To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Department of Geology and Geophysics.
Journal articles on the topic 'Department of Geology and Geophysics'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Department of Geology and Geophysics.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Jackowski, Antoni, and Kazimierz Krzemień. "Maurycy Pius Rudzki and the birth of geophysics." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 7, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-7-23-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The article describes briefly the life and fundamental work of Rudzki in geology, geography, seismology, oceanography and meteorology. In 1895 he became head of the world's first department of geophysics and meteorology at the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, the second oldest university north of the Alps (Prague being the oldest).
2
Carlton, D. P. "The Geophysics Department of Humble Oil and Refining Company (1924–1945)." Leading Edge 23, no. 2 (February 2004): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1651456.
Full text
3
Khodijah, Siti, Candra Kusuma, and Henny Purnamasari. "OPTIMALISASI PENGEBORAN STERILISASI DAN VERIFIKASI HASIL 3D IP SURVEI DI PARBOTIKAN, MARTABE GOLD MINE, SUMATERA UTARA." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.69.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAK Sejalan dengan peningkatan sumber daya dan cadangan emas-perak di PT. Agincourt Resources (PTAR) dari tahun 2017-2018 dan mengkaji fasilitas penyimpanan tailing yang ada saat ini diperhitungkan tidak mampu menampung peningkatan volume tailing sehingga dilakukan penentuan lokasi yang baru. Pemilihan beberapa lokasi baru untuk fasilitas ini sudah dimulai sejak pertengahan tahun 2018 dan Departemen eksplorasi bekerja sama dengan Departemen project development ditugaskan untuk menyelidiki bahwa daerah yang dipilih adalah lokasi yang sesuai. Pengeboran dan data IP (Induced Polarisation) geofiska, digunakan untuk menentukan apakah lokasi yang diusulkan merupakan lokasi yang steril dari sumber daya mineral ekonomis dan stabil secara geoteknik. Program pengeboran fase pertama sudah selesai pada Q1 tahun 2019, berdasarkan data geology permukaan, geokimia dan geofisika yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Limabelas titik bor dengan total kedalaman 6.802m telah dilakukan di daerah rencana dengan rata-rata total kedalaman 500 meter. Data geologi, struktur dan geokimia bawah permukaan yang diperoleh dari hasil pengeboran akan dikaji untuk menentukan apakah lokasi yang dipilih tepat dan cocok untuk fasilitas tailing manajemen. Fase pengeboran tahap 2 atau tindak lanjut sedang dilakukan, namun tergantung dari hasil survei IP 3D yang baru saja selesai dan saat ini juga sedang dilakukan pemodelan hasil pembacaan geofisika berupa data resistivitas dan chargeabilitas (jika ada indikasi anomali) di area yang belum dilakukan pengeboran sebelumnya, untuk memastikan bahwa area tersebut steril atau tidak terdapat mineral ekonomis. Ketersediaan data teknis dari program eksplorasi juga dapat digunakan untuk mendukung pekerjaan di departemen lain dan hal ini menguntungkan secara signifikan untuk penghematan biaya serta dapat memastikan bahwa pekerjaan selain geologi tidak mempengaruhi potensi/target eksplorasi di daerah tersebut dan memberikan gambaran untuk perencanaan pengeboran lebih lanjut untuk kondisi geoteknik setempat. Kata Kunci: IP Survei, chargeabilitas, geoteknik, geofisika, mineral ABSTRACT As a consequence of an increase in resources and reserves at the Martabe Gold Mine in 2017-2018 the current tailings management facility will be unable to handle the additional tailings and therefore a new location is being pursued. The selection of several new locations for this facility began in mid-2018 and the exploration department in collaboration with the project development department was tasked with investigating that the area chosen was the appropriate location. Drilling and IP (Induced Polarisation) geophysical data was used to determine if the proposed location is likely to contain any significant economic mineralisation and is geotechnically stable.A first phase drilling program that was based on historical surface geology, geochemical and geophysics data was completed in Q1 of 2019. Fifteen drill holes with total of 6,802m were collared within or proximal to the proposed location and were drilled to an average depth of 500m. Subsurface geology, structure and geochemical data acquired in the Phase 1 drilling program was reviewed to determine if the area was suitable for facility tailings management. A second or follow up drilling phase is being considered but is dependent on the results of a recently completed 3D IP survey that is currently being modelled which will provide resistivity and chargeability geophysical signatures (if any) over the area not yet drill tested to ensure that the area is sterile of economic mineralisation. The availability of technical data from Exploration programs being made available to other departments can be significant for cost saving measures and ensure that non geological projects do not affect the exploration potential in the district and provide an overview for further drill planning for geotechnical conditions. Keywords: IP Survey, chargeability, geotechnical, geophysics, mineral
4
Favier, Philomène, Alan Poulos, Jorge Andrés Vásquez, Paula Aguirre, and Juan Carlos de la Llera. "Seismic Risk Assessment of an Emergency Department of a Chilean Hospital Using a Patient-Oriented Performance Model." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 2 (May 2019): 489–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/103017eqs224m.
Full textAbstract:
After an earthquake, hospital emergency departments need to provide continuous health care services to respond to the eventual sudden increase in injured people. The service performance of an emergency department is influenced by internal factors, such as physical damage and staff availability, and external factors, such as an increased patient arrival rate and disruptions in its supply chain. This research presents a quantification methodology for the performance of the emergency department. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in the explicit integration of the inelastic structural and nonstructural response of the building and damage with its loss of functionality, downtime, and emergency patient treatment rate. A discrete event simulation model is used to model the flow of patients within the different units of the emergency department. The seismic risk is expressed as return periods of exceeding different levels of patient waiting times. Results show that 1,000 and 30,000 accumulated waiting hours correspond to return periods of 100 and 1,000 years, respectively. It is concluded that this model may contribute to improving the risk management of critical emergency department infrastructure.
5
Crabb, T. N., and P. R. Dunne. "Environmental Impact of Seismic Exploration Activities in Pels 5 & 6, Sa – A Department of Mines and Energy Perspective." Exploration Geophysics 22, no. 1 (March 1991): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg991085.
Full text
6
Papadopoulos, T. D., N. Goulty, N. S. Voulgaris, J. D. Alexopoulos, I. Fountoulis, P. Kambouris, V. Karastathis, et al. "Tectonic structure of Central-Western Attica (Greece) based on geophysical in vestigations-Preliminary results." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 3 (June 5, 2018): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16873.
Full textAbstract:
In an effort to investigate the deep geological structure in the broader area of central-western Attica, that suffered severe damage during the destructive Athens earthquake of September 7th, 1999, the Department of Geophysics-Geothermics of the Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment of Athens University, in collaboration with the Geodynamic Institute of National Observatory of Athens and the Department of Geological Sciences of Durham University, carried out a combined geophysical survey. For the first time in Attica, seismic and gravity geophysical methods were applied along profiles, in such an extensive scale. Within the framework of this investigation the following tasL· were accomplished: a) Three (3) seismic lines of about 30 kilometres of total length, two (2) in the area of Thriassion plain and one (1) along the Parnitha-Krioneri-Drosia-Ekali-Dionysos axis (Attica plain) and b) 338 gravity measurements distributed along eight (8) gravity profiles, four (4) of which in Thriassion plain, three (3) in Petroupoli-Aharnes-Thrakomakedones region (Attica plain) and one (1) along Parnitha-Krioneri-Drosia-Ekali-Dionysos axis (Attica plain). Preliminary results of the geophysical investigation combined with existing geological and tectonic data are presented in this paper. Significant variation in the elevation of the alpine basement has been detected, expressed by manifestation of low and high subsurface areas which are well correlated with existing fault zones. In the area of Thriassion plain the thickness of post-alpine sediments is estimated of a few hundred meters (<500 meters) and huge thickness of several hundred meters (-800 meters) of post-alpine sediments were detected in Thrakemakedones and Krioneri areas. The relief of alpine basement is more intense in fault zones areas, such as Thriassion plain (WNW-ESE), Pathitha and Kifissos (NE-SW) as well as along the fault zone outline the Fili and Aharnes graben and is covered by postalpine formations
7
Cassiliano, Michael. "Online specimen catalog available at the University of Wyoming." Journal of Paleontology 76, no. 1 (January 2002): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000017492.
Full textAbstract:
The specimen catalogue of the Collection of Fossil Vertebrates in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wyoming in Laramie is now available on the World Wide Web. The URL for the site is http://paleo.gg.uwyo.edu. The construction of the website is the final step in the collection improvement grant (DBI-9808626) awarded by the National Science Foundation to Jay Lillegraven and Mike Cassiliano. The website was built by Brian Kraatz, a graduate student of Jay's. The specimen catalogue lists over 41,000 vertebrate fossils, an increase of more than 14,000 since the start of the grant. The collection's main focus is on mammals from the late Cretaceous, Paleocene, and early Eocene.
8
McCormack, Thomas C., and Franz N. Rad. "An Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology for Buildings Based on ATC-13 and ATC-21." Earthquake Spectra 13, no. 4 (November 1997): 605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585971.
Full textAbstract:
A survey of the seismic hazards for about 30,000 nonresidential buildings in Portland, Oregon was conducted, and an earthquake damage and loss estimation model was developed. To conduct the buildings survey, ATC-21's Rapid Screening Procedure was used. For each building the data included: address, year built, area, number of stories, building name, use, occupancy type, estimated range of number of people, nonstructural falling hazards, building type, and performance modifiers such as soft story and torsion. Soil data were provided by the Earthquake Hazard Maps published by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. The algorithm set up on the GIS was to compute the structural score based on ATC-21 score, modify the score based on the geologic condition of the site, and finally, compute the damage. The proposed loss estimation model is based on ATC-13, and the scoring system developed by ATC-21. The results are in terms of percent (or dollar) damage to buildings in the survey and loss of life and serious injuries.
9
Harper, F. "Undiscovered oil and gas resources: An evaluation of the department of the interior's 1989 assessment procedures." Marine and Petroleum Geology 9, no. 6 (December 1992): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(92)90041-c.
Full text
10
Yurek, Peter, Stuart McKernan, and Kyung-Ho Lee. "The Construction of an EBSD Stage for the Electroscan E3 SEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 796–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036473.
Full textAbstract:
With recent advances in computing power and application specific software it has become practical for smaller microcopy labs to either purchase or build a electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) systems. This system can be used to probe the crystallography and microstructure of many different materials. One set of such materials is geological samples from deep within the earth's crust. In collaboration with the Geology and Geophysics department an EBSD system has been built to function with the Philips Electroscan E3 Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). Using an existing low light level SIT camera, the system was completed with the addition of a phosphor screen and appropriate software and acquisition cards.One main advantage of the ESEM for EBSD is that since it is an environmental SEM samples can be imaged without coating. For insulating materials this is means that the sample can be imaged without coating.
11
Ardianto, Reza. "Managing limited subsurface data in a mature oil field case study: extending the production lifetime of a 50-year-old oil field in Indonesia: Rantau oil field Waterflood Pilot Project." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12100.
Full textAbstract:
Business management of oil and gas in Pertamina State Oil enterprises was handed to one of its subsidiaries: Pertamina EP (PEP). With a vast working area of 140,000 km2, it consists of 214 fields where 80% is an old field (mature field or brown field). Most of these oil fields were discovered during Dutch colonialism. One of these fields was Rantau oil field, discovered in 1928; it is considered one of potential structure at the time. Peak oil production was achieved at 31,711 barrels of oil per day (BOPD) (wc 17.2%) in 1969, and it is still producing 2,500 BOPD from primary stage.To get better recovery from the Rantau oil field, it is necessary to identify the potential of secondary recovery water-flooding. Some screening criteria had been completed to select an appropriate method that could be applied in the Rantau field. PEP is preparing an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) program to be applied in some oil fields with subsurface and surface potential consideration. The implementation was initiated by the EOR Department at PEP. The issue of the national oil production increasing program from the government has to be realised by the EOR Department at Pertamina EP. Following the national oil increasing program, management of PEP urged to increase oil production in a rapid and realistic way. As a result, the program of secondary and tertiary recovery pilot project should be conducted simultaneously by the EOR Department on some of the fields that have passed their peak. On the other hand, PEP has only limited geology, geophysics, reservoir, and production (GGRP) data, and most of the oil fields have been producing since 1930s. The conditions that have to be dealt with are as follows: production from the existing field is declining, data is collected and interpreted during a long period, huge amounts of production data, and reservoir model and simulation do not exist and are not frequently updated. Based on this, the planning of EOR struggled due to length of time needed versus the need for quick development. It has become much more of a challenge for the team consisting of integrated geophysics, geology, reservoir, production, process facility, project management and economic evaluation. This extended abstract presents the term of managing limited GGRP data that contributes to the successful pilot waterflood project in the Rantau field. It also explains the uses of limited subsurface GGRP data to overcome the uncertainty for planning of the waterflood pilot project in the Rantau field, as a part of planning using limited data.
12
Ayress, Michael A. "Crescenticythere, a new enigmatic ostracode from the Tertiary of New Zealand." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 5 (September 1993): 905–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000037197.
Full textAbstract:
During examination of the large ostracode assemblage collections at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Geology & Geophysics, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, a single specimen of unusual shape was encountered. So unusual is the crescentic outline and infolding of the entire shell periphery that assignment even to a phylum was difficult, and it was only upon scanning electron microscopic study that subcentral muscle scars were clearly observed and these enabled confident identification of the specimen as an ostracode. One specimen is not usually considered sufficient to propose a new taxon; however, in this case there is no doubt that this unique specimen clearly represents a new species, genus, and probably family of Ostracoda. A search for additional specimens from the type unit is underway, but has, as yet, been unsuccessful to find this rare intriguing ostracode. Unlike other unusual ostracodes described from the Southern Hemisphere such as the punciids, this specimen appears to have no similarity with Paleozoic taxa.
13
Nursalam, La Ode, A. Arisona, R. Ramli, La Harudu, Sitti Kasmiati, Eko Harianto, Fahrudi Ahwan Ikhsan, and Andri Estining Sejati. "Mapping of Subsurface Geological Structure and Land Cover Using Microgravity Techniques for Geography and Geophysic Surveys: A Case Study of Maluri Park, Malaysia." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i3.13738.
Full textAbstract:
A microgravity investigation on bedrock topography was conducted at Maluri park reference level in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The study aim to mapping the near-surface structure and soil and land cover distribution for geography and geophysics surveys. Two types of cross-section modeling of the residual anomaly generated the MaluriBouguer Anomaly model for site-1 and site-2 at Maluri Park. The 2D microgravity models produced the contour map, displaying the characterization due to density contrast in rock types while mapping the subsurface geological structure at different depths. Moreover, a synthetic model was initiated with the assumption of lateral distance on the left and right sides taken at 50 m and a depth of 60 m. The results of modeling confirmed that the soil and rock type composition on both models site tests are topsoil (1.1 to 1.92 g/cm3), soil (1.8 g/cm3), clay (1.63 g/cm3), gravel (1.7 g/cm3), sand (2.0 g/cm3), shale (2.4 g/cm3), sandstone (2.76 g/cm3), and limestone (2.9 g/cm3). The 2D gravity modeling using two model site tests obtained a correspondence with the observed microgravity data.
Keywords: Bouguer anomaly, limestone, microgravity, soil structure, topography.
References
Amaluddin, L. O., Rahmat, R., Surdin, S., Ramadhan, M. I., Hidayat, D. N., Purwana, I. G., & Fayanto, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of Outdoor Learning in Improving Spatial Intelligence. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(3), 667–680. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.613987
Arisona,A., Mohd N., Amin E.K., &Abdullahi, A.(2018).Assessment of microgravity anomalies of soil structure for geotechnical 2d models.Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology (JGEET)3(3), 151-154.
Georgsson, L.S. (2009). Geophysical Methotds Used in Geothermal Exploration. Presented at Exploration for Geothermal Resources, 1-22 November 2009, 1-16.
Grandjean, G. (2009). From Geophysical Parameters to Soil Characteristics.Florida: Report N°BRGM/FP7-DIGISOIL Project Deliverable 2.1, Final ReportDepartment of Civil and Coastal EngineeringUniversity of Florida.
Hiltunen, D.R., Hudyma,N.,Tran,K.T.,&Sarno,A.I. (2012).Geophysical Testing of Rock and Its Relationthipsto Physical Properties.Florida:Final ReportDepartment ofCivil and Coastal EngineeringUniversity ofFlorida.
Kirsch,R. (2006).GroundwaterGeophysics, ATool for Hydrogeology.New York: Springer.
Kamal,H.,Taha,M.,&Al-Sanad,S. (2010). Geoenvironmental Engineering and Geotechnics, GeoShanghai 2010 International Conference. (accessed 02.03.17)
Lilie, R.J. (1999).Whole Earth Geophysics: An Introductory Textbook for Geologists and Geophysicists. New Jersey:Prentice-HallInc.
Pringle, J.K., Styles, P., Howell, C.P.,Branston, M.W., Furner, R., &Toon,S.M. (2012). Long-term time-lapse microgravity and geotechnical monitoring of relict salt mines, marston, cheshire, uk. Geophysic77(6), 165-171.
Samsudin, H.T.(2003).A microgravity survey over deep limestone bedrock.Bulletin of Geological Society of Malaysia4(6), 201-208.
Tan, S.M. (2005). Karsticfeatures of kualalumpur limestone. Bulletin of the Institution of EnginnerMalaysia 4(7), 6-11.
Tajuddin, A.&Lat, C.N. (2004).Detecting subsurfacevoids using the microgravity method, a case study from kualalipis, pahang.Bulletin of Geological Society of Malaysia 3(48), 31-35.
Tuckwell, G., Grossey, T., Owen, S., & Stearns, P. (2008). The use of microgravity to detect small distributed voids and low-density ground. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 41(3), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.1144/1470-9236/07-224
Wanjohi, A.W. (2014). Geophysical Field Mapping. Presented at Exploration for Geothermal Resources, 2-23 November 2014, 1-9.
Yusoff , Z.M., Raju,G. &Nahazanan, H.(2016).Static and dynamic behaviour of kualalumpur limestone. Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering Special Issue Vol.28 (1), p.:18-25.
Zabidi, H. & De Freitas, M.H. (2011).Re-evaluation of rock core logging for the prediction of preferred orientations of karst in the kualalumpur limestone formation. Engineering Geology, 117(3-4), p.: 159–169.
Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
14
Suslova, Anna A., Antonina V. Stoupakova, Alina V. Mordasova, and Roman S. Sautkin. "Structural reconstructions of the Eastern Barents Sea at Meso-Tertiary evolution and influence on petroleum potential." Georesursy 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2021.1.8.
Full textAbstract:
Barents Sea basin is the most explored and studied by the regional and petroleum geologists on the Russian Arctic shelf and has approved gas reserves. However, there are many questions in the petroleum exploration, one of them is the structural reconstruction. During its geological evolution, Barents Sea shelf was influenced by the Pre-Novaya Zemlya structural zone that uplifted several times in Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The main goal of the research is to clarify the periods of structural reconstructions of the Eastern Barents shelf and its influence on the petroleum systems of the Barents Sea shelf. A database of regional seismic profiles and offshore borehole data collected over the past decade on the Petroleum Geology Department of the Lomonosov Moscow State University allows to define main unconformities and seismic sequences, to reconstruct the periods of subsidence and uplifts in Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The structural reconstructions on the Eastern Barents Sea in the Triassic-Jurassic boundary led to intensive uplifts and formation of the huge inversion swells, which is expressed in erosional truncation and stratigraphic unconformity in the Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic strata. In the Jurassic period, tectonic subsidence reigned on the shelf, when the uplifts including the highs of Novaya Zemlya were partially flooded and regional clay seal and source rocks – Upper Jurassic «black clays» – deposited on the shelf. The next contraction phase manifested itself as a second impulse of the growth of inversion swells in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Cenozoic uplift of the Pre-Novaya Zemlya structural zone and the entire Barents Sea shelf led to significant erosion of the Mesozoic sediments, on the one hand, forming modern structural traps, and on the other, significantly destroying the Albian, once regional seal.
15
Kulkarni, M. N., D. Rai, P. Pillai, and V. S. Tomar. "Establishment of a GPS permanent reference station at the Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay, India." Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica 39, no. 1 (February 2004): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ageod.39.2004.1.6.
Full text
16
Casciello, Emilio, Massimo Cesarano, Giuseppe Naso, Gerardo Pappone, and Carmen Rosskopf. "The 2002 Molise, Italy, Earthquake: Geological and Geomorphological Data on the San Giuliano di Puglia Area." Earthquake Spectra 20, no. 1_suppl (July 2004): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1765105.
Full textAbstract:
The small village of San Giuliano di Puglia sustained the most severe damage from the Molise earthquake sequence of 2002. This study involved detailed geological and geomorphological mapping and is supported by a large set of geotechnical, geophysical and drill-hole data available from existing studies. These data were used to compile a seismic microzonation map of the San Giuliano di Puglia area as part of a study officially commissioned by the Department of Civil Protection. The map provides seismic hazard information that will be useful in the repair and reconstruction of the town.
17
ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑΔΗΣ, Α. "Environmental geology: Branch of geosciences or a marketing term?" Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17167.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental Geology is considered to have been coined for the environmental sensitive market. It originated in the United States in the late 1960's to attract students to save the closure of University Geology Departments. After almost thirty years there are still questions about its viability as a stand alone branch of geological sciences, since by definition it encompasses all the specialised branches of engineering geology, economic geology, structural geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, geophysics, etc. The environmental geologist must, therefore, be a "super geologist", which is an impossibility by present day standards. University curricula in Environmental Geology still teach the basic geological subjects of geology degrees, since these serve as a strong foundation for courses in the environmental field. In the United States, students are required to take at least four elective courses in environmentally orientated earth science subjects during their first degree. Whereas in the United Kingdom a Master of Science course in environmental subjects is recommended as a follow-up to the first degree in Environmental Geology, again a misnomer for the degree in pure Geology. It is quite apparent that Universities jumped on the bandwagon of the environmental market, without serious thought into what they were embarking. They created a non-existent market orientated branch of geological sciences, Environmental Geology, and they subsequently realised that it is impossible to produce the "super student" and the "super geologist", for this is what is in fact demanded. It is strongly believed, that specialists in the different branches of geological sciences, because of their in depth study of the natural geological environment and its processes, have considerable knowledge and expertise to be applied in the solution of environmental problems. This must, therefore, be advertised by both Universities and State Geological Surveys, for advertising is a more powerful tool of getting the message across to the public and to policy-makers, rather than by making up new branches of science with no content.
18
Pettifer, G., A. Tabassi, and B. Simons. "A NEW LOOK AT THE STRUCTURAL TRENDS IN THE ONSHORE OTWAY BASIN, VICTORIA, USING IMAGE PROCESSING OF GEOPHYSICAL DATA." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90016.
Full textAbstract:
Although the Otway Basin is oriented west-north-westerly, and previously recognised major structural elements follow a similar trend, other structural trends have been found on recently obtained geophysical data.In 1989, an aeromagnetic and radiometric survey of the onshore Otway Basin was completed for the Victorian Department of Industry and the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics. This survey, together with a recent gravity compilation by the Geological Survey of Victoria, enables analysis of magnetic and gravity data trends reflecting basement and intra-basin structure.The trend analysis was carried out using modern image processing techniques including simulation of real-time sun-angles of the magnetic and gravity data, and composite images of the radiometric data, to highlight lineaments. This technology enables integration of magnetic, gravity, radiometric and, potentially, seismic, Landsat, topography and bathymetry data for basin structure analysis.The magnetic, gravity and radiometric trend analysis was compared to an earlier Landsat study (Baker, 1980) and a previous seismic data compilation of the Otway Basin (Megallaa, 1986).The present study has revealed the significance of major early Palaeozoic north-south and east-north-east to easterly trends. The latter trends have not previously been identified or discussed in earlier basin reviews. There appears to be a difference between trends reflected in the radiometric and seismic data and trends apparent in the gravity and magnetic data. This could indicate a change in principal stress directions during the evolution of the basin. The shape of the northern margin of the basin appears to be controlled by major north-easterly structures.
19
Robinson, Enders A. "The MIT Geophysical Analysis Group (GAG) from inception to 1954." GEOPHYSICS 70, no. 4 (July 2005): 7JA—30JA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2000287.
Full textAbstract:
The beginning of digital signal processing took place in the years 1950 to 1954. Using an econometric model, E. A. Robinson in 1951 came up with the method of deconvolution, which he tested on 32 seismic traces. Norbert Wiener, George Wadsworth, Paul Samuelson, and Robert Solow were his advisors. On the basis of this work, the MIT president's office in 1952 set up and sponsored the Geophysical Analysis Group (GAG) in the Department of Geology and Geophysics. GAG was made up of graduate students doing research in digital signal processing. In 1953, a consortium of oil and geophysical companies took over the sponsorship. At first, GAG used the MIT Whirlwind digital computer. In order to do the larger amount of computing required by the consortium, the Computer Service Section of Raytheon Manufacturing Company was enlisted in 1953. The Raytheon people who played key roles were Richard Clippinger, Bernard Dimsdale, and Joseph H. Levin, all of whom had worked on ENIAC, the world's first electronic digital computer. As originally built, ENIAC did not use programs stored in memory as does a modern computer; instead, the programming was done by rewiring the physical components for each new problem. In 1948, Clippinger was responsible for converting ENIAC into the world's first operational stored-program computer. ENIAC had 20 accumulators but no other random access memory (RAM). The programs were stored in the function tables, which acted as programmable read-only memory(PROM). For GAG work in 1953, Raytheon used the British Ferranti Mark 1 computer (which was the commercial version of the Manchester Mark 1 computer, for which Alan Turing played a key role). This computer was installed at the University of Toronto to help in the design of the St. Lawrence Seaway. Raytheon was plagued by frequent breakdowns of the computer but still produced several hundred seismic deconvolutions for the summer GAG meeting in 1953. The consortium was pleased with the geophysical results but was disheartened by the unreliability of the current state of digital technology. As a result, GAG was directed to find analog ways to do deconvolution. Instead, GAG found that all of the analog methods, and in particular, electric frequency filtering, could be done by digital signal processing. In fact, the digital way provided greater accuracy than the analog way. At the spring meeting in 1954, GAG proposed that all analog processing be thrown out and replaced by digital signal processing. Raytheon was at the meeting and offered to obtain or build all the elements required for digital signal processing, from input to output. The conversion to digital was not done at the time. However, that step did happen in the early 1960s, and exploration geophysics has the distinction of being the first science to experience a total digital revolution. Digital processing today provides seismic images of the interior of the Earth so startling that they compare to images of the stars made by the Hubble telescope. (In fact, the digital method of deconvolution first developed in geophysics made possible the digital correction of the lens of the Hubble telescope.)
20
Rabinovich, A. B., I. V. Fine, I. P. Medvedev, and O. I. Yakovenko. "IN MEMORY OF EVGENY ARKADIEVICH KULIKOV (27.01.1950 – 21.11.2020)." Journal of Oceanological Research 48, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2020.48(4).12.
Full textAbstract:
On November 21, 2020, at the age of 70, one of the world’s largest specialists in the science of tsunami, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Tsunami Laboratory in the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Evgueny Arkadievich Kulikov, suddenly passed away. From 1980 to 1986 he was the Head of the Ocean Physics Laboratory in the Tsunami Department of the Sakhalin Complex Research Institute / Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far East Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk). From 2004 to 2018, E.A. Kulikov headed the Tsunami Laboratory of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences. E.A. Kulikov had students and colleagues all over the world – in Russia from Sakhalin to Moscow, in Europe, Canada, and the U.S.A. He left a bright mark in oceanology, in the science of tsunami, as well as in the memory of numerous friends and colleagues around the world as a remarkable scientist, teacher, and wonderful person. The presented article describes the main scientific stages of E.A. Kulikov.
21
Stoupakova, Antonina V., Maria A. Bolshakova, Anna A. Suslova, Alina V. Mordasova, Konstantin O. Osipov, Svetlana O. Kovalevskaya, Tatiana O. Kolesnikova, et al. "Generation potential, distribution area and maturity of the Barents-Kara Sea source rocks." Georesursy 23, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2021.2.1.
Full textAbstract:
Identification of the source rock potential and distribution area is the most important stage of the basin analysis and oil, and gas reserves assessment. Based on analysis of the large geochemical and geological data base of the Petroleum geology department of the Lomonosov Moscow State University and integration of different-scale information (pyrolysis results and regional palaeogeographic maps), generation potential, distribution area and maturity of the main source rock intervals of the Barents-Kara Sea shelf are reconstructed. These source rocks wide distribute on the Barents-Kara Sea shelf and are characterized by lateral variability of generation potential and type of organic matter depending on paleogeography. During regional transgressions in Late Devonian, Early Permian, Middle Triassic and Late Jurassic, deposited source rocks with marine organic matter and excellent generation potential. However in the regression periods, during the short-term transgressions, formed Lower Carboniferous, Upper Permian, Induan, Olenekian and Late Triassic source rocks with mixed and terrestrial organic matter and good potential. Upper Devonian shales contain up to 20.6% (average – 3%) of marine organic matter, have an excellent potential and is predicted on the Eastern-Barents megabasin. Upper Devonian source rocks are in the oil window on the steps, platforms and monoclines, while are overmature in the basins. Lower Permian shale-carbonate source rock is enriched with marine organic matter (up to 4%, average – 1.4%) and has a good end excellent potential. Lower Permian source rocks distribute over the entire Barents shelf and also in the North-Kara basin (Akhmatov Fm). These rocks enter the gas window in the Barents Sea shelf, the oil window on the highs and platforms and are immature in the North-Kara basin. Middle Triassic shales contain up to 11.2% of organic matter, there is a significant lateral variability of the features: an excellent generation potential and marine organic matter on the western Barents Sea and poor potential and terrestrial organic matter in the eastern Barents Sea. Middle Triassic source rocks are in the oil window; in the depocenters it generates gas. Upper Jurassic black shales are enriched with marine and mixed organic matter (up to 27,9%, average – 7.3%) and have an excellent potential. On the most Barents-Kara Sea shelf, Upper Jurassic source rock are immature, but are in the oil window in the South-Kara basin and in the deepest parts of the Barents Sea shelf.
22
McCulloch, J. S. G. "All our yesterdays: a hydrological retrospective." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2007): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-3-2007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. This paper traces the development and eventual recognition of hydrology as a scientific subject in its own right in the UK and, later, in the European Geophysical Society (EGS), now the European Geosciences Union (EGU). In the early 1960s, to facilitate decisions of executive government departments in meeting the rapidly increasing demand for industrial and domestic water supplies, a small Hydrological Research Unit (HRU) was established by the UK Department of Scientific and Industrial Research(DSIR) to investigate the comparative water use of forested and grassed upland catchments. These small beginnings in the HRU developed in a few years into the highly multi-disciplinary Institute of Hydrology (IH) as a source of independent advice for policy makers, with a capability to undertake longer term research, monitoring and data collection than was feasible in individual government departments or in the universities. Within IH, the range of specialities included not only engineering, physics, geography, geology, meteorology and instrumentation but also pollution, plant physiology, ecology, chemistry and economics. Said quickly in retrospect, the trajectory of the growth of IH seems smooth but, in reality, it masked many struggles between competing disciplines and departments before hydrology was recognised as a subject in its own right – the science of water.
23
Yoder, Jr., H. "Norman L. Bowen (1887-1956), Mit Class of 1912, First Predoctoral Fellow of the Geophysical Laboratory." Earth Sciences History 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.11.1.u8w2610560328526.
Full textAbstract:
One of the great pioneers in experimental petrology, Norman Levi Bowen bridged geology and physical chemistry. Trained at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, where he received prizes in both mineralogy and chemistry, he then studied under Reginald A. Daly at MIT. On the advice of T. A. Jaggar and with the encouragement of C. H. Warren of MIT, he undertook an experimental thesis study on the nepheline-anorthite system at the Geophysical Laboratory on the suggestion of its director. A. L. Day. Bowen was the first Predoctoral Fellow of the Laboratory. The results were accepted by MIT as partial fulfillment of the Ph. D. degree in 1912, the third Ph. D. degree to be issued by their Department of Geology. By the end of 1912, Bowen had six field seasons and eight publications to his credit. Within the next three years he laid out the physico-chemical methodology for the solution of problems in igneous petrology in "The later stages of the evolution of the igneous rocks." The greatness of Norman Levi Bowen stems from his clear exposition of physicochemical principles and their application to major complex geological field problems.
24
Pretorius, C. C., W. F. Trewick, A. Fourie, and C. Irons. "Application of 3-D seismics to mine planning at Vaal Reefs gold mine, number 10 shaft, Republic of South Africa." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 6 (November 2000): 1862–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444870.
Full textAbstract:
During 1994, a 3-D seismic reflection survey was undertaken at Vaal Reefs No. 10 shaft with the objective of mapping the detailed structure of the Ventersdorp contact reef gold orebody. This would provide vital input into future mine planning and development. The survey benefitted from 10 years of 2-D seismic experience and one previous 3-D mine survey, conducted in the Witwatersrand Basin. The seismic survey at No. 10 shaft accurately and spectacularly delineated the 3-D structure of the Ventersdorp contact reef at depths ranging from 1000 to 3500 m, imaging faults with throws in the 20- to 1200-m range. The resultant structure plans were satisfactorily validated by subsequent surface drilling and underground mapping mining operations during the period 1994 to 1996. These plans have been merged with drillhole, underground, and sampling data into an integrated mine modeling, gold reserve estimation, and mine scheduling package. The geology department now manages the planning function at No. 10 shaft, and 3-D seismics has played a significant role in placing this important responsibility firmly within the geologists’ domain. Building on the success of the No. 10 shaft survey, two other 3-D seismic surveys were concluded over mines during 1996 and 1997.
25
McClure, N. M. "Earth, Universe, Cosmos. S. Warren Carey, 1996. A4 paperback. 231 pp., 127 figs. Produced and distributed by Geology Department, University of Tasmania. GPO Box 252-79 Hobart, Tasmania, Australia 7001.Price: A$45 (+ A$20 2nd class airmail postage)." First Break 15, no. 3 (March 1997): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2397.1997.00006.x.
Full text
26
Mazaheri, Ahmad R., Mehdi Komasi, Majid Veisi, and Masoud Nasiri. "Dynamic analysis of earth dam using numerical method – a case study: Doyraj earth dam." Acta Geotechnica Slovenica 18, no. 1 (2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/actageotechslov.18.1.65-78.2021.
Full textAbstract:
The precise study of the response of earth dams to earthquakes is one of the most complex issues in the field of soil structures. In this research, dynamic analysis of earth dam structures (a case study: Doyraj dam in the west of Iran) have been performed using 2D Finite Difference Method (2D F.D.M.). The aim of this study is to investigate accelerations, lateral (horizontal) and vertical displacements (i.e. settlements) due to earthquake occurrence. The results of dynamic analysis indicate that the performance of the dam is satisfactory for each one of the seismic scenarios considered in this investigation. The maximum settlements at the dam crest is considerably smaller than that of the dam freeboard, with maximum value of 540 mm, which is comparable to recommendation of the Department of Safety of Dams (DSOD). Depth of sliding surfaces is better shown in the Finn model, and the settlements based on the Finn model is about 2.5 times higher than that of Mohr model. In contrast to what is commonly accepted about earthquake acceleration (the increase in earthquake acceleration from the base to the top of the dam), it cannot generalize to all cases, and it can be limited to very strong dams or can be related to poor earthquakes.
27
Mirlin, E. G., and S. A. Sviridov. "CELEBRATING THE 85th JUBILEE OF MARINE GEOPHYSICIST, DR. LAZAR KOGAN." Journal of Oceanological Research 48, no. 2 (August 28, 2020): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2020.48(2).17.
Full textAbstract:
The author, Dr. Lazar Kogan, who dedicated the previous article to the anniversary of geophysicist Professor Yuri Neprochnov, will have anniversary on his own – he turn 85 years on September 12, 2020. He, like Yuri Neprochnov, was born in Tashkent in 1935, where he graduated from high school in 1953. After school, on the advice his older friend of Yuri Neprochnov, Kogan decided to pursue profession of geological science, and he entered Geological Department of Tashkent Polytechnic Institute, which he graduated in 1958 with the qualification of a mining engineer - geophysicist. In 1967, he completes his qualification work and receives a Ph.D. In 1986, he defends his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences at the All-Union Research Institute of Oceanic Geology, specializing in seismic profiling of deep geological layers. From 1958 to 2015 worked as a marine geophysicist at the seas and World Ocean and since 2015, he works, as consultant is seismic geological surveillance. During his scientific career, Dr. Kogan participated in more than 40 scientific expeditions, some of which he directed himself. He published about 150 scientific works and 7 monographs.
28
Eakins, Barry W., Margot L. Bohan, Andrew A. Armstrong, Meredith Westington, Jennifer Jencks, Elliot Lim, Susan J. McLean, and Robin R. Warnken. "NOAA's Role in Defining the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf." Marine Technology Society Journal 49, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.49.2.17.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe legal continental shelf is a maritime zone that typically goes out to 200 nautical miles from shore. It may, however, be extended beyond 200 nautical miles, based in part on the morphology of the continental margin. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea sets forth the requirements for how coastal countries can legally define such an extended continental shelf (ECS), within which they may manage the natural resources on and below the seabed. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), along with the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of State, is working to map, analyze, and define the seaward extent of the U.S. ECS. New advances in maritime technologies, such as improved multibeam echosounders, and associated visualization and analysis software aid in this effort by enabling project scientists to better understand seafloor geomorphology and interpret local and regional geologic processes. Marine geophysical data collected during this project are publicly available, benefiting the broader scientific community and public through timely data access and long-term preservation. To date, NOAA has led more than 30 high-resolution surveys and mapped more than 2 million square kilometers of sea floor in support of the U.S. ECS effort. New discoveries have been made during these surveys, and the data have contributed to better understanding of the morphology and geology of the U.S. continental margins.
29
Holmes, William T., Nicolas Luco, and Fred Turner. "Application of the Recommendations of the Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission to the Design, Construction, and Evaluation of Buildings and Seismic Risk Mitigation Policies in the United States." Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 1 (February 2014): 427–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/030613eqs064m.
Full textAbstract:
An unprecedented level of data concerning building performance in the Canterbury earthquake sequence of 2010–2011 has been collected by the Canterbury Earthquake Royal Commission of Inquiry. In addition to data from a technical investigation undertaken by the New Zealand Department of Building and Housing on four specific buildings, the Royal Commission has collected data from many other invited reports, international peer reviews of reports, submitted testimony, and oral testimony and examination at public hearings. Contained in the Commission's seven-volume final report are 189 specific recommendations for improvements in design codes and standards, hazard mitigation policy, post-earthquake building safety and occupancy tagging, and other topics. Some of these recommendations are unique to New Zealand's system of government, engineering practice, or codes and standards, but many are applicable in the United States.
30
Hwang, J. S., L. H. Sheng, and J. H. Gates. "Practical Analysis of Bridges on Isolation Bearings with Bi-Linear Hysteresis Characteristics." Earthquake Spectra 10, no. 4 (November 1994): 705–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585794.
Full textAbstract:
Various equivalent elastic models specified in current bridge engineering practices for the seismic analysis of base-isolated bridges are summarized and evaluated. Two additional methods proposed by the California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS) are validated based on their predictions of the maximum inelastic seismic responses of base-isolated bridges. The CALTRANS proposed methods are implemented with an empirical model for the determinations of the effective stiffness and equivalent viscous damping ratios of isolation units and base-isolated bridges. A modal strain energy method combined with the concept of component energy ratio is utilized to formulate the “composite damping ratio” of an entire base-isolated bridge. A five-span regular bridge subjected to four design earthquakes and ten recorded ground motions is employed to investigate the accuracy of prediction using various equivalent elastic methods.
31
Hutchinson, Tara C., and Ting Wang. "Gas Flow Rate through Damaged Low Aspect Ratio Shearwalls." Earthquake Spectra 26, no. 3 (August 2010): 685–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3459147.
Full textAbstract:
Squat reinforced concrete (RC) shearwalls are often used to contain nuclear material or other dangerous gases in the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) complex. Damage to such walls can be expected even during minor earthquake shaking. The escape of dangerous gases post-event is therefore of concern. In this paper, the flow rate of air through damaged squat RC walls is analytically predicted for a broad range of structural configurations, loading conditions, and concrete compressive strengths at different differential pressures. Design charts relating shearwall lateral drift ratio and air leakage rate are presented. Among the parameters considered in this study, the shearwall boundary element size has the most significant effect on the flow rate. The paper concludes with a design example demonstrating the use of the design charts.
32
Comerio, Mary C., and Howard E. Blecher. "Estimating Downtime from Data on Residential Buildings after the Northridge and Loma Prieta Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 26, no. 4 (November 2010): 951–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3477993.
Full textAbstract:
The performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) methodology developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) center uses data from recent earthquakes to calibrate its loss models. This paper describes a detailed review of building department permit data from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Although the data is limited to wood-framed residential structures, it provides some insight into the length of time between an event and re-occupancy. Based on a review of approximately 4,900 records, the typical repair of damaged multifamily residential buildings required two years and building replacement required almost four years. When this data is supplemented with additional case studies from other events, the capacity to better calibrate downtime models will improve, particularly if construction-repair times are separated from estimates of the time gap between closure and start-of-repair.
33
Silva, Pedro F., and Sri Sritharan. "Seismic Performance of a Concrete Bridge Bent Consisting of Three Steel Shell Columns." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 1 (February 2011): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3525919.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the performance of a full-scale, three-column concrete bridge bent test unit that was designed, constructed, and tested under simulated in- plane seismic loads. Representing a typical bent configuration used by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, the test unit employed 12.7-mm-thick steel shell concrete columns and evaluated adequacy of an improved beam-to-column joint design procedure. The steel shell served as the external reinforcement and formwork for the columns. As intended, plastic hinges were fully developed in the columns adjacent to the interface with the cap beam, with minimal damage occurring to the cap beam and joints due to simulated seismic actions. These observations, along with the recorded force-displacement hysteretic response, confirmed the desirable seismic performance of the test unit. Design details, analytical response, test observations, key experimental results, and design recommendations are presented.
34
Decanini, Luis, Giacomo Di Pasquale, Paolo Galli, Fabrizio Mollaioli, and Tito Sanò. "Seismic Hazard and Seismic Zonation of the Region Affected by the 2002 Molise, Italy, Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 20, no. 1_suppl (July 2004): 131–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1771012.
Full textAbstract:
In 1998, a new system of seismic classification promoted by the Department of Civil Protection identified the area in Italy hit by the 2002 earthquake in Molise and Puglia as a Zone 2 (moderately seismic). However, this classification was not adopted until March 2003, when an ordinance passed that partially closed the gap between scientific knowledge and official recognition of seismic hazard and that established a method for constantly updating the classification in the future. This paper reviews some of the methods available to assess the seismic hazard, particularly referring to the rich seismic history of Italy and using the “Associated Seismic Area” concept. This study confirms that the area affected by this earthquake should be considered as Zone 2. An appendix presents data on the seismic risk of existing buildings in the area and concludes that it is high for masonry buildings and that a strengthening program is needed.
35
Harvey, P. S., S. K. Heinrich, and K. K. Muraleetharan. "A Framework for Post-Earthquake Response Planning in Emerging Seismic Regions: An Oklahoma Case Study." Earthquake Spectra 34, no. 2 (May 2018): 503–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/053117eqs100m.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a framework for establishing post-earthquake response protocols in regions facing emerging seismic hazards through a case study of Oklahoma bridges. First, it establishes the need for new attenuation models for the Oklahoma area because of the poor fit of current attenuation models. Then, two methods are established to inspect bridges after an earthquake: smart inspection radii and ShakeCast. The smart radii use a modified version of the Campbell (2003) attenuation model to determine seismic demand and a trigger S1 value to represent bridge capacity. This trigger S1 value is validated by calculating slight HAZUS fragility curves for past earthquakes. ShakeCast is an online resource from USGS that uses real-time ground motion data (i.e., a ShakeMap) as seismic demand and modified HAZUS fragility curves to represent bridge capacity. Because of better-informed data on the ground shaking levels, ShakeCast recommends significantly fewer inspections than inspection radii, translating to cost savings for the Oklahoma Department of Transportation.
36
Liel, Abbie B., Ross B. Corotis, Guido Camata, Jeannette Sutton, Rose Holtzman, and Enrico Spacone. "Perceptions of Decision-Making Roles and Priorities that Affect Rebuilding after Disaster: The Example of L'Aquila, Italy." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 3 (August 2013): 843–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000158.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines decision making for recovery and reconstruction in L'Aquila, Italy, over the one-year period following the 6 April 2009 earthquake. The paper focuses on local and national perceptions of government response to the earthquake, community involvement in reconstruction decision processes, the establishment of rebuilding priorities, and prospects for future seismic risk reduction. Data were collected through 23 semi-structured, face-to-face key informant interviews with local leaders (including community, building industry, and government representatives) and 4 interviews with national leaders. Findings show that although local leaders were satisfied with the Department of Civil Protection's emergency response, there was frustration with funding and priorities for permanent rebuilding. Public involvement in decision making varied by community, but in most cases was limited, leading local leaders to express distrust in government and national leadership and their decisions. The case study also illustrates the importance of authority and resource coordination between the national and local levels.
37
Padgett, Jamie E., and Reginald DesRoches. "Bridge Functionality Relationships for Improved Seismic Risk Assessment of Transportation Networks." Earthquake Spectra 23, no. 1 (February 2007): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2431209.
Full textAbstract:
Relationships between bridge damage and the resulting loss of functionality of the bridge are critical to assessing the impact of an earthquake event on the performance of the transportation network. This study addresses this data need by use of a Web-based survey of central and southeastern U.S. Department of Transportation bridge inspectors and officials. Results of the 28 responses are analyzed and offer a link between various types of bridge component damage and the expected level of allowable traffic carrying capacity due to closure decisions and repair procedures. This data is utilized to assess the probability of meeting various damage states, expressed in terms of restoration of functionality, and subsequently facilitate the refinement of component limit-state capacities for analytical fragility curve development. The bridge functionality relationships and methodology outlined serve as the basis for refinement of critical tools in the seismic risk assessment framework and improved assessment of transportation network performance.
38
KROCHAK, Maryna. "МEMORIES ON THE FIELD COURSE IN GEOLOGICAL MAPPING." Ukrainian Geologist, no. 1-2(44-45) (June 30, 2021): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53087/ug.2021.1-2(44-45).238970.
Full textAbstract:
This article is a memory of the field course in geological mapping. It was a part of studying process of the author while her education at the Geology & Geophysics Department, Novosibirsk University. The practice took place in the 80s of the last century in the steppe region of the Khakassia Autonomous Region (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia) at the university’s geological training camp. The article features a technique of creating a geological map of the site. Geological strata were distinguished by lithological features. However, the instructors did not indicate the real geological age of the deposits to the students because it was believed that such information is unnecessary for them. The main task of students was to master the methods of geological mapping of an unknown territory. Students covered the site with routes along the cross of the strike of sediments. Students had to recognize these sediments, determine the area of their distribution, divide them into stratigraphic horizons and give them their own names. Then students marked the boundaries of the rock layers at outcrops and the elements of their occurrence on the topographic base. This original teaching method gave a positive result. Students have developed a geological map of the training site where certain stratigraphic horizons were shown with real bedding elements. This approach contributed to the independent creative work of students. Students felt themselves like pioneer geologists who came to this territory for the first time, conducted geological mapping and gave names to geological strata that are exposed. In addition, this method excluded the possibility of cheating and copying the existing real geological map. The article presents memories of the young nineteen-year-old student’s perception of the features of field geology, expeditionary life and collective work. With a certain degree of self-irony the author brings his thoughts, feelings and impressions of nature. The experience gained during this field practice has become the basis of the author’s professional skills and now helps us in educational process.
39
Biasi, Glenn, Mohammed Saeed Mohammed, and David H. Sanders. "Earthquake Damage Estimations: ShakeCast Case Study on Nevada Bridges." Earthquake Spectra 33, no. 1 (February 2017): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/121815eqs185m.
Full textAbstract:
This case study evaluates the vulnerability of Nevada bridges relative to earthquake hazard using two different methods. First, a distributed set of 112 realistic earthquake scenarios were processed with USGS program ShakeMap, and site-specific ground motion levels extracted for 1831 bridges in Nevada using ShakeCast. Second, using hazard curves underlying the 2014 USGS National Seismic Hazard Map (NSHM), return periods for earthquakes causing extensive damage to bridges were extracted and compared to the 1000-year design level adopted by the AASHTO. Lower capacities than those used in ShakeCast were proposed for five continuous bridge types based on a literature review. Scenarios provide points in a deterministic seismic hazard approach, with large earthquakes on known faults. NSHM hazard curves are based on a probabilistic approach. A graphical method is presented to unite the two approaches. A list of potentially vulnerable bridges was developed for Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) use in bridge retrofit planning. As a continuing benefit, ShakeCast now operates in Nevada to provide near-real-time inspection priorities in the event of a serious earthquake.
40
Di Ludovico, Marco, Anna Chiaradonna, Emilio Bilotta, Alessandro Flora, and Andrea Prota. "Empirical damage and liquefaction fragility curves from 2012 Emilia earthquake data." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 507–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019891713.
Full textAbstract:
The study focuses on the effects of liquefaction on structures taken from data on about 1000 private residential masonry buildings located in several municipalities struck by the 2012 Emilia earthquake. Survey data were collected by teams of experts coordinated by the Italian Department of Civil Protection in the immediate post-earthquake emergency phase. They included information on building characteristics and the level and extent of the damage to structural and non-structural components. Furthermore, according to data related to the reconstruction process, information on the liquefaction-induced type and extent of the damage was also collected. Through a comparative analysis of the empirical damage, it was found that liquefaction strongly affected the buildings, confirming its relevance in the damage scenario under specific subsoil conditions. Based on this evidence, the article proposes a correlation between structural damage and liquefaction when it comes to deriving proper preliminary empirical fragility curves. A suitable parameter to define liquefaction effects at ground level is introduced and correlated to damage grades defined according to the European Macroseismic Scale: EMS-98.
41
Gómez, Julián L., Danilo R. Velis, and Juan I. Sabbione. "Noise suppression in 2D and 3D seismic data with data-driven sifting algorithms." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): V1—V10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0099.1.
Full textAbstract:
We have developed an empirical-mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm for effective suppression of random and coherent noise in 2D and 3D seismic amplitude data. Unlike other EMD-based methods for seismic data processing, our approach does not involve the time direction in the computation of the signal envelopes needed for the iterative sifting process. Instead, we apply the sifting algorithm spatially in the inline-crossline plane. At each time slice, we calculate the upper and lower signal envelopes by means of a filter whose length is adapted dynamically at each sifting iteration according to the spatial distribution of the extrema. The denoising of a 3D volume is achieved by removing the most oscillating modes of each time slice from the noisy data. We determine the performance of the algorithm by using three public-domain poststack field data sets: one 2D line of the well-known Alaska 2D data set, available from the US Geological Survey; a subset of the Penobscot 3D volume acquired offshore by the Nova Scotia Department of Energy, Canada; and a subset of the Stratton 3D land data from South Texas, available from the Bureau of Economic Geology at the University of Texas at Austin. The results indicate that random and coherent noise, such as footprint signatures, can be mitigated satisfactorily, enhancing the reflectors with negligible signal leakage in most cases. Our method, called empirical-mode filtering (EMF), yields improved results compared to other 2D and 3D techniques, such as [Formula: see text] EMD filter, [Formula: see text] deconvolution, and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] adaptive prediction filtering. EMF exploits the flexibility of EMD on seismic data and is presented as an efficient and easy-to-apply alternative for denoising seismic data with mild to moderate structural complexity.
42
Scott, Stanley. "Earthquake Engineering: Observations from California's Experience." Earthquake Spectra 8, no. 1 (February 1992): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585674.
Full textAbstract:
A building's structural quality and seismic resistance are determined by decisions at each step in design, construction, management and maintenance. Key determinants are design-team skills, grasp of seismic-design issues, and ability to communicate with each other and the owner. In seismic regions, the design of all structures should incorporate adequate resistance to earthquake forces. First in the process come the crucial early decisions on a structure's budget, configuration, siting, and design. Major or critical structures should have their designs peer reviewed. Construction of all significant structures should be observed and inspected by qualified personnel who report to the owner. Plan checking and inspection by the building department should verify code compliance. Good construction work complying with design intent and detail will help assure a quality building that should perform as expected. After a building is put in use, its serviceability and life will be affected by the way it is operated, maintained and remodelled. At each step, effective strategies for applying knowledge increase the chances of success. Conclusions and appendix questions suggest further study and action useful in any seismic region to help assure actual compliance with goals discussed.
43
Trifunac, Mihailo D., Maria I. Todorovska, and Vincent W. Lee. "The Rinaldi Strong Motion Accelerogram of the Northridge, California Earthquake of 17 January 1994." Earthquake Spectra 14, no. 1 (February 1998): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585997.
Full textAbstract:
The Rinaldi record of the 1994 Northridge earthquake is one of the most important strong motion records in earthquake engineering (largest recorded horizontal peak ground velocity in the western United States, ∼170 cm/s). Digitization of this record was not straightforward because of numerous stalls and malfunction of the half-second pulse relays. It was digitized and processed for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power soon after the earthquake, and was recently redigitized and reprocessed. This paper presents the results of the recent digitization and processing and a comparison of the two digital versions of the record. The “new” version differs from the “old” version in the number of stalls corrected for (17 versus one stall), total length of digitized traces (∼20 s versus ∼15 s), and amplitudes of some high frequency acceleration peaks (in the “old” version, some high frequency peaks have been underestimated). The peak amplitudes of corrected acceleration, velocity and displacement, and the linear response spectrum amplitudes are not significantly different. However, the two digital interpretations have different time scales, because of the difference in the number of stalls accounted for.
44
Sánchez-Silva, Mauricio, Luis E. Yamín, and Bernardo Caicedo. "Lessons of the 25 January 1999 Earthquake in Central Colombia." Earthquake Spectra 16, no. 2 (May 2000): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586123.
Full textAbstract:
On January 25, 1999, an earthquake of magnitude ML = 6.1 occurred in central Colombia, which caused 1,200 deaths, 5,000 injuries, more than 250,000 people affected and economic losses estimated at US$1.2 billion. The earthquake left some important lessons that must be taken into account for the management of similar situations in the future. With respect to the behavior of buildings, the soundness and importance of the code of practice for buildings was demonstrated as a tool for the prevention of seismic disasters. The management of the emergency in cities such as Pereira and Armenia showed the need for planning, continued preparedness and mitigation awareness. The importance of the Colombian Prevention and Disaster Attention System (SNPAD) was demonstrated although the need to enhance organizational aspects, citizen awareness and participation was made evident. The characteristics of the disaster reflect a typical situation that can occur in many Latin American cities located in areas of high seismic risk. This article presents the main lessons learned from this event in the light of work performed by the research team for natural disasters from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the Universidad de Los Andes.
45
Ranf, R. T., M. O. Eberhard, and S. Malone. "Post-earthquake Prioritization of Bridge Inspections." Earthquake Spectra 23, no. 1 (February 2007): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2428313.
Full textAbstract:
Bridge damage reports from the 2001 Nisqually earthquake were correlated with estimates of ground-motion intensity at each bridge site (obtained from ShakeMaps) and with bridge properties listed in the Washington State Bridge Inventory. Of the ground-motion parameters considered, the percentage of bridges damaged correlated best with the spectral acceleration at a period of 0.3 s. Bridges constructed before the 1940s, movable bridges, and older trusses were particularly vulnerable. These bridge types were underestimated by the HAZUS procedure, which categorizes movable bridges and older trusses as “other” bridges. An inspection prioritization strategy was developed that combines ShakeMaps, the bridge inventory and newly developed fragility curves. For the Nisqually earthquake, this prioritization strategy would have made it possible to identify 80% of the moderately damaged bridges by inspecting only 481 (14%) of the 3,407 bridges within the boundaries of the ShakeMap. To identify these bridges using a prioritization strategy based solely on epicentral distance, it would have been necessary to inspect 1,447 (42%) bridges. To help the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) rapidly identify damaged bridges, the prioritization procedure has been incorporated within the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) ground-motion processing and notification software.
46
Sheehan, Anne F., Thomas De La Torre, Gaspar Monsalve, Vera Schulte-Pelkum, Roger Bilham, Frederick Blume, Rebecca Bendick, et al. "Earthquakes and crustal structure of Himalaya from Himalayan Nepal-Tibet seismic experiment (HIMNT)." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 38 (September 24, 2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v38i0.31466.
Full textAbstract:
The Himalayan Nepal - Tibet PASSCAL Seismic Experiment (HIMNT) included the deployment of 28 broadband seismometers throughout eastern Nepal and southern Tibet in 2001- 2002. The main goals of the project were to better understand the mountain building processes of this region through studies of seismicity and Earth structure determined from local and teleseismic earthquakes. The seismic deployment was in collaboration with the National Seismological Centre, Department of Mines and Geology, Nepal, and the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Our new subsurface images from HIMNT teleseismic receiver functions and local earthquake tomography show evidence of the basal decollement of the Himalaya (Main Himalayan Thrust, MHT) and an increase in Moho depth from - 45 km beneath Nepal to -75 km beneath Tibet. We find strong seismic anisotropy above the decollement, likely developed in response to shear on the MHT. The shear may be taken up as slip in great earthquakes at shallower depths. Many local earthquakes were recorded during the deployment, and the large contrast in crustal thickness and velocity structure over a small lateral distance makes the use of a 3D velocity model important to determine accurate hypocentres. Large north-south variations are found in P and S wave velocity structure across the array. High Pn velocities are found beneath southern Tibet. Seismicity shows strong alignment of shallow (15-25 km depth) events beneath the region of highest relief along the Himalayan Front, and a cluster of upper mantle earthquakes beneath southern Tibet (70-90 km depth). Weak-mantle models do not expect the upper mantle earthquakes. Focal mechanisms of these upper mantle earthquakes beneath southern Tibet are mostly strike-slip, markedly different from the norm al faulting mechanisms observed for earthquakes in the mid and upper crust beneath Tibet. This change in the orientation of the major horizontal compression axis from vertical in the upper crust to horizontal in the upper mantle suggests a transition from deformation driven by body forces in the crust to plate boundary forces in the upper mantle. Several lines of evidence point to a decoupling zone in the Tibetan mid or lower crust, which may be related to the presence of a previously suggested flow channel in the Tibetan mid crust.
47
Barrows, Larry, and John D. Fett. "A high‐precision gravity survey in the Delaware Basin of southeastern New Mexico." GEOPHYSICS 50, no. 5 (May 1985): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1441957.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1974, the Department of Energy has been studying bedded salt deposits in southeastern New Mexico as a possible location for disposing of defense‐generated transuranic and low‐level radioactive wastes. The program, known as the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, includes intensive geologic characterization of about [Formula: see text] and construction of an underground test facility. The gravity survey reported here is part of the geologic site characterization. The gravity survey was conducted to delineate structural features near and at the proposed site. However, during the survey the gravity field was found to be dominated by effects of lateral density variations within relatively flat‐lying strata. Particularly distinctive is a pattern of elongate negative anomalies about one‐half mGal in amplitude. Boreholes in the anomalies encountered normal stratigraphy and no unusual geologic structures. However, borehole densilogs showed lower densities and uphole velocity surveys showed lower acoustic velocities than are measured outside of the anomalies. The low densities adequately account for the observed gravity anomalies. The regional stratigraphy contains water‐soluble minerals (halite, polyhalite, anhydrite‐gypsum, carbonates). Much of this material has dissolved and the region has been identified as a karstland. At the site, dissolution is slowly affecting the Rustler formation overlying the main salt‐bearing units. The low rock densities, associated with the negative gravity anomalies, are interpreted as due to alteration in the vicinity of solution conduits within the Rustler formation. This interpretation is supported by (1) partial coincidence between the negative gravity anomalies and closed topographic depressions (alluvial dolines); (2) greater anhydrite‐to‐gypsum conversion detected in boreholes within the anomalies; and (3) solution conduits encountered in one of the boreholes.
48
K. G. C. "R. A. Smith 1984. The Lithostratigraphy of the Karoo Supergroup in Botswana. Bulletin 26 of the Geological Survey Department. A report on the geophysical and geological results of follow-up drilling to the Aeromagnetic Survey of Botswana. vii + 239 pp. + 11 charts in folder. Botswana: The Geological Survey Department, Private Bag 14, Lobatse, Botswana. No price stated. No ISBN." Geological Magazine 123, no. 6 (November 1986): 710–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800024328.
Full text
49
Scawthorn, C., T. D. O'Rourke, and F. T. Blackburn. "The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire—Enduring Lessons for Fire Protection and Water Supply." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 2_suppl (April 2006): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2186678.
Full textAbstract:
Prior to 18 April 1906 the San Francisco Fire Department and knowledgeable persons in the insurance industry regarded a conflagration in San Francisco as inevitable. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and ensuing fire is the greatest single fire loss in U.S. history, with 492 city blocks destroyed and life loss now estimated at more than 3,000. This paper describes fire protection practices in the United States prior to 1906; the conditions in San Francisco on the eve of the disaster; ignitions, spread, and convergence of fires that generated the 1906 conflagration; and damage to the water supply system in 1906 that gave impetus to construction of the largest high-pressure water distribution network ever built—San Francisco's Auxiliary Water Supply System (AWSS). In the 1980s hydraulic network and fire simulation modeling identified weaknesses in the fire protection of San Francisco—problems mitigated by an innovative Portable Water Supply System (PWSS), which transports water long distances and helped extinguish the Marina fire during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The AWSS and PWSS concepts have been extended to other communities and provide many lessons, paramount of which is that communities need to develop an integrated disaster preparedness and response capability and be constantly vigilant in maintaining that capability. This lesson is especially relevant to highly seismic regions with large wood building inventories such as the western United States and Japan, which are at great risk of conflagration following an earthquake.
50
Škreblin, Nives. "Spatial Analyses for the City of Zagreb – Planning and Management." Kartografija i geoinformacije 19, no. 33 (June 30, 2020): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32909/kg.19.33.3.
Full textAbstract:
Spatial analyses for the City of Zagreb are mostly produced by the Department for Spatial Information and Research of the Zagreb City Office for Strategic Planning and Development, which is also the coordinator of Zagreb Infrastructure Spatial Data (Croatian acronym: ZIPP). Based on an extensive database, spatial research, analyses, indicators and analytical bases can be accessed for the needs of strategic planners and other users. Examples from practice are described which are publicly available on the web pages of the City of Zagreb, and which were produced at the request of city administrative bodies or private use, from analyses of population density, access to public transport, access to public green spaces, the network of preschool and primary school facilities, strategic city projects, capital investments in buildings for social activities, and public architecture-urbanism tenders, to registering damage after the earthquakes in Zagreb. Spatial analyses provide data which encourage the rational use of spatial resources and informed city administration. New features are interactive web applications with publicly available data which achieve transparency on the part of the city administration. One of the advantages is that they can be refreshed in real time.