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Journal articles on the topic 'Department of Prisons'
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1
Boyle, Otis, and Elizabeth Stanley. "Private prisons and the management of scandal." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 15, no. 1 (October 16, 2017): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659017736097.
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In 2009, the Corrections (Contract Management of Prisons) Amendment Act re-implemented prison privatisation in New Zealand (NZ). Subsequently, ‘Mt Eden’, a public prison, was contracted to Serco and a second prison, ‘Wiri’, was built under contract to the same company. Despite glowing performance reports, Serco’s reputation was significantly damaged when cell-phone video capturing Mt Eden prisoners engaged in fights, in full view of prison officers and CCTV, was uploaded to YouTube in July 2015. An unprecedented stream of media revelations about prisoner mistreatment, corruption and serious human rights violations followed, prompting the Department of Corrections to seize control of the prison. This article examines the potential of this human rights based scandal to challenge the legitimacy of private prisons in NZ. Where previously, prison legitimacy largely revolved around representations of managerialism, security and the maintenance of austere conditions, the revelations at Mt Eden highlighted a moment when penal legitimacy fractured for being too severe and non-humanitarian. Drawing upon analysis of media articles (n = 648) over seven years (2009–2016) from three major sources (the New Zealand Herald, Stuff News and Radio NZ), the article demonstrates how journalists quickly reverted to traditional discursive frames on imprisonment. Representing the crisis as an unfortunate aberration that could be managed through government controls, mainstream media helped to consolidate and ultimately strengthen the legitimacy of the prison in NZ.
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Jain, K. S. Rekh Raj. "Effective and Humane Restoration of Prisoners With Special Reference to India." Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice 3, no. 1 (April 2020): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516606920904296.
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The tail-end of the criminal justice system is the prison. In the era of mass incarceration a question arises how can a prisoner be restored to live a successful life after incarceration? The architecture of restoration of prisoners to begin the movement the prisoner placed under the authority of prison officials. Restoration is not a soft option, as many prisoners find it extremely difficult to face up to the impact of their crimes. The entire prison environment and the stakeholders of the prison department shall be involved in the restorative process. Restoration is the shift from retribution and vengeance to a more human approach. Hence restorative processes shall focus on physical, behavioral, emotional and restoration of dignity. The transition from prison to re-integration into the society after being incarcerated for number of years is the most difficult task for the prisoner. Therefore perseverance of restoration in prisons shall be a continuous process which would be a great investment to everyone. Research and studies across the world reveals that the scale of victimization among the prisons is very high and at time most devasting and India is not an exception. Adoption of restorative restoration approaches and practices in prison setting will not only successfully navigate reentry both into the family and society but also a realistic future and an effectiveness and positive impact outside the prison world. If prison officials want to reduce recidivism it is vital that they ensure effective and humane restoration of prisoners. This paper takes the stock of the current context and aims to bring greater clarity pertinent to the thematic area of concerns regarding effective and humane restoration of prisoners with special reference to India.
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Jewell Bohlinger, B. "Greening the Gulag: Austerity, neoliberalism, and the making of the “green prisoner”." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 4 (October 3, 2019): 1120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619879041.
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Over the past 30 years the U.S. prison population has exploded. With the impact of climate change already here, we are also seeing new critiques of mass incarceration emerge, namely their environmental impact. In response to these burgeoning critiques as well as calls to action by the Justice Department to implement more sustainable and cost-effective strategies in prisons, the United States is experiencing a surge in prison sustainability programs throughout the country. Although sustainability is an important challenge facing the world, this paper argues that while “greening” programs seem like attempts to reform current methods of imprisonment, sustainability programming is an extension of the neoliberalization of incarceration in the United States. By emphasizing cost cutting while individualizing rehabilitation, prisons mobilize sustainability programming to produce “green prisoners” who are willing to take responsibility for their rehabilitation and diminish their economically burdensome behaviors (i.e. excessive wastefulness). Using semi-structure journals and interviews at three Oregon prisons, this paper investigates these ideas through the lens of the Sustainability in Prisons Project.
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Gruss, Valerie, and Memoona Hasnain. "ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF INCARCERATED INMATES WITH DEMENTIA: CREATING DEMENTIA-FRIENDLY PRISONS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1620.
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Abstract U.S. prisons are experiencing a graying of their population, with many older inmates experiencing chronic conditions, including dementia. Older prisoners now represent 10% of the U.S. prison population and 18% of Illinois’ prison population. Aging inmates cost more to incarcerate due to their medical needs. Bureau of Prisons data estimate $881 million (19%) of its budget was spent to incarcerate aging inmates. Prisons are seeking solutions to address the unmet needs of older inmates, especially those with dementia. These older inmates with dementia face discrimination and exploitation within the prison population, and Correction Officers and clinicians lack training to understand and address their complex needs. Utilizing the Alzheimer’s Association’s, ACT on Alzheimer’s Toolkit we implemented four phases guiding communities’ adoption of dementia-friendly practices: we convened meetings with Illinois Department of Correction leaders, assessed community strengths and gaps by surveying prison wardens, analyzed findings and created an action plan to provide dementia training of prison staff to create a dementia friendly community. Our “Dementia-Friendly Prisons” program trains prison staff on understanding and providing supportive care and management to inmates with dementia, enabling staff to meet inmates’ needs, thereby creating an environment where inmates with dementia are safe and treated respectfully. Our program used an Appreciative Inquiry Four-D cycle approach (Discover-Dream-Design-Destiny) to engage and empower learners from a highly diverse workforce to develop into collaborative teams. Our program remedies a problem in the delivery of prison healthcare, serving a particularly vulnerable population and creates an adaptable model for other prisons and communities.
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Birmingham, Luke. "Screening prisoners for psychiatric illness: who benefits?" Psychiatric Bulletin 25, no. 12 (December 2001): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.25.12.462.
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Until recently the provision of health care within prisons was the sole responsibility of the prison service. The Prison Health Service (formerly known as the Prison Medical Service) is the oldest civilian medical service in Britain. In addition to being much older than the NHS the Prison Health Service is much smaller, less well developed and less well resourced. Prison health care was coordinated by the Directorate of Health Care at the Home Office; the Department of Health and the NHS had no direct input. As a result, prisoners were afforded a standard of health care well below that provided by the NHS, and without radical reform there was little prospect of improvement. However, in recent years things have begun to change and last year collaboration between the prison service and the NHS resulted in the creation of a partnership between these two organisations (Joint Prison Service and NHS Executive Working Group, 1999). Although the intention is to improve health care standards for prisoners, the formal nature of this partnership also has the effect of making the NHS more directly responsible for health care in prisons.
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Sipahi, Ali. "Convict Labor in Turkey, 1936–1953: A Capitalist Corporation in the State?" International Labor and Working-Class History 90 (2016): 244–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000144.
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AbstractThe article proposes the institutional analysis of convict labor as an alternative to both (profit-oriented) economic and (discipline-oriented) political explanations. The specialized labor-based prisons in Turkey from 1936 to 1953 are brought to light by archival research and are presented here as a rich case to discuss the experiential/subjective conditions of unfree labor regimes and the structural effects of institutions on the convicts’ experiences. I argue that the state department responsible for prison labor in Turkey was transformed into a capitalist corporation with bureaucratic management, and the target of convict labor system was neither profit nor discipline, but the creation of the corporate bureaucracy itself. As a consequence, both for prisoners and for the prison staff, labor-based prisons appeared as privileged places. Hence, unfree labor was volunteered.
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EICHENTHAL, DAVID R., and LAUREL BLATCHFORD. "Prison Crime in New York State." Prison Journal 77, no. 4 (December 1997): 456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855597077004005.
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The lack of attention devoted to crimes committed in prisons is striking given the important implications of the problem both for prison management and for public safety. This study examines reporting of crimes, referrals for prosecution and actual prosecution of crimes committed in New York State prisons. The authors find that there is no accurate means of tracking either prison crimes or prosecutions. But based on interviews, a review of state correctional department data, and a survey of prosecutors in more than one dozen counties where state prisons are located, they conclude that as many as 6,000 crimes may be committed annually in the New York State prison system. Yet few of these crimes are referred for prosecution or actually prosecuted.
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Azbel, Lyuba, Yevgeny Grishaev, Jeffrey A. Wickersham, Olena Chernova, Sergey Dvoryak, Maxim Polonsky, and Frederick L. Altice. "Trials and tribulations of conducting bio-behavioral surveys in prisons: implementation science and lessons from Ukraine." International Journal of Prisoner Health 12, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-10-2014-0041.
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Purpose – Ukraine is home to Europe’s worst HIV epidemic, overwhelmingly fueled by people who inject drugs who face harsh prison sentences. In Ukraine, HIV and other infectious diseases are concentrated in prisons, yet the magnitude of this problem had not been quantified. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the systematic health survey of prisoners in the former Soviet Union (FSU). Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative interviews were carried out with research and prison administrative staff to assess the barriers and facilitators to conducting a bio-behavioral survey in Ukrainian prisons. Findings – Crucial barriers at the institutional, staff, and participant level require addressing by: first, ensuring Prison Department involvement at every stage; second, tackling pre-conceived attitudes about drug addiction and treatment among staff; and third, guaranteeing confidentiality for participants. Originality/value – The burden of many diseases is higher than expected and much higher than in the community. Notwithstanding the challenges, scientifically rigorous bio-behavioral surveys are attainable in criminal justice systems in the FSU with collaboration and careful consideration of this specific context.
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Meek, John. "Gangs in New Zealand Prisons." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 25, no. 3 (December 1992): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589202500304.
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Gangs became a permanent feature of New Zealand prisons during the 1980s. Surveys indicate that more than 20% of inmates have past or present gang affiliations. This article looks at the gang phenomenon both in the community and in prisons. A case study looking at the impact of gangs at Auckland Maximum Security Prison (Paremoremo) is included; a unique inmate subculture was destroyed and inter-gang conflict resulted in the prison being run on a unit basis. Using information from the 1989prison census, including unpublished material, the article examines the level of gang membership and compares gang members and unaffiliated inmates over a range of variables. Gang members were found to be more likely to be younger, classified as requiring medium or maximum security custody, convicted of violent offences and serving longer sentences. The article also looks at management approaches to gangs in prisons and a fresh approach being adopted by the Department of Justice.
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Myers, Helen, Leonie Segal, Derrick Lopez, Ian W. Li, and David B. Preen. "Impact of family-friendly prison policies on health, justice and child protection outcomes for incarcerated mothers and their dependent children: a cohort study protocol." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e016302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016302.
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IntroductionFemale imprisonment has numerous health and social sequelae for both women prisoners and their children. Examples of comprehensive family-friendly prison policies that seek to improve the health and social functioning of women prisoners and their children exist but have not been evaluated. This study will determine the impact of exposure to a family-friendly prison environment on health, child protection and justice outcomes for incarcerated mothers and their dependent children.Methods and analysisA longitudinal retrospective cohort design will be used to compare outcomes for mothers incarcerated at Boronia Pre-release Centre, a women’s prison with a dedicated family-friendly environment, and their dependent children, with outcomes for mothers incarcerated at other prisons in Western Australia (that do not offer this environment) and their dependent children. Routinely collected administrative data from 1985 to 2013 will be used to determine child and mother outcomes such as hospital admissions, emergency department presentations, custodial sentences, community service orders and placement in out-of home care. The sample consists of all children born in Western Australia between 1 January 1985 and 31 December 2011 who had a mother in a West Australian prison between 1990 and 2012 and their mothers. Children are included if they were alive and aged less than 18 years at the time of their mother’s incarceration. The sample comprises an exposed group of 665 women incarcerated at Boronia and their 1714 dependent children and a non-exposed comparison sample of 2976 women incarcerated at other West Australian prisons and their 7186 dependent children, creating a total study sample of 3641 women and 8900 children.Ethics and disseminationThis project received ethics approval from the Western Australian Department of Health Human Research Ethics Committee, the Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee and the University of Western Australia Human Research Ethics Committee.
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Kubiak, Sheryl Pimlott, Hannah Brenner, Deborah Bybee, Rebecca Campbell, and Gina Fedock. "Reporting Sexual Victimization During Incarceration: Using Ecological Theory as a Framework to Inform and Guide Future Research." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 19, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838016637078.
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The U.S. Department of Justice estimates that between 149,200 and 209,400 incidents of sexual victimization occur annually in prisons and jails. However, very few individuals experiencing sexual victimization during incarceration report these incidents to correctional authorities. Federal-level policy recommendations derived from the Prison Rape Elimination Act suggest mechanisms for improving reporting as well as standards for the prevention, investigation, and prosecution of prison-based sexual victimization. Despite these policy recommendations, sexual assault persists in prisons and jails, with only 8% of prisoners who experience sexual assault reporting their victimization. This review focuses on gaps in the existing research about what factors influence whether adult victims in incarcerated systems will report that they have been sexually assaulted. Using ecological theory to guide this review, various levels of social ecology are incorporated, illuminating a variety of factors influencing the reporting of sexual victimization during incarceration. These factors include the role of individual-level behavior, assault characteristics, the unique aspects and processes of the prison system, and the social stigma that surrounds individuals involved in the criminal/legal system. This review concludes with recommendations for future research, policy, and practice, informed by an ecological conceptualization of reporting.
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Willison, Judith S. "Characteristics of Violent Crime Committed by Female Prisoners." Violence and Victims 31, no. 3 (2016): 552–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-14-00027.
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This study expands limited existing knowledge of the characteristics of violent crimes for which women in state prisons are incarcerated. An analysis was conducted utilizing survey data collected from female state prisoners by the U.S. Department of Justice for the Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities, 2004. The randomly selected, national sample consisted of 866 female state prisoners. Results suggest that the majority of the violent offenses occurred within the context of a relationship with the victim, most often in a domestic setting, and were influenced by the presence or absence of co-defendants. In addition, the use of weapons was infrequent and often defensive. Implications for practice in violence prevention, prison-based, and reentry services are discussed.
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Holland, Margaret M., Stephanie Grace Prost, Heath C. Hoffmann, and George E. Dickinson. "U.S. Department of Corrections Compassionate Release Policies: A Content Analysis and Call to Action." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 81, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 607–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818791708.
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Large and increasing numbers of inmates with chronic and terminal illnesses are serving time, and dying, in U.S. prisons. The restriction of men and women to die in prisons has many ethical and fiscal concerns, as it deprives incarcerated persons of their autonomy and requires comprehensive and costly health-care services. To ameliorate these concerns, compassionate release policies, which allow inmates the ability to die in their own communities, have been adopted in federal and state prison systems. However, little is known about the content of compassionate release policies within U.S. states’ department of corrections, despite recent calls to release incarcerated persons who meet eligibility criteria into the community. The current study provides an overview of compassionate release policies in the United States, which vary widely across the compassionate release process. Specific policy recommendations are made to assure the timely access and utilization of compassionate release among eligible incarcerated individuals.
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Pagano, Antonio Maria, Aniello Maiese, Carmine Izzo, Adamo Maiese, Marcello Ametrano, Alessandra De Matteis, Maria Rosaria Attianese, et al. "COVID-19 Risk Management and Screening in the Penitentiary Facilities of the Salerno Province in Southern Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 8033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218033.
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(1) Background: The emergency linked to the spread of COVID-19 in Italy has led to inevitable consequences on the penitentiary system. The risks of this emergency in prisons is mainly related to the problem of persistent overcrowding that makes social distancing difficult and the isolation of any contagion hard to arrange. The Department of Protection for Adults and Minors of the ASL Salerno Criminal Area has taken steps in order to perform screening operations and minimize the risks for prisoners and operators. (2) Methods: We conducted a two-phase observational study. In the first phase, we offered and then executed serum COVID-19 screening to all the convicted inmates. For those who had a doubtful or positive result, a swab was executed in the shortest time possible. In the second phase, a pharyngeal swab was offered and executed to all the police officers, the penitentiary administrative staff and the medical personnel working in the prison. (3) Results: In the first phase, we executed 485 COVID-19 blood tests on prisoners, 3 (0.61%) of which were positive. The three positive inmates underwent nasopharyngeal swabbing, which ultimately were negative. After that, we executed 276 nasopharyngeal swabs on the prison personnel, penitentiary administrative staff and medical personnel—all were negative. (4) Conclusion: All tests (blood tests and swabs) that were carried out on the prisoners and on the staff were negative for COVID-19. We believe that all prisons in Italy and in the world should take action to ensure preventive and control measures in order to safeguard the health of the prison population and of all the people who work there.
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Konrad, Norbert, Marc S. Daigle, Anasseril E. Daniel, Greg E. Dear, Patrick Frottier, Lindsay M. Hayes, Ad Kerkhof, Alison Liebling, and Marco Sarchiapone. "Preventing Suicide in Prisons, Part I." Crisis 28, no. 3 (May 2007): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.28.3.113.
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Abstract. In 2000 the Department of Mental Health of the World Health Organization (WHO) published a guide named Preventing Suicide. A Resource for Prison Officers as part of the WHO worldwide initiative for the prevention of suicide. In 2007 there are new epidemiological data on prison suicide, a more detailed discussion of risk factors accounting for the generally higher rate of suicide in correctional settings in comparison to the general population, and several strategies for developing screening instruments. As a first step, this paper presents an update of the WHO guide by the Task Force on Suicide in Prisons, created by the International Association for Suicide Prevention. A second paper, by the same Task Force, will present some international comparisons of suicide prevention services in correctional facilities.
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Dorkins, Eluned. "Training in prison psychiatry." Psychiatric Bulletin 21, no. 1 (January 1997): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.21.1.52.
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Training in psychiatric work in prisons may not always receive adequate attention, as highlighted in the Reed Report (Department of Health and Home Office, 1992). As a first step in addressing this, a one-day induction procedure has been added to the Induction Programme for the Forensic Senior Registrars at the Regional Secure Unit (RSU) in Bristol. The contents of the programme were determined by discussion among prison medical staff, the Training Department and Forensic Senior Registrars, and are outlined in the following timetable:
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Timerzyanov, M. I. "Medical and social health problems of convicted and health care delivery to this category." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 6 (December 15, 2015): 1043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-1043.
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An overview of the literature of domestic and foreign authors concerning the prisoners incarceration conditions and the health status, the most important disease groups and the medical support organization is presented. The prisoners health status significantly differs from the nationwide values, what is related to the maladgusted population stratum concentration, the prison conditions that facilitate some infectious diseases spread, and other factors. These problems are not isolated, as the majority of persons who are in prison, sooner or later return to the community. In the second half of the 1990s in Russia the leading in morbidity structure of convicted were respiratory diseases - 23.5% (respiratory viral infections, chronic non-specific lung disease, pneumonia, etc.); mental disorders - 19.6% (alcoholism, drug addiction), infectious and parasitic diseases - 17.3% (tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections) diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue - 10.9% (scabies, pediculosis). In Russia during the 1990s, the death rate of prisoners increased by 3.2 times (from 323.0 to 1027.3 per 100 thousand of convicts). However, since the late 1990s, there is a steady decline in mortality, which is determined primarily by a decrease in prisoners mortality from tuberculosis. Doctors availability (excluding dentists) for persons who are in prisons in republic of Tatarstan is 45.4 per 10 thousand, nurses availability - 109.1. These values are higher than in the institutions of the Ministry of Health, in terms of doctors - by 3.2%, and nurses - 18.1%. Prisons represent an important public healthcare resources, allowing to identify, treat, and prevent a large group of diseases in complicated target group which is often difficult to get by civilian health services. Existing problems in the prisoners health, poor material and technical resources of medical services are due to inadequate funding of the Department of the correctional system. Lack of legal framework does not allow the administration to take into account features of the most vulnerable categories of prisoners.
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Elliott, Mark. "HUMAN RIGHTS REVIEW: RAISING THE STANDARD." Cambridge Law Journal 60, no. 3 (November 21, 2001): 441–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197301251198.
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The decision of the House of Lords in R. (Daly) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] 2 W.L.R. 1622 provides authoritative guidance as to how human rights issues should be treated in judicial review cases. In common with a number of other recent leading cases in this area, Daly concerns prisoners’ rights. All governors of closed prisons were required by the Home Secretary to operate a cell searching policy under which prisoners were not permitted to remain in their cells during searches, so as to prevent intimidation of those conducting searches and to stop prisoners gaining knowledge of search techniques. Prison officers were permitted to examine, but not read, legal correspondence stored in cells. The claimant, who stored such correspondence in his cell, successfully contended that the policy was unlawful to the extent that it precluded prisoners’ presence during examination of legal correspondence. This note highlights four points of general importance which arise from their Lordships’ decision.
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Lucas, Kimberley D., Joseph Bick, and Janet C. Mohle-Boetani. "California’s Prisoner Protections for Family and Community Health Act." Public Health Reports 135, no. 1_suppl (July 2020): 50S—56S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920920629.
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In 2014, California passed Assembly Bill 966, which required condom access for persons incarcerated in all 35 California state prisons (33 men’s and 2 women’s prisons). The California Correctional Health Care Services and the Sexually Transmitted Disease Control Branch and the Office of AIDS of the California Department of Public Health collaborated in a prison administration–led multidisciplinary implementation workgroup. Our workgroup, representing public health, correctional health, legal and legislative affairs, labor relations, and prison staff members, participated in 4 planning meetings during May–September 2015. We surveyed prison staff members and incarcerated men to identify and address potential challenges; conceptualized a tamper-resistant condom dispenser; developed educational materials, frequently asked questions for staff members, and fact sheets for the public; and conducted forums for custody and medical staff members at each prison. Key lessons learned included the need for high-level custody support, engagement of labor unions early in the decision-making process, and flexibility within defined parameters for sites to determine best practices given their unique institutional population, culture, and physical layout. Condom access was initiated at 4 prisons in July 2015 and expanded incrementally to the remaining 29 men’s prisons through July 2016. A total of 243 563 condoms were accessed in the men’s prisons, for an average of 354 condoms per 1000 population per month. The start-up dispenser cost was $69 825 (735 dispensers at $95 each). We estimated an annual condom cost of $0.60 per person. Although staff members and incarcerated men expressed concern that this legislation would condone sex and provide repositories for contraband, no serious adverse incidents involving condoms were reported. California demonstrated that condom access is a safe, low-cost intervention with high uptake for a large correctional system and provided a replicable implementation model for other states. Prison condom programs have the potential to decrease transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among incarcerated persons and their communities, which are often disproportionately affected by STIs, HIV, and other chronic diseases.
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Coid, Jeremy, Paul Bebbington, Rachel Jenkins, Traolach Brugha, Glyn Lewis, Michael Farrell, and Nicola Singleton. "The National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity among Prisoners and the Future of Prison Healthcare." Medicine, Science and the Law 42, no. 3 (July 2002): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580240204200309.
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It has long been known that psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among prisoners (Coid, 1984; Gunn et al., 1991; Maden et al., 1995; Joukamaa, 1995; Bland et al., 1998; Lamb and Weinberger, 1998). However, the Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Prisoners in England and Wales (Singleton et al., 1998) represents a considerable advance on earlier surveys. By using the same standardized psychiatric assessment procedures, and similar questions on medication, service use and social functioning, its findings can be compared with previous national surveys of adults living in private households (Meltzer et al., 1995), residents in institutions (Meltzer et al., 1996), homeless persons (Gill et al., 1996), and with the forthcoming household survey in England, Wales and Scotland. It should also inform the future organisation of healthcare for prisoners, following recent recommendations from a joint Home Office/Department of Health Working Party that Health Authorities must work with prisons in their catchment areas to carry out joint health needs assessments, agree prison healthcare improvement strategies and jointly plan and commission services (HM Prison Service and NHS Executive 1999). The ultimate test of the survey will be whether it provides a benchmark to evaluate the future effectiveness of the new policy changes.
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Assoumou, Sabrina A., Abriana Tasillo, Claudia Vellozzi, Golnaz Eftekhari Yazdi, Jianing Wang, Shayla Nolen, Liesl Hagan, et al. "Cost-effectiveness and Budgetary Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Testing, Treatment, and Linkage to Care in US Prisons." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 7 (May 16, 2019): 1388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz383.
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Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and treatment uptake in prisons remains low. We aimed to estimate clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness (CE), and budgetary impact (BI) of HCV testing and treatment in United States (US) prisons or linkage to care at release. Methods We used individual-based simulation modeling with healthcare and Department of Corrections (DOC) perspectives for CE and BI analyses, respectively. We simulated a US prison cohort at entry using published data and Washington State DOC individual-level data. We considered permutations of testing (risk factor based, routine at entry or at release, no testing), treatment (if liver fibrosis stage ≥F3, for all HCV infected or no treatment), and linkage to care (at release or no linkage). Outcomes included quality-adjusted life-years (QALY); cases identified, treated, and cured; cirrhosis cases avoided; incremental cost-effectiveness ratios; DOC costs (2016 US dollars); and BI (healthcare cost/prison entrant) to generalize to other states. Results Compared to “no testing, no treatment, and no linkage to care,” the “test all, treat all, and linkage to care at release” model increased the lifetime sustained virologic response by 23%, reduced cirrhosis cases by 54% at a DOC annual additional cost of $1440 per prison entrant, and would be cost-effective. At current drug prices, targeted testing and liver fibrosis–based treatment provided worse outcomes at higher cost or worse outcomes at higher cost per QALY gained. In sensitivity analysis, fibrosis-based treatment restrictions were cost-effective at previous higher drug costs. Conclusions Although costly, widespread testing and treatment in prisons is considered to be of good value at current drug prices.
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Brinded, Philip M. J., Alexander I. F. Simpson, Tannis M. Laidlaw, Nigel Fairley, and Fiona Malcolm. "Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in New Zealand Prisons: A National Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 2 (April 2001): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00885.x.
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Objective: The paper describes the methodologies and results obtained on a large cohort of prison inmates in New Zealand who were screened for psychiatric disorder. Method: All women and remanded male inmates in New Zealand prisons, and a randomly selected cohort of 18% of sentenced male inmates were interviewed. Interviewers used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview –Automated to establish DSM-IV diagnoses, and the Personality Disorders Questionnaire to identify personality disorder. All prisons in New Zealand were visited. Results: The results indicate markedly elevated prevalence rates for major mental disorder in the prison population when compared with community samples. This is especially the case for substance misuse, psychotic disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Of particular concern is not only the increased prevalence rates for schizophrenia and related disorders but also the high level of comorbidity with substance misuse disorders demonstrated by this group. While 80.8% of inmates diagnosed with bipolar disorder were receiving psychiatric treatment in the prison, only 46.4% of depressed inmates and 37% of those suffering from psychosis were receiving treatment. Maori inmates were grossly overrepresented in the remand, female and male sentenced inmate population compared with the general population. Conclusions: A significant increase in provision of mental health services is required to cope with the high number of mentally ill inmates. The level of need demonstrated by this study requires a level of service provision that is quite beyond the capacity of current forensic psychiatry services, Department of Corrections Psychological Services or the prison nursing and medical officers. The elevated rates of common mental disorders argues for the use of improved psychiatric screening instruments, improved assessment and treatment capacities in the prison and an increased number of forensic psychiatric inpatient facilities to care for those psychotic inmates who are too unwell to be treated in the prison.
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Engbo, Hans Jørgen. "Disciplinærretlig skyld og straf i danske fængsler." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 108, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v108i1.125568.
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AbstractThis article describes disciplinary sanctions applied to imates in Danish prisons. The aricle begins with an explanation of the purpose of disciplinarypunishment and of the legal basis for its use. The article then provides an analysis of administrative practices illustrated by descriptions of a few representative disciplinary cases decided by the prisons and appelate cases decided by the courts and the Department of Prisons and Probation. In relation to legal bases, the analysis reveals significant shortcomings regarding both the provision and the assessment of evidence as well as the choice of sanction. The article concludes with a series of recommendations to the authorities.
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Young, Jesse T., Cheneal Puljević, Alexander D. Love, Emilia K. Janca, Catherine J. Segan, Donita Baird, Rachel Whiffen, Stan Pappos, Emma Bell, and Stuart A. Kinner. "Staying Quit After Release (SQuARe) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to maintain smoking abstinence after release from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e027307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027307.
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IntroductionSmoke-free policies have been introduced in prisons internationally. However, high rates of relapse to smoking after release from prison indicate that these policies typically result in short-term smoking cessation only. These high rates of relapse, combined with a lack of investment in relapse prevention, highlight a missed opportunity to improve the health of a population who smoke tobacco at two to six times the rate of the general population. This paper describes the rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial, testing the effectiveness of a caseworker-delivered intervention promoting smoking cessation among former smokers released from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia.Methods and analysisThe multicomponent, brief intervention consists of behavioural counselling, provision of nicotine spray and referral to Quitline and primary care to promote use of government-subsidised smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. The intervention is embedded in routine service delivery and is administered at three time points: one prerelease and two postrelease from prison. Control group participants will receive usual care. Smoking abstinence will be assessed at 1 and 3 months postrelease, and confirmed with carbon monoxide breath testing. Linkage of participant records to survey and routinely collected administrative data will provide further information on postrelease use of health services and prescribed medication.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Corrections Victoria Research Committee, the Victorian Department of Justice Human Research Ethics Committee, the Department of Human Services External Request Evaluation Committee and the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee. Results will be submitted to major international health-focused journals. In case of success, findings will assist policymakers to implement urgently needed interventions promoting the maintenance of prison-initiated smoking abstinence after release, to reduce the health disparities experienced by this marginalised population.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000072213; Pre-results.
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Pereira, Larissa Silva, Adailda Silva dos Santos Santana, and Janize Silva Maia. "A maternidade no sistema prisional brasileiro." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 10, no. 29 (March 31, 2020): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2358-3088.2020.10.29.189-198.
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Compreender como se dá a maternidade no sistema prisional brasileiro. Revisão integrativa nas bases de dados PUBMED, LILACS e SCIELO, a partir da questão norteadora “como se dá à maternidade no sistema prisional brasileiro?”, resultando em 8 referências selecionadas, categorizadas por semelhança. Mulheres privadas de liberdade têm direito à saúde em ambientes apropriados, devendo ser transferidas para uma unidade que possua estrutura adequada para o acompanhamento gestacional. O nascimento da criança deve ocorrer em unidade hospitalar da secretaria da administração penitenciária e, posteriormente em locais para o acolhimento adequado do bebê, no entanto, a ausência de acomodação e alimentação necessárias, o ambiente insalubre e a superlotação das celas podem prejudicar o processo gravídico puerperal, quando necessidades especiais de saúde são ignoradas. Os programas gestacionais cobertos pelo SUS, não possuem grande relevância dentro das prisões brasileiras prejudicando a integralidade e, sobretudo, a equidade do binômio.Descritores: Aleitamento Materno, Cuidado Pré-natal, Prisões. The maternity in the brazilian prison systemAbstract: To understand how motherhood occurs in the Brazilian prison system. Integrative review in the PUBMED, LILACS and SCIELO databases, based on the guiding question “How does motherhood occur in the Brazilian prison system?”, resulting in 8 selected versions, categorized by similarity. Women deprived of their liberty have the right to health in appropriate environments and should be transferred to a unit that has adequate structure for gestational follow-up. The birth of the child should occur in the hospital unit of the penitentiary administration department and, subsequently, in places for the proper reception of the baby, however, loss of food, unhealthy environment and overcrowding of cells may impair the puerperal pregnancy process when special health needs are ignored. The managed programs covered by SUS do not have great relevance within the Brazilian prisons harming the completeness and, especially, the equity of the binomial.Descriptors: Breast Feeding, Prenatal Care, Prisons. Maternidad en el sistema de prisiones brasileñasResumen: Comprender cómo se produce la maternidad en el sistema penitenciario brasileño. Revisión integradora en las bases de datos PUBMED, LILACS y SCIELO, basada en la pregunta guía "¿Cómo es la maternidad en el sistema penitenciario brasileño?", Que da como resultado 8 referencias seleccionadas, clasificadas por similitud. Las mujeres privadas de libertad tienen derecho a la salud en entornos apropiados y deben ser transferidas a una unidad que tenga una estructura adecuada para el seguimiento gestacional. El nacimiento del niño debe ocurrir en una unidad hospitalaria de la secretaría de administración penitenciaria y, posteriormente, en lugares para la recepción adecuada del bebé, sin embargo, la falta de alojamiento y alimentación necesarios, el entorno poco saludable y el hacinamiento de las células pueden afectar el proceso de embarazo puerperal, cuando se ignoran las necesidades especiales de salud. Los programas gestacionales cubiertos por el SUS no tienen gran relevancia dentro de las cárceles brasileñas, perjudicando la integridad y, sobre todo, la equidad del binomio.Descriptores: Lactancia Materna, Atención Prenatal, Prisiones.
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Butler, Amanda, Alexander D. Love, Jesse T. Young, and Stuart A. Kinner. "Frequent Attendance to the Emergency Department after Release from Prison: a Prospective Data Linkage Study." Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 47, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 544–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11414-019-09685-1.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper was to identify characteristics and predictors of frequent emergency department (ED) use among people released from prisons in Queensland, Australia. Baseline interview data from a sample of sentenced adults were linked to ED and hospital records. The association between baseline characteristics and frequent ED attendance was modelled by fitting multivariate logistic regression models. Participants who had ≥ 4 visits to the ED in any 365-day period of community follow-up were defined as frequent attenders (FA). The analyses included 1307 people and mean follow-up time in the community was 1063 days. After adjusting for covariates, those with a dual diagnoses of mental illness and substance use (RR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.47–3.99) and those with mental illness alone (RR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.29–4.73) were at higher risk of frequent ED attendance, compared with those with no disorder. Future research should assess whether individually tailored transition supports from prison to community reduce the frequency of ED use among this population.
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Suphanchaimat, Rapeepong, Pawinee Doung-ngern, Kritchavat Ploddi, Suthanun Suthachana, Mathudara Phaiyarom, Kumaree Pachanee, Walairat Chaifoo, and Sopon Iamsirithaworn. "Cost Effectiveness and Budget Impact Analyses of Influenza Vaccination for Prisoners in Thailand: An Application of System Dynamic Modelling." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041247.
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Influenza outbreaks in Thai prisons were increasing in number every year and to address this, the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) initiated a policy to promote vaccination for prisoners. The objective of this study was to assess the cost effectiveness and budget impact of the influenza vaccination policy for prisoners in Thailand. The study obtained data from the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control (DDC), MOPH. Deterministic system dynamic modelling was exercised to estimate the financial implication of the vaccination programme in comparison with routine outbreak control. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated via a DDC perspective. The reproductive number was estimated at 1.4. A total of 143 prisons across the country (375,763 prisoners) were analysed. In non-vaccination circumstances, the total healthcare cost amounted to 174.8 million Baht (US$ 5.6 million). Should all prisoners be vaccinated, the total healthcare cost would reduce to 90.9 million Baht (US$ 2.9 million), and 46.8 million Baht (US$ 1.5 million) of this is related to the vaccination. The ICER of vaccination (compared with routine outbreak control) varied between 39,738.0 to 61,688.3 Baht per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted (US$ 1281.9–1989.9). Should the vaccination cover 30% of the prisoners, the ICER would be equal to 46,866.8 Baht (US$ 1511.8) per DALY averted with the budget burden amounted to Baht (US$ 4.8 million). The vaccination programme would become more cost-effective if the routine outbreak control was intensified. In summary, the vaccination programme was a cost-effective measure to halt influenza outbreak amongst prisoners. Further primary studies that aim to assess the actual impact of the programme are recommended.
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Breiner, Mary J., Laura Tuomisto, Elizabeth Bouyea, David E. Gussak, and Dean Aufderheide. "Creating an Art Therapy Anger Management Protocol for Male Inmates Through a Collaborative Relationship." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 56, no. 7 (August 23, 2011): 1124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x11417362.
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A training partnership was established with the Florida Department of Corrections in 2003, and over the ensuing years, art therapy graduate student interns from Florida State University’s Graduate Art Therapy Program have been placed in local prisons at different times. Recently, the art therapy interns worked closely with the supervising psychologist in one prison to alleviate and redirect aggression by integrating cognitive-behavioral techniques with art therapy directives. The art therapy interns and the psychologist developed a curriculum using a combination of workbook exercises and art tasks to develop and increase the participants’ anger management skills, the Art Therapy Anger Management Protocol. This article provides an overview of art therapy in prison, the cognitive-behavioral approach to anger management with prison inmates, and how art therapy was used to support this approach. Examples of completed art tasks designed to correspond with the workbook curriculum are presented. Overall, this article presents the successful collaboration between the psychologist and art therapists and demonstrates how they facilitated improvement in the participants’ anger management skills through this program.
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Hacin, Rok. "Prisoners’ Perceptions of Legitimacy of Prison Staff in Slovenia." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 26, no. 2 (May 26, 2018): 160–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-02602003.
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This paper focuses on prisoners’ perceptions of legitimacy of prison staff in Slovenian prisons and the influence of progressiveness of the prison regime on these perceptions. The purpose of the study is to identify those factors that influence prisoners’ perceptions of legitimacy of the prison staff and to test different models of studying legitimacy in the post-socialist prison environment. Possible differences in prisoners’ perceptions of legitimacy in different prison regimes in Slovenia will be explored. Results of regression analyses highlighted the fact that procedural justice, distributive justice, trust in authority, effectiveness of the prison staff, prison regime, age, relations with prisoners, relations with the prison staff, and obligation to obey, all predict prisoners’ perceptions of legitimacy. Results of discriminant analysis revealed the differences between prisoners in open, semi-open, and closed departments. The implications of these findings are discussed in the conclusion.
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Adler, Jessica L., Weiwei Chen, and Timothy F. Page. "Transitions in “Privatized” Prison Health Systems: Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations Among Incarcerated People in Florida, 2011–2018." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 5 (May 2021): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305988.
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Objectives. To examine rates of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations among incarcerated people in Florida during a period when health care management in the state’s prisons underwent transitions. Methods. We used Florida ED visit and hospital discharge data (2011–2018) to depict the trend in ED visit and hospital discharge rates among incarcerated people. We proxied incarcerated people using individuals admitted from and discharged or transferred to a court or law enforcement agency. We fitted a regression with year indicators to examine the significance of yearly changes. Results. Among incarcerated people in Florida, ED visit rates quadrupled, and hospitalization rates doubled, between 2015 and 2018, a period when no similar trends were evident in the nonincarcerated population. Public Health Implications. Increasing the amount and flexibility of payments to contractors overseeing prison health services may foster higher rates of hospital utilization among incarcerated people and higher costs, without addressing major quality of care problems. Hospitals and government agencies should transparently report on health care utilization and outcomes among incarcerated people to ensure better oversight of services for a highly vulnerable population.
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Wins, Henny, Antory Royan Adyan, and Hamzah Hatrik. "PROTECTION OF SELF-DEVELOPMENT RIGHT FOR CONVICTED CRIMINALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF CLASS IIA CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF BENGKULU." Bengkoelen Justice : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/j_bengkoelenjust.v11i1.15787.
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The correctional institutions developing nowadays adopts a penal system that is more educating and fostering. Formerly, correctional institutions adhered to a prison system that was more of a punishment for crimes committed by the criminals. In general, fostering the prisoners aims to make prisoners to be fully human through the strengthening of faith (mental endurance) as well as to foster the prisoners to be able to integrate naturally in prison and in a wider life (community) after serving their convictions. This study on the protection of self-development right for convicted criminals in the environment of class IIA correctional institutions of Bengkulu was an empirical legal research that aimed to find out and to analyze the implementation of protection of self-development right for prisoners as well as to find out and to analyze the obstacles faced in implementing the protection of self-development right for prisoners in the environment of class IIA correctional institutions of Bengkulu. Data sources of this research were primary and secondary data. Data collection methods applied in this study were interviews and documentation. The data processing method used was descriptive qualitative. From the results of the study, it was revealed that: 1) the implementation of the fulfillment of juvenile prisoners’ right to obtain education at the class IIA correctional institutions of Bengkulu had not been fully fulfilled. To fulfill the educational process, there are Program Kejar (Kelompok Belajar/Study Group) of Package A (equivalent to elementary school), Package B (equivalent to junior high school), and Package C (equivalent to high school) as a series of processes for fulfilling the right for education for juvenile prisoners. But the program had not run optimally according to standards set by the government. Most of the juvenile prisoners make self-taught learning; 2) in the implementation of the education process in prisons, there were several factors that become obstacles in its implementation. These factors included the lack of partners to carry out the process of fulfilling the right for education, the facilities available in correctional institutions were inadequate, the limited teaching staffs provided by the local Education Department, lack of supervision on juvenile prisoners if they were pursuing education outside correctional institutions, as well as minimal budget allocations for educational purpose in correctional institutions.
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Kuzak, Nick, Michael O’Connor, William Pickett, Terry O’Brien, Ken Reid, and Mary Pearson. "Impact of a prison triage system on injuries seen in emergency departments." CJEM 3, no. 03 (July 2001): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500005546.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: 1) To describe injuries experienced by the male prisoner population in the Kingston, Ontario area, and to compare them with those observed in the general population; and 2) to compare the incidence and patterns of prisoner injuries seen in emergency departments (EDs) before and after the introduction of a prison injury triage system. Design: A chart review. Setting: The catchment area surrounding 2 hospital-based EDs in Kingston, Ontario, which includes 8 federal and provincial prisons for adult males. Observations: Injuries to male prisoners (ages 18–75 years) who were treated in the ED during 1996–98 were compared with injuries to the general male population of the same age range. An on-site emergency care triage system was introduced to area prisons in 1993. Prisoner injuries seen in the ED during 1996–98 were compared with those seen during a similar period prior to the introduction of the triage system (1981–84). Available comparators included patient demographics, disposition, intent and nature of injury, the need for surgery, and lengths of hospital stay. Results: 148 prisoner injuries were identified for 1996–98. Prisoner injuries seen in the ED were relatively severe when compared with the general male population, as indicated by the higher frequency of fractures (31.8% prisoner vs. 13.4% general, p < 0.001), blunt head injuries (10.1% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001), hospital admissions (42.6% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.001) and deaths (2.7% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001). Since the introduction of the triage system there has been a reduction in the rate of prisoner injuries seen in local hospital EDs (6.1/100/yr [before] vs. 1.6/100/yr [after], p < 0.001). There has been an increase in the relative severity of prisoner injuries seen in the EDs as indicated by the increased hospital admission rate (42.6% vs. 22.7%, p < 0.001), increased rate of surgical intervention (27.7% vs. 12.1%, p < 0.001), and increased length of hospital stay (4.0 days vs. 2.1 days, p < 0.05). The mortality rate has remained low and unchanged (0.7% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.99). Conclusions: The introduction of the new triage system appeared to be associated with a decrease in the total number of ED visits by prisoners. The relative acuity of prisoner injuries seen in the EDs appeared to increase following introduction of the triage system.
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Springer, MD, Sandra A., and Robert D. Bruce, MD. "A pilot survey of attitudes and knowledge about opioid substitution therapy for HIV-infected prisoners." Journal of Opioid Management 4, no. 2 (January 30, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2008.0012.
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A majority of inmates in the state of Connecticut Department of Corrections use opioids or are opioid dependent before incarceration. None of the state’s prisons offer opioid substitution therapy other than for detoxification or maintenance therapy for women during pregnancy. On release to the community, most prisoners relapse to drug use and this has been associated with higher recidivism rates, and less adherence to antiretroviral medications for HIV-infected persons. Nationally and internationally, methadone (METH) and buprenorphine (BUP) have been found to decrease relapse to drug use, decrease recidivism rates, improve adherence to antiretroviral medications, decrease HIV-risk taking behaviors, and improve mortality. However, the general knowledge about opioid substitution therapy among correctional facility staff has been reported as substandard. This pilot study compiled results of answers to anonymous surveys from 27 individuals who work directly with inmates in a patient-care capacity for the Connecticut Department of Corrections (CT DOC) and CT DOC case-management referral program (Project TLC) in the year 2006. The surveys included questions regarding current attitudes and knowledge about opioid substitution therapy for prisoners. A minority of respondents refer released prisoners with a history of opioid dependency to METH or BUP treatment. The majority of correctional workers and case-management referral workers did not have knowledge about BUP or METH’s ability to improve health and decrease HIV risk taking behaviors. This study found that more education of individuals treating and caring for HIV-infected opioid dependent prisoners is needed.
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Stephenson, Amber L., and Nicolette Bell. "Finding meaningful work in difficult circumstances: A study of prison healthcare workers." Health Services Management Research 32, no. 2 (July 12, 2018): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951484818787698.
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Prisons are rigidly structured institutions housing—in some cases—violent and unstable residents. To discover the positive job attributes and perceived challenges in this extreme practice environment, we employed exploratory qualitative content analysis on the written-in responses of 269 prison health workers in one state’s Department of Corrections. Two researchers independently analyzed and coded the data. Using an iterative process, we categorized the responses into themes and critical underlying meanings. Positive job attributes included meaningful work, stability, variety of ailments treated, and feelings of support. Perceived challenges included ineffective leadership, constraints on the ability to effectively execute the role, perceived inequity, and organizational culture. The results of our study suggest that there are lessons to be learned from correctional health workers that could inform policy and management outside of the prison walls specifically as it pertains to motivating and engaging providers through meaningful work. Specifically, health organizations would improve the experience of their clinicians by offering a broader scope of practice experience, schedule stability, reducing bureaucratic redundancies, and—ultimately—restoring the sense of purpose within the work itself.
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Bocale, Paola. "Restorative Justice Principles and Practices and the Discourse of Respect: A Case Study of a Teacher in a Custodial Establishment for Young Offenders." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0014.
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This study aims to explore discourses of respect in the Education Department of a Young Offenders Institution (HMYOI X). The research builds upon the existing literature on the concept of respect both in restorative justice and in prisons to develop a deeper understanding of perspectives on respect in custodial education. More specifically, the study examines a self-narrative elicited from a teacher working in a YOI in England to investigate the discourses of respect which prevail in a custodial institution. The research findings provide a better understanding of the discourses and dynamics of respect within an educational custodial setting and of some of the problems and challenges that need to be addressed in enhancing and assessing the use of restorative justice in prisons.
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Harker, Heather, and Anne Worrall. "From ‘community corrections' to ‘probation and parole’ in Western Australia." Probation Journal 58, no. 4 (December 2011): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550511421517.
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Geographically, Western Australia (WA) is one of the largest and most sparsely populated single jurisdictions in the world. Although much of the work of Community Corrections Officers (CCO) in metropolitan Perth is easily recognizable to offender managers in England and Wales, the state’s Indigenous citizens, many living in remote communities, are hugely over-represented in its prisons and pose particular challenges in respect of community supervision. The de-professionalization of CCO training and their supposed inter-changeability with prison officers led to a service that was in danger of ‘losing its way’ and whose performance was comparing unfavourably with that of other Australian states. This article traces the recent history of the post-Mahoney Report Department of Corrective Services, culminating in a return to the title of ‘Probation and Parole’, and asks whether the lessons learned in WA following this re-professionalizing process might be relevant to other jurisdictions.
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Lucas, Joseph W., and Matthew A. Jones. "An Analysis of the Deterrent Effects of Disciplinary Segregation on Institutional Rule Violation Rates." Criminal Justice Policy Review 30, no. 5 (March 22, 2017): 765–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403417699930.
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In light of the limited resources available in the criminal justice system, and given the financial costs and inmate mental health risks associated with disciplinary segregation, the practice warrants testing and evaluation. Limited research exists on the effect disciplinary segregation has on subsequent inmate misconduct in state prisons. Institutional violation rates for a cohort of male inmates incarcerated by the Oregon Department of Corrections were analyzed. Controlling for other factors, the results of this study indicate that disciplinary segregation was not a significant predictor of subsequent institutional misconduct. The findings also indicate that the experience of disciplinary segregation does not reduce subsequent prison inmate misconduct and therefore suggest that it may not be an effective institutional practice. These results signal that disciplinary segregation should be used in a more judicious and informed manner and that further research should be performed to determine whether disciplinary segregation has a general deterrent effect.
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Harkison, Tracy, and Alison McIntosh. "Hospitality training for prisoners." Hospitality Insights 3, no. 1 (June 21, 2019): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v3i1.52.
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Noting rising statistics relating to incarceration and reoffending, there has been increased attention given to analysing the delivery, effectiveness and challenges of hospitality training and employment programmes for rehabilitating prisoners. The stigma of having a criminal record and being unreliable and untrustworthy remains a significant barrier for prisoners in gaining employment. This stigma may be compounded by a prisoner’s lack of skills, education, social problems and poor (physical and mental) health. However, there are now an increasing number of prisons around the world offering qualifications in catering, or a hospitality social enterprise such as a jailhouse café; for example, the Verne café and The Clink restaurants in the U.K. Our research sought to fill a gap in understanding about how the public feel about such initiatives, which aim to give prisoners a second chance.
Using the case study of the very successful annual ‘Gate to Plate’ event in Wellington, our research gained various perspectives on the use of this prison event as a social model of rehabilitation through hospitality training. Specifically, we used thematic analysis [1] to analyse public information sources about the event. Sources included newspaper articles, trade magazines, social media, information taken from the New Zealand Department of Corrections website, independent reviews of the event, and a radio interview with one of the inmates.
Since 2012, local industry chefs and minimum-security prisoner-cooks from Rimutaka prison have teamed together to produce fine dining cuisine for the annual ‘Wellington on a Plate’ festival – a festival designed to showcase the region’s food and beverages. The inmates are usually experienced in cooking and working towards a cooking qualification. During the ‘Gate to Plate’ event as part of the Wellington festival, Rimutaka prison hosts 160 paying members of the public and more than 60 stakeholders over three nights. After clearing security and a briefing, guests experience a glimpse of ‘life inside’ and are served a three-course dinner in the Staff Training College followed by a question and answer session with the prisoner-cooks. The event is an innovative way to show the public the work happening to rehabilitate prisoners, and an opportunity to break down the negative stereotypes of offenders.
Our research revealed three common themes in the content of the public information sources we analysed. The themes were: ‘breaking the stereotypes’; ‘pride and passion to make a difference’; and ‘training for rehabilitation’. The first theme emerged from comments by chefs, journalists and other guests on their change in attitude toward a more positive perception of prisoners as a result of attending the event, suggesting that this type of initiative may enable transformation in terms of social identity. The second theme saw inmates commonly discussing their passion and desire to ‘make a difference’ for themselves; a fresh start. Thus, the passion of volunteering in such an event can provide a sense of new meaning for a new future. The third theme related to common positive reports of the importance of in-prison training and qualifications for rehabilitation.
While this paper makes no claim about the effectiveness of the ‘Gate to Plate’ event as a reforming rehabilitation practice for prisoners, there is mounting evidence worldwide to suggest that in-prison training and post-release employment programmes can successfully assist prisoners to remain custody free post-release (e.g. [2]). As such, we encourage further research to examine how hospitality training and employment may provide a positive opportunity to change lives through enabling a second chance.
This research was presented at the CHME (Council of Hospitality Management Education) conference in May 2019 at the University of Greenwich in England.
Corresponding author
Tracy Harkison can be contacted at: tracy.harkison@aut.ac.nz
References
(1) Braun, V.; Clarke, V. Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 2006, 3 (2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
(2) Cale, J.; Day, A.; Casey, S.; Bright, D.; Wodak, J.; Giles, M.; Baldry, E. Australian Prison Vocational Education and Training and Returns to Custody among Male and Female Ex-prisoners: A Cross-jurisdictional Study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 2019, 52 (10), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004865818779418
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Lane, Michael P. "A Case for Early Release." Crime & Delinquency 32, no. 4 (October 1986): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128786032004003.
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The Illinois Department of Corrections includes 18 operating prisons, 16 community correctional centers, and 7 work camps with more than 19,200 adults in custody; 7 juvenile facilities housing 1,200 committed youths; adult and juvenile parole systems with more than 11,000 people under supervision; and support divisions. With an annual budget of more than $400,000, Director Lane manages an agency that employs 10,100 staff to meet the custody needs of more than 31,000 offenders.
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Каримова, Гузель, and Рим Каримов. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF WITNESS PROTECTION IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." Rule-of-law state: theory and practice 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/pravgos-2020.1.18.
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The article examines organizational and legal aspects of the implementation of the witness protection program in the United States. Special attention is paid to activities in this area of the US Department of Justice, the US Marshals Service, which directly provide protection for witnesses and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Some statistics on witness protection are provided. Concrete protective measures and their application in relation to the participants in criminal proceedings are considered.
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Holloway, Aisha, Victoria Guthrie, Gillian Waller, Jamie Smith, Joanne Boyd, Sharon Mercado, Pam Smith, et al. "A two-arm parallel-group individually randomised prison pilot study of a male remand alcohol intervention for self-efficacy enhancement: the APPRAISE study protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e040636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040636.
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IntroductionThe prevalence of at-risk drinking is far higher among those in contact with the criminal justice system (73%) than the general population (35%). However, there is little evidence on the effectiveness of alcohol brief interventions (ABIs) in reducing risky drinking among those in the criminal justice system, including the prison system and, in particular, those on remand. Building on earlier work, A two-arm parallel group individually randomised Prison Pilot study of a male Remand Alcohol Intervention for Self-efficacy Enhancement (APPRAISE) is a pilot study designed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an ABI, delivered to male prisoners on remand. The findings of APPRAISE should provide the information required to design a future definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT).Methods and analysisAPPRAISE will use mixed methods, with two linked phases, across two prisons in the UK, recruiting 180 adult men on remand: 90 from Scotland and 90 from England. Phase I will involve a two-arm, parallel-group, individually randomised pilot study. The pilot evaluation will provide data on the likely impact of A two-arm parallel group individually randomised Prison Pilot study of a male Remand Alcohol Intervention for Self-efficacy Enhancement (APPRAISE), which will be used to inform a future definitive multicentre RCT. Phase II will be a process evaluation assessing how the ABI has been implemented to explore the change mechanisms underpinning the ABI (figure 1) and to assess the context within which the ABI is delivered.Ethics and disseminationThe APPRAISE protocol has been approved by the East of Scotland Research Ethics Committee (19/ES/0068), National Offender Management System (2019-240), Health Board Research and Development (2019/0268), Scottish Prison Service research and ethics committee, and by the University of Edinburgh’s internal ethics department. The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal publications, presentations at local, national and international conferences, infographics and shared with relevant stakeholders through meetings and events.Trial registration numberISRCTN27417180.
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Kamath, Jayesh, Wanli Zhang, Karen Kesten, Sara Wakai, Deborah Shelton, and Robert Trestman. "Algorithm-Driven Pharmacological Management of Bipolar Disorder in Connecticut Prisons." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 57, no. 2 (November 24, 2011): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x11427537.
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The objective of this study was to assess adaptation of the Texas Implementation of Medication Algorithm (TIMA) for bipolar disorder (BD) in the Connecticut Department of Correction. A nonrandomized sample of 20 males and 20 females, with diagnoses of BD Type I or II, was enrolled in the study. Two TIMA-trained psychiatrists treated the participants over a 12-week period following the TIMA protocol. The primary outcome measure was the Bipolar Disorder Symptom Scale. Secondary outcome measures evaluated global clinical status, comorbid symptomatology, and quality of life. Significant improvement was seen with the primary and secondary outcome measures ( p < .001). Subanalyses showed differences in outcomes based on gender and whether a manic or depression algorithm was used. Antidepressant and antipsychotic medication use decreased, with increase in anticonvulsant and anxiolytic medication usage. This pilot study confirmed the effectiveness and benefits of TIMA for BD adaptation in the correctional setting.
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Lucas, K. D., C. Wheeler, P. McLendon, B. N. Leistikow, and J. C. Mohle-Boetani. "Outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease associated with cooling towers at a California state prison, 2015." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 3 (February 2018): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818000110.
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AbstractA large outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease occurred at a California state prison in August 2015. We conducted environmental and epidemiological investigations to identify the most likely source of exposure and characterise morbidity. Sixty-four inmates had probable Legionnaires’ disease; 14 had laboratory-confirmed legionellosis. Thirteen (17%) inmates were hospitalised; there were no deaths. Ill inmates were more likely to be ⩾65 years old (P < 0.01), have the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P < 0.01), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.02), hepatitis C infection (P < 0.01), or end-stage liver disease (P < 0.01). The case-patients were in ten housing units throughout the prison grounds. All either resided in or were near the central clinical building (for appointments or yard time) during their incubation periods. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was cultured from three cooling towers on top of the central medical clinic (range, 880–1200 cfu/ml). An inadequate water management program, dense biofilm within the cooling towers, and high ambient temperatures preceding the outbreak created an ideal environment for Legionella sp. proliferation. All state prisons were directed to develop local operating procedures for maintaining their cooling towers and the state health department added a review of the maintenance plans to their environmental inspection protocol.
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South, Jane, Anne-Marie Bagnall, Claire Hulme, James Woodall, Roberta Longo, Rachael Dixey, Karina Kinsella, Gary Raine, Karen Vinall-Collier, and Judy Wright. "A systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of peer-based interventions to maintain and improve offender health in prison settings." Health Services and Delivery Research 2, no. 35 (October 2014): 1–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr02350.
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BackgroundOffender health is deemed a priority issue by the Department of Health. Peer support is an established feature of prison life in England and Wales; however, more needs to be known about the effectiveness of peer-based interventions to maintain and improve health in prison settings.ObjectivesThe study aimed to synthesise the evidence on peer-based interventions in prison settings by carrying out a systematic review and holding an expert symposium. Review questions were (1) what are the effects of peer-based interventions on prisoner health and the determinants of prisoner health?, (2) what are the positive and negative impacts on health services within prison settings of delivering peer-based interventions?, (3) how do the effects of peer-based approaches compare with those of professionally led approaches? and (4) what are the costs and cost-effectiveness of peer-based interventions in prison settings?Data sourcesFor the systematic review, 20 electronic databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and EMBASE were searched from 1985. Grey literature and relevant websites were also searched. To supplement the review findings 58 delegates, representing a variety of organisations, attended an expert symposium, which provided contextual information.Review methodsTwo reviewers independently selected studies using the following inclusion criteria: population – prisoners resident in prisons and young offender institutions; intervention – peer-based interventions; comparators: review questions 3 and 4 compared peer-led and professionally led approaches; outcomes – prisoner health or determinants of health, organisational/process outcomes or views of prison populations; study design: quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods evaluations. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed validity using piloted electronic forms and validity assessment criteria based on published checklists. Results from quantitative studies were combined using narrative summary and meta-analysis when appropriate; results from qualitative studies were combined using thematic synthesis.ResultsA total of 15,320 potentially relevant papers were identified of which 57 studies were included in the effectiveness review and one study was included in the cost-effectiveness review; most were of poor methodological quality. A typology of peer-based interventions was developed. Evidence suggested that peer education interventions are effective at reducing risky behaviours and that peer support services provide an acceptable source of help within the prison environment and have a positive effect on recipients; the strongest evidence came from the Listener scheme. Consistent evidence from many predominantly qualitative studies suggested that being a peer deliverer was associated with positive effects across all intervention types. There was limited evidence about recruitment of peer deliverers. Recurring themes were the importance of prison managerial and staff support for schemes to operate successfully, and risk management. There was little evidence on the cost-effectiveness of peer-based interventions. An economic model, developed from the results of the effectiveness review, although based on data of variable quality and a number of assumptions, showed the cost-effectiveness of peer-led over professionally led education in prison for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.LimitationsThe 58 included studies were, on the whole, of poor methodological quality.ConclusionsThere is consistent evidence from a large number of studies that being a peer worker is associated with positive health. Peer support services can also provide an acceptable source of help within the prison environment and can have a positive effect on recipients. This was confirmed by expert evidence. Research into cost-effectiveness is sparse but a limited HIV-specific economic model, although based on a number of assumptions and evidence of variable quality, showed that peer interventions were cost-effective compared with professionally led interventions. Well-designed intervention studies are needed to provide robust evidence including assessing outcomes for the target population, economic analysis of cost-effectiveness and impacts on prison health services. More research is needed to examine issues of reach, utilisation and acceptability from the perspective of recipients and those who choose not to receive peer support.Study registrationThis study was registered as PROSPERO CRD42012002349.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Pizzicato, Lia N., Rebecca Drake, Reed Domer-Shank, Caroline C. Johnson, and Kendra M. Viner. "Beyond the walls: Risk factors for overdose mortality following release from the Philadelphia Department of Prisons." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 189 (August 2018): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.034.
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Kułak, Piotr. "DEPARTMENT OF MUSEUMS AND MONUMENTS OF POLISH MARTYROLOGY IN 1945–54 AND TO-DATE CONTINUATION OF ITS TASKS." Muzealnictwo 60 (June 13, 2019): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2421.
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The operations of the Department of Museums and Monuments of Polish Martyrology were launched in April 1945 as an organizational unit within the Head Authorities of Museums and Monument Preservation active within the structure of the Ministry of Culture and Art. The Department’s supreme goal was to document and visually commemorate sites connected with the martyrdom of Poles under the German occupation in 1939–45 by founding museums and raising monuments on execution sites throughout the whole country. The establishment of such an institution was a response of the government to the spontaneous social movement whose goal following the tragic war experience was to commemorate all the fallen in armed struggle and the executed in the Nazi death camps. The social initiatives inspired the authorities to coordinate such efforts, to identify the priorities in this respect, and to select various commemoration forms. These tasks, along with many other ones, were to be implemented by the Department of Museums and Monuments of Polish Martyrology. The paper deals with the characteristics of the Department’s activities, its organizational structure, as well as the detailed aims and tasks implemented over the 9 years of its operations: from the establishment in 1945 to its winding up in 1954. All the Department’s activities meant to commemorate martyrology sites can be divided into those related to the organization and establishment of museums on the sites of former camps, prisons, and Gestapo investigating offices (e.g. museums in Auschwitz, Majdanek, at Warsaw’s 25 Szucha Avenue), and those related to raising monuments to the Nazi regime’s victims. Furthermore, forms meant to continue the efforts initiated by the Department since 1954 are described. The paper is to a great degree based on the documentation preserved in the Central Archives of Modern Records, yet constitutes but an introductory outline as well as encouragement to further investigate the Department’s history.
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Kryuchkov, K. S. "The Hoffman Report: Psychologists and Torture. An Ethical Precaution for Psychologists." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 28, no. 1 (2020): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2020280109.
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The present paper introduces the readers to the Hoffman report — an independent attorney report on American Psychological Association (APA) officials’ participation in institutionalizing and developing torture techniques that were used to interrogate the prisoners of the secret Department of Defense prisons (Guantanamo, Abu Ghraib, etc.). People in charge of the APA were shown to have changed the ethical standards and APA regulations in such a way as to enable psychologists to participate in the so-called enhanced interrogations. We present the context of the report and the key findings and conclusions. We discuss the reaction of the psychological community and cite a number of papers that analyze the report from the theoretical and empirical standpoint, and reflect on the causes of the events. This situation can be viewed as a precaution for Russian psychologists likewise in making ethical decisions. Conclusion: Ethical codes do not constitute ethics per se nor do they protect from possible ethical violations, partly because abusers often are not just those who know the codes, but also those who write them.
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Holliday, Mitchel K., and Kelli M. Richardson. "Nutrition in Midwestern State Department of Corrections Prisons: A Comparison of Nutritional Offerings With Commonly Utilized Nutritional Standards." Journal of Correctional Health Care 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jchc.19.08.0067.
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Barnert, Elizabeth, Ada Kwan, and Brie Williams. "Ten Urgent Priorities Based on Lessons Learned From More Than a Half Million Known COVID-19 Cases in US Prisons." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 6 (June 2021): 1099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306221.
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COVID-19 is ravaging US prisons. Prison residents and staff must be prioritized for vaccination, but a rapidly mutating virus and high rates of continued spread require an urgent, coordinated public health response. Based on knowledge accumulated from the pandemic thus far, we have identified 10 pressing public health priorities for responding to COVID-19 in prisons: (1) accelerate population reduction coupled with community reentry support, (2) improve prison ventilation systems, (3) ensure appropriate mask use, (4) limit transfers between facilities, (5) strengthen partnerships between public health departments and prison leadership, (6) introduce or maintain effective occupational health programs, (7) ensure access to advance care planning processes for incarcerated patients and delineation of patient health care rights, (8) strengthen partnerships between prison leadership and incarcerated people, (9) provide emergency mental health support for prison residents and staff, and (10) commit to public accountability and transparency. Dedicated prison leaders cannot accomplish these public health priorities alone. We must mobilize prison leaders, staff, and residents; public health departments; community advocates; and policymakers to work together to address the pandemic’s outsized impact in US prisons.
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Tekliński, Jarosław. "POSTPONEMENT OF CUSTODIAL SENTENCE EXECUTION IN COURT STATISTICSs." Probacja 4 (March 31, 2021): 107–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7907.
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Postponement of the custodial sentence execution is one of few derogations from the rule of immediate sentence execution, defined in art. 9 § 1 of the Penal Enforcement Code. Its application results in a situation when some of the convicted remain outside the penitentiary system in the period defined by the court in the postponement order. Because of that fact, this institution at least periodically influences the size of the prison population. This article analyses the application of postponement of the custodial sentence execution based on statistical data and its impact on shaping the domestic prison population. The research material comprised statistical data, included in MS-S10 reports on executing orders according to material jurisdiction for the period 2012-2018 (concerning district and regional courts), made available by the Managing Statistical Information Division of the Strategy and European Funds Department within the Ministry of Justice. The data were presented in charts made by the author. The dissertation is opened with the analysis of the data, which concern passing the custodial sentence. It also includes modal forms such as substitutive custodial sentences instead of unpaid fines and unserved custodial sentences, as well as orders to serve suspended custodial sentences and orders to cancel parole. All the above prepare the ground for the central dissertation issues, i.e., the policy that applies the postponement of the custodial sentence execution by district and regional courts and the significance of the postponement mentioned above among other reasons for not putting the convicted in penitentiaries. Having done the preliminary research of available statistical data, the author concludes that, compared to other reasons for not putting the convicted in prisons, the role of the postponement of the custodial sentence execution in shaping the prison population is decreasing. This phenomenon should be perceived as an unfavourable one in principle. The author explains the view in the final remarks.