Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dependency; Africa

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Dependency; Africa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Dependency; Africa"

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Mackatiani, Caleb Imbova. "Dependency in Africa: Exploitation in Aspiration to Educational Development." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. VII (2024): 3394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.807259.

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This study examined the mechanisms that promote educational dependency in Africa. These mechanisms focus on dependency theory, economic and political status of African countries. According to the dependence theory, both economic and educational progress cannot be achieved in a balanced and constructive way because of the nature of the structural interaction between the developed and less-developed states. The benefit of applying dependence theory is to explain human relationships and why wealthy countries continue to be wealthy while impoverished countries find it difficult to escape poverty.
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Wung, Ernest Alang, Joslanie Douanla Tameko, and Muhamadu Awal Kindzeka Wirajing. "The curse of dependency: Examining structural change in African economies." Forum for Economic and Financial Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 2269. https://doi.org/10.59400/fefs2269.

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This study investigates the effect of external dependency on structural change in 54 African countries between 1990 and 2021. The Two-Step System Generalized Method of Moments strategy is adopted to control for potential endogeneity problems. Findings reveal that structural change in Africa is strongly impaired by the level of external dependency. This is since all proxies of external dependency are negatively and statistically significant with all structural change proxies. For instance, under agricultural productivity, external debts stocks (EDS) give an eigen value (β) of 0.879, standard co
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Ajani, Oludele Albert. "3 - Sociology of Knowledge in the Era of Academic Dependency in Africa: Issues and Prospects." Journal of Higher Education in Africa 18, no. 1 (2022): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.57054/jhea.v18i1.1453.

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In recent years, sociology of knowledge – especially in terms of knowledge production, circulation and consumption – has been dominated by the global North, leaving the Third World, Africa included, in a dependent position. Many scholars have described this continued academic dependence as part of overall colonial and postcolonial relations between the centre and periphery, where the former is seen as the thinker, actor and speaker for the latter. There have been various critical agitations for the indigenisation of (social science) knowledge in order to liberate the Third World from the acade
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Nauwelaerts, Philip. "Military Budgets, Underdevelopment and Dependency." Afrika Focus 5, no. 1-2 (1989): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0050102002.

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Military expenditures are considered to be one of the causes of underdevelopment. This statement is not easy to prove. The article tries to explain that relatively small military expenditures might have large consequences, e.g. on external debt and scarcity of foreign exchange. The problem for Africa is not in the first place the amount of military expenses or external debt, but the low productivity rate which makes repayment difficult. Africa still remains dependent in different economic fields from industrialized countries. The African situation would improve by more stable regimes and a bet
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Ogunnubi, Olusola, and Adeoye Akinola. "South Africa and the Question of Hegemony in Africa." Journal of Developing Societies 33, no. 4 (2017): 428–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x17736583.

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This article examines the viability of mainstream neo-realist international relations scholarship for understanding regional power dynamics within Africa by offering a critical evaluation of the categorization of South Africa as a hegemonic power on the continent. Using the theoretical framework of hegemonic stability theory, it argues that there is a somewhat weak link between South Africa’s foreign policy character and its hegemonic disposition in Africa. The South African state, which is the driving force for political, economic and foreign policy processes, is itself subordinate in relatio
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Claar, Simone. "Green colonialism in the European Green Deal: Continuities of dependency and the relationship of forces between Europe and Africa." Culture, Practice & Europeanization 7, no. 2 (2022): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2566-7742-2022-2-262.

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In 2019, the European Union set a new course for a sustainable Europe with the European Green Deal (EGD), which included not only energy strategies but also mobility or clean water for a green Europe. The European Green Deal policies have implications and global effects on other world regions, e.g., the African continent. As I would argue, the EGD has a new EU-Africa strategy, which is marked by a continuity of dependency and might be an enabler of green colonialism. Existing patterns of dependency between Africa and Europe are reproduced, but new demands are made vis-à-vis African states whic
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Oloruntoba, Samuel O. "Africa rising? BRICS – diversifying dependency." African Affairs 115, no. 460 (2016): 581–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adw043.

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Akani, Christian. "Western Imperialism in Africa: The Italian Connection." Greener Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2012): 66–76. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjss.2012.2.gjss1219.

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African contact with the Western World right from the fifteenth century marked the gloomy dawn of imperialism, and an unending trail of exploitation of the continent. This process which lasted many centuries led to a plethora of institutions, values and etiquette which over time consolidated an alien social order. The prime motive of all these was to unceasingly appropriate the essential resources of the colonies, and subject the continent ‘… within the ambit of international commercial flows’. Unfortunately, extant literature on imperial rule of Africa has concentrated on t
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Mungala, Misi. "Integration et immigration : un enjeu du dynamisme social et consequences des politiques d’aide publique au developpement." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Studia Europaea 67, no. 2 (2022): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2022.2.01.

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Official development assistance has shown its limits in the face of persistent poverty on the African continent. Some think that the development aid policies adopted, better still, led by the West are incompatible with African culture. Others, on the other hand, believe that official development assistance fuels Africa's dependence on the West and therefore promotes its continued underdevelopment. Indeed, it is obvious that aid policies maintain an asymmetrical relationship between the two partners. However, although the Western model of development is opposed to the African socio-political ar
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Niyitunga, Eric Blanco, and Justice K. Musya. "Dependency syndrome within Africa’s international relations: A hindrance to sustainable development in Africa." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, no. 9 (2024): 7052. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i9.7052.

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Using a qualitative research methodology and exploratory approach to collect data, this study assessed the effects of dependency syndrome within Africa’s international relations and its repercussions for achieving sustainable development. The collected data were analysed using document and content analysis techniques. The study revealed that dependency syndrome within Africa’s international relations has led to aid dependency, political violence, and poverty. It has promoted laziness and an inferiority complex that affects the working conditions of Africans. Further, it has promoted corruption
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dependency; Africa"

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Candiotes, Alexander George. "A comparative study of the primary tax rebate system in South Africa in relation to Brazil and Australia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26702.

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The South African primary rebate is governed by Section 6 of the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962). This primary tax rebate entitles taxpayers to a tax-free income portion up to a certain level depending on the rebate amount (also referred to as the tax threshold). The concept of tax thresholds in a tax system in essence adhere to the first tax canon of Smith (1776:676), which suggests that individuals should pay taxes in proportion to each person’s ability to pay tax. The implication of this tax canon is that individuals who have a limited or no ability to pay tax should only be subject to pay tax
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Mbatia, Carolyne Nkatha. "Effect of foreign aid dependency on taxation revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27983.

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There is an ongoing debate in the literature on the effect of foreign aid - concessional loans and grants - on fiscal tax revenues. Most scholars argue that loans have a positive effect on taxation revenue because of the obligation to repay them, whereas grants have a negative effect because the recipient treats them as 'free' money and as a substitute for taxation. This study focuses on the impact of foreign loans and grants on tax revenues for 42 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1990-2014. We test the above hypothesis for these African countries, but divide them into different in
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Childs, Amber-Robyn. "Estuarine-dependency and multiple habitat use by dusky kob Argyrosomus Japonicus (Pisces: Sciaenidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020241.

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Dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus is a wide-ranging estuarine-dependent Sciaenid and an important fishery species throughout most of its distribution. It is one of South Africa’s most valuable coastal fishery species. High levels of juvenile exploitation in estuaries and ineffective management regulations have led to stock collapse, highlighting the need to better understand the spatial and temporal aspects of estuarine-dependency and multiple habitat use. Habitat connectivity is a critical property of estuarine-associated fishes and it therefore follows that knowledge of this link is fundamenta
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Steele, Melita Zoë. "Natural resource harvesting and disturbance in communal lands: assessing the roles of local ecological knowledge, dependency and market access." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004604.

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A great deal of research has demonstrated that Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) play a crucial role in the livelihoods of the rural poor, and are particularly important to the most marginalised people throughout the developing world. However, these livelihood benefits are not without cost to the natural resource base that rural communities depend so heavily upon. The continued dependence on NTFPs as a major livelihood source must be contingent upon the minimisation of the level of disturbance created through this dependency. This study assesses the level of disturbance created through natura
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Edwik, A. A. "Oil dependency, economic diversification and development a case study of Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2189/.

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The Libyan economy relies heavily on increasing oil revenues, which may deteriorate with a future oil price decline. The Libyan economy performed as well as resource poor countries over the past few decades. The oil booms of 1973 and 1979 brought unprecedented income to Libya but, despite the substantial oil revenues, much of the potential benefit of the windfall has been dissipated. Libya relies heavily on oil receipts, the price of which tends to fluctuate widely in the international market. Also, the Libyan economy is dominated by hydrocarbons and the public sector. Sizeable oil wealth has
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Gondwe, Carlton H. M. "Dependency, economic integration and development in developing areas : the cases of EAC, ECOWAS and SADCC." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66066.

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Harryson, Angelica. "Is there a relationship between the dependency rate and economic growth? : A study of the demographic dividend in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-26489.

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Economists have studied the relationship between population growth and economic growth for a very long time and not found any clear relationships. Recently they have begun to focus on the factors of population growth such as fertility and mortality rates. From this line of study came the age-structure hypothesis. The age-structure hypothesis was founded on the evidence from Asia’s very successful demographic transition and many economists are now wondering whether Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) will be able to repeat this feat. Hence, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the depen
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Rammusi, Charlotte Lesego. "Experiences and perceptions of mining CSR representatives in Thabazimbi municipality: dependency and empowerment / Lesego Rammusi." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9197.

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The aim of the research was to understand the experiences and challenges of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Thabazimbi and the implications and consequences for communities in terms of dependency and empowerment, as seen from the perspective of the mining representatives. As corporate citizens, mining companies generate profits through the exploitation of mineral resources. There is an expectation that some of the benefits of this mining endeavours should be passed on to communities surrounding the company. This is generally considered the best sustainability practice and companies ar
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Falletisch, Leila Ann. "Understanding the legacy of dependency and powerlessness by farm workers on wine farms in the Western Cape /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/836.

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Tettey, Christian. "URBANIZATION IN AFRICA IN RELATION TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A MULTIFACETED QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1124911124.

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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Urban Studies and Public Affairs, 2005.<br>"August, 2005." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 01/14/2006) Advisor, Ashok K. Dutt; Committee members, Peter Leahy, Nancy Grant, Lathardus Goggins, Helen Liggett, Carolyn Behrman; Department Chair, Raymond Cox; Dean of the College, Charles B. Monroe; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Dependency; Africa"

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Schuftan, Claudio. Beyond maldevelopment praxis in Africa. Codesria, 1998.

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Mbaabu, Ireri. Language policy in East Africa: A dependency theory perspective. Educational Research and Publications, 1996.

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Mhango, Nkwazi Nkuzi. Africa's dependency syndrome: Can Africa still turn things around for the better? Langaa Research & Publishing CIG, 2017.

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Le Mouël, Chantal, and Bertrand Schmitt, eds. Food Dependency in the Middle East and North Africa Region. Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1563-6.

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Vittoria, Nodari Maria, ed. Africa ed Europa: Dalla dipendenza alla cooperazione. Edizioni del Rezzara, 1996.

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Deku, Kodzo Edmund. We have a dream of a better Africa: Let us build mother Africa together. [Our Great Africa Foundation?], 2017.

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Samir, Amin. Africa and the challenge of development: Essays. Hope Publications, 1998.

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Tsie, Balefi. Botswana and SADCC: The dilemmas of dependence. University of Leeds, African Studies Unit, Dept. of Politics, 1989.

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1957-, Swatuk Larry A., Black David R. 1960-, and Dalhousie University. Centre for Foreign Policy Studies., eds. Canada and Southern Africa after apartheid: Foreign aid and civil society. Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, 1996.

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Nyang'oro, Julius Edo. The state and capitalist development in Africa: Declining political economies. Praeger, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dependency; Africa"

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Sooryamoorthy, R. "Science, Dependency and Africa." In Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5577-0_1.

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Cowaloosur, Honita, and Ian Taylor. "Dependency and underdevelopment." In New Directions in Africa–China Studies. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315162461-13.

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Birkholz, Sina. "Multi-layered dependency." In Clientelism and Patronage in the Middle East and North Africa. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351169240-2.

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Finkeldey, Jasper. "Fossil Fuel Dependency in South Africa." In Fighting Global Neo-Extractivism. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003110835-4.

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Lisimba, Alpha Furbell. "Theoretical Understanding/Literature Review Dependency Theory." In China’s Trade and Investment in Africa. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9573-8_2.

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Jarvie, Grant. "Sport, Power and Dependency in Southern Africa." In Sport and Leisure in the Civilizing Process. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11191-6_8.

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Trafford, Zara. "The Care Dependency Grant in South Africa." In The Routledge International Handbook of Children's Rights and Disability. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003056737-12.

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Garcia-Herrero, Alicia, and Carlos Casanova. "Africa’s rising commodity export dependency on China." In Routledge Handbook of Africa–Asia Relations. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315689067-12.

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Zajontz, Tim, and Ian Taylor. "Capitalism and Africa’s (infra)structural dependency." In Africa and the Global System of Capital Accumulation. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003017486-11.

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Williams, Marc A. "Africa and the International Economic System: Dependency or Self-reliance?" In Africa in World Politics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08168-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dependency; Africa"

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Tamas, Anca. "THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s03/24.

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The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of the demographics on the economic development on the BRICS countries during 2009-2021. The BRICS countries as Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are known starting 2009 (and 2010 for South Africa respectively), they are fast growing economies, emerging markets in the second stage of demographic transition and highly heterogeneous countries in most social economic features. Due to the fact they are counting for more than 40% of the global population, the demographic impact on the economic development should be significant. EViews 8 was
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Merghem, Mohammed, Mohammed Haoues, Ahmed Senoussi, Mohammed Dahane, and Kinza Nadia Mouss. "Joint Planning in a Hybrid Manufacturing-Remanufacturing System Under Operational-Dependent Deterioration and Outsourcing Options." In 2024 International Conference of the African Federation of Operational Research Societies (AFROS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/afros62115.2024.11036877.

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Čerňák, Jozef. "The Role of Copper in Zambia." In EDAMBA 2023: 26th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2023.9788022551274.43-53.

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Natural resources stand high on the agenda of a number of Regional Economic Communities (RECs) in Africa (AfDB, 2013). Resource-rich countries usually depend on single main export product. Zambia being a member of both COMESA and SADC as two RECs in Africa has copper reserves of roughly 20 million tons and is the second largest copper producer in Africa. 70% of country’s foreign exchange revenue is coming from copper. When copper prices fall on world markets, this means lower convertible currency earnings for Zambia. Zambia’s dependence on copper makes the country vulnerable to commodity price
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Masson, Graham. "High Expansion Technology Opens the Way for Enhanced Recovery." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2573417-ms.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to examine the recent improvements in High Expansion packer and plug design, while minimizing packer element extrusion. Changes that provide operators with more intervention options at reduced risk. For thirty or more years, extrusion gap has been controlled primarily by the use of a "Gauge Ring" as a packer back up. While successful, this approach dictates a large OD packer or plug to minimize extrusion gap. As our industry has developed more tortuous wellbore geometry, large ODs have led to running and pulling problems. These designs have also prevente
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Seiffer, Dirk, Alexander M. J. van Eijk, Detlev Sprung, et al. "Investigation of the height dependency of optical turbulence in the surface layer over False Bay (South Africa)." In Laser Communication and Propagation through the Atmosphere and Oceans VI, edited by Alexander M. van Eijk, Stephen M. Hammel, and Jeremy P. Bos. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2275859.

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Esteves, Otavio Lopes Alves, and Hossam A. Gabbar. "Implementing a Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy System to Reduce Fossil Fuel Dependency in South Africa: A Case Study." In 2023 IEEE 11th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sege59172.2023.10274541.

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Bazhenov, Yuri Mikhailovich, Anastasia Konstantinovna Mosalova, and Nina Armenovna Spiridonova. "AFRICA IN GLOBAL ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS: PARTNERSHIP OR NEW COLONIALISM?" In Themed collection of papers from Foreign international scientific conference «Joint innovation - joint development». by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with PS of UA. May 2025. - Harbin (China). Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37539/250522.2025.98.18.016.

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The article analyzes China's role in energy and transportation projects in Africa, examining whether they represent a partnership or a new form of colonialism. The authors highlight key trends in Chinese investments, including their volume, focus areas, and implications for African nations. Over the past two decades, China has invested over $170 billion in Africa, primarily in infrastructure, resource extraction, and energy. However, 85% of contracts mandate the use of Chinese equipment, and repatriating a significant portion of profits to China raises concerns about the fairness of this coope
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Mushingelette Mbangu, Frank, John Ikome, and Aa Alugongo. "Power Shortages and Sustainable Solutions in South Africa: The Role of Inga 3 Hydropower and Green Supply Chains." In 16th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2025). AHFE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1006399.

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The current energy crisis in South Africa, within the transformational context of the Inga 3 Hydropower Project and further through green supply chains, is the subject of this research. It fully describes how shortages of electricity have dire implications for key industries such as mining, manufacturing, and services, all exacerbated by aging infrastructure and dependence on coal. The Inga 3 project involves 4,215 MW of capacity and is discussed here as an example of how a renewable energy alternative could alleviate South Africa's energy deficit.This paper looks at the feasibility of integra
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Imoisili, Patrick Ehi, and Tien Chien Jen. "Renewable Energy Technologies: Opportunities and Challenges for South Africa." In 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Engineering and Materials Development. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-rulyg5.

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One of Africa's biggest problems, which has an impact on its social and economic growth, is its lack of access to electricity. Due to its reliance on coal, South Africa (SA) has been acknowledged as one of the nations in Sub-Saharan Africa that has had difficulty developing its energy infrastructure. South Africa is the biggest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Africa due to its dependence on coal. The nation has been forced to switch to cleaner energy technologies like solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, and hydropower. However, as South Africa made the move from an energy based on fo
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Graham, Marien Alet. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL CLIMATE AND SOUTH AFRICAN GRADE 9 LEARNER ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v2end042.

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"School climate has become a staple of organisational-educational research and is considered here in relation to learner academic achievement. In South Africa, poor learner achievement in mathematics and science has occupied the centre stage with the release of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Studies (TIMSS) 2019 results. At Grade 9 level, 39 countries participated, and South Africa was very last and second from the last in science and mathematics achievement, respectively. We used a quantitative design with a positivist philosophical stance. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs was
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Reports on the topic "Dependency; Africa"

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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household bus
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Garg, Kartikeya, and Brendan Vickers. Harnessing Africa's Critical Minerals Wealth. Commonwealth Secretariat, 2024. https://doi.org/10.14217/comsec.1133.

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Africa holds about 30 per cent of the world’s mineral resources, many of which are vital for the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables and low-carbon technologies, including electricity networks, battery storage and electric vehicles (Chandler, 2022). Global efforts to meet the Paris Agreement’s ambition of net-zero emissions by 2050, therefore, would place ‘Africaat the heart of the green energy transition, both in environmental and geopolitical terms’. In addition to their role in the energy transition, these minerals already serve as an important source of revenue for African co
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Belaid, Fateh, and Mohamad Hejazi. Progress and Gaps in the Adoption of Clean Cooking Fuels in Africa – Policy Options for Ghana and Kenya. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2025. https://doi.org/10.30573/ks--2025-dp09.

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Access to clean cooking fuels is vital for public health, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines the key barriers to adopting clean cooking fuels in Ghana and Kenya, asking. Despite progress in urban areas toward liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity, rural households remain reliant on biomass fuels like wood and charcoal, leading to indoor air pollution and environmental harm. This dependence imposes significant costs, estimated at $18 billion annually in Ghana and $39 billion in Kenya. To address these challenges, targe
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Beach, Rachel, and Vanessa van den Boogaard. Tax and Governance in the Context of Scarce Revenues: Inefficient Tax Collection and its Implications in Rural West Africa. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.035.

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The expansion of the ‘tax net’ has commanded considerable domestic and international policy attention as a means of financing essential services, reducing dependence on international aid, and producing positive ‘government dividends.’ A growing body of research, however, questions the logic of extending the tax base, particularly among individuals and businesses in the urban informal economy, highlighting the associated revenue inefficiencies, negative equity implications, and lack of a direct relationship between tax payment and government accountability.
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Kang’oro, Dorothy, Fidele Ngerero, and Ignatius Odongo. Using Digital Technologies to Improve Tax Collection – the Case of Togo. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.054.

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The increasing digitalisation of African economies over the past decade, and the spread of mobile money and digital financial services (DFS), has given both opportunities and challenges to tax administrations in Africa. In theory, the use of digital technologies and expanded use of DFS can provide tax administrations with access to extensive new digitised data, increase transparency, and make the overall taxpayer experience easier. All this can ultimately improve the tax administration’s performance. However, studies show that tax administrations face important challenges in how to best develo
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Quak, Evert-jan. Lessons Learned from Market Shaping Interventions to Stimulate Vaccine Production in LMIC. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.009.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on the lessons learned on how market shaping tools can be used to stimulate vaccine production in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with a focus on Africa. The purpose is to learn from these interventions in the context of shaping the vaccine markets in Africa to become less dependent on imports and to stimulate local production of vaccines. The rapid review concludes that it is the combination of market shaping tools (supply and demand sides) with efforts to mobilise resources and a cl
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Davey, Calum, Syreen Hassan, Nancy Cartwright, et al. Designing evaluations to provide evidence to inform action in new settings. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cip2.

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Policy and interventions should be informed by the best available evidence, but evaluations are not always optimally designed to inform decisions about policies and interventions in new contexts. Learning the most possible from evaluations is important; evaluating is expensive and policy makers should be confident about their decisions. Using evidence from previous studies can lead to better policy decisions, but there have been cases where doing so has led to interventions that have not worked. Learning from evaluations for decisions elsewhere has generally been more successful for interventi
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Cabral, Lídia, Ronald Ranta, Suleyman Demi, et al. Grass-roots Innovation for Justice in Urban Food Provisioning. Institute of Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.19088/ids.2025.015.

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This paper draws on an international research collaboration to examine grass-roots innovations in food provisioning in five urban locations. These include affordable food projects, comprising social supermarkets and a vegetable box delivery scheme, in Brighton &amp; Hove, UK; an affordable food project targeting black communities in Toronto, Canada; a food fund piloted in Montpellier, France; Solidarity Kitchens in São Paulo, Brazil; and primary school gardens in Cape Town, South Africa. The paper examines the innovative features of these experiences, their comparison to conventional food bank
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Landolt, Peter, Ezra Dunkelblum, Robert R. Heath, and Moshe Kehat. Host Plant Chemical Mediation of Heliothis Reproductive Behavior. United States Department of Agriculture, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7568753.bard.

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Phytophagous insects respond to chemicals from their host plants in a number of ways, including orientation or attraction in response to volatiles produced by plants. Orientation to odors from host plants may occur in order to locate food, mates, or oviposition sites. A detailed understanding of these behaviors are the chemical stimuli evoking them may provide useful means for attracting and trapping insect pests of crop plants. Heliothine moths (Helicoverpa and Heliothis herein) include a number of major pests of cultivated crop plants throughout the world. In North America, these include Hel
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Hinfelaar, Marja. Political Economy Analysis of Pro-poor Policies in Zambia. Institute of Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.19088/cpan.2025.004.

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In 2024, Zambia experienced the driest agricultural season in over 40 years, with significant crop losses, increased livestock deaths and, consequently, worsening poverty. Over 9 million people in 84 out of 116 districts were affected. Rising inflation impeded access to food for vulnerable households Being dependent on hydropower, the drought resulted in an enormous power deficit. In 2024 and early 2025 Zambia experienced power cuts of 21 hours a day, disproportionately affecting small and medium-sized enterprises that cannot afford solar power or generators. A debt crisis has exacerbated thes
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