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Journal articles on the topic 'Department of Forensic Science'
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Chesnokova, Elena V. "DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC ACTIVITY IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE SYNTHESIS OF SCIENCE AND FORENSIC PRACTICES AND EDUCATION." RUDN Journal of Law 24, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2020-24-1-193-202.
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The features of the joint educational project of RUDN and RFCFS on preparation of masters on the program “Forensic activity in law enforcement” are illustrated. Among them is the direct connection of the teaching staff of the Department “Forensic activity” of the law Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, represented by employees of the RFCFS, with practical expert activities. The role of the joint council for the protection of scientific degrees of doctor and candidate of Sciences in the specialty 12.00.12 - criminalistics, forensic activity, operational-search activity created on the basis of the RUDN and RFCFS is considered. It represents the final link in the system of training of higher education personnel in the field of forensic activity. The main forms of international activities of the Department, which include the study and exchange of experience in the framework of relations between the CIS member States, the Shanghai cooperation organization (SCO), the European Union (EU), are considered. Presented the prospects of its development in preparation for placement as a mandatory discipline “the Theory of judicial examination” in the educational process of bachelors and the creation of transferable teaching materials on forensics and criminology that contains integrated knowledge about the history of the development of the modern state of science in Russia and abroad to attract foreign students.
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Spiridonov, V. A. "MEDICO-LEGAL EXPERTS OF THE INVESTIGATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THE BEGINNING OF THE BIG WAY." Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine 5, no. 4 (January 19, 2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19048/2411-8729-2019-5-4-44-47.
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The initial stage of the work organization and carrying out of medico-legal examinations in the system of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation is clarified. The prospects of activities of the medico-legal experts of the Investigative Committee in the light of the founding a separate expert institution are discussed.. As a result of the positive experience obtained from the work of the medico-legal experts of the Investigative Committee, the regional departments of the Investigative Committee were given the opportunity to introduce the positions of medico-legal experts. The department of medico-legal examinations was created in the department of organization of forensic science activities of the Main Department of Forensic Science (Forensic Center), the head of the department was appointed, and painstaking work was begun on selection of personnel and organization of the performing the medico-legal examinations.
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Maiorova, E. I. "R.S. Belkin and the Establishment of Forensic Biology and Forensic Ecology." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/64/1819-2785-2017-3-49-53.
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Professor R.S. Belkin's role in the development of criminology and forensic science is widely recognized. The theory he advanced to connect criminalistics and the natural sciences was of great importance for the establishment of new forensic disciplines. During his time as head of the department of forensic science theory Professor Belkin focused on newly emerging fields of forensic research and the development of their theoretical foundations. His vision was marked by a deep understanding that ecology is a subfield of biology, but forensic ecology is not part of forensic biology. It is largely due to his talent to anticipate the emergence of new trends in response to the needs of investigative practice that these forensic disciplines were established and continue to develop.
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Bell, Suzanne, Sunita Sah, Thomas D. Albright, S. James Gates, M. Bonner Denton, and Arturo Casadevall. "A call for more science in forensic science." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 18 (April 12, 2018): 4541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712161115.
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Forensic science is critical to the administration of justice. The discipline of forensic science is remarkably complex and includes methodologies ranging from DNA analysis to chemical composition to pattern recognition. Many forensic practices developed under the auspices of law enforcement and were vetted primarily by the legal system rather than being subjected to scientific scrutiny and empirical testing. Beginning in the 1990s, exonerations based on DNA-related methods revealed problems with some forensic disciplines, leading to calls for major reforms. This process generated a National Academy of Science report in 2009 that was highly critical of many forensic practices and eventually led to the establishment of the National Commission for Forensic Science (NCFS) in 2013. The NCFS was a deliberative body that catalyzed communication between nonforensic scientists, forensic scientists, and other stakeholders in the legal community. In 2017, despite continuing problems with forensic science, the Department of Justice terminated the NCFS. Just when forensic science needs the most support, it is getting the least. We urge the larger scientific community to come to the aid of our forensic colleagues by advocating for urgently needed research, testing, and financial support.
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Dhanaraj, Chellaian Justin. "CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ENDOSULPHAN." Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 2, no. 1 (March 10, 2016): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2016.213.
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Endosulfan is an easily available insecticide and mainly used for agricultural purposes. Hence most of the villagers use endosulfan for committing suicide. The recent cases reported in toxicological laboratories show that suicide with endosulfan is increasing in these days. Endosulfan causes most degree of death because of its toxic effects. The toxicology division of forensic science laboratory plays vital role in analysis of poisons through Criminal Justice System. In every death case which is connected to the criminal justice system, the human viscera of deceased are sent to forensic sciences department for analysis.In a case report, the toxicology division received human viscera of a deceased from the forensic medicine department where a person was declared death after consuming endosulfan due to severe stomach pain. It was brought to toxicology division of forensic science laboratory where the type of poison was identified and estimated. Two methods such as thin layer chromatography and UV Visible spectrophotometry were adopted to analyse the human viscera. The forensic analysis includes solvent extraction, identification and estimation.
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Chacon, Mauricio. "The Change Management in the Forensic Science Department of Costa Rica." Forensic Science International: Synergy 1 (August 2019): S5—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.06.019.
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Albright, Thomas D. "The US Department of Justice stumbles on visual perception." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 24 (May 24, 2021): e2102702118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102702118.
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A large and highly valuable category of forensic evidence consists of patterned impressions created during the perpetration of a crime. These crime scene artifacts, such as fingerprints or tire tracks, offer visual sensory information that is assessed by trained human observers and compared to sensory experiences elicited by model patterns that would have been produced under a hypothesized set of conditions. By means of this “forensic feature comparison,” the observer makes a judgment about whether the evidence and the model are sufficiently similar to support common origin. In light of documented failures of this approach, significant concerns have been raised about its scientific validity. In response to these concerns, the US Department of Justice has made assertions about how forensic examiners perform feature comparison tasks that are not consistent with modern scientific understanding of the processes of sensation and perception. Clarification of these processes highlights new ways of thinking about and improving the accuracy of forensic feature comparison and underscores the vital role of science in achieving justice.
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Smirnova, S. A., and V. Ya Koldin. "Forensic Technologies: Contemporary State and Perspectives." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, no. 4 (January 8, 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764//1819-2785-2019-14-4-137-144.
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Professors’ Valentin Yakovlevich Koldin (Chair of Forensic Science of Law Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University) and Svetlana Arkad’evna Smirnova (Director of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice) exchange of opinions is given. The interlocutors address the problems of the present state of forensic expertise in our country, of scientific legal community’s special attention to forensic expertise, development of a coherent state scientific and practical system in this field. The most promising forms of relationship between investigative, judicial and expert technologies of ensuring justice are discussed. Examples illustrating the need to introduce the innovative regulatory mechanisms for forensic expert activity are provided.
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Toropova, M. V. "Organization of Continuing Professional Training of Employees in the System of Forensic Science Organizations of the Russian Ministry of Justice." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2017-12-1-15-21.
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The paper outlines the organizational framework of forensic expert training in the system of forensic science organizations of the Russian Ministry of Justice, developed and implemented by the Educational Methodology Department of the RFCFS of the Russian Ministry of Justice. Problematic organizational and methodological issues of the training process are highlighted, and possible solutions are examined.
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Galyashina, E. I. "The Significance of Professor Elena Rossinskaya’s Scientific School of Forensic Expertology for the Development of Forensic Science (in Celebration of the Scientist’s Milestone Birthday)." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-3-112-119.
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The article is devoted to the contribution review of forensic expertology scientific school created at the Department of Forensic Expertise of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) under the leadership of professor E.R. Rossinskaya to the improvement of quality and efficiency of forensic activities. A brief biographical note is given which reflects the main milestones of the formation of the famous scientist and teacher, leader of the national forensic science and forensic expertise. The author concludes that the national scientific school of forensic expertology has received international recognition and world sounding largely due to the personal qualities of its leader – professor E.R. Rossinskaya, who is celebrating her milestone birthday this year.
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Zubańska, Magdalena, and Sławomir Zubański. "Demand for scientific methods of detecting crimes and criminals, i.e. the beginnings of forensic science in the structures of the Polish State Police." Internal Security Special Issue (June 4, 2019): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2172.
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The history of forensic science (from Latin criminalis, concerning a crime) is inextricably linked to the history of law enforcement agencies. This science grew out of the needs of the law and serves its implementation to this day. Its interest is focused on the crime in concreto. As an independent scientific discipline, it developed only at the end of the 19th century and was connected with the date of publication of the work Handbuch fur Untersuchungsrichter, Polizeibeamte, Gendarmen u.s.w. by the Austrian investigating judge H. Gross in 1893. Its author noticed the correctness (very accurate) that every achievement in the field of natural sciences and technical sciences can serve the purpose of combating crime. W. Sobolewski is considered a precursor of Polish forensic science. In September 1919 he joined the State Police and started working as an inspection officer. Then he became the commander of the Main Police School and Officer School in Warsaw. In 1929 he was sent to Vienna for a forensic course. Then W. Sobolewski headed the Police Laboratory at the Headquarters of the Investigation Service in Warsaw, and since 1931 the Department of Investigation Technology, in which, at the request of the court, police authorities and military institutions, forensic expert opinions were carried out, including dactyloscopic, weapons and handwriting. They were of great evidential importance for the courts. It continues to be so today. Beginning in the interwar period, the Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police is a research institute recognized in Poland and abroad, which carries out tasks in the field of technical and criminal protection of the process of preventing and combating crime, among others, by performing research and implementation, comparative and expert work in the field of forensic science.
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Goc, Mieczysław, and Marek Miron. "Examination of the relative age of documents. Part I Methods of examing the sequence of writing made using different techniques on a paper substrate - general issues." Issues of Forensic Science 284 (2014): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2014.284.1.
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Determining the chronology of writing is essential in cases of suspected document forgery by addition, adding to the content of a finished document, backdating, and also in the case of the use of documents signed in blank, and is one of the most difficult problems in the forensic document examination. The results obtained so far, using a variety of examination methods, do not allow for unambiguous decisions. This applies both to simple microscopic methods, diffusion techniques and methods using morę advanced technologies (such as Raman spectroscopy, electrostatic examination, scanning and confocal microscopy). The research problem is referred to in the literaturę and forensics as the determination of document “relative age”. The article is an introduction to a series of publications presenting the results ofthe research carried out within the framework of a development project, a joint venture of the Department of Forensic Science, the University of Warsaw (UW) and the Polish Forensic Association (PTK). The aim of the project was to develop methods for testing the relative age ofthe writing madę by various techniques on a paper substrate, including non-intersecting.
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Ullah, Farhat, Mohammed Shafiq, and Asif Mahmood. "An Evaluation of Role of Police Forensic Science Laboratories in Countering Terrorism in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol2.iss2.44.
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Forensic Science is a powerful tool to counter terrorism both in pre-incidence deterrence as well post-incident deterrence. The present study explores out the effectiveness of police Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) along with the significance and its role to counter terrorism in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Pakistan. Data were taken by using a Structured questionnaire from 217 respondents, including 99 legal practitioners (lawyers dealing criminal cases), 54 journalists (crime reporters from the different newspapers), and 64 police personnel (from the various ranks working in police department). A stratified proportionate random sampling technique as employed to find out the sample size for each stratum while a systematic sampling method was applied to select the respondents from the three chosen sample groups. A Chi-square and Gamma tests were employed to find out the relationship between independent and dependent variable. It was found that the forensic science laboratory has a significant relationship with countering terrorism including DNA tests, crime scene photography; and fingerprints are highly effective in criminal investigation. It was concluded from the study that capacities of forensic science laboratory needed to be enhanced to counter terrorism more efficiently. The study suggests that enhancing expertise in FSL on modern scientific grounds as framed to enhance the effectiveness of the use of facilities of FSL.
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Sarki, Zakariyya M., and Geshina Ayu Mat Saat. "Exploring the perception of forensic science among police investigators in Nigeria: The role of sociodemographic markers." International Journal of Police Science & Management 23, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14613557211019761.
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Underlining the application of forensic science methods in police investigations is investigators’ perceptions of the methods. The premise is that a positive perception indicates a willingness to apply forensic science in criminal investigations, regardless of prior forensic training. This study compared common sociodemographic markers with regard to perceptions of forensic science application in criminal investigations among investigating police officers in Nigeria, controlling for forensic training. The six sociodemographic markers were: gender, age, marital status, highest educational qualification, rank, and years in service. The survey used a self-administered questionnaire for data collection. Based on a total population of 3771 investigating police officers, a sample size of 347 was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s formula ( Krejcie RV and Morgan DW (1970) Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement 30(3): 607–610). A potential 20% dropout rate was added giving a sample size of 416. No difference was found across the sociodemographic markers with regards to the perception of forensic science utilization in criminal investigations ( p > .05), except for the highest educational qualification ( p = .008) and rank ( p = .042) of the respondents. The perception score was higher in the primary school category than in the secondary school and diploma certificate categories. Comparison between the categories secondary certificate and degree/HND certificate indicated a statistically significant lower perception score in the secondary certificate category. The perception score was lower in the diploma category than in the degree/HND certificate and postgraduate categories. For police rank, pairwise comparison showed that the officer category had a higher perception score than the constable category. There was also a statistically significant higher perception of forensic science among inspectors than among constables. It is recommended that educational qualification and rank should be considered when deploying police personnel to the criminal investigation department.
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Kozdrój-Miller, Karolina, and Krzysztof Klemczak. ""Mapping of friction skin ridges impessions" (part I) - genesis." Issues of Forensic Science 306 (2019): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2019.306.1.
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Since the publication of the National Research Council Report titled: Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward for the United States Department of Justice, there has been an international discussion on scientific character of fingerprint examination, and Poland has not been excluded from it. The approaches to fingerprint identification in the United States of America and Poland are completely different. In the first case, the holistic standard is used basing exclusively on the experience and conviction of the expert, and in the other one, numerical standard precisely determining the minimum number of consistent individual characteristics (minutiae) required for identification. Both standards have both advantages and significant drawbacks. A good way out of this situation would be finding a solution combing the holistic and numerical approaches and the project “Mapping of friction skin ridges impressions” implemented by the forensic experts of Fingerprint Examination Department in the Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police makes constitutes contribution to that.
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Simakova-Efremіan, E. B., L. M. Derecha, and V. V. Myasoedov. "ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF COOPERATION WITH ORGANIZATION OF FOREIGN STATES IN THE SPHERE OF FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITY." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 18 (December 26, 2018): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2018.19.
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The article shows the role of international cooperation in the field of forensic expert activity. On development of forensic expert institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the expansion of the possibilities for forensic examinations have a positive effect their activity in the implementation of international contacts: the organization of joint international scientific and practical conferences, seminars, internship of specialists with the purpose of sharing work experience, training of forensic experts, familiarization with the organization of activities and advanced methods of conducting forensic examinations and expert studies, allows a specialist there constantly to be aware of the latest achievements of science and to use the experience of their colleagues from other countries. Currently, work is underway to conduct joint scientific developments, training of highly qualified scientific personnel, but this is not specified in Art. 24 of the Law about forensic science, and therefore we propose this article be amended as follows: "State specialized institutions that perform forensic examinations are entitled establish international scientific ties with the institutions of forensic science, criminalistics and so on other states for the purpose of joint research and development, exchange of scientific and methodological information and printed publications, use of common international information funds, data banks, training, retraining and advanced training of forensic experts, international conferences, symposia, seminars, joint publications in forensic science and criminalistics, training of highly qualified scientific personnel". In connection with the further development of international cooperation, it is desirable in the staffing of forensic institutions to provide for such a structural unit as the International Relations Department. In 2018, KhRIFE obtained the Accreditation Certificate for compliance with the requirements of the international standard ISO/IEC 17025. The collection of scientific proceedings "Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics" is included in the international scientometric database Index Copernicus. The development of international cooperation in the field of forensic science will contribute to enhancing the scientific and methodological potential of forensic expert institutions, developing new directions and types of forensic expert activity, and increasing the effectiveness of the fight against crime.
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Smirnova, Svetlana A., and Aleksandr I. Usov. "Forensic Expertise as a Basic Mechanism for Enforcing the Rule of Law in SCO Member States." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 13, no. 2 (July 11, 2018): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2018-13-2-6-15.
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The platform of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has become one of the priority formats of modern international cooperation in the field of forensic science. This is due to the role of forensic expertise in the detection and investigation of crimes of terrorism, separatism and extremism, as well as in other areas that require the application of specialized knowledge. The stepping up of cooperation between forensic science organizations has been taking place in response to the decision of the Meeting of the Ministers of Justice of SCO member states to establish an expert working group on forensic practices. The plan is to implement a whole range of measures within the functional framework of the group to consolidate the capabilities of forensic science in SCO member states, as a way of improving the quality of forensic services and reducing turnaround times. As part of an ongoing effort to harmonize methodological approaches to the tasks facing the working group, the article analyzes the legislation of a number of states participating in SCO activities. The issues of retraining and professional development of experts, as well as the training of research personnel constitute a separate area of cooperation. It is proposed to consider the Forensic Science Department of the Law Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia as an organizational and technical platform for educational cooperation among member states, observer states, and SCO dialogue partners on the issues of in-service professional development of forensic personnel.
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Fisher, M. Patricia. "Interview with Bryan Found, Bsc DipEd GradDipNeuroSci PhD - A Discussion of Issues Around Human Factors and Bias in Forensic Handwriting Examinations:." Journal of Forensic Document Examination 25 (December 31, 2015): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31974/jfde25-5-16.
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Since the late 1980s, Dr. Bryan Found, the Chief Forensic Scientist at the Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department in Australia, has accomplished more than any other researcher in the world to develop the science of handwriting identification. He has been an unrelenting advocate for not permitting biasing or context irrelevant information to enter into forensic handwriting examinations. Since the late 1980s, Dr. Found has been invited to over 20 countries to present workshops on the science of handwriting individualization and on human factors. Most recently he was invited to be a speaker for a plenary session at the International Symposium on Forensic Science Error Management sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in July 2015. He, along with his colleagues, have published over 40 peer- reviewed forensic scientific journal articles (including the Journal of Forensic Document Examination (JFDE)), 44 conference abstracts, and three invited book and encyclopaedia chapters. Dr. Found is currently the Chief Forensic Scientist for one of the world’s largest multi-disciplinary laboratories where he continues to see that laboratory develops and maintains the highest standards for forensic laboratories. These standards include educating practitioners, staff members, investigators, and attorneys about cognitive factors that include the potential impact of exposing practitioners to domain irrelevant context information. JFDE Editor interviewed Dr. Found to learn the importance of understanding how cognitive factors come into play in handwriting examinations and what procedures forensic handwriting examiners can consider to reduce the potential for bias and human errors.
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Olkhov, V. "ESTABLISHMENT OF CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMPROPER ARRANGEMENT OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT FACILITIES AND TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS OCCURRENCE." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 21, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_30.
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The daunting issues arising at experts and forensic bodies when appointing and conducting comprehensive road and pavement forensic investigation and road accident analysis (forensic expert examination) are considered. Types of traffic accidents provided by the statistics of the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine are analyzed. A number of road accidents with victims committed in conditions of the road and settlements streets unsatisfactory state is defined.
More and more judicial and investigative bodies turn to forensic science institutes, in particular to KhRIFE, in order to determine whether the improper design of the road network affected the occurrence of an accident. In other words, the questions not only on the establishment of improper design of the road section where the accident occurred, but also on the existence of cause and effect relationship between the identified discrepancies and the accident are advanced for examination. The study of the above issues belongs to the forensic specialty 10.16 Road and Pavement Forensic Investigation. The demand for forensic research of improper design of the road network and the causes of accidents are constantly growing. At the same time, the practice of conducting road and pavement forensic investigation, namely the analysis of the materials provided for the study, shows that most criminal proceedings are investigated both while pre-trial investigation and in court for violation of traffic safety rules or transport operation by persons who drive vehicles. In the statistical report of the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine, the data of road accidents are not classified as those that arose due to improper condition of roads and streets of settlements, and when conducting road and pavement forensic investigation it is established that improper design of the road network is in cause and effect relationship with the occurrence of an accident from a technical point of view.
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Peikstenytê, D., and D. Vasiliauskienê. "INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS AND VERBAL STATEMENT OF COMBINED FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN CIGARETTE SMUGGLING CASE." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 17 (November 29, 2017): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2017.32.
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The scale of smuggling of tobacco products in Lithuania is reviewed. The possibilities of assistance of experts from the Forensic Science Center of Lithuania in investigation of cigarette smuggling case are described. The verbal scale of results evaluation used in Department of Examination of Materials and Other Objects is discussed, on the basis of which the conclusion about the categorical contact of the objects is made.
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Kohutych, I. "SOME CHALLENGES OF FORENSIC SCIENCE AND THE METHODS OF ITS FORMATION." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.01.
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The article analyses the problem of framing the place of forensic science in the structure of higher legal education as well as the factors that negatively affect its development, didactic and practical demand. The reasons often indifferent and, in some cases, nihilistic attitudes towards forensic science, its actual manifestations and the probability of at least some localization are given. It is particularly stated that in scientific societies, especially in the constitutional-civil direction, forensic science is perceived in an unjustifiably simplified form. It is a consequence of the dissemination of misinterpreted European approaches to determining the place of forensic science in the system of local law and education; misunderstanding of its role in legal education in general and in law enforcement in particular. It is noticed that some representatives of forensic science act not always adequate, promoting its study in the educational institutions of the system of the Ministry of education and science in a shortened variant. Accordingly, to prepare graduates “…lawyers-general practitioners majoring in “Science of Law” only. They claim that complete knowledge of forensic science is necessary for graduates of departmental higher education institutions only. Obviously, it is unacceptable since it breaks the integrity of forensic science, its traditions, self-sufficiency, and commitment in the preparation of applicants for the legal profession in all areas. Other considerations in the same context are provided and the visions of actions that could foreclose forensic science a secure and demanding future are discussed. At any rate, to make subject component of forensic science’ indifference and nihilism impossible; to prepare appropriate educational materials for teaching forensic science; the authors of research should avoid artificial innovations in their studies, which will awake years of debate and degrade the doctrine of science. Within the framework of the implementation of the dispersed approach to the unification of cognitive capabilities, and therefore to the objectively substantive interests of forensic science – methodologically adequately adjust its definition. To expand the scope of use of forensic science knowledge in a system of science or, leastways, in a system of academic discipline of forensic science – forecast and develop a separate section like “Forensic science out of criminal jurisdictions”.
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Tse, Rexson. "Fentanyl-related deaths: A 5-year retrospective study (2010–2014, 81 cases) in the department of forensic medicine, Newcastle, Forensic and Analytical Science Service." Pathology 48 (February 2016): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.054.
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Dogra, T. D., Antoon A. Leenaars, R. K. Chadha, Mehta Manju, Sanjeev Lalwani, Mamta Sood, David Lester, Anupuma Raina, and C. Behera. "A Psychological Profile of a Serial Killer: A Case Report." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 65, no. 4 (December 2012): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.65.4.d.
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Serial killers have always fascinated society. A serial killer is typically defined as a perpetrator who murders three or more people over a period of time. Most reported cases of serial killers come from the United States and Canada. In India, there are few reported cases. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first Indian case in the literature. The present case is of a 28-year-old man, Surinder Koli. The Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delphi handled the forensic study. We present a most unique psychological investigation into the mind of a serial killer.
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Ansari, Asma Saher, Amynah Tariq Shaikh, Syed Jaffar Abbas Zaidi, Zairah Muqaddas Ansari, and Shakeel Kazmi. "PERMANENT MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLARS." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 11 (November 10, 2018): 1747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4751.
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Objectives: Tooth morphology plays an important role in dental anthropology& forensic odontology. This study was conducted to determine the frequencies of variationsin occlusal surface patterns in permanent mandibular second molars in a subset of Pakistanipopulation. Data Source: 500 medical and dental students of Dow University of Health Sciencesand healthy volunteers visiting the dental OPD with age range from 17 to 25 years. Design ofStudy: Cross-sectional analytical Study. Setting: Department of Oral Biology, Dr. IshratulIbadKhan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences. Period: May 2017till August 2017. Materials & Methods: This analytical study was conducted in the departmentof Oral Biology at Dr Ishratul Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Science. Five hundred dentalcasts after interoral exam and impression taking were studied for the variations in the frequencyof of cusps and their relative groove and fissure pattern. Statistical analysis was performed byDescriptive analysis and Chi Square. Results: Out of the fivbe hundred casts that were analysed,51% were of males and 49% were of females. The four-cusped variety of mandibular molars withpresence of distal fovea and distal marginal ridge was the most frequent (95.4%) while the mostprevalent occlusal groove form was “+” shape (88.4%). Frequently present occlusal patternwas the “+4” form (85.4%). Conclusion: The occlusal configurations of mandibular molarsshowed high degree of variability. The most frequently occurring pattern of occlusal surface ofmandibular second molars in this subset of Pakistani population was determined to be “+4”form. These findings can be used for forensic, teaching & clinical purposes by providing aPakistani database for morphological characteristic of mandibular molars.
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Gao, Zu-hua, Edith Zorychta, Jason Karamchandani, René P. Michel, Fadi Brimo, Carlos Telleria, Sophie Camilleri-Broët, Manon Auger, Van-Hung Nguyen, and Alan Spatz. "Revitalising an academic pathology department: lessons learnt." Journal of Clinical Pathology 72, no. 3 (November 22, 2018): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205516.
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Pathology is a specialty that bridges basic medical science and clinical practice. In the era of personalised medicine, this specialty is facing unprecedented challenges. Some of these challenges are institution-specific, while many are shared worldwide at different magnitude. This review shares our team efforts in the past 5 years, 2012–2017, to revitalise a century-old academic pathology department in three aspects: administration, clinical service and academic development. The lessons learnt and insights gained from our experience may provide guidance to leaders in pathology or in other related specialties.
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Raso, Agostino, and Giulia Maestoso. "The analysis of a cold case. Crimes in Astigiano in the 90’s: serial killers or different authors?" Rivista di Psicopatologia Forense, Medicina Legale, Criminologia 22, no. 1-2-3 (December 27, 2017): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/psyco.2017.6.
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“Cold case” is an unsolved major crime (mainly homicide or abduction), which, after long time, can be re-examined by using modern technologies for their investigation. Unsolved homicides are typical examples of “cold case”. Many crime news’ cases (either recent or past) have undergone new examinations, with the support of forensic science. In some cases, these new activities have led to crimes’ solution. To face this new need, both “Carabinieri” and “Polizia di Stato” have established recently specific units as part of their own Criminal Investigation Department. ---------- Per “cold case”, si intendono i c.d. “casi freddi” o “piste fredde”, con riferimento ai delitti più gravi, irrisolti, che anche a distanza di numerosi anni possono essere oggetto di nuove indagini eseguite in particolare attraverso l’utilizzo delle moderne tecniche investigative. Tra questi rientrano per eccellenza gli omicidi rimasti senza colpevole. Numerosi sono i casi di cronaca più o meno recenti che, specie con il supporto delle scienze forensi, sono stati oggetto di nuove indagini, talvolta risolutive. Per far fronte a tale esigenza sia l’Arma dei Carabinieri che la Polizia di Stato hanno creato di recente specifici Reparti di investigazione, all’interno delle proprie strutture centrali di Polizia Giudiziaria. ---------- Para “casos fríos”, nos referimos a c.d. “Casos fríos” o “pendientes frías”, con referencia a los crímenes más graves, no resueltos, que incluso después de varios años pueden ser objeto de nuevas investigaciones llevadas a cabo, en particular, mediante el uso de técnicas modernas de investigación. Estos incluyen la excelencia para los homicidios que quedan impunes. Existen numerosos casos recientes o recientes que, especialmente con el apoyo de la ciencia forense, han estado sujetos a nuevas investigaciones, a veces resolutivas. Para satisfacer esta necesidad, tanto las Armas de Carabinieri como la Policía del Estado han creado recientemente Departamentos de Investigación específicos dentro de sus propias estructuras de Policía Judicial Central.
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Nikishin, V. D., and K. M. Bogatyrev. "Results of the Scientific and Practical Conference "Countering Information and Ideological Threats in the Internet Environment Using Special Knowledge"." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 6 (July 9, 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/19941471.2021.127.6.171-177.
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The paper provides a brief overview of the conference with international participation, held on December 3, 2020, "Countering Information and Ideological Threats in the Internet Environment Using Special Knowledge", jointly organized by the Department of Forensic Science of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), the Russian Federal Center for Forensic Science under the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation and the Center for Academic Development and Educational Innovation of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL). Due to the current sanitary and epidemiological situation, the conference was held in an online format using the Zoom platform, and this factor positively contributed to the quality of the discussion. During active discussions at the conference, general theoretical and applied problems of ensuring information and ideological security in the Internet environment were considered, including the problems of countering extremism, bullying, trolling, propaganda of suicide, prison culture, the cult of violence and cruelty, sexting, grooming, fake news, defamation, etc. Special attention was given to the forensic problems of using special knowledge in the study of malicious computer programs, counterfeit and undocumented information and computer products. The conference was held with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of research projects No. 20-011-00190, 18-29-16003.
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Menaker, Tasha A., Bradley A. Campbell, and William Wells. "The Use of Forensic Evidence in Sexual Assault Investigations." Violence Against Women 23, no. 4 (July 9, 2016): 399–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216641519.
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Despite the potential value of DNA evidence for criminal investigations and prosecution, we have a limited understanding of the way forensic evidence is used and its impact on case outcomes. This study uses qualitative data to describe the way investigators from the Houston Police Department use DNA evidence during investigations of sexual assaults. Results show DNA evidence has limited influence during investigations, and the value of DNA evidence is shaped by other evidentiary factors. The findings provide insight into the utility of DNA evidence, instances when DNA evidence is least and most useful, the importance of DNA evidence in comparison with other evidence, and the likely aggregate impact of DNA evidence across sexual assault cases.
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Pope, Jonathan. "Validation and Implementation of the Evofinder Automated Ballistic Identification System at the DC Department of Forensic Sciences." Forensic Science International: Synergy 1 (August 2019): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.06.035.
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Ryzhik, Andrey, and Alexander Bochkov. "Annotation of the Monographs “Technical and Forensic Support for the Crime Scene Investigation”, “Forensic Support for the Crime Scene Investigation”, “Features of Forensic Support for the Investigation of Business Crimes: Theoretical and Applied Aspects” by Tatyana F. Dmitrieva." Legal Concept, no. 1 (April 2021): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2021.1.24.
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Introduction: improving the efficiency of forensic support for investigative actions is of great importance not only for the investigation of crimes, but also for the fight against crime in general, which emphasizes the need to develop the fundamental areas of criminology in the field of improving the use of special knowledge, technical and tactical forensic tools, forensic technologies during the inspection of the crime scene examination and the evaluation and control activities of the actions performed, in this connection, the authors set the goal of studying the monographs by Tatyana F. Dmitrieva, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure of Vitebsk State University named after P. M. Masherov. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a combination of the general, general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition: dialectical-materialistic, logical, comparative, structural and functional analysis. Results: the author’s position grounded in the work is based on the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and the opinions of the competent scientific community on the presence of features, the elements of novelty, the theoretical and practical significance in the peer-reviewed monographic studies by T.F. Dmitrieva. Based on the analysis of the monographs “Technical and Forensic Support for the Crime Scene Investigation”, “Forensic Support for the Crime Scene Investigation”, “Features of Forensic Support for the Investigation of Business Crimes: Theoretical and Applied Aspects” the differentiation of the characteristic features of technical-forensic and forensic support for the crime scene examination and the investigation of business crimes is conducted. The questions of the importance of the research in certain areas and the uniqueness of the results of the peer-reviewed monographic studies are raised. Conclusions: the study revealed the role of the peer-reviewed monographs as important outcomes for the further development of forensic science and practice of forensic support for investigative actions and crime investigation. It is established that the peer-reviewed studies were carried out at a high scientific and theoretical level and represent a serious step in the development of these scientific areas. The author’s conclusions are consistent, logically justified, and the author’s suggestions and recommendations have practical significance, applicability, and can be used in doctrinal and practical developments.
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Wilson, Tim J., Michael W. Stockdale, Angela M. C. Gallop, and Bill Lawler. "Regularising the Regulator: The Government's Consultation about Placing the Forensic Science Regulator on a Statutory Footing." Journal of Criminal Law 78, no. 2 (April 2014): 136–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2014.78.2.905.
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This article comments on a recent Home Office consultation about making forensic regulation statutory and the government's response to the Law Commission's recommendations for reforming the admissibility of expert evidence in criminal trials. By suggesting a duty of ‘omissive disclosure’ we offer a possible solution to concerns expressed to parliamentary inquiries about the ‘fragmentation’ of forensic science evidence and how reform, including regulation, might bear on (and support) individual scientific and medico-legal experts, as well as organisations and methods. We welcome the regulation initiative, but suggest that government policy also needs to address interrelated and systemic problems that beset the production of scientific and medico-legal evidence. We argue that these problems stem from fragmented policy making between and within government departments, possibly a similar fragmentation in jurisdictional rule-making and, reflecting their economic influence, the degree of responsibility vested inadvertently in the police and the CPS. We also suggest that regulation is not an alternative to implementing the Law Commission's recommendations, which together with forensic regulation should not be confined to criminal courts.
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Khrystov, Oleksandr, and Vladyslav Lipynskyi. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITY: AN ADMINISTRATIVE, CRIMINAL, CRIMINALISTIC, ECONOMIC APPROACH." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-242-248.
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The article is devoted to the economic and legal comparative analysis of judicial expert activities. The issues concerning the problems of quality assurance of the expert activities, harmonization and convergence of the understanding of the possibilities of judicial economic expertise in solving problems of justice, taking into account economic conditions. As a first step to creating a general theoretical development for judicial economic expertise could be the creation of a list of vocabulary of basic terms of forensic economic expertise. The legislation of Ukraine, which regulates activities of forensic experts, is as follows: the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Examination”, “Instruction on Conducting Forensic Examination”, “Procedure for Certification and Official Registration of Forensic Examinations Procedure”, “Some Issues of Provision of Paid Services by Research Institutions on Forensic Examination of the Ministry of Justice”, “On Approval of the Instructions on Procedure and Amount of Reimbursement and Compensation to Individuals Invited by Inquiry Agencies, Pretrial Investigation Agencies, Procuracy, Courts or Authorities that Oversee Cases of Administrative Violations, and Payments to Governmental Research Institutions on Forensic Examination for Expert and Specialized Services Provided by their Employees” approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, and a set of multi-agency orders. The common features include the existence of department specialized forensic expert institutions, which are entrusted to conduct an examination as follows: specialized research institutes of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the Ministry of Healthcare, expert services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Security Service of Ukraine, etc. Moreover, forensic examinations, which are often arranged in criminal proceedings and sometimes in administrative proceedings, can be carried out exclusively by forensic experts who are employees of such institutions. At the same time, the law provides for the possibility of carrying out forensic expert activity on a business basis, on the ground of special authorization, as well as onetime agreements, by citizens who have the qualification of a forensic expert, which is often used in administrative proceedings. Neither a judge nor any other persons, who are involved in administrative or criminal procedures, have this kind of expert knowledge. By virtue of the knowledge that is converted by forensic experts in the source of evidence, important issues of a case are resolved that would be impossible without forensic expertise. In legal science, there is an idea that expert activity, due to its specificity, is much wider than expert procedure regardless of the fact whether it is carried out in administrative or criminal procedures.
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Caturegli, Patrizio, Edward F. McCarthy, J. Brooks Jackson, and Ralph H. Hruban. "The Pathology Residency Program of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: A Model of Its Kind." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 139, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0629-hp.
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Context The Department of Pathology of the Johns Hopkins University pioneered in the late 19th century the application of the scientific method to the study of medicine and fostered the development of residency training programs. Objective To trace the history of the Johns Hopkins Pathology Residency Program and assess with quantifiable outcomes the performance of former residents. Design We reviewed archival and departmental records from September 1899 to June 2014 to create a database of pathology residents. We then analyzed resident in-service examinations, American Board of Pathology examinations, and career paths. Results In 115 years the department trained 555 residents who came from 133 medical schools located in 23 countries. Residents performed well on the in-service examinations, obtaining mean scaled total scores that were significantly better (P = .02) than those of the national peer groups. Residents (371 of 396, 94%) passed their boards typically at the first attempt, a percentage pass that was higher than the national average for both anatomic (P < .001) and clinical (P = .002) pathology. Approximately half of the residents went into private practice, whereas a third followed an academic career. Of the latter group, 124 (75%) became professors of pathology, 31 (19%) chairs of pathology departments, 10 (6%) deans of medical schools, 5 (3%) were elected into the National Academy of Sciences, and 1 won the Nobel prize. Conclusions While maintaining its original core values, the Johns Hopkins Pathology Residency Program has trained physicians to be outstanding researchers, diagnosticians, and leaders in pathology.
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Spier, R. A., and J. M. Thompson. "Developing a Database of Pollen Images." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600028385.
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A database cataloguing SEM micrographs of pollen specimens can be useful for several purposes. The primary reason would be for educational purposes. The images could be used to study pollen structure, as well as the relationship between pollen and pollinator species. Identification of pollen can be of potential use for medical purposes (such as combating allergic reactions to pollen), and for comparison in a forensic investigation. At the Biology Department of California State University, San Bernardino an ongoing project is underway to construct a database of pollen samples, focusing on local species. The micrographs are created at the Electron Microscope and Images Analysis Center located in the School of Natural Sciences at Cal State San Bernardino using a Hitachi S-2700 SEM. The database will be made available to the public and updated periodically via the Biology Department website (http://biology.csusb.edu).All specimens were first fixated by placing the pollen grains in a syringe filter and injecting a 2% formaldehyde/4% glutaraldehyde formula and incubating overnight.
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Sekerazh, T. N., and V. O. Kuznetsov. "Integrated Forensic Psycholinguistic Analysis: Forms, Types, Prospects of Development." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science, no. 4(44) (December 30, 2016): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/64/1819-2785-2016-4-98-107.
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The authors outline four key stages in the establishment and development of integrated psycholinguistic analysis within the system of forensic science organizations of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. The first is associated with the period when psychological and linguistic evaluation first emerged and started to develop as new branches of forensic investigation, accompanied by the launch of new training programs, and accumulation of practical experience. The second stage was marked by the establishment of new objects and subject of investigation in forensic psychology (information materials and their intentionality), as well as integrated psycholinguistic evaluation. The third stage is identified by the improvement of forensic methodology for integrated evaluations, establishment of specialized departments tasked with tackling extremism related casework, modernization of forensic education and training programs, and introduction of new types of integrated psycholinguistic evaluations. The fourth stage is that of further evolution of psycholinguistic analysis, mutual integration of special knowledge in psychology and linguistics and its application, and expansion of the variety of objects and objectives that require a multidisciplinary approach. Consolidated overview of practices in integrated forensic psycholinguistic analysis covers the period 2014–2016.
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Kumar, Vikas, Neelkamal Sharma, Kusum Singal, and Arun Sharma. "A Wildlife Forensic Study for the Species Identification of Indian Blackbuck through Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing (FINS)." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 15, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2621.
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Identification of exhibits obtained in wildlife cases usually presents challenging tasks for the forensic science investigators. This study describes a casework, where a degraded tissue sample was recovered from pathology department LUVAS University Hisar, Haryana to resolve the identity of the questioned sample. The mitochondrial DNA region of the questioned sample was amplified and sequenced using universal primers of cytochrome b gene to determine the forensically informative nucleotide sites to find the species identity. The obtained sequencing results were compared with the most homologous sequences extracting from NCBI-GenBank database and a phylogenetic tree was done with the aligned sequences to determine the species identity with strong bootstrap support. The informative sites generated revealed that the degree of sequence similarity showed maximum homology (100%) with the sequence obtained from the database. Based on the FINS analysis the recovered sample related to Antilope cervicapra (family Bovidae).
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Chesnokova, E. V. "On the Development of Working with Personnel in Forensic Organizations under the Requirements of the International Standard ISO/IEC 17025:2017." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 15, no. 1 (April 19, 2020): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2020-1-75-83.
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The purpose of the study is to adapt the requirements of the international standard ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 “General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories”, defining the functions and responsibilities of laboratory personnel, to the domestic forensic expert activity. The following requirements for personnel are addressed in the article: impartiality, competence, manageability, and performance of operations according to the laboratory’s management system. International standards and comments to them, foreign forensic practice, publications on domestic forensic expert science, and procedural codes of the Russian Federation have been analyzed. The article points out that in forensic organizations, the entire staff divides into two groups: those who perform forensic examinations (research) and those who ensure the functioning of the forensic organizations. Achieving objectivity in laboratory activities during research or testing is strictly applicable and is regulated by documenting the research/ test, validating research/test methods, training and admitting personnel, and maintaining equipment. The combination of these procedures ensures the objectivity of a study. It is shown that the standard extends its provisions to all accredited organizations under the uniform rules, which goes along with the ethical standards of the forensic expert institutions of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, other departments, as well as commercial organizations.
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Kirin, R. "CONTENT AND SYSTEM OF FORENSIC LAW SOURCES: THE GENERAL PART." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 21, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_10.
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The problem of studying forensic law sources, as an element of the national legal system, is becoming urgent today. By studying their systemic properties, the possibility of scientific forecasting in the development of the legal system tendency, determining courses of the most effective steps to improve the entire mechanism of legal regulation of forensic relations’ complex is increasing.
The article purpose is to conduct research on the prerequisites for systematizing the modern array of the forensic science legal basis in Ukraine and to identify theoretical and applied peculiarities for the formation of the general part content in the system of forensic law sources.
To uncover the problem and subject of examination, as well as to accomplish the tasks, the synthesis method was used, which helped to identify the main areas of legal regulation and the system of general forensic relations, the formal legal method helped to clarify the content of forensic legislation legal norms.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the legal construction of the general part of the current Law on judicial examination from the point of view of legal technique in general and rule-making in particular is an example of legislative anachronism in which neither substantive nor formal requirements of the culture of law-making are properly observed, what directly complicates its implementation, compliance and application.
The need for injunctions of a general nature is emphasized with the purpose for a better understanding of the essence, objectives and content of specific injunctions. In general provisions of the basic act of forensic legislation it is offered to combine injunctions that define: the concept, terminology, content, legal basis, objectives, principles of forensic activity and their content, subject and object composition of forensic examination, as well as the powers of state, interdepartmental, departmental and public bodies on state regulation and forensic management.
It has been established that the content of most sources of forensic law testifies to the differentiation of their injunctions, which can be carried out in a special part according to three generic criteria: the type of forensic activity entity (based on departmental subordination, form of ownership); type of forensic examination; type of legal proceedings.
Arguments on the lack of a single scientifically based system of interconnected regulatory legal acts of forensic legislation are presented, which, as a result, created the social prerequisites for its systematization in the form of codification. The course of the highest degree of legislation perfection is substantiated, which should be presented in the form of Forensic Code of Ukraine.
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Magyar, Lóránt, Orsolya Bellovits, and Györgyi Bujdosó. "Changes in anthropometrical data of the Hungarian child and adult population during the last thirty years based on family studies conducted by the Department of Forensic Medicine at Budapest." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 64, no. 2 (June 21, 2006): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/64/2006/227.
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Russetskiy, A. A. "PLACE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN THE CYBERTHREATS PREVENTION SYSTEM IN FIELD OF A UKRAINIAN INFORMATION SECURITY." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 18 (December 26, 2018): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2018.29.
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Theoretical developments and practical experience of countering cyberthreats in the field of information security of Ukraine are analyzed. It is determined that the crime prevention in the field of information security is structurally composed of several stages. They include: search for primary information on criminal activity in the information field ; prevention of cybercrime; detection of illegal actions in the field of information security while operative investigative activities and pre-trial investigation of criminal proceedings. The most common illegal actions in the field of information security is unauthorized tampering in the work of information and telecommunications systems. In order to identify these crimes during operative investigative activities within the criminal procedure operational officers and investigators must possess methods of detecting specified illegal actions and objects that can be subject to research. Theoretical bases of recommendations for search, detection, fixation and seizure of these facilities should be appropriate criminalistic methods. Legal basis for the formation of these methods should be legislative and departmental regulatory acts. However, in a number of normative legal acts related to ensuring cybersecurity in Ukraine, there are inconsistencies in the conceptual apparatus, especially with regard to specific object types of forensic science, signs of unauthorized tampering in the work of information and telecommunications systems. It was found out that counteraction to cyberthreats in the field of information security in Ukraine should be based on a system integrated approach to use of all structural elements, coordination of its subject activities including forensic experts. The theoretical basis for the formation of a system integrated approach to crime prevention in this field is the implementation of research on research of theoretical applied branches of jurisprudence: criminalistics, theory of forensic science, theory of operative investigative activities.
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Shrestha, Sugam, BN Yadav, Shivendra Jha, and Bikash Sah. "Pattern of Morbidity and Mortality Due to Road Traffic Accident Cases at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan." Nepal Medical Journal 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37080/nmj.122.
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Introduction: Road traffic injuries and deaths caused by motor vehicles is a growing public health problem all over the world. Head injury and blunt abdominal trauma are major health problems and are frequent causes of death among Road Traffic Accident (RTA) victims.
Methods: A total of 348 cases were examined in Emergency department and the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan during the period of one year. Data were collected using proforma and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 11.5. Injury Severity Score (ISS) was used to assess the severity of injuries.
Result: There were 318 morbidity and 30 mortality cases. Male to female ratio was 2.2:1. The commonest age group involved was 21-30 years i.e.32.1%. The most common vehicle involved was two wheelers (60.9%) followed by heavy four or more wheelers (20.9%) and the most common nature of accident was through collision of the vehicles. Abrasion was the most common injury occurred during the RTA (61.2%). 34.1% of the victims had laceration, 8.6% had contusion and 20.9% had fractures. Median Injury Severity Score was 31.5 in mortality and 1 in morbidity cases.
Conclusion: Road traffic accident is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Injuries in various body regions are frequent findings in victims of RTA. The median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of mortality cases was significantly high compared to that of morbidity cases.
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Pyke, Alyssa T., Wendy Gunn, Carmel Taylor, Ian Mackay, Jamie McMahon, Lauren Jelley, Ben Waite, and Fiona May. "On the Home Front: Specialized Reference Testing for Dengue in the Australasian Region." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, no. 3 (July 15, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3030075.
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Reference laboratories are vital for disease control and interpreting the complexities and impact of emerging pathogens. The role of these centralized facilities extends beyond routine screening capabilities to provide rapid, specific, and accurate diagnoses, advanced data analysis, consultation services, and sophisticated disease surveillance and monitoring. Within the Australasian region, the Public Health Virology Laboratory (PHV), Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Australia, and the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), New Zealand (NZ) perform specialized reference testing and surveillance for dengue viruses (DENVs) and other emerging arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), including chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). With a focus on DENV, we review the reference testing performed by PHV (2005 to 2017) and ESR (2008 to 2017). We also describe how the evolution and expansion of reference-based methodologies and the adoption of new technologies have provided the critical elements of preparedness and early detection that complement frontline public health control efforts and limit the spread of arboviruses within Australasia.
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Crespillo-Márquez, Manuel, Miguel Rafael Paredes-Herrera, Pedro Alberto Barrio-Caballero, Juan Antonio Luque-Gutiérrez, Santiago Crespo-Alonso, Juan Luis Valverde-Villarreal, and Albert Vingut-López. "Genetic identification as a tool in research of irregular adoptions and abduction of newborns in Spain: National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Science (Department of Barcelona) experience." Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine 42, no. 1 (January 2016): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2015.06.001.
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Campbell, Rebecca, Jessica Shaw, and Giannina Fehler–Cabral. "Shelving Justice: The Discovery of Thousands of Untested Rape Kits in Detroit." City & Community 14, no. 2 (June 2015): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12108.
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In August 2009, approximately 11,000 sexual assault kits (SAKs; “rape kits”) were found in a Detroit police department storage facility, the vast majority of which had never been tested for DNA evidence. To address this problem, a multidisciplinary action research project was formed to bring together researchers and practitioners from law enforcement, prosecution, forensic sciences, medicine/nursing, and victim advocacy to develop evidence–based response strategies. In this paper, we will draw upon qualitative interviews with Detroit stakeholders, archival records, and ethnographic observations to examine the events surrounding the discovery of the rape kits and why police personnel did not view the accumulation of so many untested SAKs as a problem. Over the course of this three–year action research project, Detroit stakeholders worked together to enact local– and state–level reforms to test these kits and to prevent this problem from happening again.
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Dikshit, P. C., T. D. Dogra, and J. Chandra. "Comprehensive Study of Homicides in South Delhi, 1969–79." Medicine, Science and the Law 26, no. 3 (July 1986): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248602600311.
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The present study was undertaken by the Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) to find out the trends in homicides during the years 1969–79. Out of 4837 medico-legal autopsies conducted during the above-mentioned period, 140 cases (2.8 per cent) were of homicidal deaths. The commonest age group of the victims was 21–30 years (39.25 per cent) followed by 31–40 years (20 per cent). Males were victimized seven times more than females. Winter was the commonest season for the crime and most homicides occurred during the night. Most deaths occurred at the scene of the event. In our series blunt force injury was the commonest type (41.42 per cent) followed by stab injury (31.42 per cent). Defence wounds were present in 28.58 per cent of cases. Robbery and financial gain were the commonest type (37.1 per cent) of motive for the crime.
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Turner, James J., and Michael A. Chesters. "Norman Sheppard. 16 May 1921—10 April 2015." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 65 (August 8, 2018): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0043.
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Norman Sheppard was an exceptional man as scientist, teacher and administrator, but he was also kind, generous, honourable and extremely modest. He was the international expert on the application of vibrational spectroscopy to molecular structure, in solids, on surfaces, in solution and in the gas phase. One significant feature of his science was that he was always on the lookout for new developments in spectroscopy to apply to chemical structure (e.g. NMR, RAIRS, EELS). Always passionate about expanding higher education opportunities, he moved from Cambridge in 1964—as Professor of Chemical Physics—to help Professor Alan Katritzky (FRS) found the chemistry department at the new University of East Anglia. He was heavily involved in national and international matters: council member of the Royal Society; president of the Faraday Division of the Royal Society of Chemistry; member of the Infrared and Raman Discussion Group and first chairman of the NMR Discussion Group; member of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and several of its committees. His early work in two major areas of spectroscopy was very important in underpinning their use in chemical analysis, central to industry and forensic science. He was a devoted family man. In his spare time he was fascinated by architecture, nature and photography. Latterly he became interested in the science–religion debate and the philosophy of science.
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Choudhury, Richa, and Neha Singh. "A Retrospective one Year Study of the Medico-legal Cases in the Emergency Department of Rural Institute of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah." Medico-Legal Update 16, no. 2 (2016): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-1283.2016.00080.3.
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Faheem, Sanam, Suraiya Hirani, Shahida Maqsood, Faheem Shaikh, Maqsood Ahmed Soomro, and Syed Jaffar Abbas Zaidi. "Palatal rugoscopy: Individuality and gender differences in subset of population of Karachi." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 06 (June 10, 2021): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.06.5397.
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Objectives: To evaluate the individuality of palatal rugae patten and correlate them in males and females in different age groups by using Trobo’s classification. Study Design: Cross Sectional. Setting: Department of Prosthodontics, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences. Period: September 2019 to January 2020. Material & Methods: This study comprised of ninety-four participants with equal number of males and females from 10 years to 70 years, visiting the Prosthodontic department. Study casts included were free of dental abnormality, trauma, malocclusion, orthodontic problems, and deformity in palatal rugae area. Sample size was calculated from software name openepi.com with 95% confidence interval. Data was tabulated and SPSS version 22.0 was used to identify the results. Results: Frequency distribution was performed among age groups in which second group (20 to 39 years) has highest frequency with 52 in number. The cross tab between age group and type of rugae was made which showed group II, having age between 20 to 39 years, had the highest number of palatal rugae configurations amongst all. Conclusion: Sinuous or type E was the predominant type of palatal rugae found in this study. The study did not show significant difference in gender, however number of rugae were found consistently more in young adults with propensity towards individuality. Their use can thus be justified for dental identification in forensic odontology.
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Benomran, F. A. "An Objective Study of Two Medicolegal Systems—Libyan and British." Medicine, Science and the Law 33, no. 4 (October 1993): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249303300409.
Full textAbstract:
This work presents important information about the medicolegal systems in two different countries through the author's personal experience during his work. In Libya, the Medicolegal Centres, attached to the Justice Department, receives all cases referred by the Director of Public Prosecution or by the Judge. These constitute a wide range of cases which include in descending order of frequency, age estimation, injuries, autopsies, sexual offences, criminal responsibility, medical mishaps, disputed paternity and nullity of marriage. In Scotland, the Department of Forensic Medicine and Science at the University of Glasgow receive only a proportion of the total number of cases investigated by the Procurator Fiscal in Glasgow. These are exclusively deaths that require medicolegal autopsies, which average 458 per year. The Medicolegal Centre in Benghazi receives all referrals from the courts, which average 1780 cases per year, but autopsies constitute only 14.4% (256 cases per year). A total of 1144 autopsies performed in Glasgow during a period of 2.5 years, and 7121 medicolegal cases investigated in Benghazi during a period of 4 years (1022 of that were autopsies), are presented in 12 tables and duly discussed. The outstanding observation is the marked male preponderance in deaths from unnatural causes in Benghazi, (80% of the total), compared to less marked male preponderance in Glasgow, (60% of the total). This is explained by the fact that due to social custom in Libya, females have limited outdoor activities and lead a rather domestic life compared to females in Britain.
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Iamsaard, S., K. Ailadda, S. Apichakan, and T. Panya. "Classification and incidence of medial articular surface in Northeastern-Thai clavicles." Journal of Morphological Sciences 34, no. 01 (January 2017): 044–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.104816.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction: The medial articular surface of dried clavicles have been studied to evaluate sex and age in many races. This morphological investigation in Thai population has never been reported. This study aimed to classify the clavicular medial surfaces and to provide their incidences. Materials and Methods: 454 dried clavicles (254 males and 200 females), averaged age (60.69±14.36 years), from KKU Osteological Collection Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, were systemically investigated for types and incidence of their medial articular surface. Results: The showed that medial articular surfaces of Northeastern-Thais were classified into 6 types: smooth (type 1 = 7.71%), slight granulation (type 2 = 16.74%), coarse granulation (type 3 = 41.63%), nodule formation (type 4 = 1.54%), undulating (type 5 = 24.89%), and degeneration (type 6 = 7.49%), respectively. Conclusion: These basic data can be used for teaching the medical and paramedical students and also might be applied in forensic sciences especially identifying of Northeastern - Thai clavicle remains.