indianapolis department store architecture : the national and local development of the department store building type." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1178347.
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The department store retailing concept grew out of the nineteenth century dry goods retail trade. Dry goods stores were usually housed in a group of nineteenth century commercial buildings. As the United States became more prosperous during the late nineteenth century, dry goods establishments outgrew their buildings and developed a new department store building type. The "second generation" store design was generally tripartite: large ground floor display windows, intermediate stories with regular banks of windows, and decorative upper one or two stories capped with an elaborate cornice. These flagship buildings were expanded and remodeled until the 1950s, when the focus of department store retailing shifted to the suburban branch stores. The branch stores anchored shopping centers in the 1950s and 1960s and enclosed shopping malls thereafter.Department of Architecture
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Moutsinas, Eleftherios. "Nightlife and Regional Development : Evidence from Greece." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15973.
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Post-industrial economic restructuring in developed countries has downgraded the role of blue-collar labour in regional growth, giving way, conversely, to occupations that demand high concentrations of human capital. Human capital has been documented to positively affect regional growth and income, signifying an urban planning shift towards amenities provision, as a human capital attraction tool. An emerging, highly-valued amenity in the post-industrial society is nightlife. Following Florida’s reasoning on the rising salience of the creative class, this paper investigates the hypothesis that nightlife attracts high human capital or skilled individuals. It focuses on the paradigm of Greece, using data acquired by the Greek statistics agency and, to a lesser extent, the Greek yellow pages. It employs two measures, the human capital one –calculated as the percentage of the population holding a bachelor degree and above- and an approximation of Florida’s creative class measure –occupational categorization according to job complexity. Bivariate correlations are applied to account for human capital attracting factors and structural equation modelling to assess nightlife’s impact on the two measures and respectively, on regional growth.
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Cicek, Huseyin. "Critical Evaluation Of Endogenous Regional Development Theories." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615764/index.pdf.
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Regional development discourses and theories have significantly changed since the born of
regional science. Focus of regional development theories has shifted from industrialization
efforts via large-scale enterprises and transfer of central government funds to disadvantaged
regions to endogenous capabilities and potentials of innovation and knowledge creation.
Endogenous factors and self-development capabilities are highly emphasized by recent
development literature. Changes in the regional development discourses also affected
regional policies, policy tools and actorsendogenous factors and self-development discourses became dominant in regional development policies and implementations. However, source of regional development for less developed regions that do not have endogenous potentials and self-development capability have not clearly defined and have not empirically tested. The thesis attempted to empirically define regional growth factors and the usefulness of theoretical frameworks. In the thesis, econometric model of Turkey is used for the empirical study. The theoretical framework discussed in the thesis is both economic theories and regional development models. The study shows that all theoretical models offer only partial explanations of regional growth. While study shows that factors emphasized by traditional theories support regional growth, the study has no evidence supporting that soft factors emphasized by recent theories support regional growth. The main findings of this study contribute to theoretical and empirical field by reintroducing role of government and interventions. Factors highlighted by recent regional development theories are not sufficient for explaining growth, since the regional policies at the national level continue to be important therefore factors emphasized by traditional theories still have significant contributions to growth.
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Berthelon, Matias. "Essays on regional integration and development economics." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/38.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Fernandez, Roberton Duran. "Regional Development and transport infrastructure in Mexico." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503985.
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While, Aidan. "Regional partnerships and economic development in England." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366291.
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Ahn, Seung B. "Methodology for evaluating transportation-induced regional development." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-144948/.
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Fischer, Manfred M., and Peter Nijkamp. "The Nexus of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6362/1/2018%2D06%2D17__Fischer_Nijkamp_Entrepreneurship%2DWord3574_1.pdf.
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This chapter offers a review on modern entrepreneurship analysis, against the background of regional development. Regions with an entrepreneurial culture tend to be forerunners in a competitive economic process. After a conceptual discussion on the importance and the measurement of entrepreneurship, the contribution discusses critical success factors and key determinants of entrepreneurship. Next, much focus is laid on the geography of entrepreneurship as well as on industrial agglomeration, while also due attention is paid to the relevance of networks for modern entrepreneurship. The chapter concludes with some retrospective and prospective remarks.Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
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Hrubý, Martin. "ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390247.
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Energy Management strategy for sustainable regional development has been selected as the topic of my research due to the fact that energy demand alongside with energy dependency have been continuously growing from a long term perspective. Sustainable development is defined by three imperatives – energy efficiency, ecology and security. Review of the current state and analysis of historical trends in Energetics at global and regional level are covered in this research. Results of the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis introduce a set of implications and recommendations for Energy Management strategy in the Czech Republic.
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Dunne, Janeen Mary. "Towards a regional development strategy for Namaqualand." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15857.
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Bibliography: leaves 269-279.Initiated by the Second Carnegie Conference on Poverty in South Africa, this study analyses the causes and extent of underdevelopment and poverty in Namaqualand and outlines a possible approach to redress these problems. Namaqualand is shown to be a sparsely populated area, the physical characteristics of which are both a fundamental cause of underdevelopment and a constraint on future development. It is argued that competition for land and other resources is an important cause of poverty in the region. The processes by which the indigenous population was forced into uninhabitable areas, and mission stations were established to reserve land for local people, are traced. The contradictory role of missionaries is analysed as well as Government and other's efforts to coerce the region's inhabitants into wage labour. Relevant literature is reviewed to elucidate underdevelopment and the scope for future development. The conclusion drawn is that no body of theory adequately explains Namaqualand's underdevelopment or offers workable solutions. An eclectic approach is adopted. The present socio-economic characteristics of the population and the state of development in the major economic sectors are described. It is evident that there is little economic diversification. Namaqualand's inhabitants depend heavily on economic activities vulnerable to marked fluctuations. Employment opportunities are limited. Living standards are constrained by poor education, physical and social mobility. Current development projects and strategies are listed and analyzed. Initiatives taken by various development agents are found to have been retarded by the constraints already mentioned. It is concluded that they lack co-ordination and do not form part of a clearly formulated development strategy. A development proposal encompassing distinct strategies is presented. These are: (i) to enhance economic mobility (ii) to improve the quality of life (iii) to exploit development potential. The ways in which these strategies complement one another are outlined, and government's role emphasized. It is argued that efforts should be concentrated on activities in which Namaqualand appears to have a comparative advantage. The need for applied research into appropriate projects and techniques is stressed as is community involvement in all phases. Close co-operation between development agents is essential. Finally in an addendum some constraints and parallels between Namaqualand and some smaller black homelands in South Africa are drawn. Statutory influx control has not determined Namaqualand's low population mobility. Emigration is possible and should constitute a vital element of any development strategy for the region. The effect on the rest of South Africa would be negligible compared to the black homeland's surplus population. At the same time the need for local government initiatives and for the transfer of public resources into such regions is stressed.
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Jessop, Joanne Elizabeth. "Regional development in the new global economy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25424.
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This thesis is about regional development in the new global economy. Changes in the world economy, notably the trend toward multinational big business and an international division of labour, are affecting, in various ways and in varying degrees, those people and places that are part of this interdependent system. Nevertheless, one constant theme is becoming discernable: the operating rules of global capitalism are antagonistic to attempts by regions to develop a self-sustaining, self-reliant economy. The resulting crisis of development is an aspect of the new economic order that mainstream development paradigms of industrial society are ill-equipped to explain, let alone resolve.
In an effort to come to grips with this crisis of development there has been a growing interest in the possibility of social and economic reconstruction at the regional and community level. This bottom-up approach, referred to here as Communal Cooperation, is being advocated as a more socially responsive and economically viable alternative to the dependence and underdevelopment
that follow in the wake of functional integration into the international network of economic relations. However, as this thesis argues, Communal Cooperative strategies of self-management must be complemented with the kind of overall management and coordination that has become necessary in today's interdependent economy. The purpose of this thesis is to translate these general principles into practical terms by presenting a development strategy for the province of British Columbia.
British Columbia is a resource economy, exporting its raw materials to the industrial centres of the world and, given the dynamics of economic globalism, there is little opportunity to break out of this mold and develop a self-sustaining, diversified economic base. The development options outlined in this thesis are designed to counteract this trend and ensure that international trade serves regional and community interests.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate