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Journal articles on the topic 'Dependence Rg on M'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Dambis, A. K. "Age dependence of the vertical distribution of Cepheids." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 193 (2004): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100010538.

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AbstractThe wavelike oscillations of the vertical scale height of the local population of classical Cepheids located at Galactocentric distances R0 – 1 kpc < Rg < R0 + 1 kpc is analyzed using Cepheid ages computed in terms of evolutionary models of Pols et al. (1998) with and without the allowance for convective overshooting. The resulting periods of vertical oscillations of stars about the galactic plane are found to be PZ = 74 ± 2 Myr and PZ = 104 ± 2 Myr for standard models and models with overshooting, respectively. If interpreted as a manifestation of vertical virial oscillations, the pattern found implies local mass density values of ρstd = 0.118 ± 0.007 M⊙ pc−3 and ρovs = 0.060 ± 0.004 M⊙ pc−3, respectively. The latter value is totally incompatible with recent estimates based on Hipparcos data and the former value, combined with recent estimates of the local density of visible matter, sets an upper limit of 0.023 M⊙ pc−3 for the local density of dark matter.

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2

Kijko, Andrzej. "On Bayesian procedure for maximum earthquake magnitude estimation." Research in Geophysics 2, no. 1 (May 17, 2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rg.2012.e7.

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This work is focused on the Bayesian procedure for the estimation of the regional maximum possible earthquake magnitude <em>m</em><sub>max</sub>. The paper briefly discusses the currently used Bayesian procedure for m<sub>max</sub>, as developed by Cornell, and a statistically justifiable alternative approach is suggested. The fundamental problem in the application of the current Bayesian formalism for <em>m</em><sub>max</sub> estimation is that one of the components of the posterior distribution is the sample likelihood function, for which the range of observations (earthquake magnitudes) depends on the unknown parameter <em>m</em><sub>max</sub>. This dependence violates the property of regularity of the maximum likelihood function. The resulting likelihood function, therefore, reaches its maximum at the maximum observed earthquake magnitude <em>m</em><sup>obs</sup><sub>max</sub> and not at the required maximum <em>possible</em> magnitude <em>m</em><sub>max</sub>. Since the sample likelihood function is a key component of the posterior distribution, the posterior estimate of <em>m^</em><sub>max</sub> is biased. The degree of the bias and its sign depend on the applied Bayesian estimator, the quantity of information provided by the prior distribution, and the sample likelihood function. It has been shown that if the maximum posterior estimate is used, the bias is negative and the resulting underestimation of <em>m</em><sub>max</sub> can be as big as 0.5 units of magnitude. This study explores only the maximum posterior estimate of <em>m</em><sub>max</sub>, which is conceptionally close to the classic maximum likelihood estimation. However, conclusions regarding the shortfall of the current Bayesian procedure are applicable to all Bayesian estimators, <em>e.g.</em> posterior mean and posterior median. A simple, <em>ad hoc</em> solution of this non-regular maximum likelihood problem is also presented.

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3

Meyer, D. F., A. S. Nealis, K. R. Bruckdorfer, and S. J. Perkins. "Characterization of the structure of polydisperse human low-density lipoprotein by neutron scattering." Biochemical Journal 310, no. 2 (September 1, 1995): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3100407.

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Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in plasma are constructed from a single molecule of apolipoprotein B-100 (M(r) 512000) in association with lipid (approximate M(r) 2-3 x 10(6)). The gross structure was studied using an updated pulsed-neutron camera LOQ with an area detector to establish the basis for the interpretation of structural changes seen during dynamic studies of LDL oxidation. Neutron-scattering data for LDL in 100% 2H2O buffers emphasize their external appearance. Guinier analysis on a continuous-flux neutron camera D17 revealed pronounced concentration-dependences in the radius of gyration, RG, and the intensity of forward scattering, I(0) (equivalent to the M(r) of LDL) between 0.5 and 11 mg of LDL protein/ml. LDL preparations from different donors gave different RG values. When extrapolated to zero concentration, RG values ranged between 8.3 and 10.6 nm and were linearly correlated with M(r), which is consistent with a spherical structure. The distance-distribution function P(r) in real space showed a single maximum at 9.1-10.9 nm, which is just under half the observed maximum dimension of 23.1 +/- 1.2 nm expected for a spherical structure. The neutron radial-density function p(r) exhibited a plateau of high and featureless density at the centre of LDL. LDL can be modelled by a polydisperse assembly of spheres with two internal densities and a mean radius close to 10.0 nm in a normal distribution of radii with a standard deviation of 2.0 nm. The data are consistent with recent electron-microscopy and ultracentrifugation data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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4

Arellano-Córdova, K. Z., C. Esteban, J. García-Rojas, and J. E. Méndez-Delgado. "On the radial abundance gradients of nitrogen and oxygen in the inner Galactic disc." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3903.

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ABSTRACT We present optical spectra of nine Galactic H ii regions observed with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias telescope and located at Galactocentric distances (RG) from 4 to 8 kpc. The distances of the objects have been revised using Gaia DR2 parallaxes. We determine the electron temperature for all the nebulae, which allows a precise computation of their ionic abundances. We have included published data of an additional sample of Galactic H ii regions, providing a final data set of 42 objects. The shape of the radial gradients of O/H and N/H is linear and constant, discarding any substantial change of the slope, at least for RG between 4 and 17 kpc. The small dispersion of the O/H and N/H values with respect to the computed gradients imply the absence of significant azimuthal variations of the chemical abundances, at least in the quadrant covered by our observations. We find an almost flat N/O versus O/H diagram relation. This result is not observed in other nearby spiral galaxies except M31. Finally, we compare our computed gradients with those obtained using far-infrared (FIR) spectra. We confirm the significant offset in the N/O distribution between the optical and FIR observations. Possible explanations involve ionization correction factors and the strong dependence on density of the abundance determinations based on FIR lines.

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5

Hickling, Holly L., Larry A. Viehland, Dessa T. . Shepherd, Pavel Soldán, Edmond P. F. Lee, and Timothy G. Wright. "Spectroscopy of M+·Rg and transport coefficients of M+in Rg (M = Rb–Fr; Rg = He–Rn)." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, no. 17 (2004): 4233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b405221h.

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6

Gardner, Adrian M., Carolyn D. Withers, Jack B. Graneek, Timothy G. Wright, Larry A. Viehland, and W. H. Breckenridge. "Theoretical Study of M+−RG and M2+−RG Complexes and Transport of M+through RG (M = Be and Mg, RG = He−Rn)." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 114, no. 28 (July 22, 2010): 7631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp103836t.

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7

Gardner, Adrian M., Kayla A. Gutsmiedl, Timothy G. Wright, Edmond P. F. Lee, W. H. Breckenridge, Shristi Rajbhandari, Chivone Y. N. Chapman, and Larry A. Viehland. "Theoretical Study of M+−RG Complexes (M = Ga, In; RG = He−Rn)." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 115, no. 25 (June 30, 2011): 6979–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp1122079.

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8

Bililign, Solomon, Maciej Gutowski, Jack Simons, and W. H. Breckenridge. "Potential energy curves of M(np 2P)⋅RG(2Π) excited states and M+⋅RG ground states (M=Li, Na; RG=He, Ne)." Journal of Chemical Physics 100, no. 11 (June 1994): 8212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466764.

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9

Burns, Katherine L., D. Bellert, Allen W. K. Leung, and W. H. Breckenridge. "M+/Rg bonding: The effects of M+ permanent quadrupole moments (M+= atomic metal ion; Rg=rare gas atom)." Journal of Chemical Physics 114, no. 18 (May 8, 2001): 7877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361250.

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10

Symonds, Peter. "The Reduction of an RG–Lattice Modulo pn." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 42, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 342–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1990-019-0.

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We define the cover of an RG-module V to consist of an RG lattice Ṽ and a homomorphism π : Ṽ→ V such that π induces an isomorphism on Ext*RG(M, —) for any RG-lattice M. Here G is a finite group and, for simplicity in this introduction, R is a complete discrete valuation ring of characteristic zero with prime element p and perfect valuation class field. Let pn(G) be the highest power of p that divides |G| and, given an RG-lattice M, let pn(M) be the smallest power of p such that pn(M) idM : M→M factors through a projective lattice: n(M)≦n(G).

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11

Uc, Mehmet, Ortac Ones, and Mustafa Alkan. "On modules over groups." Filomat 30, no. 4 (2016): 1021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1604021u.

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For a finite group G, by the endomorphism ring of a module M over a commutative ring R, we define a structure for M to make it an RG-module so that we study the relations between the properties of R-modules and RG-modules. Mainly, we prove that RadRM is an RG-submodule of M if M is an RG- module; also RadRM ? RadRGM where RadAM is the intersection of the maximal A-submodule of module M over a ring A. We also verify that M is an injective (projective) R-module if and only if M is an injective (projective) RG-module.

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12

Medvedev, Alexander A., Vladimir V. Meshkov, Andrey V. Stolyarov, and Michael C. Heaven. "Ab initio interatomic potentials and transport properties of alkali metal (M = Rb and Cs)–rare gas (Rg = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) media." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 40 (2018): 25974–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04397c.

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13

Rodrigues, Celina Cândida Ferreira, Maria Do Rosário Alves Patriota, Bernardo Barbosa da Silva, and André Bezerra Oliveira. "Influência entre relação de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e radiação global na produtividade primária bruta para Santa Rita do Passa Quatro - SP." Ciência e Natura 40 (March 22, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x30636.

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This work aims to establish a relationship between the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the global radiation (Rg) for Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (SP), during the period from February 2005 to February 2006 and evaluate its impact on gross primary production (GPP). Data of Rg (Wm-2) and PAR (μmols s-1m-2) were obtained from the mirometeorological tower located in Gleba Cerrado Giant Foot. Data analysis allowed the establishment of a linear equation to express the relationship between PAR (MJ m-2) and Rg (MJ m-2) as: PAR = 0.3787 Rg or PAR = 1.742 Rg, for PAR (μmols s-1m-2) and Rg (MJ m-2). This relationship is indicated for the GPP determination when there is no PAR measurements.

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14

PUTHENPURAKAL, TONY J. "Local cohomology modules of invariant rings." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 160, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004115000729.

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AbstractLetKbe a field and letRbe a regular domain containingK. LetGbe a finite subgroup of the group of automorphisms ofR. We assume that |G| is invertible inK. LetRGbe the ring of invariants ofG. LetIbe an ideal inRG. Fixi⩾ 0. IfRGis Gorenstein then:(i)injdimRGHiI(RG) ⩽ dim SuppHiI(RG);(ii)$H^j_{\mathfrak{m}}$(HiI(RG)) is injective, where$\mathfrak{m}$is any maximal ideal ofRG;(iii)μj(P, HiI(RG)) =μj(P′,HiIR(R)) whereP′ is any prime inRlying aboveP.We also prove that ifPis a prime ideal inRGwithRGPnot Gorensteinthen either the bass numbersμj(P, HiI(RG)) is zero for alljor there existscsuch thatμj(P, HiI(RG)) = 0 forj<candμj(P, HiI(RG)) > 0 for allj⩾c.

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15

Dambis, Andrei K., Leonid N. Berdnikov, Alexei S. Rastorguev, and Marina V. Zabolotskikh. "Proper-Motion Based Kinematics Study of Galactic RR Lyraes." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S317 (August 2015): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315007279.

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AbstractWe use the UCAC4 and SDSS proper motions of about 7500 RR Lyrae type variables located within ~10 kpc from the Sun to study the dependence of their velocity ellipsoid on Galactocentric distance in the RG = 3–17 kpc interval. The radial velocity dispersion, σVR, decreases from ~190 km/s at RG = 3.5–5.5 kpc down to ~100 km/s at RG = 13–15 kpc, and the σVT/σVR ratio remains virtually constant (σVT/σVR ~0.54–0.64) in the Galactocentric distance interval from RG = 4.5 kpc to RG = 10.5 kpc increasing to ~0.9 both toward the Galactic center and beyond RG = 11 kpc.

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16

Burns, Katherine L., D. Bellert, Allen W. K. Leung, and W. H. Breckenridge. "The effects of dispersive Cn/Rn-attraction on M+/Rg bonding (M+=atomic metal ion, Rg=rare gas atom)." Journal of Chemical Physics 114, no. 7 (February 15, 2001): 2996–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1328748.

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17

Harris, Joe P., Hannah Dodson, W. H. Breckenridge, and Timothy G. Wright. "HM+–RG complexes (M = group 2 metal; RG = rare gas): Physical vs. chemical interactions." Journal of Chemical Physics 142, no. 15 (April 21, 2015): 154302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4918348.

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18

Kaup, John G., and W. H. Breckenridge. "Singlet-to-Triplet Energy Transfer within M(RG)n van der Waals Clusters (M = Mg, Zn; RG = Ar, Kr, Xe)." Journal of Physical Chemistry 99, no. 37 (September 1995): 13701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100037a018.

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19

Nishimura, Tomoyasu, Masayuki Shimoda, Eiko Tamizu, Shunsuke Uno, Yoshifumi Uwamino, Shoko Kashimura, Ikuya Yano, and Naoki Hasegawa. "The rough colony morphotype of Mycobacterium avium exhibits high virulence in human macrophages and mice." Journal of Medical Microbiology 69, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1020–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001224.

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Introduction. The incidence of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease (MAC PD), a refractory chronic respiratory tract infection, is increasing worldwide. MAC has three predominant colony morphotypes: smooth opaque (SmO), smooth transparent (SmT) and rough (Rg). Aim. To determine whether colony morphotypes can predict the prognosis of MAC PD, we evaluated the virulence of SmO, SmT and Rg in mice and in human macrophages. Methodology. We compared the characteristics of mice and human macrophages infected with the SmO, SmT, or Rg morphotypes of M. avium subsp. hominissuis 104. C57BL/6 mice and human macrophages derived from peripheral mononuclear cells were used in these experiments. Results. In comparison to SmO- or SmT-infected mice, Rg-infected mice revealed severe pathologically confirmed pneumonia, increased lung weight and increased lung bacterial burden. Rg-infected macrophages revealed significant cytotoxicity, increased bacterial burden, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokines (CCL5 and CCL3), and formation of cell clusters. Rg formed larger bacterial aggregates than SmO and SmT. Cytotoxicity, bacterial burden and secretion of IL-6, CCL5 and CCL3 were induced strongly by Rg infection, and were decreased by disaggregation of the bacteria. Conclusion. M. avium Rg, which is associated with bacterial aggregation, has the highest virulence among the predominant colony morphotypes.

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20

GLADYSHEV, A. V., and D. I. KAZAKOV. "RENORMALIZATION GROUP IMPROVED RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS TO THE SUPERSYMMETRIC HIGGS BOSON MASSES." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 40 (December 28, 1995): 3129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395003288.

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The one-loop radiative corrections to the Higgs boson potential in the MSSM, originating from the top quark and squark loops, are summed in the leading log approximation using the renormalization group (RG). The RG improved effective potential is minimized and the corrections to the CP-odd and CP-even Higgs boson masses are calculated. The resulting masses exhibit smoother top mass dependence than those calculated without RG summation. We have also found that for preferable values of the top mass the light Higgs mass does not exceed 100 GeV.

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21

Apáez Barrios, Maricela, José Alberto Salvador Escalante Estrada, María Teresa Rodríguez Gonzalez, Eliseo Sosa Montes, and Patricio Apáez Barrios. "Distancia entre hileras, nitrógeno y producción de garbanzo en humedad residual." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 7, no. 2 (October 6, 2017): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v7i2.339.

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El garbanzo se utiliza en la alimentación humana y animal. Se cultiva sin fertilización, a 80 cm de distancia entre hileras con rendimiento de 0.6 t ha-1. Un adecuado arreglo topológico y fertilización nitrogenada puede incrementar el rendimiento del garbanzo. El objetivo fue determinar, bajo condiciones de humedad residual, el arreglo topológico y dosis de nitrógeno apropiadas para incrementar el rendimiento y rentabilidad económica. El estudio se estableció en Huitzuco, Guerrero, México, en 2011. Se utilizó un criollo, sembrado a 40 y 80 cm de distancia entre hileras (D40 y D80, respectivamente), y fertilizado con 0, 50 y 100 kg de N ha-1 (N0, N50 y N100, respectivamente). Se evaluó biomasa total (BT), índice de cosecha (IC), rendimiento de grano (RG), eficiencia en el uso del agua para BT (EUAB) y RG (EUAG). Los resultados se analizaron con SAS y Prueba de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad. Además se aplicó un análisis económico. Los resultados indican que la BT, RG, IC, EUAG, EUAB fueron afectados significativamente por D, N y D*N. Con D40 y N100 se logró la mayor BT (818 g m-2), IC (31%), RG (227 g m-2), EUAG (0.68 g m-2 mm-1) y EUAB (2.15 g m-2 mm-1). El incremento en RG resultó del aumento en el número de vainas (781 m-2), peso de cien granos (51 g), número de granos (791 m-2) y ganancia económica ($20 649). El requerimiento de calor fue de 2 295 °C días y evapotranspiración de 380 mm de siembra a madurez fisiológica.

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22

Tabayashi, Kiyohiko, and Kosuke Shobatake. "Collision energy dependence of the cross sections for the dissociative excitation reactions: Rg(3P0,2) +NH3→Rg+NH(A 3Π, c 1Π)+H2 (Rg=Ar, Kr)." Journal of Chemical Physics 84, no. 9 (May 1986): 4930–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449980.

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23

Andrejeva, Anna, Adrian M. Gardner, Jack B. Graneek, Richard J. Plowright, W. H. Breckenridge, and Timothy G. Wright. "Theoretical Study of M+–RG2 (M+ = Li, Na, Be, Mg; RG = He–Rn)." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 117, no. 50 (October 2, 2013): 13578–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp4075652.

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24

PALHARES, LETÍCIA F., and EDUARDO S. FRAGA. "RENORMALIZATION GROUP FLOW IN COLD AND DENSE YUKAWA THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 09 (October 2007): 2806–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307008458.

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We analyze the role of renormalization group (RG) running of the coupling and fermion masses in perturbative Yukawa theory at finite density. The dependence of the RG flow on the number of fermion flavors is discussed. Results for the fermionic contribution to the two-loop pressure at zero temperature and finite density are presented for NF = 4, and finite fermion mass effects are shown to be an important correction.

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25

Öneş, Ortaç, Mustafa Alkan, and Mehmet Uc. "On submodules of modules over group rings." Filomat 34, no. 2 (2020): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2002575o.

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In this paper, we find some connections between submodules of a module over a group ring RG and subgroups of a group G. Also, we prove that there is a direct connection between conjugate elements of G and RG-submodules of M. Finally, we show that there is a correspondence between the associative powers ?iM(G) of ?M(G) and ith dimension subgroups ?(?i R(G)) of G over R.

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26

Aguilar, Cristina, Rafael Pimentel, and María J. Polo. "Two decades of distributed global radiation time series across a mountainous semiarid area (Sierra Nevada, Spain)." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 1335–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1335-2021.

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Abstract. The main drawback of the reconstruction of high-resolution distributed global radiation (Rg) time series in mountainous semiarid environments is the common lack of station-based solar radiation registers. This work presents 19 years (2000–2018) of high-spatial-resolution (30 m) daily, monthly, and annual global radiation maps derived using the GIS-based model proposed by Aguilar et al. (2010) in a mountainous area in southern Europe: Sierra Nevada (SN) mountain range (Spain). The model was driven by in situ daily global radiation measurements, from 16 weather stations with historical records in the area; a 30 m digital elevation model; and 240 cloud-free Landsat images. The applicability of the modeling scheme was validated against daily global radiation records at the weather stations. Mean RMSE values of 2.63 MJ m−2 d−1 and best estimations on clear-sky days were obtained. Daily Rg at weather stations revealed greater variations in the maximum values but no clear trends with altitude in any of the statistics. However, at the monthly and annual scales, there is an increase in the high extreme statistics with the altitude of the weather station, especially above 1500 m a.s.l. Monthly Rg maps showed significant spatial differences of up to 200 MJ m−2 per month that clearly followed the terrain configuration. July and December were clearly the months with the highest and lowest values of Rg received, and the highest scatter in the monthly Rg values was found in the spring and fall months. The monthly Rg distribution was highly variable along the study period (2000–2018). Such variability, especially in the wet season (October–May), determined the interannual differences of up to 800 MJ m−2 yr−1 in the incoming global radiation in SN. The time series of the surface global radiation datasets here provided can be used to analyze interannual and seasonal variation characteristics of the global radiation received in SN with high spatial detail (30 m). They can also be used as cross-validation reference data for other global radiation distributed datasets generated in SN with different spatiotemporal interpolation techniques. Daily, monthly, and annual datasets in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.921012 (Aguilar et al., 2021).

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Golubtsova, Anastasia. "Holographic RG flow at zero and finite temperatures." EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 05012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819105012.

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We consider a 5d holographic model with a dilaton potential representing a sum of exponential functions. We construct Poincaré invatiant and black brane solutions with AdS and non-AdS boundaries. Under the holographic duality these solutions can be interpreted as RG flows. We discuss the dependence of the running coupling on the energy through the constructed solutions.

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Tabayashi, Kiyohiko, and Kosuke Shobatake. "Collision energy dependence of the cross sections for the electronic excitation transfer reactions: Rg(3P0,2)+N2(X 1Σg)→Rg(1S0) +N2(C 3Πu) (Rg=Ar, Kr)." Journal of Chemical Physics 84, no. 9 (May 1986): 4919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450822.

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29

Brand, Genevieve, Bruce Vondracek, and Nicholas R. Jordan. "Influence of grazing and land use on stream-channel characteristics among small dairy farms in the Eastern United States." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 30, no. 6 (September 30, 2014): 524–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170514000362.

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AbstractRotational grazing (RG) is a livestock management practice that rotates grazing cattle on a scale of hours to days among small pastures termed paddocks. It may beneficially affect stream channels, relative to other livestock management practices. Such effects and other beneficial effects on hydrology are important to RG's potential to provide a highly multifunctional mode of livestock farming. Previous comparisons of effects of RG and confinement dairy (CD) on adjoining streams have been restricted in scale and scope. We examined 11 stream-channel characteristics on a representative sample of 37 small dairy farms that used either RG or CD production methods. Our objectives were: (1) to compare channel characteristics on RG and CD farms, as these production methods are implemented in practice, in New York, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, USA; and (2) to examine land use on these farms that may affect stream-channel characteristics. To help interpret channel characteristic findings, we examined on-farm land use in riparian areas 50 m in width along both sides of stream reaches and whole-farm land use. In all states, stream-channel characteristics on RG and CD farms did not differ. Whole-farm land use differed significantly between farm types; CD farms allocated more land to annual row crops, whereas RG farms allocated more land to pasture and grassland. However, land cover in 50 m riparian areas was not different between farm types within states; in particular, many RG and CD farms had continuously grazed pastures in riparian areas, typically occupied by juvenile and non-lactating cows, which may have contributed sediment and nutrients to streams. This similarity in riparian management practices may explain the observed similarity of farm types with respect to stream-channel characteristics. To realize the potential benefits of RG on streams, best management practices that affect stream-channel characteristics, such as protection of riparian areas, may improve aggregate effects of RG on stream quality and also enhance other environment, economic and social benefits of RG.

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CALCAGNI, GIANLUCA. "MULTIFRACTIONAL SPACETIMES, ASYMPTOTIC SAFETY AND HOŘAVA–LIFSHITZ GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 28, no. 19 (July 30, 2013): 1350092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x13500929.

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We compare the recently formulated multifractional spacetimes with field theories of quantum gravity based on the renormalization group (RG), such as asymptotic safety and Hořava–Lifshitz gravity. The change of spacetime dimensionality with the probed scale is realized in both cases by an adaptation of the measurement tools ("rods") to the scale, but in different ways. In the multifractional case, by an adaptation of the position-space measure, which can be encoded into an explicit scale dependence of effective coordinates. In the case of RG-based theories, by an adaptation of the momenta. The two pictures are mapped into each other, thus presenting the fractal structure of spacetime in RG-based theories under an alternative perspective.

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Campbell, H. E. A., I. Hughes, and R. D. Pollack. "Rings of Invariants and p-Sylow Subgroups." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 34, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1991-007-0.

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AbstractLet V be a vector space of dimension n over a field k of characteristic p. Let G ⊆ Gl(V) be a finite group with p-Sylow subgroup P. G and P act on the symmetric algebra R of V. Denote the respective rings of invariants by RG and Rp. We show that if Rp is Cohen-Macaulay (CM) so also is RG, generalizing a result of M. Hochster and J. A. Eagon. If P is normal in G and G is generated by P and pseudo-reflections, we show that if RG is CM so also is Rp. However, in general, RG may even be polynomial with Rp not CM. Finally, we give a procedure for determining a set of generators for RG given a set of generators for Rp.

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32

TAMPAKE, HELDERING, and H. T. LUNTUNGAN. "PENDUGAAN PARAMETER GENETIK DAN KORELASI ANTAR SIFAT-SIFAT MORFOLOGI KELAPA (Cocos nucifera, Linn)." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n3.2002.97-102.

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<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter genetik dan korelasi antar sifat-sifat morfologi kelapa. Bahan lanaman yang digunakan adalah 19 populasi kelapa lokal hasil koleksi dan beberapa pulau di Indonesia, ditanam di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon, Jawa Barat pada tahun 1978 dan 1982. Tinggi tempat 450 m di atas permukaan laut dengan tipe iklim Bl menurut Oldeman. Jumlah tanaman 100 pohon, dengan jarak tanam 9 m x 9 m scgi empat untuk kelapa Dalam dan 60 pohon kelapa Genjah dengan jarak tanam 7 m x 7 m scgi empat sciiap populasi. Pengamatan dilaksanakan dalam dua lahap Mei-Agusius 1996 pada 14 populasi dan Juni-Agustus 2000 pada 5 populasi saat tanaman kelapa berumur 18 tahun. Tanaman yang diamati 4 pohon diulang 3 kali setiap populasi sehingga total tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 19x4x3 « 228 pohon. Sifat yang diamati meliputi sifat-sifat morfologi batang, daun dan rangkaian bunga Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas genetik sifal-sifal morfologi kelapa umumnya sempil. Beberapa sifat seperti: diameter batang 1,5 m dai permukaan lanah, panjang batang 11 bckas daun, langkai bunga tanpa bunga betina, dan jumlah bunga betina menunjukkan variabilitas genetik yang luas Pada umumnya hcritabilitas dalam am luas dan kemajuan genetik dalam persen untuk semua sifat tinggi, kecuali hentabilitas sifat tangkai bunga membawa bunga betina bemilai sedang. Terdapat korelasi genetik positif yang nyata pada sifat-sifat morfologi batang dengan daun dan rangkaian bunga, kecuali dengan jumlah bunga betina/tandan dan jumlah tandan/ph/lh. Dari 15 sifat yang diamati, hanya 6 sifat yang mempunyai korelasi genetik nyata dengan sifat jumlah bunga betina/tandan yaitu: diameter batang 1.5 m dari permukaan lanah (rg = -0.5215*), panjang batang 11 bckas daun (rg • -0.5369*), lebar anak daun (rg ■ -0.5961**), tebal tangkai landan (rg = 0.5802**), panjang rangkaian bunga (rg ■ -0,6143**), dan panjang tangkai bunga (rg = -0.4907*), sehingga sifat-sifat tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai kiteia seleksi untuk memperoleh jumlah bunga betina banyak per mayang pada lanaman kelapa.</p><p>Kata kunci: Kelapa, parameter genetik, korelasi, sifat morfologi</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Correlation Between Morphological Traits in Coconut (Cocos nucifera, Linn)</strong></p><p>The objective of this experiment was to determine genetic parameters and correlation between morphological trails on the coconut population. A total of 19 local coconut populations were collected from some islands in Indonesia, planted at Pakuwon Experimental Garden, West Java in 1978 and 1982. The altitude is 450 meters above sea level with climate type Bl Oldeman. The total number of sample is 100 palms for each tall coconut with planting distance 9 x 9 m and 60 palms for each dwarf coconut with planting distance 7 x 7m. The observation was done in two steps i.e.: May - August 1996 on 14 populations and June - August 2000 on 5 populations when the coconut population was 18 years old. A number of 4 palms with 3 replications were observed of each population to measure morphological traits of he stem, leaf and inflorescence. Therefore, the total palms used in the experiment were 19 x 4 x 3 = 228. The results revealed that the genetic vaiability of coconut morphological trait were generally narrow. A few traits i.e.: stem diameter 1 5 m from ground level, stem length of 11 leaf scars, spadix without female flower, and number of female flowers/bunch showed a wide degree of variability. In general, the heritabilily estimates in broad sense and genetic gained in percent for all trails were high, except the henlability of spadix with female flower Irait was lowly. A positive significant genetic correlation were found to the morphology traits of stem with leaf and inllorcsccncc except Uic number of female flower/bunch and number of bunch/palm/ycar. From fifteen traits, only six traits had significant genetic correlation with the number of female flower Ihcy were diameter stem 1 5 m from ground level (rg 0.5215*), stem length of 11 leaf scars (rg - -0.5369'), leaflet width (rg - -0.5961**), peduncle thickness (rg 0.5802**), length of inflorescence (rg -0.6143**), and length of spadix (rg -0.4907*), and these traits could be used as selection criteria for selecting high female flower bunch on the coconut.</p><p>Keywords ;Cocos nucifera. genetic parameters, correlation, mor- phological trails</p>

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Soares, Emílio Alberto Amaral, Ingo Wahnfried, and Rodolfo Dino. "Subsurface stratigraphy of the cretaceous-neogene sedimentary sequence of Manaus and Itacoatiara regions, Central Amazon." Geologia USP. Série Científica 16, no. 1 (April 7, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v16i1p23-41.

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O arcabouço estratigráfico pós-paleozoico da região de Manaus e Itacoatiara (Amazônia Central) foi elaborado com base em quatro seções geológicas contendo principalmente dados geofísicos e litológicos de 15 poços tubulares com até 300 m de profundidade, complementado com descrições de afloramentos. A definição de padrões específicos das curvas de raios gama natural (RG) e resistividade (RE) permitiu a individualização das unidades sedimentares inferior, intermediária e superior e seus contatos (descontinuidades S1 e S2). A unidade inferior, definida a partir da cota de -130 m, é constituída principalmente de folhelho, cujas repetições diagráficas das curvas de RG e RE caracterizam os padrões de curva tipos funil e serrilhado. A unidade intermediária, definida nas cotas entre 20 a -180 m, é constituída por intercalações de arenitos, pelitos e conglomerados, que geram repetições cíclicas de valores das diagrafias de RG e RE, gerando os padrões serrilhado e sino. A unidade superior, definida na cota de -30 m até a superfície do terreno, é constituída principalmente de arenitos com intercalações restritas de pelitos, que definem os padrões simétrico (curva de RG) e caixote (curvas de RE e RG). O posicionamento estratigráfico das unidades inferior, intermediária e superior nas seções, bem como o aspecto litológico e as relações com as superfícies limitantes, aliado a dados estratigráficos e geocronológicos regionais permitiram sua respectiva associação com as formações Nova Olinda-Andirá (Paleozoico), Alter do Chão (Cretáceo) e Novo Remanso (Neógeno) da Bacia do Amazonas. Em função da densa cobertura de vegetação e solo, os aspectos litológicos e padrões diagráficos descritos para cada unidade podem servir de base para o estudo da cobertura sedimentar pós-paleozoicas da Amazônia

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Liffman, Kurt. "The Gravitational Radius of an Irradiated Disk." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 20, no. 4 (2003): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as03019.

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AbstractWe derive an updated, analytic formula for the gravitational radius, rg, of an irradiated, thin disk. For such a disk, the region outside the gravitational radius will produce a thermal wind, while the region interior to the gravitational radius will be stable. We find that rg ≈ 1.4 (M*/M⊙)/(T0/104K) AU. The value of 1.4 AU is approximately one fifth of currently used values.The analysis uses the adiabatic approximation. We argue that the same formula applies for the non-adiabatic, isothermal case.

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Andrejeva, Anna, Adrian M. Gardner, Jack B. Graneek, W. H. Breckenridge, and Timothy G. Wright. "Theoretical Study of M+–RG2: (M+ = Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra; RG = He–Rn)." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 119, no. 23 (January 29, 2015): 5995–6005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp511817g.

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Prudêncio, Thiago. "Cutoff-independent RG flow equations for two-coupled chains model." Modern Physics Letters B 28, no. 32 (December 30, 2014): 1450247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914502479.

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One-dimensional strongly correlated electron systems coupled via transverse hopping and presence of interband interactions can converge to a Luttinger liquid state or diverge to an even more intricate behavior, as a Mott state. Explicit consideration of the renormalization group (RG) flow of the Fermi points in the Fermi surface, turns the classification of phase transitions more challenging. We reconsider the recent paper for the spinless case [E. Correa and A. Ferraz, Eur. Phys. J. B 87 (2014) 51], where RG flow equations are derived in a cutoff-dependent form up to two-loops order. We demonstrate that the cutoff-dependence can be removed by rewriting the RG flow equations in terms of the energy scale variable. In our paper, the RG flow equations assume a cutoff-independent form and leads to fixed points independent of cutoff choice. The consequence is the invariance under cutoff transformations, more suitable for classifying universality classes and phase transitions.

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LEE, BUM-HOON, SHESANSU SEKHAR PAL, and SANG-JIN SIN. "RG FLOW OF TRANSPORT QUANTITIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 13 (May 16, 2012): 1250071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x12500716.

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The RG flow equation of various transport quantities are studied in arbitrary space–time dimensions, in the fixed as well as fluctuating background geometry both for the Maxwellian and DBI type of actions. The regularity condition on the flow equation of the conductivity at the horizon for the DBI action reproduces naturally the leading order result of Hartnoll et al. [J. High Energy Phys. 04, 120 (2010)]. Motivated by the result of van der Marel et al. [Science 425, 271 (2003], we studied, analytically, the conductivity versus frequency plane by dividing it into three distinct parts: ω < T, ω > T and ω ≫ T. In order to compare, we choose (3+1)-dimensional bulk space–time for the computation of the conductivity. In the ω < T range, the conductivity does not show up the Drude like form in any space–time dimensions. In the ω > T range and staying away from the horizon, for the DBI action with unit dynamical exponent, nonzero magnetic field and charge density, the conductivity goes as ω-2/3, whereas the phase of the conductivity, goes as, arctan ( Im σxx/ Re σxx) = π/6 and arctan ( Im σxy/ Re σxy) = -π/3. There exists a universal quantity at the horizon that is the phase angle of conductivity, which either vanishes or an integral multiple of π. Furthermore, we calculate the temperature dependence to the thermoelectric and the thermal conductivity at the horizon. The charge diffusion constant for the DBI action is studied.

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Jeong, Tae-Jun, Tae-Kyung Kim, Hyun-Wook Kim, and Yun-Sang Choi. "Effects of red glasswort as sodium chloride substitute on the physicochemical properties of pork loin ham." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0193.

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Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of red glasswort (RG) (<i>Salicornia herbacea</i> L.) curing on the physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of cooked pork loin ham (<i>M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum</i>).Methods: All treatments were cured with different salt and RG powder levels. RG0 treatment was prepared with only 4% NaCl (w/w) as a control, and RG25, 3% NaCl:1% RG (w/w); RG50, 2% NaCl:2% RG (w/w); RG75, 1% NaCl:3% RG (w/w); RG100, 0% NaCl:4% RG (w/w) treatments were prepared sequentially. All samples were individually vacuum packaged in polyethylene bags and stored for 7 d at 3°C±1°C.Results: The results showed that as the rate of RG substitution increased, pH value, redness, myofibrillar protein solubility, and myofibrillar fragmentation index increased (p<0.05), but salt concentration and shear force decreased (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in cooking loss and moisture content. In terms of sensory evaluation, RG100 exhibited higher scores in tenderness and juiciness than RG0 (p<0.05).Conclusion: The partial substitution of NaCl by RG could improve the physicochemical properties, textural and sensory characteristics of cooked pork loin. Therefore, it is suggested that RG as a natural salt replacer could be an effective ingredient for developing low-sodium cured hams.

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Katz, A., I. Vlodavsky, M. Davies, H. Q. Miao, S. A. Ben-Sasson, D. Darmon, H. Hurwitz, H. Borgel, and M. Benezra. "Antiproliferative activity to glomerular mesangial cells and receptor binding of a heparin-mimicking polyaromatic anionic compound." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 8, no. 11 (November 1997): 1688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v8111688.

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Proliferation of mesangial cells (MC) is a key feature in the pathogenesis of numerous renal diseases involving the glomerulus. Heparin, one of several compounds capable of suppressing MC proliferation, did not prove beneficial in the treatment of human glomerular diseases. In a search for a superior antiproliferative agent, a synthetic polyaromatic "heparin mimicking" compound (RG-13577, polymer of 4-hydroxyphenoxy acetic acid, M(r) approximately 5800), previously reported to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, was applied. RG-13577 exhibits approximately 1% of the anticoagulant activity of heparin and is nontoxic in animal experiments. Proliferation of primary rat MC was almost completely inhibited in the presence of 10 to 25 micrograms/ml RG-13577, and 50% inhibition was obtained at 1 to 5 micrograms/ml RG-13577. The cells resumed their normal growth rate after removal of RG-13577 from the culture medium. Under the same conditions, heparin exerted only a small inhibitors effect. RG-13577 inhibited signaling (i.e., tyrosine phosphorylation) and MC proliferation induced by both basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. RG-13577 binds to a naturally produced extracellular matrix, and the bound molecule retained its antiproliferative effect toward MC. 14C-Labeled RG-13577 also binds to cultured MC in a specific and saturable manner. Binding of 14C-RG-13577 was reduced by 80 to 90% in the presence of excess unlabeled RG-13577, apolipoprotein E, or lactoferrin, but there was no effect with heparin. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effect of RG-13577 was abolished in the presence of lactoferrin. It is proposed that compound RG-13577 inhibits MC proliferation through neutralization of growth-promoting factors, primarily heparin-binding growth factors, and possibly through binding to specific cell surface receptors, most likely the LDL receptor-related protein. RG-13577 and related polyanionic compounds may be applied to inhibit MC proliferation in glomerular diseases.

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Triantafyllopoulos, D. N. "The energy dependence of the saturation momentum from RG improved BFKL evolution." Nuclear Physics B 648, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(02)01000-3.

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Lynch, M. A., and L. A. Staehelin. "Domain-specific and cell type-specific localization of two types of cell wall matrix polysaccharides in the clover root tip." Journal of Cell Biology 118, no. 2 (July 15, 1992): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.118.2.467.

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Using immunocytochemical techniques and antibodies that specifically recognize xyloglucan (anti-XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan I (anti-PGA/RG-I), and methylesterified pectins (JIM 7), we have shown that these polysaccharides are differentially synthesized and localized during cell development and differentiation in the clover root tip. In cortical cells XG epitopes are present at a threefold greater density in the newly formed cross walls than in the older longitudinal walls, and PGA/RG-I epitopes are detected solely in the expanded middle lamella of cortical cell corners, even after pretreatment of sections with pectinmethylesterase to uncover masked epitopes. These results suggest that in cortical cells XG and PGA/RG-I are differentially localized not only to particular wall domains, but also to particular cell walls. In contrast to their nonoverlapping distribution in cortical cells, XG epitopes and PGA/RG-I epitopes largely colocalize in the epidermal cell walls. The results also demonstrate that the middle lamella of the longitudinal walls shared by epidermal cells and by epidermal and cortical cells constitutes a barrier to the diffusion of cell wall and mucilage molecules. Synthesis of XG and PGA/RG-I epitope-containing polysaccharides also varies during cellular differentiation in the root cap. The differentiation of gravitropic columella cells into mucilage-secreting peripheral cells is marked by a dramatic increase in the synthesis and secretion of molecules containing XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes. In contrast, JIM 7 epitopes are present at abundant levels in columella cell walls, but are not detectable in peripheral cell walls or in secreted mucilage. There were also changes in the cisternal labeling of the Golgi stacks during cellular differentiation in the root tip. Whereas PGA/RG-I epitopes are detected primarily in cis- and medial Golgi cisternae in cortical cells (Moore, P. J., K. M. M. Swords, M. A. Lynch, and L. A. Staehelin. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 112:589-602), they are localized predominantly in the trans-Golgi cisternae and the trans-Golgi network in epidermal and peripheral root cap cells. These observations suggest that during cellular differentiation the plant Golgi apparatus can be both structurally and functionally reorganized.

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Weibel, Charles. "Bott Periodicity for group rings An Appendix to “Periodicity of Hermitian K-groups”." Journal of K-theory 7, no. 3 (May 24, 2011): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/is011004009jkt152.

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PANGON, V., S. NAGY, J. POLONYI, and K. SAILER. "ONSET OF SYMMETRY BREAKING BY THE FUNCTIONAL RG METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 07n08 (March 30, 2011): 1327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11052839.

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A numerical algorithm is used to solve the bare and the effective potential for the scalar ϕ4 model in the local potential approximation. An approximate dynamical Maxwell-cut is found which reveals itself in the degeneracy of the action for modes at some scale. This result indicates that the potential develop singular field dependence as far as one can see it by an algorithm of limited numerical accuracy.

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Bezaire, Veronic, George J. F. Heigenhauser, and Lawrence L. Spriet. "Regulation of CPT I activity in intermyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal mitochondria from human and rat skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 286, no. 1 (January 2004): E85—E91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00237.2003.

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Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) is considered the rate-limiting enzyme in the transfer of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) into the mitochondria and is reversibly inhibited by malonyl-CoA (M-CoA) in vitro. In rat skeletal muscle, M-CoA levels decrease during exercise, releasing the inhibition of CPT I and increasing LCFA oxidation. However, in human skeletal muscle, M-CoA levels do not change during moderate-intensity exercise despite large increases in fat oxidation, suggesting that M-CoA is not the sole regulator of increased CPT I activity during exercise. In the present study, we measured CPT I activity in intermyofibrillar (IMF) and subsarcolemmal (SS) mitochondria isolated from human vastus lateralis (VL), rat soleus (Sol), and red gastrocnemius (RG) muscles. We tested whether exercise-related levels (∼65% maximal O2 uptake) of calcium and adenylate charge metabolites (free AMP, ADP, and Pi) could override the M-CoA-induced inhibition of CPT I activity and explain the increased CPT I flux during exercise. Protein content was ∼25-40% higher in IMF than in SS mitochondria in all muscles. Maximal CPT I activity was similar in IMF and SS mitochondria in all muscles (VL: 282 ± 46 vs. 280 ± 51; Sol: 390 ± 81 vs. 368 ± 82; RG: 252 ± 71 vs. 278 ± 44 nmol·min-1·mg protein-1). Sensitivity to M-CoA did not differ between IMF and SS mitochondria in all muscles (25-31% inhibition in VL, 52-70% in Sol and RG). Calcium and adenylate charge metabolites did not override the M-CoA-induced inhibition of CPT I activity in mitochondria isolated from VL, Sol, and RG muscles. Decreasing pH from 7.1 to 6.8 reduced CPT I activity by ∼34-40% in both VL mitochondrial fractions. In summary, this study reports no differences in CPT I activity or sensitivity to M-CoA between IMF and SS mitochondria isolated from human and rat skeletal muscles. Exercise-induced increases in calcium and adenylate charge metabolites do not appear responsible for upregulating CPT I activity in human or rat skeletal muscle during moderate aerobic exercise.

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Mauro, Matthew A. "Congratulations to the 2018 RSNA Outstanding Educator: David M. Yousem, MD, MBA." RadioGraphics 38, no. 7 (November 2018): 1897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.2018184011.

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Kadir, J. B., R. Charudattan, W. M. Stall, and T. A. Bewick. "Effect ofDactylaria higginsiion interference ofCyperus rotunduswithL. esculentum." Weed Science 47, no. 6 (December 1999): 682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500091335.

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Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the fungusDactylaria higginsiion the interference ofCyperus rotundus(purple nutsedge) withLycopersicon esculentum(tomato ‘Agroset').Cyperus rotundusplants established from tubers were planted at initial densities equivalent to 40, 80, 160, and 320 tubers m−2withL. esculentumin 35-cm-diam pots.Cyperus rotundusplants were inoculated by spraying with a spore suspension ofD. higginsiicontaining 0.5% Metamucil as a carrier. The treatments were Metamucil only, 104conidia ml−1+ Metamucil, or 106conidia ml−1+ Metamucil. In the absence ofD. higginsii, C. rotundusat densities of 80, 160, and 320 tubers m−2reducedL. esculentumyield by 14, 68, and 70%, respectively. In contrast, yield ofL. esculentumtreated withD. higginsiiat 106conidia ml−1was equal to that in the weed-free control. The rate of disease increase (rG) was higher in treatments with 106conidia ml−1(rG= 0.126 to 0.136) compared to 104conidia ml−1(rG= 0.046 to 0.050). At 106conidia ml−1D. higginsiireduced the interference fromC. rotundus, controlledC. rotundusbetter, and increasedL. esculentumyield compared to the weedy checks.

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Lee, Jae, Seung-Heon Ji, Bo-Ram Choi, Doo Choi, Yeong-Geun Lee, Hyoung-Geun Kim, Geum-Soog Kim, et al. "UPLC-QTOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Applied for the Quality Evaluation of Four Processed Panax ginseng Products." Molecules 23, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082062.

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In the food industry and herbal markets, it is critical to control the quality of processed Panax ginseng products. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS)-based metabolomics was applied for the quality evaluation of white ginseng (WG), tae-geuk ginseng (TG), red ginseng (RG), and black ginseng (BG). Diverse metabolites including ginsenosides were profiled by UPLC-QTOF/MS, and the datasets of WG, TG, RG, and BG were then subjected to multivariate analyses. In principal component analysis (PCA), four processed ginseng products were well-differentiated, and several ginsenosides were identified as major components of each product. S-plot also characterized the metabolic changes between two processed ginseng products, and the major ginsenosides of each product were found as follows: WG (M-Rb1, M-Rb2, M-Rc, Re, Rg1), TG (Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1), RG (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1), and BG (Rd, Rk1, Rg5, Rg3). Furthermore, the quantitative contents of ginsenosides were evaluated from the four processed ginseng products. Finally, it was indicated that the proposed metabolomics approach was useful for the quality evaluation and control of processed ginseng products.

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Aaker, Aaron, and M. H. Laughlin. "Diaphragm arterioles are less responsive to α1- adrenergic constriction than gastrocnemius arterioles." Journal of Applied Physiology 92, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 1808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01152.2001.

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The sympathetic nervous system has greater influence on vascular resistance in low-oxidative, fast-twitch skeletal muscle than in high-oxidative skeletal muscle (17). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that arterioles isolated from low-oxidative, fast-twitch skeletal muscle [the white portion of gastrocnemius (WG)] possess greater responsiveness to adrenergic constriction than arterioles isolated from high-oxidative skeletal muscle [red portion of the gastrocnemius muscle (RG) and diaphragm (Dia)]. Second-order arterioles (2As) were isolated from WG, RG, and Dia of rats and reactivity examined in vitro. Results reveal that Dia 2As constrict less to norepinephrine (NE) (10−9 to 10 −4 M) than 2As from RG and WG, which exhibited similar NE-induced constrictions. This difference was not endothelium dependent, because responses of denuded 2As were similar to those of intact arterioles. The blunted NE-induced constrictor response of Dia 2As appears to be the result of differences in α1-receptor effects because 1) arterioles from Dia also responded less to selective α1-receptor stimulation with phenylephrine than RG and WG arterioles; 2) arterioles from Dia, RG, and WG dilated similarly to isoproterenol (10−9 to 10−4 M) and did not respond to selective α2-receptor stimulation with UK-14304; and 3) endothelin-1 produced similar constriction in 2As from Dia, RG, and WG. We conclude that differences in oxidative capacity and/or fiber type composition of muscle tissue do not explain different NE responsiveness of Dia 2As compared with 2As from gastrocnemius muscle. Differences in α1-adrenergic constrictor responsiveness among arterioles in skeletal muscle may contribute to nonuniform muscle blood flow responses observed during exercise and serve to maintain blood flow to Dia during exercise-induced increases in sympathetic nerve activity.

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Petropoulos, G. P., M. R. North, G. Ireland, P. K. Srivastava, and D. V. Rendall. "Quantifying the prediction accuracy of a 1-D SVAT model at a range of ecosystems in the USA and Australia: evidence towards its use as a tool to study Earth's system interactions." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 10 (October 16, 2015): 3257–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3257-2015.

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Abstract. This paper describes the validation of the SimSphere SVAT (Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Transfer) model conducted at a range of US and Australian ecosystem types. Specific focus was given to examining the models' ability in predicting shortwave incoming solar radiation (Rg), net radiation (Rnet), latent heat (LE), sensible heat (H), air temperature at 1.3 m (Tair 1.3 m) and air temperature at 50 m (Tair 50 m). Model predictions were compared against corresponding in situ measurements acquired for a total of 72 selected days of the year 2011 obtained from eight sites belonging to the AmeriFlux (USA) and OzFlux (Australia) monitoring networks. Selected sites were representative of a variety of environmental, biome and climatic conditions, to allow for the inclusion of contrasting conditions in the model evaluation. Overall, results showed a good agreement between the model predictions and the in situ measurements, particularly so for the Rg, Rnet, Tair 1.3 m and Tair 50 m parameters. The simulated Rg parameter exhibited a root mean square deviation (RMSD) within 25 % of the observed fluxes for 58 of the 72 selected days, whereas an RMSD within ~ 24 % of the observed fluxes was reported for the Rnet parameter for all days of study (RMSD = 58.69 W m−2). A systematic underestimation of Rg and Rnet (mean bias error (MBE) = −19.48 and −16.46 W m−2) was also found. Simulations for the Tair 1.3 m and Tair 50 m showed good agreement with the in situ observations, exhibiting RMSDs of 3.23 and 3.77 °C (within ~ 15 and ~ 18 % of the observed) for all days of analysis, respectively. Comparable, yet slightly less satisfactory simulation accuracies were exhibited for the H and LE parameters (RMSDs = 38.47 and 55.06 W m−2, ~ 34 and ~ 28 % of the observed). Highest simulation accuracies were obtained for the open woodland savannah and mulga woodland sites for most of the compared parameters. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency index for all parameters ranges from 0.720 to 0.998, suggesting a very good model representation of the observations. To our knowledge, this study presents the most detailed evaluation of SimSphere done so far, and the first validation of it conducted in Australian ecosystem types. Findings are important and timely, given the expanding use of the model both as an educational and research tool today. This includes ongoing research by different space agencies examining its synergistic use with Earth observation data towards the development of global operational products.

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Ramírez-Gómez, Juan S., Roberto De la Rosa-Santamaría, Salvador Miranda-Colín, J. Jesús García-Zavala, José A. Mejía-Contreras, Armando García-Velázquez, and Luis M. Vargas-Villamil. "COMPORTAMIENTO AGRONÓMICO DEL MAÍZ TROPICAL DOSMESANO NATIVO DE TABASCO, MÉXICO BAJO DIFERENTES DENSIDADES DE SIEMBRA." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 43, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2020.3.251.

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El maíz dosmesano (Zea mays L.) es un tipo de maíz nativo utilizado en el sistema milpa de Tabasco, México, apreciado por su calidad de tortilla y por su gran adaptación a las condiciones del trópico mexicano. Es necesario generar recomendaciones de manejo agronómico para mejorar su aprovechamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el potencial productivo del maíz tropical dosmesano nativo de Tabasco, México bajo diferentes densidades de población, generadas con variantes de arreglos topológicos de distancia entre surcos (0.8 y 1.0 m), distancia entre matas (0.20 y 0.25 m) y número de semillas por mata (una y dos); adicionalmente, se incluyeron un testigo regional (TR) a 1.0 m entre surcos, 1.0 m entre matas y cuatro semillas/mata, y otro modificado (TRM) con 0.8 m entre surcos, 1.0 m entre matas, cuatro semillas/mata. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones, con arreglo factorial de tratamientos. Se registraron las variables días después de la siembra a 50 % de floración masculina (50 % FM) y 50 % de floración femenina (50 % FM), altura de mazorca (AM, cm), altura de planta (AP, cm), relación AP/AM, porcentaje de acame (PA), relación (AP/AM)/PA, porcentaje de plantas jorras (PPJ), porcentaje de prolificidad (PP) y rendimiento de grano (RG, kg ha-1). Se detectó interacción significativa de distancia entre surcos × número de semillas/mata para RG (P ≤ 0.01) y PPJ (P ≤ 0.01). El mayor RG (3869 kg ha-1) se observó en 1.0 m de distancia entre surcos y dos semillas por mata, con 80,000 plantas ha-1, y superó a TR que rindió 2198 kg ha-1. El mayor PPJ, 73 %, se observó en distancia entre surcos de 0.8 m y dos semillas por mata. Hubo triple interacción significativa en AP (P ≤ 0.01) y AM (P ≤ 0.01), ambas con distancia entre surcos de 0.8 m, distancia entre matas de 0.2 m y una semilla por mata, con media de 2.67 y 1.26 m, respectivamente. Existió efecto simple significativo del número de semillas por mata para PP (P ≤ 0.05), con 17 y 4 %, con una y dos semillas por mata, respectivamente. No se detectaron efectos significativos para 50 % FM, 50 % FF, PA, en la relación AP/AM y (AP/AM)/PA (P > 0.05). El RG observado indica alto potencial del cultivo bajo alta densidad poblacional, en comparación con el sistema tradicional de siembra.

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